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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
COUNTRY SUBJECT AREA AND PUBLISHER H-INDEX CATEGORY
China Chinese Society of Agricultural and Agricultural Engineering 31 Universities and Biological Sciences research institutions in Agricultural and China Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
Engineering Engineering (miscellaneous)
PUBLICATION TYPE ISSN COVERAGE INFORMATION
Journals 19346344, 19346352 2008-2020 Homepage
How to publish in this journal
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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (IJABE, https://www.ijabe.org) is a peer reviewed open access international journal. IJABE, started in 2008, is a joint publication co-sponsored by US-based Association of Agricultural, Biological and Food Engineers (AOCABFE) and China-based Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (CSAE). The ISSN 1934-6344 and eISSN 1934-6352 numbers for both print and online IJABE have been registered in US. Now, Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng (IJABE) is published in both online and print version by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering.
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Braze™ SJR Total Documents
0.75The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that 240Evolution of the number of published documents. All ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is types of documents are considered, including citable based0.5 on the idea that 'all citations are not created 160and non citable documents. equal'. SJR is a measure of scientifc infuence of 0.25 80 journals that accounts for both the number of citations Year Documents received by a journal and the importance or prestige of 2008 23 0 0 the journals where such citations come from It 2009 40 measur2009es the scienti2011 fc 2013infuence2015 of the av2017erage article2019 2010200834 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 in a journal it expresses how central to the global 2011 38
Total Cites Self-Cites Citations per document
1.4k Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's This3 indicator counts the number of citations received by self-citations received by a journal's published documents from a journal and divides them by the total documents during the three previous years. number of documents published in that journal. The 700Journal Self-citation is defned as the number of citation 2.4chart shows the evolution of the average number of from a journal citing article to articles published by the times documents published in a journal in the past two, same journal. three and four years have been cited in the current year. 1.8 0 The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor Cites2008 2010Year 2012Value2014 2016 2018 2020 ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric. S lf Cit 2008 0 1.2 External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc Cites per document Year Value Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2008 0.000 0.6 4Evolution of the number of total citation per document Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2009 0.261 and external citation per document (i.e. journal self- Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2010 0.524 citations removed) received by a journal's published Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2011 0.887 0 2documents during the three previous years. External Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2012 1.259 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2013 1.680 citations are calculated by subtracting the number of 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2014 0.940 self-citations from the total number of citations received 0 CitesCites / Doc./ Doc. (4 (4 y years)ears) 2015 1.051 by the journal’s documents. CitesCites / Doc./ Doc. (4 (3 y years)ears) 2016 1.118 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 CitesCites / Doc./ Doc. (4 (2 y years)ears) 2017 1.449 Cit Y V l
% International Collaboration Citable documents Non-citable documents
500 40International Collaboration accounts for the articles that Not every article in a journal is considered primary have been produced by researchers from several research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research 20documents signed by researchers from more than one 250(research articles, conference papers and reviews) in country; that is including more than one country address. three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers. 0 Year International Collaboration 0 20082008 34.782010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Documents2008 2010 2012 Y2014ear V2016alue 2018 2020 2009 22 50 N it bl d t 2008 0
Cited documents Uncited documents ← Show this widget in 500 Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years your own website windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year. Just copy the code below 250 and paste within your html code: Documents Year Value Uncited documents 2008 0 Jiangsu University, China Huang Wenjiang, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China Ning Wang, Oklahoma State University, United States Ruixiu Sui, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), United States Jiannong Xin, University of Florida, United States REMS Section Editors
Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States Caixia Wan, United States Hanwu Lei, Washington State University, United States Yebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United States Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez, Technical University of Madrid, Spain Guangnan Chen, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia REMS Associate Editors
Li Ming, Yunnan Normal University, China Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States Zhu Hongguang, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, China Yi Weiming, PhD,School of Light Industry & Agricultural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, China B. Brian He, University of Idaho, United States Nalladurai Kaliyan, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, United States Lijun Wang, North Carolina A&T State University, United States Jiele Xu, North Carolina State University, United States Wenqiao (Wayne) Yuan, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States Zhang Quanguo, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, China Gibbons R William, Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, United States Yebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United States Gonzalez L Jos, South Dakota State University, United States Bang S. Sookie, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, United States Yi-Heng Percival Zhang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States AFPS Section Editors
Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States Soojin Jun, University of Hawaii, United States Jianmei Yu, North Carolina A&T State University, United States Shaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United States Wang Jun, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China Peng Yankun, China Agricultural University, China Zheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China AFPS Associate Editors
Zheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China Ma Haile, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, China Han Lujia, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, China Guoping Lian, Unilever Research Colworth, United Kingdom Xiaofei Ye, The University of Tennessee, United States Qixin Zhong, University of Tennessee, United States Wade Yang, Alabama A&M University, United States Yifen Wang, Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, United States Donghai Wang, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, United States Zhongli Pan, PhD, Prof., President of AOC, University of California, Davis, CA, United States Hao Feng, Department of Food Science, University of Illinois, United States Lihan Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Haiqiang Chen, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, United States B. Brian He, University of Idaho, United States Yebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United States Hanwu Lei, Washington State University, United States Shaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United States Lin Hetong, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China Editorial Staff
Wang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States Zhuojing Wu, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China Shi Xiuhuan, Chinese Academy of Agricutural Engineering, China Rabi G. Rasaily, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Lingyan Zhang, Part-time editor, China National Agrilcultural Development Group Corporation, China Guest Head Editor
A/Prof. Thomas M Banhazi, University of South Queensland, Australia Philip W. Gassman, Iowa State University, United States
2021-2023 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS USER
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JOURNAL CONTENT Search Honorary Chairman William Bill Joseph Chancellor, Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of California, Davis, United States Search Scope All Wang Maohua, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Member of International Eurasian Academy of Search Sciences, Prof., China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Browse Jaw-Kai Wang, PhD, Prof., Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA, By Issue United States By Author By Title Jiang Yiyuan, Prof., Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China, China DONATIONS Li Peicheng, Prof., Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Chang, China
Chenghai Yang, PhD, Agricultural Engineer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FONT SIZE College Station, Texas, USA, United States
Bill A. Stout, Emeritus Prof. of Texas A &M University, Honorary President of CIGR, College Station, TX, United States INFORMATION Tao Dinglai, Prof., Founder of the CAAE & CSAE, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China, China For Readers For Authors For Librarians 2021-2023 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office
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JOURNAL CONTENT Search Chairmen Roger Ruan, PhD, Prof., Director, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States Search Scope Zhu Ming (Standing), Prof., President of CSAE, President, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China All Search
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JOURNAL CONTENT Search Vice-Chairmen Cao Weixing, PhD, Prof., Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Search Scope Da-Wen Sun, PhD, Prof., CIGR President, Member of Royal Irish Academy, Member of Academia Europaea, National All University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Search
Fu Zetian, PhD, Prof., Vice-President of CSAE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Browse By Issue Juming Tang, PhD, Prof., Former President of AOC, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States By Author By Title Kang Shaozhong, PhD, Prof., Academician of the CAE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Luo Xiwen, Prof., Vice-President of CSAE, Academician of the CAE, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, DONATIONS China
Naiqian Zhang, PhD, Prof., Former President of AOC, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States FONT SIZE Qiang Zhang, PhD, Former President of AOC, Prof. and Head of Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada INFORMATION Ruihong Zhang, University of California, United States For Readers Xiusheng (Harrison) Yang, PhD, Prof, Former President of AOC, President of ACAAS, University of Connecticut, Storrs, For Authors United States For Librarians
Ying Yibin, PhD, Prof., Executive Dean, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Journal Help
Yuan Shouqi, PhD, Prof., President, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Zhao Chunjiang, PhD, Prof., Director, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China
Yubin Lan, PhD, Agricultural Engineer, Former President of AOC, USDA-ARS-SPARC, Adjunct Professor of Texas A&M University-College Station, TX, United States
Zhongli Pan, PhD, Prof., President of AOC, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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JOURNAL CONTENT Search Journal Manager Wang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China Search Scope Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States All Search
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JOURNAL CONTENT Search Editorial Board Members A. Alexandrou, California State University - Fresno, Dept. of Plant Science, United States Search Scope Vilas M. Salokhe, Kaziranga University, India All Search Lingjuan W. Wang-Li, North Carolina State University, United States Browse Xiaomei Li, XY Green Carbon, Canada By Issue By Author Prof. Dr. Said Elshahat Abdallah, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt By Title Guoqiang Zhang, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark DONATIONS Milan Martinov, University of Novi Sad,
Youngjung Kim, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Korea, Republic of FONT SIZE Ravindra Naik, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, India
Jianmei Yu, North Carolina A&T State University, United States INFORMATION Edward T. Huang, California Institute of Environmental Design & Management, United States For Readers For Authors Jacek Dach, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland For Librarians
Reginald S. Fletcher, USDA-ARS, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, United States Journal Help Ge Zhenyang, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
Ji Shiming, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
He Xinlin, Shihezi University, China
Zou Xiaobo, Jiangsu University, China
Du Ruicheng, Shandong University of Technology, China
Zhang Wei, College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
Chen Haitao, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Wei Xiuju, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China
Yang Gongming, South China Agricultural University, China
Yang Xinting, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China
Dr., Prof. Zhou Yang, South China Agricultural University, China
Cao Weibin, Shihezi University, China
Yi Shujuan, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
Yun Wenju, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center of Land and Resources Ministry, China
Zhou Fujun, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Zhou Xinqun, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China
Hulya Atil, Ege University, Turkey
Enchen Jiang, South China Agricultural University, China
Iris Xiaohong Xu, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Canada
R S Prasad, Punjab Engineering College, India
Gabriela Teodorescu, Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania
H. Erdal Ozkan, Ohio State University, United States
Mohammed Elfaki Mozib, University of Sana, Yemen
Dr. Michael W. Van Liew, None, United States
Baptista Fatima Folgoa, Department of Rural Engineering, University of Evora, Portugal
Mathias Schick, Research Station ART, Switzerland
Balram Panigrahi, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, India
Franis Gemtos, University of Thessaly, Greece
Tridib Kumar Goswami, Indian Institute of Technology, India
Manoj K. Jha, Civil Engineering Department, North Carolina A&T University, United States
Oleg S. Marchenko, All-Russia Research Institute for Mechanization in Agriculture (VIM), Russian Federation
Angelito V. Angeles, Central Luzon State University, Philippines
John Hampton, Lincoln University, New Zealand
Shreemat Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal
Olarewaju Akinola Johnson, School of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Hans W. Griepentrog, University of Hohenheim, Germany
Zhen He, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
Markku Jarvenpaa, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Finland
Claus Gron Sorensen, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
Xueming Yang, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Desa Ahmad, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, Malaysia
R K Panda, Indian Institute of Technology, India
Jian Yu, University of Hawaii, United States
Gabor Zsivanovits, Food Research and Development Institute (Former CANRI) of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Rodrigo Lilla Manzione, Universidade Estadual Paulista/Ourinhos, Brazil
Jan C Jofriet, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Canada
Luiz Henrique Luiz Henrique A Rodrigues, School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI) University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
Lope G. Tabil, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Zhuping Sheng, Texas A&M University, United States
David Tinker, European Society of Agricultural Engineers, United Kingdom
William Bill Joseph Chancellor, Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of California, Davis, United States
Yecong Li, Sapphire Energy, Inc., United States
Peeyush Soni, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Kansas State University, United States
Simon Blackmore, Harper Adams University College, United Kingdom
Chenxu Yu, Iowa State University, United States
Jiele Xu, North Carolina State University, United States
Yunus Pinar, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Turkey
Lazar Savin, University of Novi Sad,
Afam I O Jideani, University of Venda, South Africa
William S. Kisaalita, University of Georgia, United States
Seth I Manuwa, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
Philip W. Gassman, Iowa State University, United States
Ziyu Wang, American Process Inc., United States
Mukand Singh Babel, Climate Change Asia at AIT (CCA@AIT) Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand
Ladislav Nozdrovicky, Slovak University of Agriculture, Slovakia
Xiuying (Susan) Wang, Texas A&M University, United States
Ruihong Zhang, University of California, United States
Manuel R Reyes, North Carolina A&T State University, United States
Antonio Brasa Ramos, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Jacek Przybyl, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Chua Kian Jon Ernest, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Dr. Victor B Ella, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines
Hamish Gow, Massey University, New Zealand
Jeremy Harbinson, University of Wageningen, Netherlands
Eldert J. van Henten, Farm Technology Group, Wageningen UR, & Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Netherlands
Ruplal Choudhary, Southern Illinois University, United States
Dr Heiner Lehr, Syntesa ApS, Spain
Seung-Jin Maeng, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Republic of
In-Hwan Oh, Konkuk University, Korea, Republic of
Chung Sun-Ok, Chungnam National University, Korea, Republic of
Bassam Snobar, University of Jordan, Jordan
Prof. Taha M. Rababah, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Wang Xiulun, Mie University, Japan
Ultan Mc Carthy, University College Dublin, Ireland
N. Kapilan, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, India
M N Dabhi, Junagadh Agricultural University, India
Di Wu, University College Dublin, Ireland
Noboru Noguchi, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
Jun Abe, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Japan
Hiroaki SOMURA, Shimane University, Japan
Ing. Henning J. Meyer, Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany
Nicholas Kyei-Baffour, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana B K Kumbhar, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
Samy Badr Khadr, Zanzibar Joint Farm, Egypt
K N Tiwari, Indian Institute of Technology, India
BEE Mohamed H Hatem, Cairo University, Egypt
Hannu E. S. Haapala, Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland
Prof. Wu Chuanyu, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
Jiri Blahovec, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
Mahmoud Hany Ramadan, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt
Gao Haiyan, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Chen Jianneng, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
Wu Huarui, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China
Liu Yande, East China Jiaotong University, China
Li Hongwen, China Agricultural University, China
Xu Guangyin, Henan Agricultural University, China
Wu Caicong, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, China
Li Baoming, China Agricultural University, China
Li Pingping, Nanjing Forestry University, China
Dong Renjie, China Agricultural University, China
Ye Xingqian, Zhejiang University, China
Liu Donghong, Zhejiang University, China
Allen (Jack) McHugh, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
Wang Chun, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
Sun Yurui, China Agricultural University, China
Li Dong, China Agricultural University, China
Peng Yankun, China Agricultural University, China
Zeng Dechao, China Agricultural University, China
Bingcheng Si, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Huiqing Guo, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Li Shaowen, Anhui Agricultural University, China
Jun Zhu, University of Minnesota, United States
Xiying Hao, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
A/Prof. Thomas M Banhazi, University of South Queensland, Australia
Deli Chen, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Mauro Greppi, Istituto di Idraulica Agraria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Daniele De Wrachien, Universit, Italy
Stefano Mambretti, Politecnico of Milan, Italy
Tadeusz Pawlowski, Industrial institute of Agricultural Engineering, Poland
Jiqin Ni, Purdue University, United States
Yigang Sun, University of Illinois, United States
Xinlei Wang, University of Illinois, United States
Hongwei Xin, Iowa State University, United States
Shuangning Xiu, North Carolina A&T State University, United States
Lingying Zhao, The Ohio State University, United States
Jiannong Xin, University of Florida, United States
Jukka Rintala, MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
Jing Liu, Lund University, Sweden
Enrique Molto, Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research, Spain
Josse De Baerdemaeker, Department of Agro-Engineering and -Economics, Belgium
Nick Sigrimis, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
Seonggu Hong, Hankyong National University, Korea, Republic of
In-Bok Lee, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea, Republic of
Wang Xiangyou, Shandong University of Technology, China
Athapol Noomhorm, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Zhang Xianfeng, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, China
Bo Mattiasson, Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Sweden
Myongsoo Chung, Department of Food Science, Ehwa Women's University, Korea, Republic of
Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
Rajvir Yadav, Junagadh Agricultural University, India
Guangnan Chen, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
Nalladurai Kaliyan, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, United States Liang Wang, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, China
Antonio Saraiva, University of Sao Paulo-Polytechnic School, Brazil
Neil McLaughlin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Stavros G.Vougioukas, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Greece
Victoria Blanes-Vidal, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Roger Martin-Clouaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agrono, France
Tadeusz Kuczynski, University of Zielona Gora, Poland
Peter Groot Koerkamp, Wageningen University, Netherlands
Vladislav Minin, the Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, Russian Federation
Akbar Arabhosseini, University of Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Ma Xiaoyi, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Andreas Herbst, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany
Arason Sigurj, Department of Food Science, University of Iceland, Iceland
Bang S. Sookie, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, United States
B. Brian He, University of Idaho, United States
Chen Jian, College of Engineering, Southwest University, China
Huang Guanhua, China Agricultural University, China
Zhao Lixin, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China
Ji Changying, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Ding Weimin, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Dong Changsheng, Shanxi Agricultural University, China
Donghai Wang, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, United States
E. John Stevens, The New Zealand & Australia Branch of IAMFE, New Zealand
Keith Weatherhead, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
Guoping Lian, Unilever Research Colworth, United Kingdom
He Xiongkui, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China
Hong Tiansheng, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, China
Isaac Shainberg, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel
Li Chenghua, Shenyang Ligong University, China
Li Ming, Yunnan Normal University, China
Lin Hetong, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China
Peter Schulze-Lammers, Institut for Landtechnik, University of Bonn, Germany
Ruixiu Sui, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), United States
Ruth Ben-Arie, Israel Fruit Growers Association, Israel
Shuqi Shang, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
Luo Weihong, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Thomas Jungbluth, University of Hohenheim, Germany
Wang Quanjiu, Xi'an University of Technology, China
Wenqiao (Wayne) Yuan, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States
Ren Tusheng, China Agricultural University, China
Liu Tingxi, Inner Mogolia Agricultural University, China
Li Changyou, Inner Mogolia Agricultural University, China
Li Tianlai, Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Yao-Wen Huang, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, United States
Wang Chunguang, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
Yanbo Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States
Yi Liang, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, United States
Ying Chen, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Canada
Yi-Heng Percival Zhang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States
Yue Tianli, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Heather McNarin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Nicolas Tremblay, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Haiqiang Chen, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, United States
Li Wenzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Lijun Wang, North Carolina A&T State University, United States
Wei Gao, University of Colorado, United States
Patricia Bresnahan, University of Connecticut, United States
Glenn Warner, University of Connecticut, United States
Shulin Chen, Washington State University, United States Lie Tang, Iowa State University, United States
Ning Wang, Oklahoma State University, United States
Dr. Shufeng Han, United States
Yang Qinghua, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
Yuzhou Luo, University of California at Davis, United States
Hao Feng, Department of Food Science, University of Illinois, United States
Lihan Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States
Li Minzan, China Agricultural University, China
Joachim M, Institute for Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Germany
Liao Qingxi, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Prof. Wang Jinwu, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Shao Ming'an, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Guo Yuming, Shanxi Agricultural University, China
Xiaofei Ye, The University of Tennessee, United States
Qixin Zhong, University of Tennessee, United States
Heping Zhu, United States Department of Agriculture, United States
Wade Yang, Alabama A&M University, United States
Mao Hanping, Jiangsu University, China
Gonzalez L Jos, South Dakota State University, United States
Hanwu Lei, Washington State University, United States
Yeqiao Wang, CELS-NRS Coastal Institute In Kingston, United States
Sun Songlin, Hunan Agricultural University, China
Ying Zhang, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Yifen Wang, Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, United States
Wang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China
Ma Haile, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, China
Xuejun Pan, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
Gibbons R William, Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, United States
Lei Tingwu, College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricutural University, China
Fu Qiang, College of Water Conservancy & Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Shaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United States
Liu Ronghou, Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Yang Tao, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, United States
Yebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United States
He Yong, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
Han Lujia, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, China
Wang Jihua, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China
Huang Wenjiang, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China
Ou Yinggang, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, China
Tong Jin, College of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, China
Yuanhui Zhang, Dep of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urban-Champaign, United States
Wang Jun, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
Zhang Dongxing, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, China
Zhang Guochen, Dalian Fisheries University, China
Zhang Quanguo, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, China
Zhang Yalei, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, China
Zheng Baodong, College of Food Science & Technology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China
Zheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China
Zhou Changji, Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China
Zhou Zhili, Henan University of Science and Technology, China
Zhu Hongguang, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, China
Zhu Songming, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
Zhu Wenxue, Food and Bioengineering College,Henan University of Science and Technology, China
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JOURNAL CONTENT Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria Search isolated of swimmer crab’s cell Search Scope Rieny Sulistijowati, . Sudin, Rita Marsuci Harmain All Search Abstract Browse This study aimed at investigating the chitinase enzyme activity produced by chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of blue By Issue By Author swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and identification of the genus isolate. This study consists of two stages: firstly, the By Title qualitative and quantitative activity of the chitinase enzyme; and secondly, biochemical identification of the bacteria. The quantitative chitinase enzyme activity is measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer UV-Vis at the wavelength at 660 nm. The chitinase enzyme is obtained from the isolation of chitinolytic bacteria cultured within a media to grow solid chitin, which contains colloidal chitin substrate as chitinase inductor at the temperature of 30°C. The highest DONATIONS chitinolytic activity is obtained from the 24 h supernatant culture, with a value of enzyme activity at 0.149 U/mL. Macroscopic and microscopic identification showed that the chitinolytic bacteria isolate R1, whereas the biochemical cell FONT SIZE shows the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. Keywords: biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotomet er, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5273
Citation: Sulistijowati R, Sudin, Harmain R M. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria INFORMATION isolated of swimmer crab’s cell. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 228–231. For Readers For Authors For Librarians Keywords Journal Help biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotometer, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas
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Zhu M M, He H J, Fan M T, Ma H J, Ren H W, Zeng J, et al. Application and optimization of solid-state fermentation process for enhancing polygalacturonase production by Penicillium expansum. Int J Agri & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(6): 187– 194.
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2021-2023 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office 228 May, 2021 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at https://www.ijabe.org Vol. 14 No. 3
Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell
Rieny Sulistijowati*, Sudin, Rita Marsuci Harmain (Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Central City of Gorontalo, 96128, Indonesia)
Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the chitinase enzyme activity produced by chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and identification of the genus isolate. This study consists of two stages: firstly, the qualitative and quantitative activity of the chitinase enzyme; and secondly, biochemical identification of the bacteria. The quantitative chitinase enzyme activity is measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer UV-Vis at the wavelength at 660 nm. The chitinase enzyme is obtained from the isolation of chitinolytic bacteria cultured within a media to grow solid chitin, which contains colloidal chitin substrate as chitinase inductor at the temperature of 30°C. The highest chitinolytic activity is obtained from the 24 h supernatant culture, with a value of enzyme activity at 0.149 U/mL. Macroscopic and microscopic identification showed that the chitinolytic bacteria isolate R1, whereas the biochemical cell shows the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. Keywords: biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotometer, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5273
Citation: Sulistijowati R, Sudin, Harmain R M. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 228–231.
[2] alkali, such as HCl and NaOH . 1 Introduction Arbia et al.[3] isolate chitinolytic bacteria to produce several The earth chitin is among the most abundant biomass present. bacteria, one of which was Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria Chitinase plays an important role in the decomposition of chitin isolated from crab’s cell. The production of chitinase enzyme and potentially in the utilization of chitin as a renewable resource. from Aspergillus niger utilized the blue swimmer crab’s waste as [4] The implementation of biotechnology toward chitin, which keeps inducer . Protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187, progressing, is the utilization of enzymes from microorganisms for the highest protease activity was as high as 21.2 U/mL, 10-fold that [5] biodegradation. In biodegradation, an enzyme derived from (2.2 U/mL) obtained before optimization . In common with all microorganisms breaks large molecule or chitin polymer into enzymes, external factors such as temperature, pH and type of utilizable products. In general, types of an enzyme that degraded media are important for the activity, catalytic efficiency, stability [6] the chitin are chitinase enzyme[1]. and proper functioning of proteases . Chitinase activity of Microorganisms that degraded chitin, in general, are those isolates chitinolytic bacteria can degrade different chitins. derived from bacteria group. Chitinase enzyme produced by The needs for the chitin derivatives are increasing. Thus, chitinolytic bacteria has the potential to degrade chitin due to the researches on chitinase enzyme activity through the isolation of existence of the chitinase enzyme, which enables the conversion of bacteria from the blue swimmer crab is needed. Two isolates abundantly available chitin into usable products. The bacteria that chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of blue swimmer crab were produce chitinase enzyme or chitinolytic bacteria can be found observed primarily in Katialada village of Kwandang sub-district of within the habitat that contains a high level of chitin, such as in the North Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province of Indonesia. The cell of the blue swimmer crab. Blue swimmer crab’s cell results obtained from the purification process following 48 h (Portunus pelagicus) can be obtained from the processing waste or incubation in the temperature of 30°C shows a clear zone that [7] fresh. Chitinase enzyme application can be informed of formed in the colony of the bacteria . However, specific zones enzymatic production of chitin. The chitin can be produced are only found in white and light brown-colored bacteria. enzymatically and chemically. The enzymatic method uses Furthermore, these two isolates are macroscopically and enzymes or bacteria for deproteinization by adding enzyme or by microscopically identified. The R1 isolate shows a white-colored the involvement of chitinase to degrade chitin. Meanwhile, the colony; meanwhile, the R2 isolate shows a light brown-colored chemical process is through demineralization by adding acid or colony. Meanwhile, from the shape/form and elevation of the colony, there are no differences between isolates R1 and R2, both Received date: 2019-12-25 Accepted date: 2020-06-29 colonies have a circular shape and convex elevation. The result of Biographies: Sudin, Junior Scientist, research interest: marine biotechnology, gram staining in these two chitinolytic bacteria isolates R1 and R2 Email: [email protected]; Rita Marsuci Harmain, Research Assistant, shows the gram-negative result. This is signified by changes of research interest: marine microbiology, Email: [email protected]. color of these two isolates into the red after the gram staining. *Corresponding author: Rieny Sulistijowati, Associate Professor, research The study shows that CI 11 of the R1 isolate has the largest interest: biotechnology process. Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia, Chitinolytic Index by one, the chitinolytic index shows the ability Central City of Gorontalo, Sudirman Street No. 06, Postal Code 96128. Tel: of the microbes to degrade chitin. The more enzyme produced, +62-435-821125, Email: [email protected]. the wider the clear zone produced as more chitin is degraded. May, 2021 Sulistijowati R, et al. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell Vol. 14 No.3 229
This is due to the type of bacteria growth pattern and enzyme to produce H2S which signified by the existence of black sediment activity needs to be known to have a good degrading ability. was observed; Oxidation/fermentation (O/F) test was inoculating Therefore, this study aimed at testing the produced chitinase the bacteria into the O/F medium, which incubated for 24 h in the activity and identification chitinase producer bacteria of blue temperature of 30°C, then observe the ability of the bacteria to use swimmer crab. carbohydrate through fermentation or oxidation; TSIA (triple sugar iron agar) test was inoculating bacteria into TSIA media, which 2 Methods and materials incubated for 24-48 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the ability of 2.1 Station and laboratory the bacteria in fermenting glucose, lactose, and sucrose was Isolate R1 was obtained from fresh blue swimmer crab’s cells observed; Indole test was inoculating bacteria into indole media, which came from the crabs’ farmer in Katialada village of which incubated for 24 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the Kwandang sub-district of North Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo ability of bacteria in degrading the tryptophan amino acid in the Province of Indonesia. The identification biochemical test of the medium was observed. chitinolytic bacteria were carried out at the Fish Quarantine Station 3 Results and discussion Laboratory Quality Control and Fisheries Product Security Class I Gorontalo Province of Indonesia, and the chitinolytic bacteria 3.1 Quantitative activity of the chitinolytic bacteria enzyme enzyme activity test are carried out at the Pharmaceutical The activity of the chitinolytic bacteria enzyme is essential to Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. be known to find out the ability of the bacteria to produce the 2.2 Materials enzyme in 33 h with an interval of 3 h. As shown in Figure 1, The tools used in this study were test tube, inoculum needle, there were several increasing and decreasing stages in chitinase vortex, measuring cup, beaker glass, Erlenmeyer, centrifuge, activity. The first inclination happened during the incubation time centrifuge tube, shaker, pH meter, micropipette, micro tip, stirrer, of 0 to 12 h. The second increase of the enzyme activity showed magnetic stabilizer, petri dish, oven, crooked spoon, Bunsen lamp, that the substrate was starting to be hydrolyzed to produce the incubator, laminar air, analytical scales, UV-vis spectrophotometer, chitinase enzyme. Hence, bacteria could digest nutrition. Patil and microscope. et al.[11] found that bacteria produce extracellular chitinase to take Materials used in this study were R1 isolated of blue swimmer on nutrition. Following this inclination, there is the first declining crab’s cell, chitin, chitin colloidal (chitin, condensed HCl, NaOH, phase on the 15th to the 18th hour of incubation. The decrease of distillate water), chitin agar (chitin colloidal, KH2PO4, this enzyme activity is due to other compounds (aside from N-Acetyl MgSO4·7H2O, yeast extract, agar, distillate water), Luria broth glucosamine) that triggers the decrease of enzyme production. (yeast extract, tryptone water, NaCl, distillate water), nutrient agar, aluminum foil, alcohol, crystal violet, iodine solution, glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, triple sugar iron agar, motility indole ornithine, oxidative/fermentative, methyl red-Voges Proskauer, methyl-red, and sterile liquid paraffin. 2.3 Quantitative activity of chitinase enzyme test One dose of inoculum was added into 100 mL of production medium (similar composition to a solid medium, but without agar) then incubated in the temperature of 30°C and centrifuged in the speed of 170 r/min. Every three hours, 2 mL of cell culture was sampled for 33 h. Then centrifuged in the temperature of 4°C using Figure 1 Chitinase activity curve from Pseudomonas 10.000 r/min speed for 10 min, the formed supernatant was the raw extract of chitinase enzyme. The absorbance is then measured This phenomenon is due to the existence of other chitin-degrading using spectrophotometer UV/Vis in wavelength of 660 nm[8], the enzymes produced by the bacteria. Colloidal chitin also can be sample was carried out twice repetitions. hydrolyzed by deacetylating chitin produced by chitosan and [12] 2.4 Biochemical test chitosanase which produce chitobiose . Following this The biochemical test was carried out to identify and classify declining phase, the chitinase activity climbs up in the incubation st bacteria into their group of taxonomy. The principle of this time of the 21 hour to its highest chitinase activity can be obtained th biochemical test is that if the bacteria are cultured in several media, from the supernatant culture in the incubation of time of the 24 the bacteria show macroscopic differences in their growth[9,10]. hour, which stated with the value of enzyme activity of 0.149 U/mL. Carbohydrate fermentation test was to find out the bacteria’s ability One unit of chitinase enzyme activity is defined as several enzymes in fermenting carbohydrate by preparing the carbohydrate broth needed to release 1 mmol NAG/min. This result is different from [8] which consists of glucose, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol; MR-VP the result of the enzymes activity test carried out by Purkan et al. th (methyl red-Voges Proskauer) test was to inoculate bacteria into a who found that the highest enzyme activity was in the 18 hour of medium, which incubated in the temperature of 30°C for 24 h by incubation time, which stated with the value of enzyme activity of adding methyl red reagent and KOH, to observe the bacteria ability 0.3850 U/mL. Moreover the ability of the bacteria to produce in producing the mix acid and acetylenes; Citrate test was chitinase highly varied. Factors such as different types of bacteria, inoculating bacteria into a medium and incubated in the the growth rate of each isolate in the medium, temperature, pH or temperature of 30°C for 24 h by adding bromothymol blue (BTB) laboratory treatment during the experiment can be factors that reagent, then the ability of the bacteria to use citrate as the only influence variation in the produced enzyme activity[13,14]. source of carbon was observed; H2S test was to inoculate the Chitinase activity was 0.213 and 0.219 U/mL respectively of PBK 2 bacteria into sulfide indole motility (SIM) which incubated for and SA 1.2 isolates from shrimp waste. Based on 16S rDNA 24-48 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the ability of the bacteria sequences, isolate of PBK 2 was identified as Acinetobacter 230 May, 2021 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at https://www.ijabe.org Vol. 14 No. 3 johnsonii 3-1, whereas SA 1.2 was identified as Bacillus Table 1 Biochemical characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria amyloliquefaciens GR53 with 99.78% similarity[15]. isolate R1 The rebound of enzyme activity shows that there is more of the No Test Results substrate being hydrolyzed. The chitinase enzyme activity is 1 Glucose fermentation Negative steadily increasing until it reaches optimum incubation time. 2 Sucrose fermentation Negative Following the reach of this optimum incubation time, the enzyme 3 Lactose fermentation Negative activity decreases due to the accumulation of hydrolyzed products, 4 Maltose fermentation Negative which can further inhibit the enzyme activity. This is 5 Mannitol fermentation Negative characterized by the decrease of enzyme activity on the incubation 6 Citrate use Negative time of hour 27 to hour 33. The decrease of chitinase enzyme 7 Sulfide indole motility Negative activity after the optimum incubation time is due to the changes in 8 Triple sugar iron agar Alkaline/Alkaline the state of the enzyme ion and the state of substrate ion which 9 Methyl red reaction Negative caused denaturation of enzyme which followed by the loose of 10 Voges Proskauer reaction Negative enzyme catalytic activity[12]. Besides, there are also change in the 11 Indole production Negative tertiary structure of the enzyme due to denaturation, which made 12 Oxidase/Fermentative action Negative the hydrophobic amino acid group within the enzyme come into contact with water, thus, the solubility of the enzyme weakens. Fermentation test in several types of carbohydrate (glucose, The decrease of chitinase solubility causes a gradual decrease in maltose, sucrose, mannitol, lactose) shows that all fermentation enzyme activity. reaction is negative. This is characterized by the unchanging red Chitinolytic bacteria isolates showed unstable chitinase activity color of the carbohydrate media. When the color of the medium (fluctuate). This may be due to the isolate that produces the in the carbohydrate test turns into yellow, it means that the colony [10] chitinase at the beginning of its growth[13]. In line with the forms acid from that carbohydrate . utilization of nutrition for growth, it is also suspected that chitinase A citrate test was carried out to find out the ability of the is also used by bacteria as a source of protein, thus its chitinase chitinolytic bacteria isolates to utilize citrate as the only source of activity decreases. carbon and energy. When a microorganism can use citrate, there The decrease of enzyme activity can also be caused by factors will be an increase of pH and change in the color of the media into such as temperature, pH, substrate and biomass during treatment in blue color. In this study, the citrate test reveals that the chitinolytic the laboratory. The temperature has two main influences on the bacteria cannot utilize citrate as the only source of carbon. This is reaction and the denaturation. The influence of reaction toward the shown by the unchanging green color of the media, which means enzyme is that the increase of temperature will accelerate the that the test result is negative. Positive test results in the citrate test [16] reaction process, while the decrease in the temperature will cause are shown when the color changes from green to blue . the reaction to slow down. When the temperature reaches a certain Further, the H2S test result in SIM is negative. This negative limit, it will cause denaturation. Besides, when the pH of the result is reached when microorganism has no ability to hydrolyzed environment is too acid or base, enzyme denaturation can also heavy metal within the media. H2S is produced by several types happen. Reaction speed catalyzed by the enzyme is highly of microorganisms, which can break or degrade amino acid within influenced by substrate concentration. In the low level of the sulfur (S). The existence of H2S can be observed by adding substrate concentration, reaction speed by catalyzed by the enzyme several crystals of heavy metals into the media. can also be very low. In reverse, reaction speed will increase along The reaction observable in the TSIA test shows a red color, with the increase of substrate concentrate up to certain points that is which means that there is no change of color in both vertical and the maximum reaction speed limit. When this saturated point of slight agar. This indicates that the bacteria are unable to ferment the enzyme has been reached, it will not function properly. Lastly, sugar. In the vertical agar if the bacteria can ferment glucose, the the number of bacteria inoculum (biomass) inserted into the media color of the media will change from red to yellow[17]. Whereas in also strongly influence the enzyme activity. slight agar, if the bacteria can ferment lactose and sucrose, the 3.2 Biochemical test color of the media will change into yellow, meanwhile, when there The biochemical test toward the characteristics of chitinolytic is no fermentation process of lactose and sucrose, the color will not bacteria was carried out by fermenting bacteria in the various change. sources of nutrition as shown in Figure 2. The biochemical test Methyl red test also reveals a negative result. This is shown result of chitinolytic bacteria is presented in Table 1. by the unchanging color of the media which does not change into yellow even after the addition of methyl red reagent. The red colour signifies the positive test result, and if the color of the broth is yellow, then the result of the test is negative[16]. Similarly, the Voges Proskauer test also shows a negative result. This is evident after the addition of the KOH solution; the color does not change. The Voges Proskauer test will be stated as positive when there is a form of acid, which signifies by the changes of medium color into pink after the KOH solution is added. Meanwhile, the indole test also shows a negative result. This result is obtained after the reagent Kovac is added, which signify by the formation of a yellow ring. The existence of indole is detected by Kovac reagent and the Figure 2 Isolate R1 (10×100 magnification) formation of a red ring. May, 2021 Sulistijowati R, et al. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell Vol. 14 No.3 231
The objective of the oxidizing fermentative test is to find out Biotechnol, 2013; 51(1): 12–25. the oxidation and fermentation characteristics of bacteria toward [4] Purkan P, Baktir A, Sayyidah A R. Production of chitinase enzyme from aspergillus niger utilizing the blue swimmer crab’s waste as inducer/ glucose. Based on the result of the study on the O/F test, it does Produksi enzim kitinase dari Aspergillus niger menggunakan limbah not show either oxidation or fermentation. This is evident when cangkang rajungan sebagai induser. Journal Kimia Riset, 2016; 1(1): the media, either without liquid paraffin or without paraffin at all, 34–38. (in Indonesian) do not change color. Bacteria are said to be fermentative when [5] Oh Y S, Shih L, Tzeng Y M, Wang S L. Protease produced by both inoculated media change color into yellow. Bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 and its application in the deproteinization of shrimp and crab shell waste. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2000; oxidative when tube sealed with no paraffin changes color into 27(1-2): 3–10. [18] yellow and the tube sealed with paraffin does not change color . [6] Homaei A, Lavajoo F, Sariri R. Development of marine biotechnology as The morphology test result (macroscopic and microscopic tests) a resource for novel proteases and their role in modern biotechnology. of chitinolytic bacteria have bar cell and gram-negative[9]. The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016; 88: 542–552. [7] Sudin, Sulistijowati R, Harmain R M. Screening and growth pattern biochemical test of the chitinolytic bacteria consists of chitinolytic bacteria of blue swimmer crab’s cell/ Penapisan dan pola carbohydrate, citrate, sulfide indole motility, triple sugar iron agar, pertumbuhan bakteri kitinolitik dari cangkang rajungan. Jambura Fish MR-VP, indole and O/F test should obtain negative results as Processing Journal, 2020; 2(1): 36–45. 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Chitinolytic enzymes: An [19] cell shape and gram-negative. A study by Wang et al. isolated exploration. Journal Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2000; 26: 473–483. Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 known produced two bifungtional [12] Fukamizo T. Chitinolytic enzyme: Catalysis, substrate binding, and their chitinase and lysozyme. Thompson et al.[20] found that application. Journal Current Protein & Peptide Science, 2000; 1(1): 105–124. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 385 produced chitinase antigen. [13] Orinda E, Puspita I D, Putra M P, Ustadi U, Lelana, I Y B. Chitinolytic enzyme activity of isolate SDI23 from petis and the activity of its partially 4 Conclusions purified enzyme in different pH and temperature (Aktivitas enzim This study concludes chitinolytic bacteria isolated from blue pendegradasi kitin dari isolat SDI23 asal petis serta karakterisasi ph dan suhu dan aktivitas enzim hasil purivikasi parsial. Jurnal Perikanan). J. 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