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Post Graduate Department of History University of Kashmir

Syllabus For the Subject History At Under-Graduate Level Under Semester System (CBCS) Effective from Academic Session 2016

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COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE SEMESTER CORE PAPERS

CR-HS-I ANCIENT INDIA/ANCIENT FIRST KASHMIR CR-HS-II MEDIEVAL SECOND INDIA/MEDIEVAL KASHMIR CR-HS-III MODERN INDIA/MODERN THIRD KASHMIR CR-HS-IV THEMES IN INDIAN FOURTH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES

DSE-HS-I HISTORY OF INDIA SINCE FIFTH 1947

DSE-HS-II HISTORY OF THE WORLD FIFTH (1945-1992)

DSE-HS-III THEMES IN WORLD SIXTH CIVILIZATION

DSE-HS-IV WOMEN IN INDIAN SIXTH HISTORY

GENERIC ELECTIVES GE-HS-I (THEMES IN HISTORY-I) FIFTH

GE-HS-II (THEMES IN HISTORY – II) SIXTH SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES SEC-HS-I ARCHAEOLOGY: AN THIRD INTRODUCTION SEC-HS-II HERITAGE AND TOURISM FOURTH IN KASHMIR SEC-HS-III ARCHITECTURE OF FIFTH KASHMIR SEC-HS-IV ORAL HISTORY: AN SIXTH INTRODUCTION

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CR-HS-I (ANCIENT INDIA/ANCIENT KASHMIR) UNIT-I (Pre and Proto History) a) Sources] i. Archaeological Sources: Epigraphy and Numismatics ii. Literary Sources: Religious, Secular and Foreign Accounts b. Pre and Proto History: Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Cultures: Features. c. Chalcolithic Cultures: Features d. Harappan Civilization: Emergence, Features, Decline, Debate. UNIT-II (From Vedic to Mauryas) a) Vedic Age i. Early Vedic Age: Polity, Society. ii. Later-Vedic Age: Changes and Continuities in Polity and Society. b) Second Urbanization: Causes. c) Janapadas, Mahajanapadas and the Rise of Magadh. d) Mauryas: Empire Building, Administration, Architecture; Decline of the Mauryan Empire (Debate). UNIT-III (Post-Mauryas up to Harsha) a) India between BCE 200- CE 300: Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Pallavas, Kushanas: Impact on the Society, Economy and Culture. b) Sangam Age: Society and Culture. c) Gupta: Polity, Administration and Decline. d) Harshavardhana: Administration.

UNIT-IV (Ancient Kashmir) a) Pre-historic Kashmir: Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures: Features. b) Kashmir’s Contacts with the Neighbouring World and the cultural change upto 5th century CE c) Karkotas: Empire Building and Architecture. d) Utpalas: Economy and Architecture with special reference to Avantivarman. e) Loharas: A brief account of Lohara rulers. f) Education: Kashmir as a seat of Learning and literature. g) Women in Ancient Kashmir.

Suggested Readings:  Agrawal, D.P. and Chakrabarti, D.K. 1979, Essays in Indian Proto-history, New Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.  Allchin, F.R.A. and Allchin, B. 1995, The Origins of a Civilization. Delhi: Viking.  Singh, Upinder. 2009. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from the stone age to the 12th century. Delhi: Pearson Longman.  Thapar, Romila, Interpreting Early India, Delhi, 1999. Oxford University Press.  Jha, D. N., 1998, Ancient India: A Historical Outline, New- Delhi.  Sharma, R. S., 2005, India’s Ancient Past, Oxford University Press.  Sharma, R.S. Indian Feudalism, 3rd edition, Macmillan India, Delhi, 2006.  Sharma, R.S. : Early Medieval Indian Society : A Study in Feudalization, Orient Longman, Delhi, 2001.  Sharma, Ram Sharan, Advent of the Aryans in India, Manohar, Delhi, 1999.  Thapar, Romila, The Aryan: Recasting Constructs, Three Essays Collective, Gurgaon, 2008.  Banday A. A. (2009) Prehistoric Kashmir: New Delhi Dilpreet Publishers  Shali, S. L. (1993) Kashmir: History and Archaeology through the Ages, Delhi Indus Publishers  Aggarwal, R. C. (1998) Kashmir and its Monumental Glory, New Delhi, Aryan Books  Bamzai, P. N. (1973) A History of Kashmir (2nded), New Delhi, Metropolitan Books Page 3 of 16

CR-HS-II (MEDIEVAL INDIA/MEDIEVAL KASHMIR)

Unit-I (Sultanate Period) a) Introduction to Prominent Sources b) Coming of the Turks: Causes and Consequences c) Polity: A brief Survey d) Administration: Central and Provincial e) Architecture: Features

Unit II (Mughal India) a) Introduction to Prominent Sources b) Foundation of Mughal Rule: Role of Babar c) Akbar as Empire Builder; Mansabdari System; Religious Policy d) Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy e) Mughal Architecture: Features f) Decline

Unit III (Medieval Kashmir – I) a) Establishment of Sultanate b) Early Shahmirs from Shah Mir to Sikandar: Main Developments c) Contribution of Zain-ul-Abidin d) Kashmir under Chaks: Major Developments

Unit IV (Medieval Kashmir – II) a) Mughal Rule in Kashmir: Conquest, Changes in Economy and Architecture b) Afghan Rule in Kashmir: An Assessment c) Sikh Rule: An Appraisal

Suggested Readings:  Chandra Satish, 2003, Medieval India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi.  Rizvi, S.A AA; 1993, The Wonder That was India, Delhi.  Habib and Nizami, Comprehensive History of India Vol. V., Indian History Congress.  Stein,Burton,Vijayanagara,Cambridge University Press.  Richards,J.F,The Mughal Empire,Oxford University Press.  Bamzai, P. N. K., A History of Kashmir, 2nd edn. Metropolitan Book Co., Delhi, 1973.  Hassan, Mohib-ul-, Kashmir under Sultans, Delhi, 1959.  Kak, R. C., Ancient Monuments of Kashmir, New Delhi, 1971.  Kaw, M. A., Agrarian System of Kashmir, Aiman Publications, Srinagar, 2001.  Khan, M. Isaq, Kashmir's Transition to Islam: The Role of Muslim Rishi’s, Fifteenth to Eighteenth Century, Manohar Publishers & Distributors, 1994.  Mattoo, A. Majid, Kashmir under the Mughals, 1586-1752, New Delhi, 1988.  Parmu, R. K., A History of Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1320-1819, People's Publishing House, 1969. 10  Rafiqi,AbdulQaiyum, Sufism in Kashmīr, from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, Bharatiya Publication House, 2009.  Wani, Muhammad Ashraf, Islam in Kashmir: Fourteenth to Sixteenth century, Oriental Publishing House, 2004  Akbar and Kashmir, Presidential Address, Indian History Congress, Bombay Session.

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CR-HS-III (MODERN INDIA/MODERN KASHMIR) Unit-I (Modern India – I)

a) Foundation of British rule: An appraisal of Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar. b) Tools of expansion (Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse) c) Revolt of 1857: Causes and Consequences

Unit-II (Modern India – II)

a) Foundation of Indian National Congress b) Role of Moderates and Extremists c) Foundation of Muslim League: Causes d) Ghandhian Era: Non-cooperation, Civil disobedience and Quit India Movement e) Partition: Causes

Unit-III (Modern Kashmir - I)

a) Foundation of Jammu and Kashmir State: An Appraisal of Treaty of Amritsar b) Nature of Dogra State c) Establishment and Role of British Residency

Unit – IV (Modern Kashmir – II)

a) Political Awakening: Causes b) Foundation of Muslim Conference and its Role c) Conversion of Muslim Conference to National Conference: Causes d) Ideological Scenario on the eve of partition: (National Conference, Muslim Conference, Kisan Mazdoor Conference, Praja Parishad) e) The Issue of Accession

Suggested Readings:

 Chandra, Bipin,Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, K.N Panikar and Sucheta Mahajan.1989.India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi : Penguin Books India.  Chandra, Bipin, Modern India, Orient longman  Sarkar, Sumit, 1983, Modern India, 1885-1947. New Delhi: Macmillan  Grover,B.L.; Advanced History of Modern India, S. Chand  Chand, Tara.1961, History of the Freedom Movement in India.  Bandopadyay, Sekhar; From Plassey to Partition; Orient longman  Bamzai, P.N.K, Political and Cultural History of Kashmir, Vol. III, Srinagar. s  Bazaz, P.N; History of Freedom Struggle in Kashmir.  Bose, Sumantra, The challenge in Kashmir: Democracy, Self Determination and a Just Peace, New Delhi and London: Sage and Thousand Oaks, 1997.Zutshi, Chitralekha, Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional identity, and the Making of Kashmir, Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004.  Ganai. M. Y., Kashmiris Struggle for Independence (1931-39), Moshin Publishers.  Khan, G. H., Kashmir’s Struggle for Freedom, Light and Life, New-Delhi, 1980.  Khan, M. Isaq, History of Srinagar, Aamir Publications, Srinagar, 1978  Rai, Mridu, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004.  Zutschi, U.K; Emergence of Political Awakening in Kashmir.  Dr. Dar Ali Mohd , Trade and Commerce during Dogra Rule in Kashmir 1846-1947.

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CR-HS-IV (THEMES IN INDIAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY)

Unit – I Indian Economy (Ancient Period)

a) Harappan Economy b) Vedic Economy c) Trade under Mauryas d) Gupta Economy: Land Grants & Foreign Trade

Unit – II Indian Economy (Medieval & Modern Periods)

a) Economic consequences of Turkish conquest b) Agrarian Structure under Mughals c) British Colonial Economy I. New Land Revenue Settlements II. Drain of Wealth and De-Industrialization

Unit – III Society and Religion– I (Ancient & Medieval India)

a) Religious Life in Early & later Vedic Period b) Buddhism & Jainism: Emergence & Teachings c) Bhakti Movement: Main Teachings d) Sufi Movement in India: Major orders

Unit – IV Society & Religion (Modern India)

a) Development of Modern Education: Macaulay’s Minutes & Wood’s Dispatch b) Socio-Religious Reform Movements during British Rule I. Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj II. Aligarh Movement c) Dalit Movements: Jyotibha Phule and Bhim Rao Ambedkar.

Suggested Readings:

 Bandopadyay, Sekhar; From Plassey to Partition; Orient longman  Chand, Tara.1961, History of the Freedom Movement in India.  Chandra Satish, 2003, Medieval India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi.  Chandra, Bipin, Modern India, Orient longman  Chandra, Bipin,Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, K.N Panikar and Sucheta Mahajan.1989.India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi : Penguin Books India.  Grover,B.L.; Advanced History of Modern India, S. Chand  Habib and Nizami, Comprehensive History of India Vol. V., Indian History Congress.  Jha, D. N., 1998, Ancient India: A Historical Outline, New- Delhi.  Rizvi, S.A AA; 1993, The Wonder That was India, Delhi.  Sarkar, Sumit, 1983, Modern India, 1885-1947. New Delhi: Macmillan  Sharma, R. S., 2005, India’s Ancient Past, Oxford University Press.  Sharma, R.S. Indian Feudalism, 3rd edition, Macmillan India, Delhi, 2006.  Sharma, R.S. : Early Medieval Indian Society : A Study in Feudalization, Orient Longman, Delhi, 2001.  Stein,Burton,Vijayanagara,Cambridge University Press.  Thapar, Romila, Interpreting Early India, Delhi, 1999. Oxford University Press.

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DSE-HS-I (HISTORY OF INDIA SINCE 1947) Unit – I (India after Independence – I)

a) Legacies of Colonialism: A debate b) Legacies of National Movement: Democracy and Secularism c) Indian Constitution: Salient features

Unit – II (India after Independence – II)

a) Linguistic Re-organization of States b) Major Political Parties (1947-1980) c) Land Reforms i. Tenancy Reforms ii. Abolition of Landlordism iii. Bhoodan Movement

Unit – III (Kashmir after 1947 – I)

a) Major Political Developments i. Formation of Nationalist Government ii. PrajaParishad Agitation iii. Dismissal of Sheikh Mohamad Abdullah

Unit – IV (Kashmir after 1947 – II)

a) Land Reforms with special reference to Big Land Estates Abolition Act (1950). b) Article 370 and Delhi Agreement c) Plebiscite Movement

Suggested readings  Bipin Chandra, MurdulaMukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee: India since Independence  RamchandraGuha: India after Gandhi  Rudolph and Rudolph: In Pursuit of Laxmi  Paul Brass: Politics of India Since Independence  ChitralekhaZutshi: Languages and Belongings  M. Y. Saarf: Kashmniri’s Struggle for Freedom  Mirdu Rai: Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects

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DSE-HS-II (HISTORY OF WORLD 1945-1992) Unit – I

a). World Peace: Formation and role of UNO b). Decolonization of Asia and Africa: A Brief Survey.

Unit – II a). Cold War: Ideological Roots b). Non-Alignment Movement.

Unit – III a). Failure of USSR Economy. b). Emergence of USA as an Economic Power.

Unit – IV

a). Neo-Colonialism: An Introduction. b). The New Technological Revolution.

Suggested Readings:  Albert care, R. 1965, The Meaning of the First World War. UK.  Aston Thomas S, 1977 The Industrial Revolution, Oxford.  Baechler, 1975, Jean, John A. Hall and Michael Mann 1988, Europe and the rise of Capitalism, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.  Carr H E, 1967, International Relations Between two World Wars, McMillan USA.  Cimbala, S. J, 1997, The Politics of Warfare: The Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, Pennsylvania State University Press.  Davis H A, 2007, An outline History of the World, UK.  Droz Jacques, 1967, Europe Between Revolutions, 1815-1848, USA.  Emerson, R., 1962, From Empire to Nation: The Rise to Self-Assertion of Asian and African  Fay S B, 2004, The Origin of World War, Free press UK.  Furedi, F., 1999, The Silent War: Imperialism and the Changing Perception of Race. Rutgers

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DSE-HS-III (THEMES IN WORLD CIVILIZATION) Unit-I (Beginning of Modern World)

a) Renaissance, Emergence & Significance b) Reformation: Role of Martin Luther c) Enlightenment: Features

Unit-II (Age of Revolutions)

a). American Revolution: Causes and Significance. b). French Revolution: Significance c). Industrial Revolution: Causes d). Russian Revolution: Causes and Consequences

Unit-III (20th Century World–I)

a) World War – I: Causes and Consequences b) Rise of Fascism and Nazism: Causes and consequences

Unit-IV (20th Century World–II) a). World War – II: Causes and Consequences b). Cold War and its End

Suggested readings  Lowe, Norman: Mastering World History  Dev Arjun, Indra Arjun: History of Modern World  CharravartyRamjan: A History of Modern World  Perry Marvin: Western Civilization  Hobsbawn Eric: Age of Extremes  Hobsbawn Eric: Age of Empires  Burns Edward: A History of Modern World

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DSE-HS-IV (WOMEN IN INDIAN HISTORY)

Unit-I (Women in Ancient India)

a). Women in Ancient India. b). Women and Property.

Unit-II (Women in Medieval India)

a). Women and Politics. b). Women and Cultural Advancement.

Unit-III (Women in Modern India)

a). Women in Modern Education. b). Women and Indian National Movement.

Unit-IV (Women in Kashmir)

a). Didda and Kota Rani. b). Lalla Ded and Habba Khatoon.

Suggested readings  Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Women and Society in Ancient India, 1994  Altekar, A. S, The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, Secdond revised edition, chs.8,9.  Hiltebeitel, A. and K. Erndl (eds), Is the Goddess a Feminist: The Politics of South Asian  Hirschon, Renee, Women and Property, Women as Property, 1984  Jaiswal, Suvira, “Women in early India: Problems and Perspectives”, Prceddings of the Indian History Congress, 1981, pp.54-60.  Bamzai, P,. (1962) (rep. 1973). A History of Kashmir, (2nd ed.) New delhi: Metropolittan Book Co.  Rakash, K. Koul, The Last Queen of Kashmir, Gulshan Publishers, 2016.  Lawrence, W. R. (1895) (reprint 2005). The Valley of KAshmirr, Srinagar: Gulshan.

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GE-HS-I (THEMES IN HISTORY-I) Unit-I a) Pre-historic India: Phases and Features b) Harappan Civilization: i). Main Features: Town Planning, Crafts, Trade. ii). Decline: Major Theories. c) Vedic Age: Society, Religion, Economy and Polity.

Unit-II a) Non-conformist Movements: Jainism and Buddhism, Main Teachings. b) Mauryan Empire: i. Polity and Administration ii. Ashoka’s Dhamma c) Gupta Age: i. Polity and Administration ii. Changes in Religion iii. Economy

Unit III a) Early Medieval India i. Changes in Polity ii. Nature of Economy iii. Society and Religion: Changes & Continuities b) Foundation of Delhi Sultanate i. Turkish Conquest of India: Significance ii. Consolidation & Expansion: Illtumish, Balban c) Administrative Changes: Allaudin Khilji, Mohammad Tughlaq d) Decline of the Sultanate

Unit – IV a) Foundation of Mughal Empire: Role of Babur b) Sher Shah Suri: Contribution c) Akbar as empire builder: expansion and consolidation (religion & Rajput Policy) d) Art and Architecture: Contribution of Jehangir & Shah-i-Jehan e) Aurangzeb: Deccan Policy f) Decline of the Empire

Suggested Readings:  Agrawal, D.P. and Chakrabarti, D.K. 1979, Essays in Indian Proto-history, New Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. Singh, Upinder. 2009. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from the stone age to the 12th century. Delhi: Pearson Longman  Thapar, Romila, Interpreting Early India, Delhi, 1999. Oxford University Press.  Sharma, R.S. : Early Medieval Indian Society : A Study in Feudalization, Orient Longman, Delhi, 2001.  Sharma, Ram Sharan, Advent of the Aryans in India, Manohar, Delhi, 1999.  Thapar, Romila, The Aryan: Recasting Constructs, Three Essays Collective, Gurgaon, 2008.  Sharma, R. S., 2005, India’s Ancient Past, Oxford University Press.  Chandra Satish, 2003, Medieval India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi.  Rizvi, S.A AA; 1993, The Wonder That was India, Delhi.  Habib and Nizami, Comprehensive History of India Vol. V., Indian History Congress.  Stein,Burton,Vijayanagara,Cambridge University Press.  Richards,J.F,The Mughal Empire,Oxford University Press.

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GE-HS-II (THEMES IN HISTORY – II)

UNIT – 1 (Beginning of Modern World) a) Geographical Explorations: Causes and Impact b) Renaissance and Reformation: A Brief outline c) Age of Enlightenment: Main features

Unit – II (Beginning of Colonial Era in South Asia) a) European Penetration in India: Struggle for Hegemony b) Establishment of British rule in India: Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar c) Colonial Structures and Institutions with special reference to Civil Services

Unit – III (Impact of British Rule and Indian Response) a) Economy: Drain of Wealth and De-industrialization b) Modern Education: Macaulay’s minute & Woods Dispatch c) Socio Religious Reform movements: Brahmo Samaj, Aligarh Movement d) Revolt of 1857: Causes, Failure and Consequences

Unit – IV (British Empire) a) Formation of Indian National Congress b) Role of Moderates & Extremists c) Gandhian Era i. Khilafat & Non-Cooperation Movement ii. Civil Disobedience Movement iii. Quit India Movement d) Freedom & Partition: i. Cabinet Mission Plan ii. Mountbatten Plan iii. Redcliff Commission

Suggested Readings:  Chandra, Bipin,Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, K.N Panikar and Sucheta Mahajan.1989.India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi : Penguin Books India.  Chandra, Bipin, Modern India, Orient longman  Sarkar, Sumit, 1983, Modern India, 1885-1947. New Delhi: Macmillan  Bandopadyay, Sekhar; From Plassey to Partition; Orient longman  Lowe, Norman: Mastering World History  Dev Arjun, Indra Arjun: History of Modern World  CharravartyRamjan: A History of Modern World

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SEC-HS-I (ARCHEOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION)

Unit-I (Archeology):

a). Meaning, Scope and Limitations b). Archeology and other disciplines

Unit-II (Explorations):

a). Tools of Field exploration b). Types of Field Surveys

Unit-III (Excavation):

a). Excavation methods, Stratigraphy b). Dating methods c). Classification of Artefacts and ecofacts

Unit-IV

Archeology sites and monuments of Kashmir.

Suggested Readings:

 Davidson, R, 1989, Tourism, Pitman Publishing, London.  Farid, Syed Aijaz, 2003, Tourism in Kashmir, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi  Inskeep, E, 1991, Tourism Planing- An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, New York.  OECD, 1980, The Impact of Tourism on the Environment, Genral Report, Paris.

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SEC-HS-III (ARCHITECTURE OF KASHMIR)

Unit I

a). Architecture: Nature, Scope and vocabulary b). Archaeological and Cultural Significance of Architecture c). Conservation of Heritage Monuments: Role of Society and State

Unit II

a). Architecture of Kashmir of Ancient Period: Parihaspora, Martand, Avantisvamin and Payar Temples b). Features of Temple Architecture

Unit III

a). Sultanate Architecture: Madni’s Tomb ,Tomb of Zain-ul-Abidin’s Mother b). Wooden Architecture: Shah-i-Hamdan Shrine c). Features of Sultanate Architecture

Unit IV a). Mughal Architecture; Nagar Nagar City, Pathar Masjid, Jamia Masjid, Pari Mahal and Sarais on Mughal Road b). Mughal Gardens: Shalimar, Nishat and Naseem Bagh c). Mughal Architecture, Imagery, Symbolism and Historical Value

Suggested Readings:

 Bamzai, P. N. K., A History of Kashmir, 2nd edition. Metropolitan Book Co., Delhi, 1973.  Brown, Percy, Islamic Architecture, Rep.New Delhi  Hassan,,Mohib-ul-, Kashmir under Sultans, Delhi, 1959.  Kak, R. C., Ancient Monuments of Kashmir, New Delhi, 1971.  Mattoo, A. Majid, Kashmir under the Mughals (1586-1752), New Delhi, 1988.  Parimu, R. K., A History of Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1320-1819, People's Pub. House, 1969.  Ray, S.C. Early History and Culture of Kashmir, 2nd.revd.ed. New Delhi, MunshiramManoharlal Publishers,1970.  Shali, S. L., Kashmir: History and Archeology Through Ages, Indus publications New Delhi,1993.  Sufi, G. M. D., Kashir, 2 Vols. Reprint. New Delhi, 1966.  Villiers-Stuart, C. M., Gardens of the Great Mughals Rep. 2008.

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SEC-HS-III (ORAL HISTORY: AN INTRODUCTION)

Unit I:

a). What is Oral History? b). Historical Perspectives on Oral History Unit II:

a). The evolution of Oral history b). Oral History Ethics

Unit III:

a). Interpreting Oral History b). Sharing Authority in Oral History Unit IV:

a). New Paradigms for Oral History: Documenting Historical events in the present b). Oral History in Context: Analyzing stories of conflict and Disaster in Past and Present

Suggested Readings:

 Cave, Mark and Sloan, Steven, Listening on the Edge: Oral History in the Aftermath of Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2014.  High, Steven. Oral History at the Crossroads: Sharing Authority in Practice  High, Steven. Oral History at the Crossroads  Ritchie, Donald, The Oxford Handbook of Oral History, Oxford University Press, 2011.  Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson, Eds. (2nd edition) The Oral History Reader,NewYork: Routledge, 1998. [Second edition, 2006.]  Thompson, Paul, The Voice of the Past: Oral History, Oxford, Oxford University Press [Third edition 2000].  Ronald Grele, “Evidence”, Handbook of Oral History, edited by: Charlton, Meyers and Sharpless (2006) pp. 43-104.

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