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The Soviet Historiography and the Question of Kazakhstan’S History

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The Soviet Historiography and the Question of Kazakhstan’S History THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY A Retrospective of the Life and Works of The First Kazakh Historian Ermukhan Bekmakhanov Editors: Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara Assoc. Prof. Dr. Steven Sabol Bekir Sadık Topaloğlu İstanbul – 2016 Union of Turkic World Municipalities reserves all rights of this book. It can be just quoted by providing reference. None of the parts in this book can be reprinted and reproduced without permission. Merkez Efendi Mah. Merkez Efendi Konağı No: 29 Zeytinburnu 34015 İstanbul Tel +90 212 547 12 00 www.tdbb.org.tr Symposium Organization Committee: Prof. Dr. Fatma Ürekli (Symposium Chair) Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kanlıdere Prof. Dr. Araylım Musagaliyeva Prof. Dr. Altayı Orazbayeva Prof. Dr. Danagül Mahat Prof. Dr. Nesrin Sarıahmetoğlu Doç. Dr. Roza Musabekova Doç. Dr. Kurmangaliy Darkenov Doç. Dr. Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun Symposium Secretary Zeynep Yaman Bekir Sadık Topaloğlu Book Design Harun Raşid ISBN 978-605-65863-5-4 Union of Turkic World Municipalities (TDBB) Publication No: 20 Printed And Bound By Seçil Ofset Tel: +90 212 629 06 15 Technical Preparation Burhaniye Mah. Abdullahağa Cad. Enveriye Sok. Akgün Apt. No: 26/2 Üsküdar / İstanbul Telefon: +90 216 557 82 87 (pbx) Faks: +90 216 557 82 85 Papers of An International Symposium on “The Soviet Historiography and Questions of Kazakhstan History” on the Occasion of the 100th Birth Anniversary of the First Kazakh Historian Ermukhan Bekmakhanov Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (MSGSÜ) Union of Turkic World Municipalities (TDBB) 15-16 April 2015 – Istanbul CONTENTS 11 ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV AND IDEOLOGICAL REPRESSIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE RESEARCH OF KAZAKH HISTORY IN THE SOVIET PERIOD Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara 27 SOVIET POLITICS OF NATIONAL PUNISHMENT AND THE PROSECUTION HISTORY OF E. BEKMAKHANOV Prof. Dr. Tursun Jurtbay 39 PROSECUTION OF BEKMAKHANOV: TRUTHS AND PROOFS Prof. Dr. Arailym Musagalieva 49 REFLECTIONS OF THE PROSECUTION OF HISTORIAN ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV IN THE SOVIET PRESS Prof. Dr. Danagul Mahat 67 THE FATE OF THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV UNDER TOTALITARIAN REGIME Prof. Dr. Galina M. Kakenova 75 STUDIES ON KENESARY KASYMULY IN THE KAZAK AND KYRGYZ HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE ROLE OF ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun 95 ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV AND THE KENESARY KASYMULY REVOLT Assoc. Prof. Dr. Steven Sabol 103 ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV AND KAZAKH STATE QUESTION Prof. Dr. Orazbayeva Altayi Iranbekkyzy 109 IMPORTANT ISSUES OF KAZAKHSTAN HISTORY IN THE WORKS OF E. BEKMAKHANOV Asst. Prof. Dr. Gülnar KARA 123 KAZAKH INTELLECTUALS OF 1920s AND 1930s AND THEIR SPIRITUAL CONNECTION WITH E. BEKMAKHANOV Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kurmangaliy Darkenov 133 THE ROLE OF ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV IN THE TRANSITION PROCESS FROM KAZAKH SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY TO KAZAKH NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY Asst. Prof. Dr. Meryem Hakim 139 PERSECUTION AGAINST INTELLECTUALS AND AUTHORS IN KAZAKHSTAN (1940-1950) Assoc. Prof. Rosa M. Musabekova 147 THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNIST PARTY ON WRITING HISTORY AND HISTORICAL EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SOVIET PERIOD Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emin ÖZDEMİR 159 A GLANCE AT THE BACKGROUND OF A SOVIET HISTORIAN Asst. Prof. Dr. Elnur AĞAYEV 183 THE GOLDEN HORDE IN SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlyas Kemaloğlu 191 KAZAN TATARS’ ETHNIC BACKGROUND QUESTION: A REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY Dr. Liaisan ŞAHİN 209 BEING INTELLECTUAL DURING THE STALIN ERA Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail Türkoğlu 215 Photos OF Ermukhan Bekmakhanov 223 Photos from the Symposium OF Ermukhan Bekmakhanov THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 7 PREFACE Prof. Dr. Ermukhan Bekmakhanov (1915-1966) who has an important place in the Kazakh historiography in the Soviet period was comme- morated with various scientific events in Kazakhstan in 2015 on the occasion of his 100th Birth Anniversary. His ideas were discussed. Books and articles about his life and works were published; docu- mentaries and drama films were made. Bekmakhanov, the first Kazakh historian with history education at graduate and postgraduate levels, has come into prominence with not only his studies, but also with repressions which he was exposed to since expressing historical truths. He was arrested in 1952 and sentenced to 25 years in exile in Siberia for his doctoral thesis titled “Kazakhstan in the Years of 1920’s-1940’s” about Kenesary Khan (1802-1847) which had carried out a great rebellion against Tsarist Russia and then publishing it as a book. The book was banned. After Stalin’s death in 1953 he was forgiven in 1954 and returned to Kazakhstan. Beginning to work in his former job again, Bekmakhanov continued his jobs teaching and researching in the Department of History of Kazakhstan at Kazakh State University in Almaty until his death on 6 May 1966. The life and ideas of Bekmakhanov who had made important contri- butions to the writing of Kazakh national history have been subject to many books and articles. However, it is a fact that there are not enough studies in Turkey about Bekmakhanov and is even unknown among Turkish historians. When we carried out research on internet search engines in late 2014, we found no information about him in Turkish. For this reason we, as the Department of History of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, decided to organize an international symposium to promote this great historian in Turkey. Our decision was suppor- ted with great pleasure by Professor. Dr. Yalçın Karayağız, the rector of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Our historian colleagues at L.N. Gumilev Eurasia University in Astana in Kazakhstan have expressed that if such a symposium is held, they will be able to participate. They even said they could come to Istanbul with their own means. On the other hand, upon our request, the Union of Turkish World Municipalities agreed to sponsor accomodation expenses of guests coming from abroad and the printing of the symposium book. So the international symposium of “The Soviet Historiography and Questions of Kazakhstan History” on the Occasion of the 100th Birth Anniversary of the First Kazakh Historian Ermukhan Bekmakhanov was held in Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Bomonti Campus on 8 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND 15-16 April 2015. The symposium, in which scientists from the USA, Kazakhstan and Turkey presented 19 papers, was successful. Many people who attended the symposium expressed that they had never heard about Bekmakhanov before and that they had an opportunity to know him with this symposium. This shows that the symposium reaches its purpose and fills the space on this subject even if it is on a small scale. We thought it would be useful to publish the symposium papers in Turkish as well as in English. Thus, it would be possible to cont- ribute to the promotion of Bekmakhanov outside of Turkey. For this reason, the papers of guests from Kazakhstan were translated from Kazakh into Turkish, then all the reports were translated from Turkish into English. As our budget was limited, translations were made by voluntary researchers. The majority of the translations from Kazakh to Turkish were made by Assist. Prof. Dr. Gülnar Kara (Bilecik Eren University) and a paper by Aynur Erjibayeva (Ph.D. student of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University). Some parts of the papers were translated from Turkish into English by translators of the Union of Turkish World Municipalities and the rest by Dr. Serdar Yılmaz (Arel University), Bekir Sadıktopaloğlu (Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University History Department), Ahmet Sert (Mimar Sinan University Fine Arts University PhD student) and Denizcan Dede (Koç University). We are grateful to them. In addition, all the English translations were meticulously edited by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Steven Sabol from University of North Carolina. We are also grateful to him. We are thankful for everyone who contributed and supported the symposium, especially Prof. Dr. Yalçın Karayağız, the rector of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Urekli, the Head of the Department History of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, members of the Department of History, all participants of the symposium, Bekir Sadık Topaloğlu for working with me at the editorial jobs for prepearing papers for print, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fahri Solak, the general secretary of the Union of Turkish World Municipalities, which is sponsor of the symposium and this book. Best regards, Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara Istanbul, 1 November 2016 THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 9 OPENING SPEECH OF SYMPOSIUM Mr. Vice-Rector Prof. Zeki Alpan, Kazakhstan’s Consul General in Istanbul Mr. Serjan Sarsenbayev, the Union of Turkic World Municipa- lities Secretary General Fahri Solak, representatives of Turkish World Research Foundation, sympsium participants with a paper from various universities both in Turkey and from abroad, television and media representatives, dear scholars of our university and our students who impatiently waiting for the start of the program, welcome to you all to the International Symposium that will be held today and tomorrow about “Soviet Historiography and Issues of the History of Kazakhstan” and the honor you give to us all. Thank you for coming. The Symposium: it is planned as five sessions, papers will be presented and discussed in the first four sessions and in the last session of the symposium a general evaluation will be made. During the symposium, fourteen papers will be presented by experts in the field. Sessions this afternoon will continue on the fourth floor of this building, located in the Department of History. I want to thank to the rectorate, the office of Dean, the Union of Turkish World Municipalities, members of department of history, which supported the symposium and from the beginning quickly prepared everything; the symposium’s secretariat that conducted the correspondence, and especially Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara who pio- neered the idea and the participating scientists from various cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and Kazakhstan. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Republic of Turkey’s founder, attached great importance to the development of historical research in order to make the Turkish people stronger and to achieve economic and politic independence.
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