[ 1987 ] Part 2 Chapter 4 the United Nations Educational, Scientific And
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1212 Intergovernmental organizations Chapter IV United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and courses for educational planners and administra- Cultural Organization (UNESCO) continued tors, primary-school staff and literacy and post- throughout 1987 its activities aimed at promoting literacy workers, and published four issues of the co-operation among nations through education, bulletin Alpha 2000 in English, French and Por- natural and social sciences, culture and commu- tuguese. The second meeting of the Intergovern- nication. mental Regional Committee for the Major Pro- During the year, the membership of UNESCO ject in the Field of Education in Latin America remained at 158. Associate membership increased and the Caribbean (Bogota, Colombia, 24-28 to three with the admission of Aruba on 20 March) confirmed the system of networks and an October. information system as the major methods by which The twenty-fourth session of the UNESCO the regional plan of action would tackle illiteracy. General Conference was held at UNESCO head- Activities concerning adult education included quarters in Paris from 20 October to 20 Novem- workshops and seminars on training methods and ber. The Conference adopted a draft programme pilot projects to establish adult education centres. for an international literacy year—subsequently During 1986-1987, 41 travel grants were awarded proclaimed by the United Nations General Assem- to educators from 36 member States, one third of bly as 1990—as well as proposals for a plan of ac- whom were women. tion to eradicate illiteracy by the year 2000. The Action to promote access to all types and levels Conference appointed Federico Mayor of Spain to of education in rural areas focused on promoting a six-year term as Director-General of UNESCO. the role of village schools and increasing the con- He took up office on 16 November 1987, succeed- tribution of general and specialized education— ing Amadou Mahtar M’Bow of Senegal who had agricultural and technical—to socio-economic de- served in that position since 1974. velopment. Instructional materials were prepared and disseminated and workshops organized to de- Education velop and test curricula on technologies adapted In 1987, UNESCO’s major programmes focused to rural areas. During 1986-1987, training on education for all; the formulation and applica- programmes were organized for some 350 agricul- tion of education policies; and education, train- tural science teachers, agricultural extension work- ing and society. ers, project managers, teacher trainers, commu- In December, the General Assembly, acting on nity development specialists and other educational a recommendation by the Economic and Social personnel from 11 member States in Africa, the Council, proclaimed 1990 as International Liter- Arab States, Asia and the Pacific and Latin acy Year (see p. 653). America and the Caribbean. Also during the bien- In its fight against illiteracy, UNESCO launched nium, training courses were organized with insti- on 23 February 1987 the Asia-Pacific Programme tutions and professional associations of agricultural of Education for All (APPEAL). The first issue of education for some 220 specialists. the APPEAL newsletter was issued at the beginning To promote equality of educational opportunity of the year and a regional workshop of APPEAL na- for girls and women, meetings and seminars were tional co-ordinators (Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19- held to identify obstacles. Projects, seminars and 29 August) was hosted by the Thai National Com- training focused on access by girls to primary, secon- mission. During the year, an international sym- dary, technical and vocational education; higher posium was held for reflection on the preparation education in science and technology; and partici- of an international literacy year (Ulan Bator, Mon- pation of parents in their children’s education. Special golia, 24-29 May). Work continued on establish- training programmes were organized in four member ing a regional programme for the universalization States for girls who had left school prematurely. and renewal of primary education and the eradi- UNESCO also promoted measures to intensify ex- cation of adult illiteracy in the Arab States. The isting education and training activities for disabled regional programme for the eradication of illiter- persons, refugees, national liberation movements acy in Africa held workshops, seminars and and migrant workers and their families. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1213 Under the programme on the formulation and training courses for 188 participants in 15 mem- application of education policies, the Sixth Regional ber States and meetings for 117 informatics Conference of Ministers of Education and Those specialists in more than 10 member States. Responsible for Economic Planning of Member The Second Conference of Ministers Respon- States in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bogota, sible for the Application of Science and Technol- 30 March-4 April) adopted a declaration and 27 ogy to Development in Africa (Arusha, United recommendations. The declaration focused on the Republic of Tanzania, 6-15 July) met to determine relationship between the development of education ways of directing science and technology policies and economic and social progress. The Conference towards meeting the socio-economic needs of Afri- reaffirmed that priority should be given to public can communities, particularly rural ones. The spending on education and that its administration Conference adopted the Kilimanjaro Declaration should be more stringent. Activities during 1986- and 15 recommendations, including one on the 1987 included training for 38 trainees with the as- implementation of the special programme of sistance of the International Institute for Educa- assistance to Africa in science and technology tional Planning. UNESCO also organized 60 courses, research. workshops and seminars for some 1,500 educational The International Geological Correlation Pro- planners and administrators from more than 80 gramme, with 83 established national committees, member States. Other activities sought to promote continued to stimulate international collaboration educational sciences. in the earth sciences through its 51 research Activities dealing with the interaction between projects in 122 countries. The geology for devel- education and society aimed at improving the opment project focused on applied geological stud- teaching of science and technology; integrating ies of special interest for regional socio-economic productive work into general education curricula; development, with particular attention given to promoting physical education and sport; and in- reinforcing interregional co-operation between tegrating training and research activities. geoscientists from West Africa and Latin America involved in the study of pre-Cambrian zones. Ac- Natural sciences tivities concerning natural hazards included UNESCO continued contributing to interna- projects aimed at establishing or reinforcing tional co-operation in science and technology for hazard-monitoring network systems, particularly development. Training and research courses and earthquakes and volcanoes, in various parts of the workshops and seminars for specialists, many from world. Post-disaster investigations were conducted developing countries, were organized on various on several occasions. mathematical topics, physics, chemistry, biology, Under the Man and the Biosphere Programme biotechnology and informatics. In collaboration (MAB), the MAB International Co-ordinating with national universities and institutions and non- Council identified four new lines of research: eco- governmental organizations (NGOs), a symposium system functioning under different intensities of on innovative methods in technological education human impact; management and restoration of was held for over 200 teachers and planners in en- human-impacted resources; human investment gineering education and technician training; the and resource use; and human response to environ- symposium was preceded by a series of prepara- mental stress. The MAB Council made suggestions tory regional workshops and training seminars in concerning the substance and future development Africa, the Arab States, Asia and Latin America. of these research topics to supplement the 14 ex- Other activities for engineers included postgradu- isting international research themes within MAB. ate courses and the publication of studies. Courses, During the year the network of biosphere reserves conferences and exhibitions were organized and expanded and various research and training ac- pilot projects undertaken in renewable energies; tivities took place. study grants were provided for Asian energy in- The International Hydrological Programme formation specialists. (IHP) continued its third phase (1984-1989). Concerning informatics, activities included Postgraduate courses in hydrology and water training seminars and courses, pilot projects, fel- resources were sponsored, mainly for par- lowships and study and travel grants. The first ticipants from developing countries, and several meeting of the Bureau of the Intergovernmental seminars, training courses and workshops were Committee for the Intergovernmental Informatics offered. The Third UNESCO/world Meteorologi- Programme (Sofia, Bulgaria, 17 and 18 May) ex- cal Organization International Conference on amined 28