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AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER the First Home Grown Analysis of the Media Landscape in Africa

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AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER the First Home Grown Analysis of the Media Landscape in Africa TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENT INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENT INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECHAFRICAN COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLEMEDIA DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENT INTERACTIONBAROMETER NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSING TheINDIVIDUAL first homePRIVACY grown IDEAS ESSENTIAL analysis RELIABLE of the PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECHmedia COMMUNICATE landscape BROADCASTin Africa RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITYBOTSWANA CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION 2018 LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENT INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER The first home grown analysis of the media landscape in Africa AFRICAN MEDIA BOTSWANA 2018 BAROMETER Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) fesmedia Africa Windhoek, Namibia Tel: +264 (0)61 417523 E-mail: [email protected] www.fesmedia-africa.org © This work is licensed under the Creative Commons’ Attribution-NonCommercial – ShareAlike 2.5 Licence. ISBN: 978-99945-77-42-2 The sale or commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung (FES) and Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) is prohibited without the written consent of the FES and MISA. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or fesmedia Africa. fesmedia Africa does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENT INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN CONTENTS SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPTSUMMARY PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED 5WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINTSECTOR GIVEN 1 ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING7 PARLIAMENT INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN Freedom SUBJECT of REACTION expression, CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROLincluding ACCESS freedom MEDIA of ANSWERSthe media, LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENT ACCESSINGis effectively INDIVIDUAL protected PRIVACY and IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISIONpromoted. SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS SECTORDOCUMENTS 2 FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION23 QUESTIONS INTERNETThe CONCEPT media landscape, PRINCIPLE including DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITYnew CRITICISM media, is IMPARTINGcharacterised PROTECTION by LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACYdiversity, SELF-RESTRAINT independence GIVEN and ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVING PARLIAMENTsustainability. INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHT CONTENTSECTOR ACCESSING 3 INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL39 RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISIONBroadcasting SPEECH regulation COMMUNICATE is BROADCAST RIGHTS INFORMATION RADIO EXPRESSIONtransparent andDEBATE independent; SATELLITE SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER the TRANSLATION State broadcaster BOOKS is MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWStransformed PRESS into DOCUMENTS a truly public FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED broadcaster. WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION LINKED MONITORING POLITICAL DEMOCRACY SELF-RESTRAINT GIVEN ORDINARY PUBLIC DETERMINE RECEIVINGSECTOR PARLIAMENT 4 INTERACTION NATIONAL OPPORTUNITY47 UNLICENSED INVOLVED RESPONSE CITIZEN SUBJECT REACTION CONSTITUTION CENSORSHIP The media practise high levels of TRUTH POINT OF VIEW CONTROL ACCESS MEDIA ANSWERS LAWS MEDIUM THOUGHTprofessional CONTENT standards. ACCESSING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IDEAS ESSENTIAL RELIABLE PURPOSE PRESS TELEVISION SPEECH COMMUNICATE BROADCAST RIGHTS WAY INFORMATION FORWARD RADIO EXPRESSION DEBATE SATELLITE60 SUPPRESSION NEWS LIMITATIONS TRUTH PAPER TRANSLATION BOOKS MAGAZINES HONEST EFFICIENCY REPORTS INTERVIEWS PRESS DOCUMENTS FREEDOM PUBLICATIONS LEGISLATION QUESTIONS INTERNET CONCEPT PRINCIPLE DECLARATION FAIR DIFFERENT LIMITED WRITTEN CAPACITY CRITICISM IMPARTING PROTECTION The African Media Barometer (AMB) The African Media Barometer (AMB) is an in-depth and comprehensive description and measurement system for national media environments on the African continent. Unlike other press surveys or media indices the AMB is a self- assessment exercise based on home-grown criteria derived from African Protocols and Declarations like the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa (2002) by the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights. The instrument was jointly developed by fesmedia Africa, the Media Project of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) in Africa, and the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) in 2004. The African Media Barometer is an analytical exercise to measure the media situation in a given country which at the same time serves as a practical lobbying tool for media reform. Its results are presented to the public of the respective country to push for an improvement of the media situation using the AU- Declaration and other African standards as benchmarks. The recommendations of the AMB reports are then integrated into the work of the 19 country offices of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) in sub-Sahara Africa and into the advocacy efforts of other local media organisations like the Media Institute of Southern Africa. Methodology and Scoring System Every three to four years a panel of 10-12 experts, consisting of at least five media practitioners and five representatives from civil society, meets to assess the media situation in their own country. For 1½ days they discuss the national media environment according to 39 predetermined indicators. The discussion
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