Bibliography of the History and Culture of the Himalayan Region Volume One History Anthropology and Related Social Sciences Bruce McCoy Owens Theodore Riccardi, Jr. Todd Thornton Lewis Acknowledgements This project was completed under the aegis of the Southern Asian Institute of Columbia University, and we wish to express our gratitude to Ainslie T. Embree, Director, and William F. Fisher, Assistant Director for their forbearance and cooperation in this endeavour. David Lelyveld, Review Editor of the Journal of Asian Studies, provided us with timely news of new publications and a unique opportunity to examine them. The reference librarians of Columbia University were of immeasureable assistance, both in the early stages when we were designing a data base system and later in the continuing process of uncovering valuable reference resources. We especially thank Eileen McIlvaine, Lora Benkowsky and Anita Lowry for the extra interest and care they took in helping us formulate our data base requirements and in ferreting out obscure works. The exacting and tedious task of entering the citations into the data base was done by several people and they deserve special recognition for their stamina. We thank Anne Heimstra and Anjaly Banshali for their efforts in this regard. The bulk of this onerous task was accomplished with good humor and blinding speed by Claire Riccardi, without whom it is impossible to imagine this project ever having reached a satisfactory conclusion. INTRODUCTION The present bibliography contains some 7,000 entries on the history and social sciences of the peoples of the Himalayas. The variety and relative isolation of the Himalayan cultures has brought many scholars to that part of the world in recent years. The most active areas of research have been anthropology, religion, language, art, and history, though the latter has been somewhat neglected. Almost all earlier bibliographies have been specific to a particular area or subject. This one is a first attempt at covering the entire Indus-Brahmaputra region. It is multi-disciplinary, but its focus is on humanity in the Himalayas. Hence, it in general excludes subjects in the natural sciences such as geology, biology, and botany, but includes them if they are directly relevant to human life and society. The geographical boundaries are the same as those used in the previous works done at Columbia University: The Himalayas: Essays and Readings in the History and Anthropology and the two syllabi, A Syllabus of Himalayan Anthropology and A Syllabus of Himalayan History. The concept of the Himalayan region articulated here is this broad international one: from west to east the Indus- Brahmaputra region, and south to north the political borders formed by Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Burma. But a broad definition such as this one cannot 1 remain rigid, and the authors have included relevant other Himalayan languages, has not been attempted here. research that falls beyond the borders so defined. This is Such an undertaking, while it would be of immense value, particularly true of important works on Tibet and India could only be done in conjunction with the main centers of that are crucial to understanding one or more of the learning in the Himalayas and such international Himalayan cultures. organizations as ICIMOD in Kathmandu. Originally conceived in terms of history and The one area that has not been covered systematically anthropology, the bibliography includes much more; the here is the voluminous literature on economic development. user will find the humanities broadly covered: not only This literature has been included in so far as it pertains does the work cover history, but it includes also language, directly to the scope of this project and is relatively literature, and art. Not only anthropology, but geography, easy of access. Major works that assess the potential for demography, ethnography, religion, and related social development or the effects of development on traditional science disciplines are also included. modes of life have been cited here: those works which The work is primarily a guide to the scholarly stress the more technical or bureaucratic aspects of scientific literature and popular works on topics where development have not. Much of the most current literature little scientific research has been done. Newspapers or on development is available only in the form of in-house magazine articles have not been included except where they reports. It is hoped that future editions of this work will involved substantial historical or social analysis or include more of this literature. Again, to be truly provided important information thought to be unavailable comprehensive, this would require the cooperation of the elsewhere. Historical documents as such have not been most active agencies in the field and the various included except where historical analysis is also present. governments. The addition of this material, together with The languages covered are western, primarily English, that in the Himalayan languages, would create a research French, German, and Italian, with items in several tool of immense scientific and practical value, of which Scandanavian and Slavic languages as well. It is hoped the present data base is the first step. that future editions will include titles in Japanese and The organization of this bibliography is based on very Chinese. broadly defined disciplinary fields that are in themselves The truly massive undertaking of including the interdisciplinary. The section labelled "History" also literature in the many native languages, primarily encompasses archaeology and works of literature that are Kashmiri, Hindi, Urdu, Nepali, Newari, Tibetan, and the 2 3 relevant to the criteria specified above. The next section, Partition. entitled "Anthropology and Related Social Sciences", All entries are followed by a series of "Key Words" includes demography, sociology; religious studies, used in the creation of the data base from which this edtion geography, ecology, folklore studies, and economics. The was created. They have been included here for their third section, labelled "Art and Architecture", also informational value, for their purpose is to supplement includes iconographical studies, descriptions of information provided by the title of the work they describe. contemporary material culture, and art history. The fourth Some of them are internal reference codes used for sorting section, entitled "Development", has been adequately and indexing which serve little practical purpose for the described above. This is followed by the "Language" section reader, others are abbreviations of more useful descriptors. which includes linguistics, language training materials, For these reasons a "Glossary of Key Words" is included for vocabularies, and dictionaries. The "Travel Accounts" the reader's convenience. section includes only those travelogues which provide useful Finally, a "Supplementary Index" is provided to cultural or historical information. Mountaineering accounts complement the organization of material laid out in the have not been included unless they are of particular table of contents. This index provides access to some of historical import or include significant information on the the key persons, places, and concepts which cross-cut area in which the expedition occurred. Finally, a the categories and sub-categories used to organize bibliography of bibliographies provides access to areas of the bibliography. Ethnic groups have been listed under their interest outside the scope of this work. various designations in those cases where several names The subdivisions within these disciplines vary in apply, and cross-references have been included to refer to accordance with the amount of material they encompass. For alternate names wherever appropriate. The index is by no example, the material on Sikkim is sufficiently extensive to means exhaustive; the fundamental intellectual task of warrant a separate subsection under the History section but not reference research remains that of the investigator. It is under the Art section, where Sikkim is combined with hoped, however, that we have contributed to the intellectual material on other states in the North-Central and Eastern aspects of this task by eliminating some of the more Indian Himalayan Region. With the exception of the frustrating logistical obstacles which such a massive and Development Section, Kashmir has been treated in a seperate varied corpus presents. sub-section throughout due to the richness of material on this area and the extensive literature written prior. to 5 4 Table of Contents Volume I I. HISTORY General Works on the Himalayan Region 1000 - 1067 - Pakistan Himalayan Region. 1068 - 1172 Kashmir Himalayan Region General Works 1173 - 1302 Ancient Period (to 1200 A D ) 1303 - 1369 Middle Period (1200 - 1800) 1370 - 1415 Modern Period (1800 - present) 1416 - 1536 North - West Indian Himalayan Region 1537 - 1609 (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh) North - Central Indian Himalayan Region 1610 - 1644 (Bihar, Bengal) North - East Indian Himalayan Region (Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh) General Works 1645 - 1666 .Ancient Period (to 1200 A-D ) 1667 - 1677 Middle Period (1200 - 1800) 1678 - 1704 Modern Period (1800 - present) 1705 - 1744 Sikkim 1745 - 1808 Bhutan 1809 - 1840 Nepal General Works 1841 - 2102 Ancient Period (to 1200 A D ) 2103 - 2260 Middle Period (1200 - 1800) 2261 - 2454 Modern Period (1800 - present)