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Role of Plant Diversity to Existance of Butterfly in Botanical Garden UPI

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Role of Plant Diversity to Existance of Butterfly in Botanical Garden UPI Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 331-335 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Role of Plant Diversity to Existance of Butterfly JEZS 2016; 4(4): 331-335 © 2016 JEZS in Botanical Garden UPI Bandung Indonesia Received: 20-05-2016 Accepted: 18-06-2016 Yayan Sanjaya Yayan Sanjaya, Suhara, Yanti Rochmayanti Department of Biology Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Abstract Bandung, Indonesia Indonesia is a country with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. UPI Botanical Garden is one area that is Suhara used as a natural laboratory for students majoring in Biology Education FPMIPA UPI. UPI Botanical Department of Biology Education Garden are also composed of many plants that can support the life of various of Lepidoptera. This study Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, aims to determine the diurnal butterfly diversity and its relationship with the presence of the host plant. Bandung, Indonesia The data of this study are also expected to support and provide information necessary for the formulation of a management plan recommendations butterfly conservation not only in the Botanical Garden UPI but Yanti Rochmayanti also in other places. Diversity adult butterfly larvae sampled using standard Cruising methods. The Plant Protection Lab. Balai Penelitian Sayuran results showed that there were 40 species of butterflies and 13 species of adult butterfly larvae with Lembang, Bandung, Indonesia Delias belisama with the greatest abundance value (0.158 ± 0.063). While the lowest butterfly species adult’s abundance were Melanitis leda (0.001 ± 0.003), Elymnias hypermnestra (0.003 ± 0.006), Euthalia Monina (0.003 ± 0.006), Athyma nefte (0.003 ± 0.006) and Amathusia phidippus (0.002 ± 0.003). In the research, also found endemic butterflies Cyrestis lutea which is only exist in Java and Bali Island, Indonesia. As for the number of host plant species of butterflies found in the Botanic Gardens UPI are 34 species. So the vegetation composition Botanical UPI supports the existence and diversity of butterflies. Keywords: Botanical Garden UPI, Diversity and Abundance, Butterflies, Host Plants 1. Introduction Butterfly is one of important role in plant pollination which is to maintain the ecosystem including composition of plant vegetation host. Lepidopterian’s diversity not only determined by area geographic, migration but also by plant structure, distribution, abudance and composition [6, 4]. Most of butterfly are nectar eater, only a small number is dirt eater such as Junonia iphita [16]. In butterfly a reproduction phase is a key element in their life. [2] Host plant play one of critical point which are as shelter and larval host plants . Furthermore the Interaction of insect herbivores plants is related to plant diversity. Larval host plant is the main in Lepidoptera [19]. There are some factors that influence the selection of host plants such as external stimuli, envronmet and internal responses as well as a series of environmental [11] barriers . In general it can be assumed that the process of selection of host plants on insect is affected by volatile chemical signals the plant, after which the visual stimulus and then by non-volatile chemical signals [7]. Diversity Lepidoptera was influenced by environmental conditions. Environmental factors that affect the altitude, temperature, humidity, intensity of light, weather and seasons [14]. Thus the Lepidoptera are used as bio-indicators that one can be used to measure the effect of climate [13] change on biodiversity . The impact of human activities and forest conversion on a large scale is the cause of significant mass extinction in the geologic time scale as the dissemination of the distribution of organisms [17]. Among all insects, butterflies occupy a vital position in the ecosystem as well as the existence and diversity is an indicator of the terrestrial environment is [1] still awake . Lepidoptera existence threatened due to color, pattern and shape of the wing is varied, so that the Lepidoptera are used as the object of research, collection and trade of commodities [17]. UPI Botanical Garden is one area that is used as a natural laboratory for students majoring in Biology Education FPMIPA UPI. Correspondence UPI Botanical Gardens are also covered by many plants that can support the diversity of Yayan Sanjaya Lepidoptera. Total area of UPI botanical gardens is ± 20.000 m2 square with many amenities Department of Biology such as a greenhouse, laboratory and animal house. With the composition of herbaceous and Education Biology Study Program Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, shrub vegetation in the Botanic Gardens can be a place to live UPI Lepidoptera and support Bandung, Indonesia life cycle. ~ 331 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Material and Method Thus the existance botanical garden as a learning media but This study was conducted in February - July 2012 at the also it can be used as conservation area [3,17]. stated that in the Botanic Gardens UPI. wild life the existance of butterfly was threaten since The method which was using a cruising method due to its high damaging of its habitat. Thus, botanical garden can support in mobility. Climatic factor such as light intensity, moisture, lepidoptera biodiversity. temparature also recorded. Observations were made from The characteristic of ecosystem in UPI botanical garden was 08.00-12.00 am [3,12]. planted with flower and tree, on the other hand some part is open field, those can be place to accomplish their life cycle. Data analysis Environment characteristics is supporting the existence of Samples of adult butterflies were identified with the available butterfly, with light intensity 66912.66 lux and air temparature literature [9], [10]. Data were analised by abudances, diversity, 21.66 %. and evennes indices. The result showed that in Botanical garden UPI were Result and Discussion founded 40 species composed of 9 Familia i.e.:7 species Lepidopterian Diversity and abudance in Botanical Papilionidae, 6 species Pieridae, 2 species Danaidae, 5 species Garden Satyridae, 13 species Nymphalidae, 1 species Amathusiidae, 3 UPI botanical garden that composed of 150 species of plant species Lycaenidae, 2 species Hesperidae and 1 species which has implication of microclimate. Those consequencies Arctiidae (Table 1). can be factors to support live of creature especially butterfly. Table 1: Lepidopterian abudance indices in Botanical Garden UPI Pi No. Familia Species Average ± SD 1 2 3 4 5 1. Papilionidae Papilio memnon 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 ± 0.006 2. Papilio demoleus 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ± 0.003 3. Papilio demolion 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 ± 0.009 4. Papilio helenus - 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 0.006 ± 0.006 5. Graphium Agamemnon 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 ± 0.01 6. Graphium doson 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 ± 0.01 7. Graphium sarpedon 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 ± 0.01 8. Pieridae Delias belisama 0.19 0.16 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.157 ± 0.06 9. Delias periboea 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.05 ± 0.02 10. Appias libythea 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 ± 0.01 11. Letopsia nina 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.24 0.15 0.147 ± 0.05 12. Eurema hecabe 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.08 ± 0.02 13. Eurema sari 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 ± 0.005 14. Danaidae Euploea gloriosa 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 ± 0.01 15. Euploea phaenareta 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.04 ± 0.03 16. Satyridae Mycalesis janardana 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 ± 0.004 17. Melanitis leda 0.01 - - - - 0.001 ± 0.002 18. Yptima Philomela 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 ± 0.005 19. Yptima baldus 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 ± 0.01 20. Elymnias hypermnestra - - 0.01 - - 0.003 ± 0.006 21. Nymphalidae Cupha erymanthis 0.01 0.01 - 0.01 0.02 0.01 ± 0.01 22. Phalanta alcippe 0.01 0.01 - 0.02 - 0.01 ± 0.01 23. Doleschallia bisaltide - 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.004 ± 0.006 24. Neptis hylas 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.06 ± 0.02 25. Euthalia monina - 0.01 - - - 0.002 ± 0.006 26. Athyma nefte - 0.01 - - - 0.003 ± 0.006 27. Junonia iphita 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.026 ± 0.01 28. Junonia orithya 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.012 ± 0.006 29. Hypolimnas bolina - - 0.01 0.01 - 0.004 ± 0.006 30. Polyura moori - - 0.01 - 0.01 0.004 ± 0.005 31. Cyrestis lutea - - - 0.01 - 0.001 ± 0.003 32. Ariadne ariadne 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 ± 0.01 33. Acraea issora - 0.01 - - - 0.001 ± 0.003 34. Amathusiidae Amathusia phidippus - - 0.01 - 0.01 0.002 ± 0.003 35. Lycaenidae Zizina otis 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 ± 0.01 36. Jamides caeruleus 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 ± 0.01 37. Jamides pura 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.03 ± 0.02 38. Hesperidae Erionota thrax 0.01 - - - 0.01 0.002 ± 0.003 39. Pelopidas conjuctus 0.01 0.01 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 ± 0.003 40.
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