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BOTTLE GOURD Pallepati Lakshmaiah1, M

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BOTTLE GOURD Pallepati Lakshmaiah1, M IJRPC 2018, 8(3), 437-441 Spandana et al ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Review Article BEST WEIGHT LOSS: BOTTLE GOURD Pallepati Lakshmaiah1, M. NagaJyothi2, V. Tulasi Ram3, T. Srilakshmi4 and Uppuluri Spandana5* 1Viswabharathi college of Pharmacy, N. R .T. Road, Perecherla, Medikonduru MD, Guntur District- 522 009,Andhra Pradesh, India. 2,3,4,5Nirmala college of pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT Bottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria) is a green colour, longitudinal vegetable synonym calabash gourd belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. Bottle gourd most probably originated in tropical Africa, and occupies first place in India. It is only the crop known to have been cultivated in pre- columbian times in both the world and new world. Bottle gourd extracts of the plant shows antibiotic activity rich in vit- C, and thiamine. The fruit pulp is used as emetic, purgative, diuretic. Bottle gourd is also considered of the best weight loss. Bottle gourd reported activities are free radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity, lipase inhibitory activity, diuretic activity, cardio protective activity, antimicrobial activity, lipid lowering activity, hepato toxicity activity. Keywords: Bottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria) and free radical scavenging activity. INTRODUCTION Bottle gourd (LAGENARIA SICERARIA) is 1.1 scientific classification 1 also called as white-flowered gourd or Kingdom Plantae Calabash gourd. It is known by many other Sub kingdom Tracheobionta names like Long melon and Tasmania bean2.These fruits are mostly cultivated in Division Magnoliophyta Super warm climates. The gourd was one of the first Spermatophyta division cultivated plants in the world. It probably Class Magnoliopsida originated in Africa floating in sea to India, china, and New Zealand. Sub class Dilleniidae The young fruits are edible and usually cooked Order Violales as vegetable has cooling, diuretic, sedative Family Cucurbitaceae and anti-bilious action. The matured gourds Genus. Lagenaria ser. are made into water bottles, spoons, Species LagenariascicerariaStandl containers, pipes. They can also fashioned 3 into ornaments, musical instruments , lamps. 1.2 Synonyms Gourd is vine grown for its fruit. The bottle Lagenariasiceraria, calabash, calabash tree, gourd may have been carried from Africa to gourd vine Asia, Europe, and the Americas in the course 4. of human migration 1.3 Geographical distribution Bottle gourd is most probably originated in They grow in variety of shapes tropical Africa and occupies first place in India, Huge and rounded, small, bottle shaped and china New- Zealand. It could have been more than a meter long. spread by ocean currents to shores of the new world. More than 10,000 year old archeological records of its association. It is the only crop known to have been cultivated in pre- 437 IJRPC 2018, 8(3), 437-441 Spandana et al ISSN: 22312781 columbian times in both the world and new- 400mm long, and 400mm broad,longpetioled, world. 5-lobed, softly hairy, crushed leaves are nonaromatic.Leaf stalks upto 300mm long, 1.4 Cultivation and collection hollow, densely hairy, small and lateral glands Gourds were cultivated in Africa, Asia, Europe are inserted at the leaf base. Margins are and the America for thousands of years before shallowly toothed. The apex of the plant is Columbus' discovery of America. Historically,In leathery surface with firm texture. Flowers are Europe,5. Walahfrid Strabo abbot and poet stalked(female flower stalks are shorter than from Reichenau and advisor to the male flower stalk),unisexual, axillary, the Carolingian kings, discussed the gourd in 5petals, cream or white coloured with darker his Hortulus as one of the 23 plants of an ideal veins, ovate, pale yellow at the base, flowers garden6,7. Bottle gourd is one of the popular are opening in the evenings. Fruits are large, vegetable crops cultivated in south East Asia. cylindrical, flask shaped constriction above the These vegetables are mostly grown in India middle. Seeds are many, embedded in a and fruits are available in throughout the world. spongy pulp, compressed, in some variants Bottle gourd usually comes to harvesting in 3 rather irregular and rugose. months and these flowers are white in colour and opened at night time. 1.6 Microscopy Transverse section oflagenariasicerarialeaf a) Climate shows the following features Hot and moist climate is favorable for its upper epidermis consist elongated cultivation. parenchymatous cells, covered by cuticle and also shows few stomata, which are of b) Soil and its preparation anisocytic type,palisade cells are also Bottle gourd can be grown in any type of soil present.Lower epidermis consist elongated but sandy loam soil is best suited for its wavy walled parenchymatous cells covered by cultivation. The land should be prepared cuticle,shows hexagonal to polygonal,large, thoroughly by five to six ploughings. thin walled colourless cells. Trichomes are present, while very few glandular trichomes c) Time of sowing and layout are also present. Mesophyll is made up of 3-4 sown from January The seed is to end of layered chloroplast containing, compactly February for summer crops. June to July for arranged, oval to circular cells. Vascular rainy season crop. bundles are surrounded by 2-3 layered sclerenchyma.They are closed, collateral, d) Methods of sowing and spacing conjoint. Xylem is placed towards the upper The seed is sown by dibbing method. epidermis and phloem towards the lower Generally three to four seeds are sown. Now- epidermis. a-days bottle gourds are grown by direct sowing of seeds 15to20 days. It is cultivated in 1.7 Chemical constituents small places such as in a pot and spread on a Fruits of the sweet variety contain roof. In rural areas, many houses with carbohydrate, fat, calcium and phosphorous, thatchedroofs are found covered with the fibres. Other mineral elements include iodine, gourd vine. Bottle gourd grow very rapidly and sodium, iron. The fruit is considered as good their stems can reach a length of 9m in the source of vitamin C, vitamin B complex and summer. So, they need a soil support to climb. also contains the highest level of choline-a To get more fruit, sometimes farmers cut off lipotropic factor8,9. The fruit skin contains crude the tip of the vine when it has grown to 6-8 feet protein, lignin and cellulose. long. The plant produces side branches that produce fruit much sooner and more flowers 1.8 Traditional uses and more fruit. The plant produces white The fruit pulp is used as a emetic, flowers. The male flowers have long peduncles purgative, diuretic, cooling, sedative and the females have short ones with ovary and pectoral. shape of the fruit. Sometimes, the female Bottle gourd is believed to help the flowers are drop off without growing into a liver function in a balanced fashion gourd due to failure of the pollination. The fruits, leaves, stem, seeds and oils of “Lagenariasiceraria” are 1.5 Morphology traditionally used in the treatment of Dark green in colour, characteristic odourbitter diabetes, ulcer, cardiac failure, taste.Lagenariasicerariais 7.9-15.5 cm long, hypertension, and skin diseases elliptical shaped having entire margin and Leaves are used as alternative parallel venation.Leaves are simple,upto purgative 438 IJRPC 2018, 8(3), 437-441 Spandana et al ISSN: 22312781 Leaf juice is widely used for baldness 2.4 DIURETIC ACTIVITY The stem bark and rind of the fruit are Bottlegourd is used as diuretic, cardiotonic, diuretic cardioprotective and nutritive agent. The Fruit The flowers are an antidote to poison is also reported to have good source of vitamin Extracts of the plant shows antibiotic B complex and choline along with vitamin B activity complex and choline along with fair source of It is rich in thiamin, vitamin C, iron, vitamin c and B-carotene.The study relieve zinc, and magnesium thus helping in pulmonary congestion and peripheral improving overall health. edema.These agents are useful in reducing Bottle gourd is also considered one of the orthopnea and decreasing blood pressure the best weight loss foods. and play an important role in hypertensive patients.The LSJE and LSME were found to II. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES be active in renal system of rats. It shows 2.1 FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING maximal activity on dose response studies17. ACTIVITY The author reported that LSJE LSME act as The authors are reported, the acetone extract effective hypernatremic,hyerchloermic and it of bottle guard shows free radical scavenging has hyperkalemic diuretics and it has dose activity. The fruit was collected and dependent diuretic activity18. The vaccum dried epicarp,mesocarp and pulp containing seeds extract and methanol extract of were separated. Each of them was extracted LAGENARARIA SICERARIA was evaluated with different solvents in increasing order of for its diuretic activity. Both the extracts polarity. The author revealed that the showed urine volume and exhibited dose maximum antioxidant10 was observed in the dependent increased in excretion of acetone extract of fruit epicarp.Chemical electrolytes the author revealed that it indicate investigation revealed that radical scavenging potent diuretic activity of AELS and there is a activity may due to the presence of significant increase in excretion of urinary ellagitannins present in the acetone extract of volume, urinary Na+ and cl-19. epicarp11. 2.5 CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY 2.2
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