1212 Intergovernmental organizations

Chapter IV United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and courses for educational planners and administra- Cultural Organization (UNESCO) continued tors, primary-school staff and literacy and post- throughout 1987 its activities aimed at promoting literacy workers, and published four issues of the co-operation among nations through education, bulletin Alpha 2000 in English, French and Por- natural and social sciences, culture and commu- tuguese. The second meeting of the Intergovern- nication. mental Regional Committee for the Major Pro- During the year, the membership of UNESCO ject in the Field of Education in Latin America remained at 158. Associate membership increased and the Caribbean (Bogota, , 24-28 to three with the admission of on 20 March) confirmed the system of networks and an October. information system as the major methods by which The twenty-fourth session of the UNESCO the regional plan of action would tackle illiteracy. General Conference was held at UNESCO head- Activities concerning adult education included quarters in from 20 October to 20 Novem- workshops and seminars on training methods and ber. The Conference adopted a draft programme pilot projects to establish adult education centres. for an international literacy year—subsequently During 1986-1987, 41 travel grants were awarded proclaimed by the United Nations General Assem- to educators from 36 member States, one third of bly as 1990—as well as proposals for a plan of ac- whom were women. tion to eradicate illiteracy by the year 2000. The Action to promote access to all types and levels Conference appointed Federico Mayor of to of education in rural areas focused on promoting a six-year term as Director-General of UNESCO. the role of village schools and increasing the con- He took up office on 16 November 1987, succeed- tribution of general and specialized education— ing Amadou Mahtar M’Bow of who had agricultural and technical—to socio-economic de- served in that position since 1974. velopment. Instructional materials were prepared and disseminated and workshops organized to de- Education velop and test curricula on technologies adapted In 1987, UNESCO’s major programmes focused to rural areas. During 1986-1987, training on education for all; the formulation and applica- programmes were organized for some 350 agricul- tion of education policies; and education, train- tural science teachers, agricultural extension work- ing and society. ers, project managers, teacher trainers, commu- In December, the General Assembly, acting on nity development specialists and other educational a recommendation by the Economic and Social personnel from 11 member States in Africa, the Council, proclaimed 1990 as International Liter- Arab States, Asia and the Pacific and Latin acy Year (see p. 653). America and the Caribbean. Also during the bien- In its fight against illiteracy, UNESCO launched nium, training courses were organized with insti- on 23 February 1987 the Asia-Pacific Programme tutions and professional associations of agricultural of Education for All (APPEAL). The first issue of education for some 220 specialists. the APPEAL newsletter was issued at the beginning To promote equality of educational opportunity of the year and a regional workshop of APPEAL na- for girls and women, meetings and seminars were tional co-ordinators (Chiang Mai, , 19- held to identify obstacles. Projects, seminars and 29 August) was hosted by the Thai National Com- training focused on access by girls to primary, secon- mission. During the year, an international sym- dary, technical and vocational education; higher posium was held for reflection on the preparation education in science and technology; and partici- of an international literacy year (Ulan Bator, Mon- pation of parents in their children’s education. Special golia, 24-29 May). Work continued on establish- training programmes were organized in four member ing a regional programme for the universalization States for girls who had left school prematurely. and renewal of primary education and the eradi- UNESCO also promoted measures to intensify ex- cation of adult illiteracy in the Arab States. The isting education and training activities for disabled regional programme for the eradication of illiter- persons, refugees, national liberation movements acy in Africa held workshops, seminars and and migrant workers and their families. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1213

Under the programme on the formulation and training courses for 188 participants in 15 mem- application of education policies, the Sixth Regional ber States and meetings for 117 informatics Conference of Ministers of Education and Those specialists in more than 10 member States. Responsible for Economic Planning of Member The Second Conference of Ministers Respon- States in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bogota, sible for the Application of Science and Technol- 30 March-4 April) adopted a declaration and 27 ogy to Development in Africa (Arusha, United recommendations. The declaration focused on the Republic of , 6-15 July) met to determine relationship between the development of education ways of directing science and technology policies and economic and social progress. The Conference towards meeting the socio-economic needs of Afri- reaffirmed that priority should be given to public can communities, particularly rural ones. The spending on education and that its administration Conference adopted the Kilimanjaro Declaration should be more stringent. Activities during 1986- and 15 recommendations, including one on the 1987 included training for 38 trainees with the as- implementation of the special programme of sistance of the International Institute for Educa- assistance to Africa in science and technology tional Planning. UNESCO also organized 60 courses, research. workshops and seminars for some 1,500 educational The International Geological Correlation Pro- planners and administrators from more than 80 gramme, with 83 established national committees, member States. Other activities sought to promote continued to stimulate international collaboration educational sciences. in the earth sciences through its 51 research Activities dealing with the interaction between projects in 122 countries. The geology for devel- education and society aimed at improving the opment project focused on applied geological stud- teaching of science and technology; integrating ies of special interest for regional socio-economic productive work into general education curricula; development, with particular attention given to promoting physical education and sport; and in- reinforcing interregional co-operation between tegrating training and research activities. geoscientists from West Africa and Latin America involved in the study of pre-Cambrian zones. Ac- Natural sciences tivities concerning natural hazards included UNESCO continued contributing to interna- projects aimed at establishing or reinforcing tional co-operation in science and technology for hazard-monitoring network systems, particularly development. Training and research courses and earthquakes and volcanoes, in various parts of the workshops and seminars for specialists, many from world. Post-disaster investigations were conducted developing countries, were organized on various on several occasions. mathematical topics, physics, chemistry, biology, Under the Man and the Biosphere Programme biotechnology and informatics. In collaboration (MAB), the MAB International Co-ordinating with national universities and institutions and non- Council identified four new lines of research: eco- governmental organizations (NGOs), a symposium system functioning under different intensities of on innovative methods in technological education human impact; management and restoration of was held for over 200 teachers and planners in en- human-impacted resources; human investment gineering education and technician training; the and resource use; and human response to environ- symposium was preceded by a series of prepara- mental stress. The MAB Council made suggestions tory regional workshops and training seminars in concerning the substance and future development Africa, the Arab States, Asia and Latin America. of these research topics to supplement the 14 ex- Other activities for engineers included postgradu- isting international research themes within MAB. ate courses and the publication of studies. Courses, During the year the network of biosphere reserves conferences and exhibitions were organized and expanded and various research and training ac- pilot projects undertaken in renewable energies; tivities took place. study grants were provided for Asian energy in- The International Hydrological Programme formation specialists. (IHP) continued its third phase (1984-1989). Concerning informatics, activities included Postgraduate courses in hydrology and water training seminars and courses, pilot projects, fel- resources were sponsored, mainly for par- lowships and study and travel grants. The first ticipants from developing countries, and several meeting of the Bureau of the Intergovernmental seminars, training courses and workshops were Committee for the Intergovernmental Informatics offered. The Third UNESCO/world Meteorologi- Programme (Sofia, , 17 and 18 May) ex- cal Organization International Conference on amined 28 projects. During 1986-1987, the UNES- Hydrology and the Scientific Bases of Water CO regional office for science and technology in Resources Management (Geneva, 16-21 March) Latin America and the Caribbean at Montevideo, discussed ensuring complementarity between the , conducted studies on the introduction programmes and offered suggestions for IHP’s of software in five member States and organized fourth phase (1990-1995). 1214 Intergovernmental organizations

The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- flict held at the University of Uppsala (, mission continued its programmes, which included 7 April-3 June). During the year, the first Réper- ocean dynamics and climate, ocean science in re- toire des institutions d’enseignement et de recherche en droit lation to living and non-living resources, marine international was published, as was The Treatment of pollution research and monitoring, ocean map- Prisoners under International Law. The 1987 UNESCO ping, ocean observation and warning systems, and Prize for Peace Education was shared between the marine data and information exchange. journalist/writer Laurence Deonna () In the marine sciences, UNESCO emphasized and the Servicio Paz y Justicia en America La- improving university teaching through training tina, an ecumenical non-violent organization courses, meetings and seminars and through fel- founded in 1971 concerned with education for lowships and travel grants. UNESCO projects on peace, consciousness raising, educational activi- coral reefs, mangrove areas, coastal lagoons and ties relating to human and peoples’ rights and the coastal ecosystems continued throughout the year. training of community leaders. As part of its contribution to the International The UNESCO Associated Schools Project con- Year of Shelter for the Homeless (1987) (see tinued to promote international education at the p. 715), UNESCO worked towards the improve- national, regional and international levels. In 1987, ment of living conditions in poor housing areas the project included some 2,150 institutions in 97 through training programmes for architects, town countries. planners and community development specialists Activities to combat prejudice, intolerance, ra- and encouraged projects to rehabilitate housing cism and apartheid included studies and workshops, in historic centres and their surrounding districts. teacher training and exchange and revision of school Information on environmental education was textbooks to eliminate discriminatory features. A promoted in member States through various in- meeting held in Paris (30 March-2 April) exam- stitutions to develop the human resources neces- ined studies undertaken by , and sary for such education, and through the dissemi- on practical measures to ensure the full nation of scientific information on the rational use exercise of cultural rights within multilingual, mul- of natural resources relevant to UNESCO's environ- ticonfessional or multicultural nations. UNESCO mental programme. The International Congress sponsored a subregional workshop on combating on Environmental Education and Training prejudice and intolelance through research and edu- (Moscow, 17-21 August), jointly organized by cation (Bridgetown, , April). UNESCO and the United Nations Environment Activities for youth continued to promote the Programme, decided on policy lines for future ac- development of sport, particularly for youth in tion and finalized an international strategy of ac- rural areas; to expand voluntary work among tion for the 1990s. The Congress also recom- young people; and to train leaders of youth organi- mended that the 1990s be proclaimed the world zations through the awarding of travel grants. decade for environmental action. The status of women programme included the compilation of statistics on the participation of Social sciences men and women in meetings organized by In 1987, UNESCO continued emphasizing the UNESCO or with its assistance, in order to draw development of social and human sciences. to the attention of the UNESCO secretariat and An international meeting of specialists in the so- member States the need for more vigorous efforts cial and human sciences (Paris, 14-18 December) to achieve a better balance. UNESCO also focused considered ways to strengthen international co- on developing co-operation with the United Na- operation in those sciences. The work of the meet- tions system, with a view to co-ordinating the im- plementation of the 1985 Nairobi Forward-looking ing, which was attended by 30 participants and a 50 observers, revolved around three themes: the Strategies for the Advancement of Women. social and human sciences and the challenges of modernity and development; interdisciplinarity in Culture these sciences and their interface with the life Implementation of international campaigns for sciences and the natural sciences; and activities to the safeguarding of cultural heritage was pursued promote the global development of the social and throughout 1987. One new campaign was human sciences, especially in developing regions, launched to safeguard the architectural complex and to strengthen international co-operation. of San Francisco de Lima (). Activities were UNESCO organized a meeting of 12 experts carried out in regard to the 22 campaigns in pro- from various regions on the role of the interna- gress and in relation to 7 others approved by the tional community in international relations, public UNESCO General Conference. international law and international co-operation and understanding (Valletta, , 30 June-3 July), and supported a course on peace and con- aYUN 1985, p. 937. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1215

Preparations were made for the launching of the artists in a technological era, and folk dances and World Decade for Cultural Development (1988- their adaptation to the modern stage. Support was 1997). The plan of action for the Decade and a given to NGOs and member States through the practical guide were finalized; statutes of the In- Participation Programme for seminars, training tergovernmental Committee for the Decade were courses, art and film festivals, research projects, drawn up and a permanent secretariat of the Dec- film production and artistic publication. Fellow- ade established. ships and study grants were also granted to young The World Heritage Committee, established artists. The UNESCO/International Music Coun- under the 1972 Convention concerning the Pro- cil Prize for Music was awarded to Henri Dutilleux tection of the World Cultural and Natural Heri- () and Daniel Barenboim (). The tage, held its eleventh session (Paris, 7-11 Decem- UNESCO Prize for Architecture was awarded to ber). It inscribed 41 additional sites on the World Somsri Kriwattanapong (Thailand) and to King Heritage List, thus raising to 288 the number of Monghut’s Institute of Technology (Thailand). cultural and natural properties protected by the Convention, to which 100 States were parties at Communications the end of 1987. Efforts continued to promote pub- In 1987, UNESCO continued to focus on lic awareness of the Convention’s objectives and stimulating research of the socio-cultural impact to encourage contributions to the World Heritage of new communication technologies; encouraging Fund, which supports training activities and resto- information exchanges and intellectual co- ration work on World Heritage sites. operation on communications issues; and the Studies continued on African, Latin American, strengthening of communication research and Caribbean, Asian and Islamic cultures. In 1987, documentation capacities. the first volume of the General History of Africa was A chronological survey of documents on the new published in Italian and the seventh volume in world information and communication order, seen French and Spanish. An abridged edition of the as an evolving and continuous process, was pub- first volume was published in Korean and of the lished, as was a study of the existing situations and second volume in French. Translations of literary legal framework for communication and informa- works written in less widely spoken languages were tion exchange within and between countries with published in the UNESCO Collection of Representative different socio-political systems. Works. Art reproductions were circulated as travel- UNESCO continued to examine obstacles hin- ling exhibitions, and records of traditional music dering a free flow and a wider and better balanced from several countries were produced. The yearly dissemination of information, and to strengthen bibliography of translations in the world, Index information exchange and professional collabora- Translationum, continued to be published. The quar- tion. Studies were undertaken on the role of the terly Museum was produced in English, French, media in promoting mutual respect, international Russian and Spanish. understanding and respect for human rights and A new programme for safeguarding the non- peace and in the elucidation of major world prob- physical heritage began to produce its first results lems, including the promotion of women’s access through the organization of a meeting in the Saami to and participation in communication. region of northern Scandinavia of representatives Regarding women’s access, particular attention of minority cultures, predominantly from indus- was given to training, especially in non-traditional trialized countries. fields such as electronic news gathering, photo- Support to member States for cultural develop- journalism, media management and economic and ment and policies continued through the en- political reporting. Ten workshops were organized couragement of wider participation in cultural life in Africa, the Arab States and Asia for women and through the training of personnel for cultural media professionals in various areas of commu- development. nication skills. In addition, in order to implement Activities to promote the arts were pursued in the 1985 Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for 1987 with the organization of a number of regional the Advancement of Women, a regional meeting symposia and workshops: graphic design for de- (Manila, , December) prepared a plan velopment (Africa); literature (Africa); contem- of activities for Asian women in the media until porary music (Asia and the Pacific); handicrafts the year 2000. UNESCO published Women and Media (Asia and the Arab region); visual arts and elec- Decision-making: The Invisible Barriers, a book present- tronic culture (Europe); contemporary theatre ing a comparative analysis of key issues, person- (Latin America and the Caribbean); and the use nel policies and practices of five broadcasting or- of video in the self-promotion of indigenous peo- ganizations in Canada, Ecuador, , and ples’ cultural values (North, Central and South and offering proposals to help women America). Colloquia were organized on the role overcome barriers to obtaining high-level posts in of art in architecture, protection of performing the media. 1216 Intergovernmental organizations

UNESCO organized the Intergovernmental Con- aimed at modernizing the management of ar- ference on Communication Policies in the Arab chives. Emphasis was placed on the integrated States (Khartoum, , 19-25 July), a training of information specialists, on the devel- ministerial conference attended by 54 delegates opment of postgraduate training and on the and 31 observers. The final report included the preparation of teaching materials and publi- Declaration of Khartoum and 15 recommenda- cations. tions containing proposals emerging from the Conference debate. Action for development The Intergovernmental Council of the Interna- Activities under the programme on principles, tional Programme for the Development of Com- methods and strategies for development focused munication (IPDC) (eighth session, Paris, 20-26 on improving knowledge of development January) approved $2.3 million from the IPDC processes and of integrated planning and evalua- Special Account for 71 communication projects. tion methods, paying particular attention to IPDC continued to support regional and national problems affecting women; the programme also news agencies, regional broadcasting unions and aimed to strengthen technical co-operation media training. Advisory missions were organized among developing countries (TCDC). UNESCO to assist in preparing projects for the development prepared and disseminated studies and publica- of community radio, news agencies, television and tions on development processes and organized an newspapers, and in the formulation of book and interregional symposium to analyse the differ- communication policies. ences between theoretical patterns and actual ex- Training programmes and materials on commu- perience in endogenous development (Paris, 7-11 nications continued to expand, with the partici- December). The integration of women’s issues in pation of national, regional and subregional in- development plans was the subject of a UNESCO stitutions. In 1987, IPDC provided assistance to the symposium (Paris, 5-9 October). UNESCO con- Africa Regional Film and Television Institute for tributed to the International Conference on a workshop on co-operation between film train- Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (Vienna, ing institutions in Africa and supplied training June) (see p. 900) and organized a three-day equipment. In , IPDC supported the estab- forum at its headquarters on problems related to lishment of a European communications satellite the use and abuse of drugs. In co-operation with broadcasting station and, in , supplied the International Social Science Council, equipment for a development-oriented feature UNESCO contributed to a subregional meeting of service for the rural press. It provided assistance experts on socio-cultural parameters of rural de- to improve studio production facilities at Radio velopment relating to security of food supply . Some 100 fellowships in news agency (Dakar, Senegal, 28 September-2 October). operations, television studio techniques, television Regional and interregional studies and surveys production, radio engineering and broadcasting, aimed to identify factors which helped or hin- printing technology, journalism, camera work and dered TCDC in UNESCO’s activities, and needs, film production were provided to participants from priority areas and specific actions for intellectual developing countries. and technical co-operation. During the year, action was taken to: increase During 1986-1987, UNESCO conducted 21 pro- the endogenous capacity of developing countries ject identification and preparation missions organ- through the design and application of low-cost ized under the UNESCO/African Development communications technology and the production Bank co-operation programme and sent contact and distribution of programmes, print and audio- missions to the Asian Development Bank with a visual materials; train communications specialists view to launching education and science and tech- and archivists in film and tape preservation tech- nology projects. UNESCO contributed to pilot niques; and promote book development policies projects on socio-economic development in Africa, and reading habits. Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. General Information Programme Under the General Information Programme, Technical assistance which grouped together the main activities in in- formation, libraries and archives, regional data Participation Programme bases were set up in nine member States and the Allocations approved by the Director-General capability of data-base creation was strength- for 1986-1987 under the UNESCO Participation ened in 50 institutions in developing countries Programme, through which member States and during 1986-1987. UNESCO was involved in organizations participate in technical assistance ac- creating integrated library and information serv- tivities, amounted to $11,243,315 (for amounts by ices in member States and in preparing projects sector and region, see YUN 1986, p. 1127). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1217

Extrabudgetary programmes Secretariat Amounts obligated in 1987 in respect of projects As at 31 December 1987, the number of full- for which UNESCO served as executing agency, time staff employed by UNESCO on permanent, financed by UNDP, UNFPA and other extrabudget- fixed-term and short-term appointments was ary sources, totalled $69.6 million as shown below: 2,861. Of these, 1,077 were in the Professional Amount or higher categories, drawn from 133 nationali- (in thousands ties, and 1,784 were in the General Service Source of US dollars) category. UNDP 27,411 Donated trust funds 10,474 Special accounts and voluntary contributions 9,398 Budget UNFPA 6,966 Self-benefiting trust funds 3,857 The 1987 session of the UNESCO General Con- Other United Nations sources 5,869 ference approved a budget of $350,386,000 for Associate experts 2,466 1988-1989. The level of the Working Capital Fund World Bank technical assistance 1,236 Regional banks and funds 1,922 was fixed at $15,000,000 and the total assessment Total 69,599 on member States (after deducting miscellaneous Sector income) at $335,875,360. Amounts allocated (in Education 33,762 thousands of dollars) are shown in Natural sciences 15,688 the table below: Culture and communication 15,061 Social and human sciences 2,178 UNESCO REGULAR BUDGET General Information Programme 1,455 Other 1,455 Amount Total 69,599 Programme operations and services 219,708 Region Programme support services 29,450 Africa 24,151 General policy and direction 25,575 Asia and the Pacific 18,861 Common services 25,717 Arab States 8,282 General administrative services 25,021 Latin America and the Caribbean 6,960 Appropriation reserve 9,840 Europe 1,392 Capital expenditure 1,364 Interregional and global 9,953 Currency adjustment 13,711 Total 69,599 Total 350,386

Annex I. MEMBERSHIP OF THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION AND CONTRIBUTIONS (Membership as at 31 December 1987; annual contributions as assessed for 1988 and 1989)

CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION

Amount Amount Amount Percent- (in US Percent- (in US Percent- (in US MEMBER age dollars) MEMBER age dollars) MEMBER age dollars)

Afghanistan 0.01 23,957 Byelorussian SSR 0.34 814,534 Ecuador 0.03 71,871 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Egypt 0.07 167,697 Algeria 0.14 335,396 Canada 3.02 7,234,976 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Equatorial 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.61 1,461,369 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 1.64 3,928,928 0.07 167,697 0.49 1,173,887 0.73 1,748,852 0.78 1,868,637 France 6.29 15,068,874 Bahamas 0.01 23,957 Colombia 0.13 311,439 0.03 71,871 0.02 47,913 0.01 23,957 Gambia 0.01 23,957 0.02 47,913 Congo 0.01 23,957 German Democratic Barbados 0.01 23,957 0.02 47,913 Republic 1.31 3,138,350 1.17 2,802,954 Côte d’lvoire 0.02 47,913 0.01 23,957 0.09 215,612 , Federal 0.01 23,957 0.02 47,913 Republic of 8.16 19,548,808 0.01 23,957 Czechoslovakia 0.69 1,653,024 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Democratic Kampuchea 0.01 23,957 0.43 1,030,145 0.01 23,957 Democratic People’s 0.01 23,957 1.38 3,306,048 Republic of Korea 0.05 119,784 0.02 47,913 Bulgaria 0.16 383,311 Democratic 0.01 23,957 Guinea 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.71 1,700,938 Guinea-Bissau 0.01 23,957 Burma 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.03 71,871 0.01 23,957 1218 Intergovernmental organizations

CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION

Amount Amount Amount Percent- (in US Percent- (in US Percent- (in US MEMBER age dollars) MEMBER age dollars) MEMBER age dollars)

Honduras 0.01 23,957 * ——Sudan 0.01 23,957 Hungary 0.22 527,051 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.03 71,871 1.72 4,120,582 Swaziland 0.01 23,957 India 0.34 814,534 0.24 574,965 Sweden 1.24 2,970,653 Indonesia 0.14 335,396 0.01 23,957 Switzerland 1.11 2,659,214 0.62 1,485,326 0.01 23,957 Syrian Arab Republic 0.04 95,827 0.12 287,482 Nigeria 0.19 455,181 Thailand 0.09 215,612 Ireland 0.18 431,224 0.53 1,269,714 0.01 23,957 Israel 0.22 527,051 0.02 47,913 0.01 23,957 3.74 8,959,870 0.06 143,741 0.04 95,827 0.02 47,913 0.02 47,913 0.03 71,871 10.71 25,657,812 0.01 23,957 0.34 814,534 0.01 23,957 0.02 47,913 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Peru 0.07 167,697 Ukrainian SSR 1.26 3,018,567 0.29 694,749 Philippines 0.10 239,568 USSR 10.08 24,148,529 Lao People’s Democratic 0.63 1,509,282 0.18 431,224 Republic 0.01 23,957 0.18 431,224 United Republic of 0.01 23,957 0.04 95,827 Tanzania 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Republic of Korea 0.20 479,137 Uruguay 0.04 95,827 0.01 23,957 0.19 455,181 0.59 1,413,456 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.26 622,878 0.01 23,957 Viet Nam 0.01 23,957 0.05 119,784 0.01 23,957 Yemen 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Saint Lucia 0.01 23,957 Yugoslavia 0.45 1,078,059 0.01 23,957 Saint Vincent and the Zaire 0.01 23,957 0.10 239,568 Grenadines 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.02 47,913 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Malta 0.01 23,957 Sao Tome and Principe 0.01 23,957 Total 70.10† 167,937,680 0.01 23,957 0.96 2,299,860 ASSOCIATE 0.01 23,957 Senegal 0.01 23,957 MEMBER 0.88 2,108,204 0.01 23,957 Aruba 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 0.05 119,784 Spain 2.00 4,791,375 0.01 23,957 0.01 23,957 Total 0.03 71,871

*Assessment remained suspended in 1987. †The scale of assessments for 1988-1989 attributed to member States of UNESCO 70.1 per cent of the theoretical amount to be paid, and, under a separate entry, attributed 29.9 per cent to three States which had ceased to be members.

Annex II. OFFICERS AND OFFICES OF THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (As at 31 December 1987)

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD

Chairman: José Israel Vargas (Brazil). Luis Bernardo Honwana (Mozambique), Siegfried Kaempf (German Vice-Chairman: Mohamed Brahimi El-Mili (Algeria), Aurelio Caicedo Ayerbe Democratic Republic), Mumtaz Ali Kazi (Pakistan), Elsa D. R. Kelly (Colombia), Rosa lsakovna Otounbayeva (USSR), Swaran Singh (India), (Argentina), Mizuo Kuroda (Japan), Allan Siegfried Li Fo Sjoe (Suriname), Alemayehu Teferra (Ethiopia), Birgitta Ulvhammar (Sweden). Abdelsalam A. Majali (Jordan), N’Tji ldriss Mariko (Mali), Margaretha Mickwitz (Finland), Milan Milanov (Bulgaria), Eugenio L. Moore (Trinidad Members: Abdisalam Sheikh Hussein (Somalia), Paul Yao Akoto (Côte and Tobago), Franz Muheim (Switzerland), Adamou Ndam Njoya d’lvoire), Yahya Aliyu (Nigeria), Fahd J. H. Al Thani (Qatar), Anwar lbrahim (Cameroon), Bethwell Allan Ogot (Kenya), Mohamed M. Ould Weddady (Malaysia), Léon Louis Boissier-Palun (Benin), Hilaire Bouhoyi (Congo), (Mauritania), Maria Luisa Paronetto Valier (Italy), Luis Manuel Perialver Marie-Claude Cabana (France), Brown B. Chimphamba (Malawi), Marsetio (Venezuela), Luis lgnacio Ramallo (Spain), Komlavi Fofoli Seddoh (Togo), Donoseputro (Indonesia), Georges-Henri Dumont (Belgium), Federico Edjo Stella Soulioti (Cyprus), Iba Der Thiam (Senegal), Alberto Wagner de Ovono (), Mohamed Fathallah El-Khatib (Egypt), Walter Reyna (Peru), Asavia Wandira (Uganda), Edward Gough Whitlam (Aus- Gehlhoff (Federal Republic of Germany), Alfredo Guevara (Cuba), Ananda tralia), Suk-Heun Yun (Republic of Korea), Zhao Fusan (China), Kazimierz W. P. Guruge (Sri Lanka), Reuben H. Harris (Antigua and Barbuda), Zygulski (Poland).

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE SECRETARIAT

Director-General: Federico Mayor. Assistant Directors-General: Abdul-Razzak Kaddoura, Thomas Keller (act- Deputy Director-General: Michel de Bonnecorse. ing), Youri Kochubey, Julio Labastida, Henri Lopes, Ernesto Melo Antunes, Sioma Tanguiane, Zhaochun Xu. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1219

HEADQUARTERS AND OTHER OFFICE

HEADQUARTERS NEW YORK OFFICE UNESCO House United Nations Educational, Scientific and 7 Place de Fontenoy Cultural Organization 75700 Paris, France 2 United Nations Plaza, Room 900 Cable address; UNESCO PARIS Telephone: (33) (1) 45-68-10-00 New York, N.Y. 10017, United States Telex: 204461 Cable address: UNESCORG NEWYORK Facsimile: (33) (1) 45-67-16-90 Telephone: (1) (212) 963-5995