2015 The Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) PIFS Cataloguing-in-Publication prepared this Report with the assistance of a Technical Working Group (TWG). The 2015 Pacific regional MDGs tracking report MDGs TWG consisted of representatives / prepared by the Pacific Islands Forum from ADB, Australian DFAT, SPC, UNDP, Secretariat. Suva, Fiji, Pacific Islands Forum UNESCAP, UNFPA, as well as country Secretariat, 2015. representatives from PNG, Kiribati and 166 p.: col. ill. ; 30 cm. Samoa. Includes bibliographical references. © Copyright Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2015 All rights for commercial /profit ISBN 978-982-202-041-0 reproduction, in any form, are reserved. PIFS authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, 1. Economic policy - Oceania educational or research purposes, 2. Economic development - Oceania provided that PIFS and the source document are properly acknowledged. 3. Social policy –Oceania I. Pacific Islands Permission to reproduce the document in Forum Secretariat any form, whether for commercial /profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. 338.995 2015 dc23 Original text: English ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

2 Prepared by the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

2015 September 2015

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

PART 1 PURPOSE 12

PART 2 SUMMARY BY GOAL 14 Goal 1 Poverty and Hunger 18 Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education 22 Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women 24 Goal 4 Reduce Child Mortality 28 Goal 5 Improve Maternal Health 30 Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS and Other Diseases 32 Goal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability 36 Goal 8 Develop a Global partnership for Development 40

PART 3 SUMMARY BY COUNTRY 44 Cook Islands 46 Federated States of Micronesia 50 Fiji 54 Kiribati 58 Republic of the Marshall Islands 62 Nauru 66 Niue 70 Palau 74 Papua New Guinea 78 Samoa 82 Solomon Islands 86 Tonga 90 Tuvalu 94 Vanuatu 98

PART 4 THE SDGs CHALLENGE 102 Means of Implementation 106 Contextualising the SDGs 109 Follow Up and Review 111

ANNEX 1 Official List of MDGs, Targets and Indicators 112 ANNEX 2 MDGs Assessment and Data Guidelines 114 ANNEX 3 Pacific Leaders Gender Equality Declaration 116 ANNEX 4 Statistical Tables by Country 122 ANNEX 5 Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 138 ANNEX 6 Pacific Consultation on Progress on the Millennium Development Goals and the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Final Report 158 BIBLIOGRAPHY 164

5

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

6 ADB Asian Development Bank MECC Ministry of Environment RMI Republic of the Marshall AIDS Acquired Immune and Climate Change Islands Deficiency Syndrome MESC Ministry of Education, SBOC Statistics, Budget and CEDAW Committee on Sports and Culture Economic Management, the Elimination of MEWAC Ministry of Education, Overseas Development Discrimination Against Women Affairs and Assistance, and Compact Women Culture Management CO2 Carbon Dioxide MFEM Ministry of Finance and SDG Sustainable Development CMI College of Marshall Islands Economic Management Goal COFA Compact of Free MHMS Ministry of Health and SGS Second Generation Association Medical Services Surveillance CSO Civil Society Organisation MISGLB Marshall Islands SIDS Small Island Developing CROP Council of Regional Scholarship, Grant and State Organisations of the Pacific Loan Board SIS Smaller Island State DAC Development Assistance MOE Ministry of Education SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Committee MOFNP Ministry of Finance and Community DFAT Department of Foreign National Planning TB Tuberculosis Affairs and Trade MOH Ministry of Health TCSI Telecommunications DHS Demographic and Health NCD Non-Communicable Commission Solomon Survey Disease Islands DHSA Department of Health and NGO Non-government TWG Technical Working Group Social Affairs Organisation U5M Under-five mortality DOE Department of Education NHIS National Health UN United Nations DOTS Directly Observed Information System UNAIDS Joint United Nations Treatment, Short-course NMDI National Minimum Programme on HIV/AIDS EPPSO Economic Policy, Planning Development Indicators UNSD United Nations Statistics and Statistics Office NSDS National Sustainable Division FIBOS Fiji Islands Bureau of Development Strategy UNDP United Nations Statistics NSO National Statistics Office Development Programme FSM Federated States of NTA National UNESCAP United Nations Economic Micronesia Telecommunications and Social Commission for GAO Government Authority Asia and the Pacific Accountability Office NZ New Zealand UNESCO United Nations GDP Gross Domestic Product ODA Official Development Educational, Scientific and HIES Household Income and Assistance Cultural Organisation Expenditure Survey OECD Organisation for Economic UNFPA United Nations Population HIV Human Immunodeficiency Co-operation and Fund Virus Development UNICEF United Nations Children’s HLPF High Level Political Forum OWG Open Working Group Fund IM Infant Mortality PIFS Pacific Islands Forum UNSD United Nations Statistics Division IMF International Monetary Secretariat Fund PNCC Palau National US United States ITU International Communication USP University of the South Telecommunication Union Corporation Pacific JEMCO Joint Economic and PNG Papua New Guinea WHO World Health Management Committee PSIDS Pacific Small Island Organization MDG Millennium Development Developing States WPRO West Pacific Regional Goal Office

7 One of the key deliverables of the 2009 Forum Compact on Strengthening Development Coordination is to track the progress of Forum island countries (FICs) towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs assessment in this Report is not strictly made against the global targets, as the assessments are contextualised to country realities and supplemented by proxy data and qualitative information. At the deadline for the MDGs, the Pacific has recorded mixed outcomes towards the achievement of the MDGs, with only two countries achieving all the MDGs (Cook Islands and Niue), three countries achieving at least half of the MDGs (Fiji, Palau and Tonga), while the rest of the countries achieved less than half of the goals, with three countries not achieving any of the MDGs (Kiribati, PNG and Solomon Islands). The majority of Forum Island Countries managed to reduce child mortality and achieve universal primary education. However, very few countries made gains in reducing poverty and achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women. Achievements on improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, and ensuring environmental sustainability was mixed. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

8 Reducing poverty (MDG 1) was Through the 2012 Pacific Leaders On combating HIV/AIDS and the biggest challenge for many Forum Gender Equality Declaration, other major diseases (MDG Island Countries as only two countries Forum Leaders reinvigorated their 6), six of the Forum Island Countries (Cook Islands and Niue) met this goal, commitment to lift the status of women achieved this goal, seven countries six countries failed to achieve this goal, in the Pacific and committed to report recorded mixed outcomes, while only while the other six countries recorded annually towards progress on this Papua New Guinea failed to achieve mixed outcomes. In the Pacific, poverty Declaration. Under the Declaration, this goal. Except for Papua New is generally viewed as hardship and Leaders made commitments in six key Guinea, the HIV prevalence rate for measured by the proportion of the areas – gender responsive government most countries is largely insignificant. population living below the basic needs policies and programmes, improving Malaria is endemic to only Papua poverty line. Against this measure, women’s participation in decision New Guinea, Solomon Islands and around 75 percent of the region’s poor making, economic empowerment, Vanuatu, with Solomon Islands and or 2 million people live in Papua New ending violence against women, Vanuatu successfully curbing malaria. Guinea. and improving health and education The majority of the Forum Island outcomes for women and girls. Countries achieved the target to halt Seven Forum Island Countries (Cook and reverse the spread of tuberculosis, Islands, Fiji, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa Nine of the 14 Forum Island Countries with Solomon Islands recording mixed and Tonga) achieved universal achieved MDG 4 to reduce child outcomes and Federated States of primary education (MDG 2), mortality, underpinned by increased Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands and five recorded mixed outcomes, while antenatal services, higher immunisation Papua New Guinea failing to achieve two countries failed to achieve the coverage, exclusive breastfeeding, this Target. target (Kiribati and PNG). Critical to application of the Integrated the success of countries that achieved Management of Childhood Illness Seven of the 14 Forum Island Countries MDG 2 was the provision of free and techniques, as well as access to clean (Cook Islands, FSM, Fiji, Niue, Palau, compulsory education. water and sanitation. Samoa and Tonga) achieved MDG 7 (ensure environmental All the Forum Island Countries except Half of the Forum Island Countries sustainability), four countries Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and achieved MDG 5 (improve failed to achieve this goal, while three Solomon Islands achieved gender maternal health), while only two countries reported mixed outcomes parity in primary and secondary countries failed to achieve the goal (FSM (Nauru, PNG, Solomon Islands and education. However, progress towards and PNG) and the rest of the countries Vanuatu). All Forum Island Countries empowering women was much slower. recording mixed outcomes. have integrated the principles of Consequently, the majority of countries sustainable development into their recorded mixed outcomes towards the national plans in one form or the broader goal of promoting gender equality and empowering women (MDG 3).

9 other. However, only a few (Fiji, assistance was expended in the social Kiribati, PNG and Solomon Islands) infrastructure and services sector, which target the improvement of squatters/ includes education, health and water informal settlements. Many Forum supply and sanitation. These flows Island Countries are facing unique have been instrumental in supporting challenges to achieve sustainable progress towards the MDGs. access to safe drinking water and basic In terms of market access, there are sanitation, which are further aggravated various regional, sub-regional and by increases in both urban and rural bilateral preferential trade agreements populations and by the impact of in place that provide duty free access climate change. to developed markets but only a few While each country is responsible resource-rich countries, particularly for its own development, there was Papua New Guinea and Fiji, are a strong recognition that a range benefiting from these agreements. of support (investments, technical There are opportunities in trade assistance, and debt relief) would in services, particularly tourism, be necessary to achieve the first but developing this sector requires seven goals. This international significant investment in infrastructure. support, which includes drawing on Allowing labour mobility, especially a range of partners, is the global through regional seasonal worker partnership for development programmes, is an important avenue (MDG 8). The global partnership for many Forum Island Countries that focused on a wide range of tools to have limited economic growth and job assist developing countries, especially opportunities. small island developing states. These In terms of debt sustainability, out of the included innovative multi-stakeholder 11 Forum Island Countries surveyed partnerships, addressing systemic debt by the International Monetary Fund issues, the provision of international (IMF), four countries are at high risk of public finance, including official debt distress (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, development assistance (ODA), Samoa and Tuvalu), two countries are at innovative approaches in relation to medium risk of debt distress (Solomon trade, finance and technology, as well as Islands and Tonga), while the rest of the market shaping approaches to facilitate countries are at low risk of debt distress. access to critical goods and services, like medicine. In this regard, developed Although there is lack of data on the countries committed to support proportion of population with access developing countries through ODA, to affordable essential drugs, anecdotal especially to small island developing evidence suggests that essential drugs states; improving access to essential are accessible in most countries. Access drugs, trade, finance and technology; to technology, particularly mobile and to deal comprehensively with debt phones and the internet, has grown problems of developing countries. significantly across the region. Official development assistance to the region doubled between 2005 and 2011 but has since levelled off to around US$2 billion. Approximately two-thirds of official development

10 In September 2015, replacing the In selecting the relevant global SDGs To mitigate this, a thematic area could MDGs, UN member states are indicators to the Pacific context, be considered each year, with complete set to adopt the Sustainable it is important to ensure an open reporting done every five years. Given Development Goals (SDGs) as and inclusive consultation process, the importance of political leadership part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable accounting for national priorities, that in the implementation of the SDGs, it Development. ensures Forum members’ ownership is critical that Forum Leaders continue towards the SDGs. Given that the to oversee the monitoring of the In order to achieve the SDGs, official SDGs are also universal, it is an SDGs at the regional level. At the development assistance will remain opportunity to demonstrate the national level, it is important to focus on critical for most Forum Island Countries, solidarity of Forum members, as a mainstreaming the SDGs into national given the limited availability of domestic group of developed and developing plans, budgets and monitoring and fiscal resources due to narrow countries, working together to achieve evaluation frameworks. economic bases and very small private the SDGs in the region. sector. Given the breadth and depth One of the key lessons of the MDGs of the proposed goals and targets, the In terms of follow up and review, there was that strong political leadership demand for statistics is expected to was value in tracking progress towards and commitment towards achieving increase significantly. These are key the MDGs both at the regional and the MDGs was the catalyst towards areas which will require the continued national level. Countries generally progress. This will remain the catalyst support of development partners. faced difficulty in tracking progress on for the Pacific’s achievement towards an annual basis at the national level so the SDGs by 2030. From the experience of the MDGs, regional monitoring helped fill in the gap the Pacific region was rather slow and retained Forum Leaders’ focus on in its response to the MDGs, with MDGs progress each year. However, many countries only taking the MDGs tracking progress on the SDGs on an seriously close to the MDG Review annual basis will likely prove difficult Summit in 2010. This time around, the given the increased number of goals, region has a good platform to respond targets and indicators. to the challenge of achieving the SDGs by 2030 by building on the momentum of the MDGs. There is also merit in tailoring the global SDG indicators to better reflect the Pacific context and to use these regional indicators to monitor the region’s progress on the SDGs. One of the key lessons learned from monitoring the MDGs at the regional level was the difficulty in monitoring progress against the official MDG indicators as many indicators were not suitable in the Pacific context.

11 Part 1

Forum Leaders affirmed their support In 2009, in response to concerns that for the Millennium Declaration in the region was off-track to achieve September 2000 and later set out the MDGs despite high levels of their Vision for the Pacific in the development assistance, Forum Auckland Declaration of April 2004, Leaders agreed to the Cairns Compact the foundation for the Pacific Plan. on Strengthening Development Endorsed in October 2005, the Pacific Coordination in the Pacific (Forum Plan was designed to strengthen Pacific Compact). The key objective of the regional integration and cooperation Forum Compact is to improve the based on four pillars – economic coordination and use of all available growth, sustainable development, development resources with the aim good governance and security. Until of achieving real progress against the it was succeeded by the Framework MDGs. for Pacific Regionalism in 2014, the One of the main deliverables under Pacific Plan remained the foundation the Forum Compact is to provide an for the region’s efforts towards the annual Pacific Regional MDGs Tracking achievement of the MDGs. Report. This Report is the sixth and final Report under the Forum Compact (see Figure 1). As the deadline for the MDGs is 2015, the Report will highlight how the region has performed against the MDGs. PURPOSE

12 Figure 1. Annual Pacific Regional MDGs Tracking Reports: 2010-2014

The Report also integrates all Forum The Report is structured as follows: member countries’ reporting against Part 2 provides a brief summary their commitments on the 2012 Pacific of the Pacific’s MDGs progress, Leaders Gender Equality Declaration. including progress towards the Pacific Under the Declaration, Leaders made Leaders’ Gender Equality Declaration; commitments in six key areas – gender Part 3 discusses the Pacific region’s responsive government policies and performance against each of the eight programmes, improving women’s goals; Part 4 provides individual country participation in decision making, report cards against the MDGs; and Part economic empowerment, ending 5 looks at the challenge of addressing violence against women, and improving the SDGs. health and education outcomes for women and girls. Finally, the upcoming UN Summit on the Adoption of the Post-2015 Agenda will see the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which replaces the MDGs. The Report will examine the challenge of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) given the lessons learned from the MDGs.

13 Part 2

The MDGs were intended as global targets and not every country is expected to achieve the specific Targets (see Annex 1). It is in this overall context that the MDGs assessment is made for each of the countries. For some Forum Island Countries, given their baselines and small populations, it would be unrealistic to expect the achievement of the specific Targets. In addition, for all countries, there is a lack of comprehensive data on all the MDG indicators, and where data is available, there are concerns about the quality of the data. Given these shortcomings, proxy data, as well as qualitative information, supplement the MDGs assessment (see Annex 2 for more details). SUMMARY BY GOAL

14 This year marks the end of the deadline The majority of Forum Island Countries for the MDGs, which was agreed to managed to reduce child mortality and by UN member states through the achieve universal primary education. 2000 Millennium Declaration. The However, very few countries made Pacific has recorded mixed outcomes gains in reducing poverty and achieving towards the achievement of the MDGs gender equality and the empowerment (see Figure 2), with only two countries of women. Achievements on achieving all the MDGs (Cook Islands improving maternal health, combating and Niue), three countries achieving at HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, and least half of the MDGs (Fiji, Palau and ensuring environmental sustainability Tonga), while the rest of the countries were mixed. achieved less than half of the goals, with three countries not achieving any of the MDGs (Kiribati, PNG and Solomon Islands).

15 Figure 2. Forum Island Countries’ Achievements on the MDGs

COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS NIUE FIJI NIUE NAURU PALAU NIUE FIJI PALAU PALAU FSM SAMOA SAMOA FIJI TONGA SOLOMON IS KIRIBATI TONGA RMI VANUATU FSM NAURU RMI SAMOA SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS FSM TUVALU TONGA KIRIBATI VANUATU TUVALU RMI VANUATU NAURU PNG KIRIBATI TUVALU PNG PNG

Achieved

Mixed POVERTY EDUCATION GENDER Not 16 Achieved Figure 2. Forum Island Countries’ Achievements on the MDGs

COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS FSM FIJI NAURU FSM FIJI RMI NIUE FIJI RMI NIUE PALAU NIUE NIUE PALAU TONGA PALAU PALAU TONGA VANUATU SAMOA SAMOA TUVALU TONGA TONGA FSM TUVALU KIRIBATI FIJI KIRIBATI NAURU KIRIBATI RMI KIRIBATI SAMOA RMI TUVALU NAURU SOLOMON IS SAMOA VANUATU VANUATU SOLOMON IS NAURU TUVALU PNG PNG FSM SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS PNG PNG VANUATU ENVIRONMENT CHILD HEALTH MATERNAL HEALTH MAJOR DISEASES

17 Achieving MDG 1 was the biggest Only Cook Islands and Niue achieved challenge for many Forum Island TARGET 1.A while more than half Countries as only two countries (Cook of the Forum Island Countries failed Islands and Niue) met this goal, six to achieve this target. The region’s countries failed to achieve this goal, progress on reducing poverty was while the other six countries recorded constrained by generally low economic mixed outcomes (see Figure 3). growth, lack of job opportunities and rising prices. The majority of Forum In the Pacific, extreme poverty and Island Countries experienced either its manifestations of starvation and declining or marginal to negative destitution are rare. Poverty is generally economic growth rates in the last viewed as hardship and measured by decade. The GDP per capita growth the proportion of the population living rate was generally negative over the below the national basic needs poverty same period, indicating a decline in line. Against this measure, around 75 household disposable incomes. percent of the region’s poor or 2 million people live in Papua New Guinea. The global financial, food and fuel Papua New Guinea has the largest crises of the late 2000s affected most population of 7 million people. The of the economies in the region, which remaining countries account for roughly worsened prevailing conditions of 600,000 of the poor, of which half this poverty/hardship. The impact was number live in Fiji. Fiji has the second particularly acute for many of the Forum largest population of around 860,000 Island Countries who are resource- people. poor and import-dependent. POVERTY

18 Figure 3. Achievements on MDG 1 TARGET 1A 1B 1C

COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS NIUE NIUE NIUE FIJI NIUE PALAU FIJI FIJI PALAU SAMOA PALAU PALAU SAMOA SOLOMON IS SAMOA SOLOMON IS TONGA SOLOMON IS VANUATU FSM TUVALU TONGA FIJI VANUATU FSM KIRIBATI NAURU KIRIBATI RMI VANUATU FSM RMI NAURU KIRIBATI NAURU PNG RMI PNG SOLOMON IS FSM NAURU SAMOA TONGA KIRIBATI PNG TONGA TUVALU RMI TUVALU TUVALU VANUATU PNG

For instance, in Tuvalu, the proportion Various natural disasters also curbed of the population below the basic needs growth for affected countries. In 2015, poverty line initially fell between 1994 category 5 Cyclone Pam, one of the and 2005 but increased to 26 percent worst natural disasters in Vanuatu’s in 2010. The reversal of gains was likely history, plunged many households a result of the adverse impact of the into hardship, reversing earlier gains. global financial crisis as the economy Vanuatu had recorded a decline in the contracted sharply in 2009. The impact proportion of the population living of the global financial crisis lowered below the basic needs poverty line demand for Tuvalu’s seafarers, resulting between 2006 and 2010. in a decline in remittances, which is an important source of income for most households.

19 Countries across the region also Certain groups within populations The majority of the Forum Island generally experienced rising inflation in are more vulnerable to poverty than Countries failed to achieve full and the last decade, following high global others. Women, particularly in rural productive employment (TARGET 1.B), food and fuel prices . Several Forum areas, are increasingly experiencing with the exception of Cook Islands and Island Countries posted double digit poverty and its effects. Pacific youths Niue, who were the only countries inflation at the peak of the global crises are also highly susceptible to poverty to achieve the Target, as well as Palau in 2008, with Solomon Islands’ inflation and hardship. Young people account and Samoa that recorded mixed soaring to 17.3 percent during that year. for a large proportion of the population outcomes. Job creation is difficult given High inflation erodes the purchasing and many Forum Island Countries the generally low economic growth power of incomes, severely affecting have a significant youth bulge in the outcomes across the countries. Limited poor and vulnerable households. adult working age population. The employment opportunities result median age in the region is 21.3 years. in large youth unemployment and Across the region, income inequalities People with disabilities are also among underemployment across all productive between national and sub-national the poorest and most marginalised age groups, especially in urban centres. levels persist. For example, in Fiji, members of their communities. Palau, Samoa and Tonga, the incidence For many countries, the public sector Disability limits access to education of poverty/hardship is markedly is usually the biggest employer in the and employment and other basic higher in the rural areas compared formal sector and is typically located in social services and leads to economic to the urban centres. High levels of urban areas, while the private sector is and social exclusion, while disabled urbanisation, migration and increasing relatively under-developed. Most rural people and their families face prejudice, monetisation of economies are placing employment is informal or based on discrimination and rejection. significant pressure on typical traditional subsistence agriculture and small-scale supportive social structures. cash cropping and fishing. The informal economy is sizeable for many Forum Island Countries.

20 For countries with limited domestic More than half of the Forum Island While food poverty is not a serious job creation opportunities, seasonal Countries achieved TARGET 1.C, with concern for the region, food security is worker programs provided by Australia the exception of the Federated States a major challenge. Traditionally, Forum and New Zealand, and more recently, of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands Island Countries achieved food security the United States, are providing crucial and Papua New Guinea who failed to through sustainable agricultural and avenues for employment and income, achieve this Target, while Nauru and fishing practices and a reliance on local as well as remittance transfers. Vanuatu reported mixed outcomes. food staples but imported foods are For countries that failed to achieve now filling in the growing demand for Remittances are a particularly important this target, there was relatively high more and a greater variety of foods source of income for most households prevalence of underweight children and that are quick and easy to prepare. in most Forum Island Countries and problems of malnutrition. However, for However, the increasing reliance on provide a lifeline for poorer households, the majority of countries, there were imported food, the decline in local food acting as an informal social protection concerns about overweight children production and the shift in preferences mechanism. For both Samoa and and obesity rather than underweight towards convenient, cheap but Tonga, remittances total almost one- children and food poverty, linked to the nutritionally-inferior foods are placing quarter of their GDP. Remittances are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Pacific populations at greater health also an important source of income for epidemic in the region. risks, such as obesity in children. households in Tuvalu, Kiribati and Fiji and to a much lesser extent in Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.

21 Seven Forum Island Countries achieved universal primary education (TARGET 2.A), five recorded mixed outcomes, while two countries failed to achieved the target (see Figure 4). Critical to the success of countries that achieved MDG 2 was the provision of free and compulsory primary education. Some countries have a long history with this approach such as Cook Islands, Niue, Palau and Tonga, while others have recently introduced fee-free education, such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Solomon Islands. The quality of education remains a concern for all Forum Island Countries. Teacher quality is a major concern for most countries, with high levels of teacher absenteeism in some countries. Many students finish school without basic literacy, numeracy and life skills based on tests administered in a number of countries in primary schools. These tests also indicate the under- performance of boys, which is another challenge in most countries. EDUCATION

22 Figure 4. Achievements on MDG 2

2A

COOK IS COOK IS FIJI FIJI NAURU NAURU NIUE NIUE PALAU PALAU SAMOA SAMOA TONGA TONGA

FSM FSM RMI RMI SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS TUVALU TUVALU VANUATU TARGET VANUATU

KIRIBATI KIRIBATI PNG PNG

In addition, Forum Island Countries are finding it difficult to address the poor state of the physical learning environment of schools, including inadequate learning materials, libraries, information and communications technology and the lack of maintenance of school infrastructure. This challenge is linked to the issue of sustainable financing of education systems and the structure of public expenditure on education, given that in most countries, salaries represent over 90 percent of recurrent government budgets.

23 All the Forum Island Countries except Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education (TARGET 3.A). It was difficult to assess the outcomes for gender parity in tertiary education due to data gaps. However, progress towards empowering women, measured by the share of women in the non-agricultural sector and seats held by women in parliament, was much slower. Consequently, the majority of countries recorded mixed outcomes towards the broader goal, MDG 3, of promoting gender equality and empowering women (see Figure 5). Men outnumber women in paid Women’s representation in parliament employment outside the agricultural in the Pacific is the lowest of any region sector. Higher education for young in the world. The Federated States of women are not leading to better Micronesia (FSM), Palau and Vanuatu employment outcomes due to gender currently have no women in their barriers in labour markets, gendered national parliaments, while FSM remains stereotypes about suitable occupations one of the three countries in the world for women and traditional expectations that have never elected a woman. about women’s unpaid domestic and Across the region, traditional views caring work. The public sector is that leadership is for men continue to usually the largest employer, with most influence electorates. women occupying lower level positions A few countries have considered although there are a growing number of reserved seats at local and national women in some countries holding mid- government levels to improve women’s to senior-level public service positions. political representation, including FSM, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. In 2013, Samoa became the first Forum Island Country to successfully amend its Constitution to introduce a quota system to reserve 10 percent of parliamentary seats or five of the 49 seats for women. GENDER

24 Figure 5. Achievements on MDG 3

3A

COOK IS COOK IS NIUE FSM PALAU FIJI RMI NAURU FSM NIUE FIJI PALAU KIRIBATI SAMOA RMI TONGA NAURU TUVALU SAMOA VANUATU SOLOMON IS TONGA TUVALU TARGET KIRIBATI VANUATU SOLOMON IS

PNG PNG

Violence against women is the most Through the 2012 Pacific Leaders women’s participation in decision pervasive and direct manifestation of Gender Equality Declaration (see Annex making, economic empowerment, women’s disempowerment. Baseline 3), Forum Leaders reinvigorated their ending violence against women, studies for Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New commitment to lift the status of women and improving health and education Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in the Pacific and committed to report outcomes for women and girls. reported over 60 percent of women annually towards progress on this Although it has taken time for Forum had experienced physical and or sexual Declaration. Under the Declaration, Island Countries to respond to the violence. These rates of violence Leaders made commitments in six key Pacific Leaders Gender Equality against women are among the highest areas – gender responsive government Declaration, some progress was noted in the world and is a major barrier in policies and programmes, improving since the last report in 2014 (see achieving all the development goals. overleaf).

25 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

SUMMARY OF PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS THE LAST 12 • Tonga included gender MONTHS priorities such as ending • Fiji appointed a female violence against women Speaker of the House of in their revised national Parliament and introduced development plan. gender inclusive • Australia, Kiribati, PNG parliamentary committees, enacted or revised policies and procedures. CEDAW compliant law • Australia, Marshall Islands, to better address human Palau, Papua New Guinea, trafficking and violence Tuvalu and Vanuatu against women and introduced temporary children. special measures at the • Australia implemented the local level resulting in an 2013 National Insurance increase in the number Disability Scheme Act, of women in local which give effect to governments/councils. CEDAW and the rights • Number of women of women and girls with candidates contesting disabilities. for elections increased in • Palau included gender and Tonga, Marshall Islands and human rights indicators Solomon Islands. in their national census; • Marshall Islands Kiribati considering the considering temporary same for the 2015 Census. special measures. • NZ Statistics and NZ Police developing new set of official statistics on victims of crime. CHALLENGES • Multiple barriers faced by • Kiribati, Palau, Samoa and women including, social, Solomon Islands reviewing cultural and financial national gender policies. factors. • Cook Islands, Kiribati, • Women in senior positions Nauru, Palau, PNG, Tonga, in the public service Tuvalu and Vanuatu drafted remains low, with women National Disability Policies, still primarily concentrated which included addressing in the middle and lower women and girls with ranks. disability as a priority. • In Samoa the Cabinet Development Committee introduced gender assessment measures in their development aid process.

CHALLENGES • National budget processes generally open for submissions but only a few countries support active engagement from civil society. • Inadequate budget and resources to progress gender equality – less than 1% of most governments’ national budgets allocated for national women’s machineries. • Law reform mechanisms lack gender experts. SUMMARY OF PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

26 Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS • Australia introduced the • Australia, Cook Islands, • Niue has updated its • Awareness programs Parental Leave Scheme to Fiji, Kiribati, NZ, Samoa curriculum to eliminate expanded in most FICs. support gender equity in and Tonga reported an gender stereotypes. • Samoa implemented the the workplace; progress increase in the number of noted in the proportion Teen Mums Program to women accessing support address teen pregnancy. of women working services for victims of in traditionally male- violence. CHALLENGES dominated industries such • Increased resources and as mining. • Tuvalu’s Family Protection and Domestic Violence technical support needed CHALLENGES • Papua New Guinea, Bill was passed during to mainstream gender • Costs and access to Solomon Islands, Fiji its second reading in equality issues in the reproductive health and Vanuatu expanded December 2014. education sector. services a barrier, activities to support safe • In FSM, the Kosrae State • Lack of data on women in particularly acute for markets for women selling tertiary education. Smaller Island States, their produce. Family Protection Act was passed on 27 February • Limited reintegration compounded by social, • Palau allocated $75,000 to 2014 and signed into law of programs for young cultural and religious support women-headed on 14 March 2014 pregnant women/mothers. factors. households without • High rates of STIs, income. • Fiji established 38 Zero Tolerance Violence Free especially chlamydia. • Fiji introduced the Care Communities. National reports show and Protection Allowance a strong association to provide social security between intimate partner support for single headed violence and women’s households. CHALLENGES ability to negotiate the use of contraceptives. • Samoa increased the • Prevailing social/cultural salary for women village attitudes and stigma councillors to address prevent reporting of the gender pay gap violence against women. between men and women • Additional resources councillors. required to support implementation of domestic violence CHALLENGES legislation. • Lack of safe houses/ • Enforceability of workers’ shelters and other services rights is lacking as proper for women in most mechanisms, such as countries and in rural and tribunals, are not in place. outer islands. • Lack of data of the level of women’s participation in formal and informal sectors. • Lack of marketing opportunities and access to supply chain. • Lack of reporting on sexual harassment in the workplace.

27 Nine of the 14 Forum Island Countries have achieved MDG 4 (see Figure 6) to reduce child mortality (not strictly assessed against TARGET 4.A for a two-thirds reduction in the under-five mortality rate). According to recent Demographic and Health Surveys, the majority of child mortality is a result of neonatal deaths, which are deaths that occurred during the first 28 days of life. CHILD HEALTH

28 Figure 6. Achievements on MDG 4

4A

COOK IS COOK IS FSM FSM FIJI FIJI RMI RMI NIUE NIUE PALAU PALAU SAMOA SAMOA TONGA TONGA TUVALU TUVALU

KIRIBATI KIRIBATI NAURU NAURU VANUATU TARGET VANUATU

PNG PNG SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS

Overall, the improvement in child water and sanitation is important for health across the region was due to the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases increased access to antenatal services, in children, which is a major cause of higher immunisation coverage, exclusive morbidity and mortality of children. breastfeeding, application of the Forum Island Countries that recorded Integrated Management of Childhood lower under-five mortality rates also Illness techniques, as well as access recorded higher access to safe drinking to clean water and sanitation. Clean water and basic sanitation.

29 Half of the Forum Island Countries achieved MDG 5 (improve maternal health), with only two countries failing to achieve the goal (FSM and PNG) and the rest of the countries recording mixed outcomes (see Figure 7). Costs of accessing health care services, limited resources and lack of specialised professionals, such as obstetricians, in rural areas create additional barriers to realising this goal. Skilled birth attendance was a better indicator for assessing outcomes against TARGET 5.A as the maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births is misleading for countries with populations less than 250,000. This is because the statistical impact of an individual event has a magnified impact. Only Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu have populations greater than 250,000. The lack of a standardised definition for maternal deaths in the region further complicated assessment on this Target. The nine countries that achieved this Target reported close to 100 percent skilled birth attendance and a lower number of maternal deaths. Fewer countries (Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue and Palau) achieved universal access to reproductive health (TARGET 5.B), with most countries recording mixed outcomes and four (PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu) failing to achieve the Target. The contraceptive prevalence rate is relatively low across all countries, most recording below 40 percent. Use of contraceptives is important for maternal and infant health, as it prevents unintended or closely spaced pregnancies, and pregnancy in very young women, which can be risky. Teenage pregnancies also increase the risks of complications or even death. Nauru, Marshall Islands and Vanuatu recorded very high adolescent birth rates (>80 per 1,000 females). Social and cultural attitudes impact on women’s voice and decision making on sexual reproductive health and violence against women contributes to the low uptake of family planning and contraceptives. MATERNAL HEALTH

30 Figure 7. Achievements on MDG 5 TARGET 5A 5B

COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS FIJI FIJI FIJI RMI RMI NIUE NIUE NAURU PALAU PALAU NIUE TONGA PALAU FSM TUVALU SAMOA KIRIBATI TONGA RMI TUVALU KIRIBATI NAURU NAURU TONGA SAMOA KIRIBATI TUVALU SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS VANUATU VANUATU PNG SAMOA FSM FSM SOLOMON IS PNG PNG VANUATU

Antenatal visits allow for appropriate Unmet need for family planning Geographical constraints and population interventions vital to ensure maternal describes women (married or in a dispersion affects effective service and infant health. Most Forum Island consensual union) who are fecund delivery, while low demand for family Countries had a high rate of antenatal and sexually active that do not use any planning services may be associated coverage (at least one visit). However, method of contraception but want to with preference for large families, the World Health Organisation avoid or delay pregnancy. There is misconceptions and inadequate recommends a minimum of four sparse data available for this indicator information on contraceptive choices. antenatal visits and for countries where but high teenage fertility rates indicate data is available, antenatal coverage for there is likely high unmet need for at least four visits is much lower. family planning.

31 COOK IS NAURU NIUE PALAU TONGA VANUATU

FSM FIJI KIRIBATI RMI SAMOA SOLOMON IS TUVALU

PNG

Almost half of the Forum Island Countries achieved MDG 6 (combat HIV/AIDS and other major diseases), with six countries recording mixed outcomes and two countries failing to achieve this Goal (see Figure 8). MAJOR DISEASES

32 Figure 8. Achievements on MDG 6 TARGET 6A 6B 6C.i 6C.ii

COOK IS FSM SOLOMON IS COOK IS FSM FIJI VANUATU FIJI KIRIBATI RMI NAURU RMI PALAU NIUE PNG NAURU SAMOA PALAU NIUE SOLOMON IS SAMOA PALAU TONGA COOK IS TONGA TONGA TUVALU FSM TUVALU VANUATU VANUATU FIJI VANUATU KIRIBATI RMI KIRIBATI SAMOA NAURU SOLOMON IS PNG SOLOMON IS NIUE TUVALU PALAU FSM COOK IS SAMOA KIRIBATI FIJI NAURU TONGA RMI PNG NIUE TUVALU PNG

The HIV prevalence rate for most With regards to treatment for HIV/ However, the high incidence of STIs, countries is largely insignificant AIDS, except for Kiribati and Papua low condom use, low comprehensive (<0.01%), with nine countries New Guinea, all other countries correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS and achieving TARGET 6.A (curb the spread achieved universal access to mobility of residents indicate that the of HIV/AIDS), three countries recording antiretroviral therapy for all those who spread of HIV/AIDS remains a serious mixed progress and two countries needed it (TARGET 6.B). Treatment risk for many countries. failing to achieve the Target. Papua coverage for those with advanced HIV New Guinea accounted for 98 percent infection is less than 100 percent in Fiji of around 30,000 reported HIV/AIDS and Marshall Islands as some declined cases in the region. However, there treatment for various reasons, including is a high probability of under-reported side effects, as well as fear of stigma and cases for most countries. discrimination. There are no advanced HIV cases that require treatment in the Cook Islands, Nauru and Niue.

33 Malaria is endemic to only Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. While Solomon Islands and Vanuatu achieved TARGET 6.C.i to halt and reverse the incidence of malaria, Papua New Guinea failed to achieve this Target. Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Papua New Guinea. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea exacerbates the incidence of malaria, as those infected with HIV are vulnerable to malaria. Children under five years and pregnant women are also vulnerable to malaria. Solomon Islands and Vanuatu achieved the target of curbing the spread of malaria through strong government commitment, donor support and effective distribution of bed-nets. In the Solomon Islands, ethnic conflict in the early 2000s reversed gains made in the 1990s but following the end of ethnic conflict in 2003, the fight against malaria resumed and significant progress was made in malaria control. MALARIA

34 The majority of the Forum Island Kiribati has the highest prevalence Countries achieved the target to curb and incidence rates of tuberculosis in the spread of tuberculosis (TARGET the region. High-density housing and 6.C.ii), with Solomon Island recording overcrowding in urban areas such mixed outcomes and Federated States as Betio provide ideal conditions for of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands transmission. For Papua New Guinea, and Papua New Guinea failing to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is a major achieve this Target. challenge in curbing the spread of tuberculosis, with many reported cases of co-infection. Kiribati also reported cases of co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. Outbreaks of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the Chuuk State of the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as similar cases detected in the Marshall Islands make it difficult for these countries to contain tuberculosis

35 TUBERCULOSIS Seven of the 14 Forum Island Countries have achieved MDG 7 (ensure environmental sustainability), four countries have not achieved this goal, while three countries reported mixed outcomes (see Figure 9). All Forum Island Countries have integrated the principles of sustainable development into their national plans in one form or another. Most national development plans address COOK IS reducing biodiversity loss, fisheries FSM and water and sanitation (especially FIJI related infrastructure). Climate NIUE change and sustainable energy are PALAU also national priority areas of many SAMOA countries, while key sectors such as TONGA agriculture and tourism usually have an environmental sustainability component. However, only a few (Fiji, Kiribati, KIRIBATI PNG and Solomon Islands) target the RMI improvement of squatters/informal TUVALU settlements. Eight of the Forum Island Countries NAURU achieved TARGET 7.A and TARGET PNG 7.B. Only Nauru, Papua New Guinea, SOLOMON IS Solomon Islands and Vanuatu failed VANUATU to achieve these targets, while Kiribati and Marshall Islands recorded mixed outcomes.

36 ENVIRONMENT Figure 9. Achievements on MDG 7 TARGET 7A 7B 7C 7D

COOK IS COOK IS COOK IS FIJI FSM FSM FIJI FIJI FIJI NIUE COOK IS KIRIBATI KIRIBATI PALAU NIUE NIUE NIUE TONGA PALAU PALAU PALAU SAMOA SAMOA FSM FSM TONGA TONGA NAURU NAURU TUVALU TUVALU SAMOA SAMOA TONGA TUVALU TUVALU RMI RMI VANUATU KIRIBATI NAURU NAURU KIRIBATI RMI PNG PNG RMI PNG SOLOMON IS SOLOMON IS PNG SOLOMON IS VANUATU VANUATU SOLOMON IS VANUATU

37 The assessment for TARGET 7.C was not strictly based on the quantitative target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Rather, the assessment was based on improvements made towards improving access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, also accounting for qualitative information. Only five countries (Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Palau and Tonga) achieved this Target, while five other countries recorded mixed outcomes and four countries failed to achieve the Target. Many Forum Island Countries are facing unique challenges to achieve sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, including small communities living in remote areas; limited and extremely vulnerable water resources; a shortage of human and financial resources; high vulnerability to climate variability and natural hazards risk such as drought and floods. These challenges are further aggravated by increases in both urban and rural populations in most countries and by the impact of climate change. WATER & SANITATION

38 There are significant data and information gaps to properly assess outcomes against TARGET 7.D (improve the lives of slum dwellers). Anecdotal evidence suggests that Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu failed to achieve this Target, while Fiji recorded mixed outcomes. There has been an increase in the number of very poor squatters in urban areas of Suva (Fiji), Honiara (Solomon Islands) and Port Moresby (PNG). This is due to lack of access to affordable land and safe housing. High-density housing and lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation are major challenges for Kiribati and Marshall Islands. In Vanuatu, according to the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey, almost 30 percent of the population in Port Vila were living in makeshift houses. The situation worsened in 2015 from the impact of Cyclone Pam. The Government of Fiji made a concerted effort to address adequate housing for all and the 2013 Constitution recognises the rights to housing. As part of its poverty alleviation strategy, the Government of Fiji spent FJD$23m between 2003 and 2014 to improve the living conditions of squatters. Government efforts also included improving security of tenure. There was insufficient information to make an assessment for FSM, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga and Tuvalu, while there were no informal settlements in Cook Islands, Niue and Palau. SLUM DWELLERS

39 ODA TO THE PACIFIC

The achievement of the first seven goals was predicated on the effective support of developed countries through a global partnership for development (MDG 8). Developed countries committed to support developing countries through official development assistance (ODA), especially to small island developing states; improving access to essential drugs, trade, finance and technology; and to deal comprehensively with debt problems of developing countries. Official development assistance to the region doubled between 2005 and 2011 but has since levelled off to around US$2 billion. Donor countries account for roughly 80 percent of ODA The Pacific region receives higher while multilateral institutions make up ODA per capita (US$222) than any the balance. Australia accounted for half other region but this is a reflection of the ODA to the region in 2013. The of the peculiar vulnerabilities and United States, New Zealand, European characteristics of the Pacific small Union (including aid from European island developing states. These Institutions) and Japan are the other special characteristics include small major donors. The Asian Development size, isolation, vulnerability to Bank, World Bank and the Global Fund climate change and sea-level rise, as (to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis well as susceptibility to natural and and malaria) are the major multilateral environmental disasters, which makes sources of ODA to the region. it more costly for aid delivery in the region. Marshall Islands, Tuvalu and FSM are highly dependent on official development assistance, which accounts for around 40 percent of each of the countries’ gross national income. Marshall Islands and FSM are heavily dependent on the Compact of Free Association grants from the United States. While Palau also receives similar grants, it has been able to diversify its economy through tourism development and is less dependent on aid. MDG 8

40 ODA TO THE PACIFIC

US$M 250 287 383 Multilateral 247 1842 1716 Donor Countries 1629 1636 207 217 1225 134 1164 184 121 1045 965 888

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: OECD.Stat accessed 3 August 2015

2013 AU 51%

Global Fund 2% World Bank 3% Other 4% US 11%

ADB 6% Japan 6% NZ 10% EU 7%

Source: OECD.Stat accessed 3 August 2015

Approximately two-thirds of official the nation following ethnic tensions in Aid fragmentation remains an development assistance was expended early 2000. Solomon Islands remained issue, with calls for simpler and less in the social infrastructure and services heavily dependent on aid post-2000, fragmented aid delivery modalities sector, which includes education, with ODA as a percentage of gross being addressed through country efforts health, water supply and sanitation. national income peaking at 67 percent supported by regional initiatives under These flows have supported gains in 2010 but has since fallen to 30 the Forum Compact on Strengthening towards the MDGs, particularly in the percent in 2013. Development Coordination. case of the Solomon Islands, where increased aid flows helped rebuild

41 In terms of market access, there are various regional, sub-regional and bilateral preferential trade agreements in place that provide duty free access to developed markets but only a few, resource-rich countries, particularly Papua New Guinea and Fiji, are benefiting from these agreements. Most countries have limited natural resources and compounded by the distance to markets, their export potential is quite low. Non-tariff and technical barriers to trade, such as quarantine, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and standards, are also a major barrier for many countries in fully capitalising on these preferential trade agreements. For example, the South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Co-operation Agreement provides Forum Island Countries duty free access to Australia and New Zealand but is criticised for stringent rules of origin requirements and non-tariff/technical barriers. Similarly, under the Compact of Free Association agreement with the United States, FSM, Palau and Marshall Islands have duty free access to the US market for goods that meet 35 percent local content but quarantine requirements are a major barrier to fully utilising this facility. However, there are opportunities in trade in services, particularly tourism, but developing this sector requires significant investment in infrastructure. Allowing labour mobility, especially through regional seasonal worker programmes, is an important avenue for many Forum Island Countries that have limited economic growth and job opportunities. MARKET ACCESS

42 In terms of debt sustainability, out of the 11 Forum Island Countries surveyed by the International Monetary Fund, four countries are at high risk of debt distress (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tuvalu), two countries are at medium risk of debt distress (Solomon Islands and Tonga), while the rest of the countries are at low risk of debt distress. Cook Islands, Niue and Nauru are not surveyed by the IMF. Although there is lack of data on the proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs, anecdotal evidence suggests that essential drugs are accessible in most countries. Access to technology, particularly mobile phones and the internet, has grown significantly across the region.

43 DEBT, DRUGS & TECHNOLOGY Part 3 SUMMARY BY COUNTRY

44 Mixed

Insufficient Achieved Information

Not Achieved Not Applicable

45 COOK ISLANDS

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Poverty and its Long history of providing Gender parity in education manifestation of starvation free and compulsory basic achieved. Women’s and destitution not a education dating back to economic participation problem. High GDP per 1896. Net enrolment and increasing but concerns over capita. Citizens have access literacy rates high – both pay disparities. Highest to NZ job markets and at 96% for 2014 and 2011, proportion of women in welfare systems. Good respectively. Decline in parliament (17% in 2014) in access to essential services. the survival rate to the last the Pacific. But income inequality grade to 87% in 2014 due between Rarotonga (main to outmigration. Govern- island – tourist-based ment focussed on improving economy) and outer islands the quality of education. (subsistence economy). Households affected by rising cost of living. Government committed to developing outer islands.

TARGET 1.B Emigration of workers major concern. Population declined steadily to an estimated 15,300 in 2015 since it peaked at 21,323 in 1971. Mass exodus in late 1990s after a severe national financial crisis. Outmigration continues. Consequently, of the working-age population remaining, 64% employed in 2011.

TARGET 1.C Hunger is not an issue. Major concern is not with underweight children but with overweight children.

46 The Cook Islands is made Capital: Avarua on Rarotonga up of 15 islands located Land: 240 sq km south east of Samoa and EEZ: 1.8 million sq km south west of Tahiti. The Population: 15,200 (2013) GDP per capita: USD$13,478 Islands are divided into two Language: English (official), groups, the Northern Group Cook Islands Maori and the Southern Group. Currency: New Zealand dollar, Almost three-quarters of the Cook Islands coins population live on Rarotonga. Economy: Tourism, offshore banking, black pearls, agriculture

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B National target is to National target is to Zero reported cases but High forest cover. CO2 maintain a low under-five maintain a low maternal high prevalence of STIs, and emissions up. Zero use of mortality rate. Under-five mortality rate. Maternal coupled with low condom ozone-depleting substances. mortality rates declined deaths are a rare use, mobility of residents Long history of protected to 5.7 (2009-13) from 26 occurrence. Between 1990 and high number of tourists, areas or nature reserves. (1996-02), while the infant and 2012, only 2 maternal the spread of HIV/AIDS is Ecological sustainability one mortality rate declined deaths, recorded in 1992 still a risk. of eight priority areas in to 3.6 (2009-13) from and 1995. 100% skilled national plan. Government 16.1 (1990-97). Trends birth attendance in 2008. also focussed on renewable consistent with the TARGET 6.B energy to reduce reliance increase of the measles on fossil fuels. immunisation coverage to Not applicable – zero 100% in 2010 from 83% in TARGET 5.B reported cases. 2001. Child mortality rates 100% antenatal coverage in TARGET 7.C significantly low compared 2008 and one of the highest to international standards. recorded contraceptive TARGET 6.C.i 100% of population using Public health care for prevalence rates in the an improved drinking children up to 16 years of Pacific (46% in 2005). No malaria in the Cook water source, with age is free. Major challenge However, teen fertility rate Islands. 97% using an improved is provision of quality health a concern as it doubled to sanitation facility in 2012. services to the outer islands. 68 (2009-13), which is also Government focussed on higher than the developing TARGET 6.C.ii improving the quality of country average of 56. drinking water and ensuring TB not a concern. No new more reliable sources to cases. Cook Islanders, as well as improving the management of sewage, animal waste and wastewater.

TARGET 7.D There are no squatters or informal settlements in the Cook Islands.

47 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS The Family Law Bill yet to Since July 2014 elections, 4 be enacted; awareness and of 24 seats held by women; consultations underway. female Speaker of the Capacity support on House (non-parliamentary production and analysis member appointment). of sex disaggregated data UNDP-supported project completed and gender to improve gender indicators will be covered mainstreaming at the in next census. National parliamentary level Gender Policy in place to commenced in 2015. support women’s economic Increase in women’s development and eliminate representation in top tier violence against women. management in the public service – six out of 16 ministries are headed by MAJOR women. CHALLENGES Gender-mainstreaming into MAJOR public decision making and policy analysis remains a CHALLENGES challenge. Discussions ongoing on proposals to reform electoral processes, including introduction of FUTURE temporary special measures. PLANS No steps towards reserve seats for women or political Institutionalise gender party quotas. responsiveness into government policies and programmes as identified in the National Policy on FUTURE Gender Equity and Women’s Empowerment. PLANS Gender mainstreaming training at parliamentary level. Establish a network of gender focal points in each Government department. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

48 COOK ISLANDS

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS With support from the A comprehensive study Gender parity achieved; Ongoing implementation Australian Government on family and sexual based result of ongoing programs of reproductive health Pacific Women Shaping violence was launched in and policies. Progress programs. Pacific Development, 2014, providing the first noted in the area of inclusive several initiatives supporting ever in-depth study on education, particularly women’s economic family violence. A formal for women and girls with development commenced referral mechanism to disabilities. MAJOR in 2015. Engaged key support services for victims CHALLENGES training service providers involving the police, health, Social and cultural barriers and business groups to justice system and the Child that limit women’s uptake promote mentoring services and Family Unit has been MAJOR on key services. for women and business developed and is currently CHALLENGES development qualifications. being trialled. Increased Changing mind-sets of funding allocated to NGOs the general community, through the Australian key sectors and service FUTURE Government Pacific MAJOR providers. Women Shaping Pacific PLANS CHALLENGES Development Initiative to Conduct ongoing Overall very limited data provide legal services for counselling and information in the area of women’s women seeking protection FUTURE sessions for women on their from domestic violence. wellness and reproductive economic empowerment to PLANS inform policy decisions. Family Law Bill training and health rights. consultations underway; Gender-sensitive led by Parliamentary curriculum. Select Committee – Bill FUTURE will provide increased PLANS protection orders for families. Advocacy and Strengthen capacity of awareness programs have relevant Government contributed to an increase in Ministries and Agencies, reported cases of domestic including the island councils violence. and NGOs to support women’s access to and benefit from new economic opportunities. MAJOR CHALLENGES Small close knit communities create obstacles for reporting on domestic violence.

FUTURE PLANS Systems and services improved through the enactment and implementation of the Family Law Bill and review of the Crimes Act. Raise awareness of workplace sexual harassment issues Source: Cook Islands Gender and Development Division Gender Equality Project and measures to address Activity Progress Report December 2014. them. 49 FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Evidence of growing Net enrolment and survival Gender parity in education hardship. Chuuk has the rate to the last grade de- achieved at all levels. highest proportion of its clined to 83% (2014) and However, low economic population below the 86% (2007-09), respectively participation of women. basic needs poverty line, but could be a result of Better access to education while Yap has the smallest. outmigration. Chuuk and not translated into increased Pohnpei has relatively more Kosrae States most affected participation in the formal working poor than the other by emigration due to its sector. Likely due to states. Poverty in Kosrae poor economic outcomes. deeply entrenched beliefs widespread but less severe. Decline in survival rate to in the traditional role of Government recognises the last grade in Chuuk women. Also, general need for a targeted related to outmigration. lack of job opportunities poverty strategy but yet to Kosrae doing comparatively so women turning to materialise. better due to favourable subsistence lifestyles. FSM geography (easier to attend among the few FICs that school compared to other do not have any women in States), as well as strong parliament. In 2010, a Bill TARGET 1.B influence of Church. Access was introduced to reserve Decline in US Compact of to education in Pohnpei fair- four seats in parliament Free Association grants led ly good. Data issues for Yap for women but it lapsed to a decline in government prevent proper analysis. as it was not returned to expenditure – public sector Congress for consideration jobs declined across all following referral to the the States. Private sector Committee on Judiciary stagnant, contributes little to and Governmental job creation. More people Operations. As any change turning to the informal involves amending the sector or to outmigration Constitution, it will need to (citizens able to emigrate to pass a referendum and be and work in the US). approved by 75% of the people in three of FSM’s four states.

TARGET 1.C Prevalence of underweight children remain a concern. Households falling below the food poverty line not necessarily suffering from hunger but from poor diet practices and inadequate nutrition.

50 Federated States of Capital: Palikir on Pohnpei Micronesia comprises 607 Land: 700 sq km islands lying in an arc along EEZ 2.9 million sq km the equator. It is a federation Population: 103,000 (2013) of four semi-autonomous GDP per capita: USD$3,235 island States in geographic Language: English (official), sequence from east to west – Micronesian languages Kosrae, Pohnpei, Chuuk and Currency: United States dollar Yap. Half the population lives Economy: Fisheries, in Chuuk. agriculture

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Decline in under-five and Data indicate maternal Up until 2013, 38 reported High forest cover. Adopted infant mortality rates since deaths declined but under- cases, with 3 known ‘Green Energy Micronesia’ 1990 to 36 and 29 in 2010, reporting widespread and living cases. Increase in initiative to increase energy respectively. Consistent data gaps an issue. Skilled community education, efficiency, expand renewable with the increase in the birth attendance a concern. testing, diagnostic and energy and increase measles immunisation Authorities recognise clinical skills and capacity conservation. Eliminated coverage to 91%. A likely maternal mortality still a since access to antiretroviral use of ozone-depleting contributory factor to the problem. US Compact treatment was introduced substances. Embraced positive results was the of Free Association grants in 2007 has improved ‘Micronesia Challenge’ to increased support provided prioritise spending on health knowledge and attitudes increase protected areas. by WHO and UNICEF but improving maternal towards HIV/AIDS. in rolling out child and health missing in national maternal health care and plan. TARGET 7.C immunisation programs TARGET 6.B since 2006. Ensuring sustainable access 100% treated in 2013. TARGET 5.B to safe water a challenge. Antiretroviral treatment Access to sanitation Low contraceptive use is free through the public improved but still relatively (40% in 2009) because health system. low. Water and sanitation of poor service delivery issues are particularly due to geography, lack problematic in Chuuk. of supplies and cultural/ TARGET 6.C.i religious beliefs against contraceptive use. Teenage No malaria in FSM. fertility rates halved. No TARGET 7.D data for antenatal coverage, No data but anecdotal but recognised as a major TARGET 6.C.ii challenge. Although no evidence suggests pockets Multi-drug resistant TB data for unmet need for of informal settlements. complications. Inadequate family planning, relatively treatment due to shortages high fertility rate for women of skilled staff, medication, above 35 years, indicate and funding. Multi-drug likely to be some unmet resistant TB also affecting need. directly observed treatment short course.

51 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Government officials Women continue to be received capacity building well represented in the training on gender statistics. middle and lower ranks of Revised National Disability government at both federal Policy to better support and state level but scarcer women and girls with in upper ranks. Conducted disabilities. No progress leadership training programs reported on legislative for women in the public reforms to better address service. sexual assault, employment and maternity. MAJOR MAJOR CHALLENGES No women elected in the CHALLENGES 2015 elections; no women Cultural mores encourage registered as candidates. differential treatment. Cultural factors limit Gender budget is less women’s representation in than 1% with 1 full time government. The proposal staff dedicated for gender on reserve seats for women mainstreaming and policy in parliament has not work. No specific Gender progressed. Policy in place. National Development Plan has gender priorities yet monitoring and tracking FUTURE progress needs to be PLANS strengthened. Targeted leadership training, Women’ s Practice Parliament and progressing FUTURE the proposal on reserve seats. PLANS Submission of CEDAW Report to the United Nations. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

52 FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Maternity cover Incorporated domestic None reported. None reported. implemented in the private violence response in sector. police training curriculum. Chuuk Women’s Advisory Council received a grant MAJOR MAJOR to build a multi-purpose CHALLENGES CHALLENGES MAJOR centre, including a shelter Primary/secondary Low contraceptive use for victims of domestic CHALLENGES enrolment and drop-out is high risk for STIs violence. Kosrae State rates for boys is an emerging especially chlamydia. Close Cultural and social norms Family Protection Act was concern, together with the knit families are a key create barriers for women’s passed on 27 February retention of adolescent girls. challenge to confidentiality, appointments to leadership 2014; came into legal effect compounded with lack of positions. There is an 14 March 2014. Pohnpei awareness of reproductive absence of gender equality Domestic Violence Bill health services. measures and quotas. redrafted. FUTURE PLANS FUTURE MAJOR Education sector policies FUTURE and programs to integrate PLANS PLANS CHALLENGES gender specific targets. Allocate/mobilise resources Strengthening collaboration No private facilities to for sexual reproductive between government, shelter women subject to health and rights programs private sector, civil society violence. and Island Councils to raise awareness and to increase economic access to essential services. opportunities for women. FUTURE PLANS Allocate/mobilise resources towards establishment of shelters for victims of domestic violence.

Source: Federated States of Micronesia Universal Periodic Review Report and US Human Rights State Report

53 FIJI

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Poverty rates fell, led by Close to 100% net enrol- Gender parity in education urban households. Rural ment rate (2013), survival achieved at all levels but low areas showed no decline in rate to last grade (2010) participation in employment poverty. Many households and literacy rate (2008). in the non-agricultural near the poverty line so Progress led by dedicat- sector (34% in 2007), with vulnerable to falling below ed government support, many disparities prevailing poverty line. Government as well as development – lower pay for women and committed to addressing partner assistance. In 2010, fewer women represented poverty. Government introduced on executive decision- bus fare/transportation as- making levels in government sistance for school children and the private sector. One from disadvantaged families, of the highest proportions of TARGET 1.B as well as provision of free women in parliament in the Employment numbers tuition and text books. Pacific (16% in 2014). down between 1996 and 2007. Unemployment rate increased from 3.7% to 8.6% in the same period due to adverse effects of the 2000 and 2006 coups and various natural disasters. Around 28% of workers in vulnerable employment in 2007. Economic recovery since 2010 but latest data not available to make a proper assessment.

TARGET 1.C Underweight children and food poverty not a concern. Authorities more concerned about overweight children and malnutrition due to poor diet practices, linked to the NCDs epidemic.

54 Fiji is located northeast of Capital: Suva New Zealand and comprises Land: 18,333 sq km EEZ 1.3 an archipelago of more than million sq km 332 islands, of which 110 Population: 859,200 (2013) GDP per capita USD$4,572 are inhabited. There are two Language: English (official), major islands – Viti Levu and iTaukei, Hindi Vanua Levu. One-quarter of Currency: Fiji dollar the population resides in the Economy: Tourism, Ba province on Viti Levu. manufacturing, agriculture and forestry

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Fiji’s national target is to National target is to reduce Low prevalence country Efforts to address reduce the under-five the maternal mortality but exponential increase deforestation date back mortality rate to 20 (per ratio to 20 (per 100,000 in reported cases. In the to the 1950s but threats 1,000 live births). In 2013, live births). Fiji recorded 1990s, 1-2 new cases to forest resources the under-five mortality significant decline in the reported annually, growing remain. CO2 emissions rate declined to 18; the maternal mortality ratio to 30 new cases in the low. Use of ozone infant mortality rate also fell to 19 in 2013 from 60 in 2000s and over 60 new depleting substances up to a low of 14. Progress 1995. 100% skilled birth cases post-2010. In 2012 since 2000 – Fiji is phasing led by good obstetrical attendance in 2013. and 2013, 62 and 64 new out these substances and services, introduction of cases were reported. High ozone depleting substance the integrated management prevalence of STIs. No data consumption should be nil of child care and antenatal on condom use. No data on by 2015. Environmental strategies. Drop in the TARGET 5.B HIV/AIDS knowledge. and biodiversity issues measles immunisation Reproductive health mainstreamed in national coverage to 80% in 2013 services widely available, and sector policies. Fiji from 86% in 1991 an area including for adolescents, currently has 48 terrestrial of concern. but access in rural areas TARGET 6.B protected areas, with eight needs improvement. High Antiretroviral treatment nature reserves. antenatal care (95% in is free through the public 2010) but relatively low health system. 70% contraceptive use (38% in receiving antiretroviral TARGET 7.C 2013) and upward trend in treatment. teenage pregnancies. No Access to safe water and data on unmet need for sanitation increased to family planning. 96% and 87% in 2012, TARGET 6.C.i respectively. Government No malaria in Fiji. focussed on improving access in rural areas.

TARGET 6.C.ii TARGET 7.D TB prevalence, incidence and death rates down, No data but many squatter consistent with increase settlements a major in treatment success rates concern. Government under the directly observed spent FJD$23m between treatment short-course. 2003 and 2014 on squatter resettlement programmes. Government also provided re-settled squatters with more secure land tenure and allocated funds to assist re-settled squatters through sustainable farming.

55 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Implementation of Fiji Parliamentary the sexual harassment Committees included provisions in the gender performance Employment Regulation targets. September 2014 Decree. Some steps Elections saw more women undertaken to support candidates and resulted in gender responsive budgeting an increase in women in across line ministries. parliament. Speaker of the House a woman.

MAJOR MAJOR CHALLENGES Less than 1% of the total CHALLENGES national budget allocated to No steps undertaken the Department of Women. towards quota or Lack of capacity across reserve seats for women government to drive gender in parliament. Only 2 mainstreaming. permanent Secretaries are women. Women in executive positions in the public service is still less FUTURE than 10%. PLANS Gender mainstreaming, particularly for agriculturee FUTURE and fisheries sectors. Efforts towards gender PLANS responsive budgeting. National Gender Policy to guide implementation and montiring of women’s decision making at all levels. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

56 FIJI

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Introduced Care and Progressed the Gender parity is reinforced Food voucher program Protection Allowance to Memorandum of through the government’s targets rural women provide social security Understanding between the free and compulsory to minimise pregnancy support for single headed Fiji Police and Ministry of education program and related complications. households. Safe Markets Social Welfare, Women and administrative measures Implemented Wellness Program expanded. Poverty through the delivery such as free transport. training program. Implemented several of training programs for Matua Program successful formal and informal sector police officers. Established as more girls entered programs to benefit women. 38 Zero Tolerance Violence University. More programs planned Free Communities. MAJOR for women in the rural and Increased partnerships CHALLENGES maritime area. Increased between communities, Limited resources in the access to bank accounts and government and NGOs to MAJOR form of skilled personnel loans for women. support services for victims CHALLENGES as a result of brain drain, of violence and implement Addressing the social as well as lack of adequate prevention programs. and cultural factors that facilities, equipment and MAJOR contribute towards girls transportation in rural areas. CHALLENGES dropping out of school. MAJOR Challenges in securing Ownership and access better jobs after school. to land is a challenge for CHALLENGES FUTURE women. Need to address None reported. PLANS the micro and communal level based discrimination FUTURE Raise awareness on against women. adolescent health. Better FUTURE PLANS collaboration between More support required government and NGOs in PLANS by way of grants and this area. FUTURE Support for Fiji Police scholarships for girls and PLANS to expand their services women at tertiary level for victims of violence. and improving women’s Raise awareness on Improve access for targeted participation in male women’s productive groups of women such dominated fields. resources and ensuring as women and girls with equitable macroeconomic disabilities, women living policies. with HIV, sexual minorities and Indo-Fijian women and girls in rural communities.

Source: Fiji’s National Report on the 20 Year Review of the Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action 2014.

57 KIRIBATI

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Hardship prevailing. Net enrolment rate and Gender parity in education Economy recovered from survival rate to the last achieved in primary school. global financial crisis but grade declined. Most More girls attending high driven by infrastructure primary schools (93) located school; emerging concern projects so unlikely to in the outer islands, with on getting boys to enrol and create enough jobs to pull only 10 located in South stay in school, especially households out of hardship. Tarawa. Primary education high school. Increase in is free, schools provide women in the non- textbooks and there is agricultural sector from automatic promotion for 37% in 2010 to 47% in TARGET 1.B students up to Form 3. Fall 2010. Representation in 44% employment-to- in net enrolment rates due parliament increased – four population ratio in 2010. to transportation issues, women elected in 2011. 30.6% unemployment both in the outer islands and High domestic violence rate. Lack of employment in South Tarawa. Also, due against women. opportunities. Public to lack of jobs, there is low sector the major employer. perceived value of educa- Limited private sector tion, particularly in the outer employment. Opportunities islands. Concerns over the exist in seafaring industry quality of education. and regional seasonal employment schemes.

TARGET 1.C High prevalence of underweight children (23% in 2009). Food poverty particularly in the outer islands. Impact of high population, competition/ over-exploitation of fishing grounds, and high prices of imported rice makes it difficult for households to meet their daily needs.

58 Kiribati, lying roughly Capital: Tarawa between Hawaii and Land: 726 sq km Australia, consists of 33 EEZ: 3.6 million sq km low lying atolls, 21 of which Population: 108,800 (2013) are inhabited. The capital GDP per capita: USD$1,651 of South Tarawa consists Language: English, Kiribati of a number of islets Currency: Australian dollar connected through a series Economy: Aid, remittances, of causeways, located in the copra, fisheries Tarawa archipelago.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five and infant Maternal deaths declined, 58 cumulative cases to There have been several mortality declined to 53 and while skilled birth 2014. New cases of HIV/ initiatives to improve 26 in 2013, respectively. attendance increased. AIDS have fallen since its policy and some major 91% measles immunisation Traditional birth attendants peak of 10 cases reported in gains in the proportion of coverage in 2013. Only a declined and those 1996. No cases reported in protected land and marine few outbreaks of vaccine- remaining received 2010, 2011 or 2012. One areas. Through ‘Micronesia preventable diseases. basic midwifery training. was reported in 2013 and Challenge’, established the Diarrhoeal diseases and Integrated child and two in 2014. High incidence Phoenix Islands Protected respiratory infections major maternal care programs in of STIs, poor self-referral for Area, the largest marine causes of mortality linked to place. treatment, and low condom protected area in the water and sanitation issues. use remain a concern. world. Strong advocate Free from polio since 2002. for emissions reductions. Gaps in delivery of quality Extremely vulnerable to health services, especially to TARGET 5.B climate change - parts of the highly dispersed outer Teen fertility increased, 88% TARGET 6.B Tarawa are submerged from islands. antenatal care coverage in Currently, 28 people higher sea levels. 2009, low contraceptive living with HIV, with 6 on prevalence (22% in 2009) antiretroviral treatment0; and evidence of unmet need whereabouts and status of for family planning (28%). 22 not known. Accessibility TARGET 7.C Broad range of reproductive to HIV testing facilities and Access to clean water health services available availability of health care improved but remains but culture, tradition and providers an issue. High low at 67% in 2012. religious views major levels of stigma and fear Water quality issues. barrier, particularly in the could be discouraging Contamination of the outer islands. HIV positive people from groundwater and dry spells accessing treatment or disrupts water supplies. publically disclosing their Access to proper sanitation status. improved but remains low at 40% in 2012. Untreated sewerage disposed at various ocean outfalls. TARGET 6.C.i Open defecation remain No malaria in Kiribati. an issue.

TARGET 6.C.ii TARGET 7.D TB prevalence and Squatter settlements in incidence rates tripled, South Tarawa growing despite improvement in from migrants from the treatment rates under outer islands. Squatters in directly observed treatment Betio live in poor housing, short-course. High-density cramped conditions and housing and overcrowding poor access to clean water in urban areas ripe for and proper sanitation. transmission. Some Betio has one of the highest reported cases of co- population densities in the infection of TB and HIV in world, similar to Hong Kiribati. Kong.

59 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Conducted consultations Women in senior on draft CEDAW Report. management positions CEDAW complaint laws received capacity building enacted - Children Young training. Increase in women Persons and Family in senior management Welfare Act, Education roles in the public service Act, and amendment – all heads of the three of the Kiribati National diplomatic missions Provident Fund Act that oversees are women. ensures women spouses can become beneficiaries of deceased member’s estate. Submitted second MAJOR Universal Periodic Review CHALLENGES Report. Incorporated Social and cultural barriers gender indicators for the are strong; high prevalence 2015 Census questionnaires. of violence against women. Newly established Ministry Women lack the skills for Women developed and confidence to run for its strategic plan and parliament. No progress expanded its resources (staff recorded in the area of increased). reserve seats in parliament. 4.3% of seats held by women in local government MAJOR - no indication of measures to improve these numbers. CHALLENGES Less than 1% of the total national budget allocated to the Ministry for Women. FUTURE PLANS Preparations for improving FUTURE women candidates for next next elections. Women’s PLANS Practice Parliament. Finalise National Gender Training for women in local Policy and CEDAW Report. government. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

60 KIRIBATI

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Feasibility Study on Endorsed Kiribati Shared None reported. A number of initiatives Women’s Economic Implementation Plan. introduced, including Empowerment. Increase in the number the Health Outreach of women reporting on Programme for Equity. domestic violence. MAJOR MAJOR CHALLENGES CHALLENGES Educations costs, including MAJOR MAJOR for lunch and transport. Employment Law Reform Lack of gender sensitivity CHALLENGES stalled. Number of state- CHALLENGES in school and in curriculum. Women’s access to health owned enterprises that have There is no shelter for Girls’ enrolment improved; services and specialised at least one woman sitting in victims of violence. There boys dropping out of school obstetric care is a their boards is relatively low. is a lot of stigma around this an emerging issue. challenge for outer island Lack of data on economic issue, which contributes communities. Low rates of opportunities. Limited to under-reporting and contraceptive use increases market opportunities for withdrawal of complaints. the risks to STIs and women. FUTURE contracting HIV. PLANS FUTURE Gender mainstreaming in FUTURE the education sector. FUTURE PLANS PLANS Roll out Family Peace PLANS Institute leadership and Act Implementation Plan, Awareness and education mentoring programs for including training for key programmes on sexual women entrepreneurs. stakeholders. Strengthen reproductive health, law enforcement capacity. including in school Implement prevention curriculum. Develop programs by raising Reproductive Maternal awareness and mobilising Neonatal Child Adolescent communities. Establish Health Program. a shelter for women and children.

Source: Kiribati National Statement Commission on the Status of Women 59th Session

61 REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A No data on poverty. Decline in net enrolment Gender parity in education Hardship likely. Economic rate but survival rate to achieved in primary and recovery from global last grade improved. High tertiary education. More financial crisis concentrated literacy rates. Lack of im- girls attending secondary in a few sectors. No social provement in net enrolment school. Low economic safety net and high inflation. rate likely a result of both a participation. Matrilineal Rising unemployment and drop-out effect, as well as a society where land rights financial hardship on many push-out effect. Insufficient pass through women but of the outer islands. number of seats in primary men usually delegated schools, particularly in the authority to exercise congested urban areas of and control these rights. Majuro and Ebeye, underpin Only one woman in the TARGET 1.B push-out phenomenon. 33-member parliament US Compact of Free (Nitijela), unchanged since Association grants expire 1990. A number of women in 2024 so Government serving in prominent focussed on fiscal self- government positions, sufficiency. Expenditure including as ministers. More cuts necessary – wage cuts, women employed in the civil service rationalisation. private sector but in low- Few private sector jobs. paying positions. High unemployment. Some prospects in growing fisheries sector.

TARGET 1.C Prevalence of underweight children declined but still high. No data on food poverty.

62 Republic of the Marshall Capital: Majuro Islands is located north of the Land: 181 sq km equator half way between EEZ 2 million sq km Australia and Hawaii. RMI Population: 54,200 (2013) consists of two roughly GDP per capita: USD$3,325 parallel chains of 29 coral Language: English, atolls and 5 single coral Marshallese islands – 20 atolls and 4 Currency: United States dollar islands are inhabited. Close Economy: Aid, fisheries to half the population live in the capital.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five mortality and Low maternal deaths, Low HIV/AIDS prevalence Slow progress in infant mortality rates have consistent with high skilled with 26 cases reported mainstreaming sustainable declined steadily, consistent birth attendance. Increase cumulative to 2013. Two development principles and with the increase in the in trained personnel at the new cases reported during practices into planning and measles immunisation hospitals and in the outer 2011-13, presented as development processes. coverage. islands. Also, strengthening co-infection with TB. High CO2 emissions increased of pre- and postnatal STIs, low levels of HIV/AIDS but negligible. Government programs, hiring of qualified knowledge and unprotected examining renewable expatriate medical staff, sexual activity among youth energy technologies. Use of purchase of modern a concern. ozone depleting substances monitoring equipment, fallen after RMI banned its and improvement of the importation, sale and use. off-island medical referral Established the Remaanlok system. TARGET 6.B Conservation Plan to meet/ 8 people living with HIV, of exceed targets under the which seven are currently ‘Micronesia Challenge’. on antiretroviral treatment. TARGET 5.B One person stopped Low contraceptive use. treatment due to side Teen fertility declined but effects. TARGET 7.C still high at 85% in 2011. Despite data reporting 92% antenatal cover in 95% of population using 2011. Low reported TARGET 6.C.i improved drinking water unmet need based on vital sources in 2012, various registration statistics but No malaria in RMI. studies indicate serious likely under-reported due concerns over water to weak reporting systems. quantity and quality Strong influence of culture TARGET 6.C.ii problems. Access to clean and religion so difficult to sanitation an issue (76% in openly discuss sexual and Significant increase in TB 2012), particularly in densely reproductive health issues, incidence and prevalence populated areas where especially among young rates. Environmental households have poor people. conditions underpin lack of sanitation facilities, some progress. Ebeye accounts with none at all. for majority of new cases due to overly crowded and poor sanitation conditions. Densely populated TARGET 7.D conditions in the Darrit- Rural to urban migration Uliga-Delap area of the leading to densely populated Majuro atoll also a concern. villages in Majuro and Ebeye that usually have poor housing and poor access to clean water and proper sanitation.

63 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Consultations on draft Targeted training and CEDAW Report. National advocacy for women in Statistics Office and other leadership contributed to key government officials 138 women contesting the received capacity building 2015 Elections, of which 4 training on gender statistics women contesting seats in and indicators. parliament (Nitijela).

MAJOR MAJOR CHALLENGES CHALLENGES Less than 1% of total No steps taken towards national budget allocated to enactment of provisions for Department of Women. reserve seats for women in parliament. Limited resources for campaigning, prevailing social attitudes, FUTURE outdated legislation creates PLANS an unequal playing field for women candidates. Complete National Gender Policy, including strategies for gender mainstreaming. FUTURE PLANS Reivew of the National Plan on Advancing Women’s Decision Making. Training and support towards women contesting for elections. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

64 REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Government continued to Secured funding for the More women entered into Ongoing awareness provide grants to support establishment of counselling formal education. programs. women weavers’ access to services. Uptake on external markets. Women accessing services for Entrepreneurs RMI, new victims of violence NGO, set up to strengthen improving. Conducted MAJOR MAJOR women entrepreneurs. . advocacy and training CHALLENGES CHALLENGES programs on the Family Limited re-integration Costs faced by women Safety Act. programmes for drop-outs; living in outer islands who MAJOR girls drop out due to family have limited access to CHALLENGES obligations and pregnancy. professional obstetric or MAJOR gynaecological care as it is Limited funding and only available in the urban technical expertise to CHALLENGES centre. High rates of implement programmes. Social and cultural barriers FUTURE teenage pregnancy. Inadequate laws to address contribute to low levels PLANS sexual harassment and no of reporting. No steps Programmes to support girls progress noted in changing towards reforming sexual completing school into the the labour laws to ensure offences provisions to FUTURE workforce. Targeted re- maternity protection and impose higher penalties integration programmes. PLANS equal pay for equal value for all forms of violence, Resources to support of work. including for trafficking. centralised screening, immunisation, early detection and family FUTURE FUTURE planning training. PLANS PLANS Explore opportunities for Implement Family Safety women in the fisheries Act. Establish counselling sector and expansion of centre. markets for women in the cultural industry. Progress Employment Law reform.

Source: National Beijing Review Republic of Marshall Islands – 2014

65 NAURU

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A 1 in 4 people below basic Increase in net enrolment Achieved gender parity in needs poverty line according rate to 93% in 2013 from education but concerns over to 2006 HIES. Economy 75% in 1992. Primary the enrolment of boys at the generally contracted in education is free for all high school level. Without 2000s, except for a slight students, including the recent data, difficult to reprieve in 2008 due provision of textbooks. gauge the trends in women’s to renewed mining of Government prioritised its economic participation. In secondary phosphate. As spending on the education June 2013, Nauru elected a Nauru faces significant sector and in 2011, passed woman to parliament – the economic challenges and the Education Act, which last time a woman was limited job opportunities, among other initiatives, elected was in the 1990s. likely that hardship takes parents to task if their prevailing. children are truant. Survival rate to last grade at 93% in 2011. TARGET 1.B Employment-to-population ratio declined to 47% in 2011 from 84% in 2002. Unemployment rate at 23% in 2011. Since 2012, the re-opening of the Australian immigration detention centre has created job opportunities.

TARGET 1.C Low prevalence of underweight children. Concerns over overweight children as Nauru has one of the highest rates of obesity in the world. Fair degree of food poverty in the aftermath of local financial crisis in 2004 but since the economic recovery and stabilisation of Government, situation has improved. Nauru imports majority of its food items and there is a general shortage of fresh local produce.

66 Nauru is an oval-shaped Capital: No official capital island located in the south- Land: 21 sq km western Pacific Ocean, 42km EEZ 320,000 sq km south of the equator. In Population: 10,500 (2013) the 1970s Nauru had the GDP per capita: USD$6,954 highest GDP per capita in the Language: English, Nauruan world due to its phosphate. Currency: Australian dollar But phosphate reserves Economy: Aid, phosphate were exhausted and poor management led to a sharp decline in wealth.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five and infant No data on maternal Nauru had no registered Mined-out phosphate lands mortality declined. Drug deaths but 97% skilled HIV cases among the local cover almost 90% of the shortage has affected birth attendance and high population at the end of island. Years of strip-mining measles immunisation antenatal coverage (95%) 2013. phosphate left behind a coverage, at 65% in 2010. in 2007. Nauru has an barren landscape of deep Even though child mortality absence of traditional pits and tall pillars. Removal has fallen, it is still relatively birth attendants, easy of natural vegetation and high for a small population. access to the Hospital, TARGET 6.B topsoil from over 70% of high antenatal coverage Zero reported cases. land area so most of the and administers integrated island uninhabitable and child and maternal and safe barren. Degradation of motherhood programs. (inland) topsoil through TARGET 6.C.i phosphate mining limits land No malaria in Nauru. for agricultural use. Low environmental awareness TARGET 5.B and lack of protected Nauru has a low TARGET 6.C.ii areas hinders environment contraceptive prevalence promotion efforts. Low number of TB cases. rate (36% in 2007), consistent with relatively TB treatment improved high unmet need for family under directly observed planning (24% in 2007). treatment short-course. TARGET 7.C Teenage birth rate fell but Proportion of the population still high at 94 for the 2009- using an improved drinking 11 period. water source has risen to 96% in 2012 from 93% in 2000. No improvement in using improved sanitation facilities between 1990 and 2012, remaining at 66%.

TARGET 7.D Anecdotal evidence suggests informal settlements exist in some parts of Nauru.

67 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Consultations on draft Conducted training CEDAW Report. Public programs. Service Act undergoing review. Work in progress on Nauru Gender Stocktake Report. MAJOR CHALLENGES Majority of women are MAJOR concentrated in lower level positions and are CHALLENGES on the middle or bottom Less than 1% of total thirds of government salary national budget allocated scales. Women’s multiple to Department of Women. responsibilities are not fully Limited resources and acknowledged or supported capacity to implement through government policy gender mainstreaming. and this makes it more difficult for women than men to take up high level FUTURE positions. PLANS Implement National FUTURE Women’s Policy and Stock take recommendations. PLANS Finalise CEDAW Report. Women’s Practice Parliament. Review of National SIS Action Plan on Advancing Women’s Decision Making. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

68 NAURU

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Work in progress on Penal Code under review. Implemented National Increase in the uptake of National Action Plan Commissioned study on Education Policy. family planning methods. on Women’s Economic prevalence of violence Reviewed the National Empowerment. More against women; study in final Reproductive Health Policy. women employed in the stage of completion. Safe Gender Advisor working Refugee Processing Centres. House refurbished; provides MAJOR with the health sector on counselling services, CHALLENGES gender mainstreaming implementing “Building issues. More girls drop out of families for life” program, MAJOR schools due to pregnancies. counsellors conducting No programs on gender CHALLENGES gender sensitisation mainstreaming in education workshops for government MAJOR Limited employment sector. opportunities for women. departments, institutions CHALLENGES and communities. More Shortage of staff in the women accessing the safe health system and limited house. FUTURE FUTURE awareness campaigns makes PLANS it difficult for women to be PLANS Explore measures to proactive about their health. Implement National Plan MAJOR support employment for of Action on Women’s CHALLENGES girls and women after Economic Empowerment. school. Programmes FUTURE Social stigma on violence targeting boys retention in against women. Under- schools. PLANS reporting of cases. Lack of Secure funding to expand legal protection for victims reproductive health services of violence. for women and girls.

FUTURE PLANS Recruit a professional counsellor. Development of a health worker protocol and referral system.

Source: Nauru National Beijing Review Report 2014

69 NIUE

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Poverty not a concern. 100% net enrolment Achieved gender parity in With free education and and survival rate, with education in primary and health services, and most high literacy rate (98% in secondary education. More Niuean families growing 2011). Education is free girls attending tertiary their own food crops or and compulsory for children institutions. Relatively high fishing for subsistence, the between the ages of 5 and participation of women in level of financial hardship is 16. Due to close consti- the non-agricultural sector limited. tutional relationship with (46% in 2011) and good New Zealand, Niue’s school representation in parliament curriculum based on the (15% in 2014). Women’s New Zealand Curriculum participation in national and TARGET 1.B Framework, contextualised local government is high. Population decline a major to Niue’ s situation. Niue historically offered concern. Outmigration, women equality under especially to New Zealand. the law and equal access Of the working-age to social and economic population remaining, 67% services. in employment in 2011. Government the main employer with around 400 employees. Only 14% in vulnerable employment in 2011.

TARGET 1.C Zero prevalence of underweight children. Land tenure system allows free access to land for subsistence farming, as well as to the sea, where Niueans fish for food.

70 Niue is a raised coral atoll in Capital: Alofi the southern Pacific Ocean, Land: 259 sq km northeast of New Zealand EEZ 390,000 sq km in a triangle between Tonga, Population: 1,500 (2013) Samoa and the Cook Islands. GDP per capita: USD$10,358 Niue has 14 villages, with Language: English, Niuean one-third of the population Currency: New Zealand dollar or approximately 490 people Economy: Tourism, fisheries living in Alofi, the capital. and agriculture

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Niue’s national target is Niue’s national target is to Zero reported HIV/AIDS Slight decline in estimated to have zero child deaths. have zero maternal deaths cases. High proportion forest cover but remains Between 2007 and 2011, and since the 1980s, no of the population with high at 73% in 2010. CO2 of 124 live births, there reported maternal deaths. comprehensive correct emissions negligible and were only two under-five Outcomes consistent knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Niue has not used ozone- deaths in 2011, with one with 100% skilled birth depleting substances since infant death. 100% measles attendance. 1990. Sustainable use and immunisation coverage in management of Niue’s 2011. All Niuean citizens TARGET 6.B natural resources and enjoy free quality health Niue has zero reported environment for present care services. TARGET 5.B HIV/AIDS cases. and future generations is Teen fertility rate declined one of six pillars in Niue’s and one of the lowest national plan. in the region (20 for the period 2007-11). 100% TARGET 6.C.i antenatal care coverage. No malaria in Niue. Easily accessible and high TARGET 7.C quality reproductive health 100% access to clean water services. No data on unmet and proper sanitation. need for family planning. TARGET 6.C.ii No new cases. TB not a concern. TARGET 7.D No squatters or informal settlements in Niue.

71 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS New family law bill None reported. proposed to address issues of family wellbeing. Government provided grant to the National Council of Women to support MAJOR programs on gender CHALLENGES equality. No steps taken towards enactment of provisions for reserve seats for women in MAJOR parliament. Lack of support for women in leadership. CHALLENGES Women actively participate Niue has yet to implement in village council but are legislative reforms following under-represented at the the CEDAW Legislative senior management level in Compliance Review. Less the public service. than 1% of total budget allocated to Department of Women. FUTURE PLANS FUTURE Women’s Practice Parliament. PLANS Review National Youth Policy, establishment of Human Rights Committee and implementation of CEDAW legislative compliance. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

72 NIUE

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Grants provided to women ‘No drop’ policy is widely Niue has updated its Free reproductive health to start up micro-finance used. New Family Law curriculum to eliminate services provided. and livelihoods project. Bill provides protection gender stereotypes measures for victims of however still an issue at the domestic violence. primary level. Increasing MAJOR MAJOR number of girls taking carpentry and mechanics. CHALLENGES CHALLENGES MAJOR Accessibility to services No legal protection for might be a challenge, those employed in the CHALLENGES MAJOR particularly for young private sector. Domestic violence not people. formally reported and the CHALLENGES ‘no drop’ policy is limited as None reported. FUTURE it is not legally enforceable. No facilities such as a safe FUTURE PLANS house, counselling and PLANS rehabilitation. FUTURE Review the existing Improving accessibility employment schemes and PLANS and awareness for young legislation. Boys continue to be slightly people. FUTURE behind girls in educational achievement. Niue will PLANS be working on a tracking Participate in the Family system to monitor progress. Health and Safety Study. Enactment of the Family Law Bill.

Source: Niue Gender Stocktake Report 2015

73 PALAU

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A 2006 HIES reported one in High net enrolment (90% Gender parity in secondary four people below the basic in 2011), survival to the last education achieved. needs poverty line. High grade (93% in 2005) and lit- Palau is a matriarchal and cost of living and relatively eracy rates (100% in 2013). matrilineal society where low wages of immigrant Traditionally, Palauans place women traditionally hold workers in the tourism a high value on education. positions of power and sector contribute to the The Government provides respect. While less likely level of households that free public education for to participate in the formal fall below the basic needs all levels for all citizens and labour market, when poverty line. Rural-urban allocates a high level of women do enter the differences minimal due to expenditure on education. workforce, on average, they compact geography, high Legislation mandates school earn more than men. In GDP and relatively low level attendance for children 6-17 the public service, women of subsistence production. years of age. dominate the Judicial branch of government and many sit on public sector boards and commissions. But women TARGET 1.B remain under-represented Relatively high level of in the national congress, employment (65% in 2012). cabinet and top echelon of Unusual labour force profile the civil service. Palau has – more jobs than Palauan a bicameral parliament with workers due to mismatch three of 13 Senate (upper between market demand house) seats occupied by and labour force skills. women but no women in Many Palauans opt out of the House of Delegates the labour force or emigrate (lower house). to the US for jobs.

TARGET 1.C Low prevalence of underweight children (2% in 2010). No food poverty. Malnutrition widespread due to poor diet practices and high incidence of / obesity.

74 Palau lies southeast of the Capital: Koror Philippines and consists Land: 487 sq km of 8 principal islands, with EEZ 600,900 sq km more than 250 smaller Population: 17,800 (2013) ones. The islands share GDP per capita: USD$11,810 maritime boundaries with Language: English, Palauan Indonesia, the Philippines, Currency: United States dollar and the Federated States Economy: Tourism, aid, of Micronesia. Around 77 fisheries percent of the population live in the capital.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five and infant Since 1990, Palau recorded 10 reported HIV/AIDS cases Palau has prioritised mortality declined only one maternal death in up until 2013. Palau’s HIV/ environmental sustainability significantly. Compact 1993. Result of universal AIDS programme focuses in its national plans and geography, good access to prenatal and on awareness, education, ratified many environmental transportation and obstetric services at low screening and prevention. treaties and conventions. communications or no cost. High skilled Aggressive outreach and Low CO2 emissions. infrastructure, high level birth attendance and education program targeting Government implementing of health expenditure and antenatal care coverage. youth. strategies to reduce reliance well-developed health Health officials concerned on fossil fuels through care system ensure health over increase in high risk renewable energy. Long services accessible to all. pregnancies due to maternal tradition of protected areas. Government also provides obesity and prevalence of TARGET 6.B Exceeded the targets set by health services either obesity-related NCDs. All people living with the ‘Micronesian Challenge’. free of charge or at highly HIV in Palau that require subsidised rates. Palau antiretroviral therapy are follows US immunisation receiving the drugs for free. protocols – vaccinated TARGET 5.B TARGET 7.C at 2 years. Children fully Despite the availability, High access to clean water immunised by 36 months accessibility and affordability (95% in 2010) and proper range between 95 and 98 of contraceptives, the TARGET 6.C.i sanitation (100% in 2012). percent. contraceptive prevalence No malaria in Palau. rate is low (22% in 2010). Adolescent birth rate has increased to 37 in 2013 and TARGET 7.D is an area of concern. TARGET 6.C.ii No squatters/informal Low number of TB cases settlements in Palau. and elimination of TB a possibility.

75 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Consultations on the Center for Women’s Convention on the Rights of Empowerment a new NGO the Child and Convention established in 2014 active on the Rights of Persons in advocating for women’s with Disabilities Reports. political leadership. Established legislation for maternity leave and developed regulations on day care facilities. Included MAJOR gender and human rights CHALLENGES indictors in national No steps taken towards census. Key government enactment of provisions for officials received gender reserve seats for women in mainstreaming training. parliament. Completed National Gender Policy.

FUTURE MAJOR PLANS CHALLENGES Women’s Practice Parliament. Less than 1% of total national budget allocated to Department of Women.

FUTURE PLANS Establish a resource centre for women and children. Establish gender focal points within each ministry to coordinate better with the Department of Women. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

76 PALAU

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Palau Congress Ministry of Health program Palau National Scholarship Continued implementation appropriated $75,000 to in place to provide services Office, Palau Community of national policy and support households without and referrals for victims College and Palau program on sexual income, including for of violence. Counselling International Coral reproductive health women headed households. services provided but Reef Center provided services. uptake low. AGs Office scholarships for women. conducted awareness and MAJOR training workshops for MAJOR Ministry for Justice staff. MAJOR CHALLENGES Disseminated advocacy and CHALLENGES awareness material on the Lack of comprehensive CHALLENGES Resources to support the Palau Family Protection Act. Labour Policy to address Lack of gender comprehensive national gender equality in the mainstreaming in the policy and program on workplace. Prevailing education sector. sexual reproductive health attitudes against equality and MAJOR services. rights for migrant workers, including women. CHALLENGES FUTURE No shelters in place for FUTURE victims and no support PLANS services for women and girls FUTURE Monitor gender equality PLANS with disabilities. PLANS measures through the Pacific Adoption of National Health Education Development Policy for Women. Development of Women’s Framework. Economic Empowerment FUTURE Plan/ Strategy. Explore women’s opportunity in the PLANS tourism sector. Improve enforcement of existing protective legislation, particularly for human trafficking.

Source: Palau National Beijing Review Report

77 PAPUA NEW GUINEA

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A 2 million people remain Net enrolment rate Gender parity in education poor and/or face hardship. increased to 86% in 2012, improved since 1990 but Key challenge is to translate but survival rate to the last short of reaching equality. economic benefits from grade (57% in 2009) and Women’s employment in mineral wealth into broad- literacy rates (63% in 2009) the non-agricultural sector based improvements in remain low. Unlikely to low, given large subsistence living standards. Social have met national targets – economy. Three women challenges include low levels 85% gross enrolment rate, in parliament from one of education, poor housing 70% cohort retention ratio previously but still low and lack of access to clean and 70% youth literacy representation (3% in water and proper sanitation. ratio. Major obstacles re- 2014). Before 2012 TB is eclipsing HIV as a lated to ‘in-school’ (lack of elections, Government significant issue influencing educational infrastructure, introduced a Bill to allow poverty. PNG likely achieved absenteeism and financial 22 reserve seats, out of its national target of a 10% barriers), and ‘out-of- 109, but could not get the reduction in people below school’ (lack of parental sup- Bill passed. Gender based the lower poverty line. port, low value of education violence widespread and due to limited jobs, as well key barrier. as law and order problems) TARGET 1.B factors. HIV/AIDS epidemic High proportion of also adversely affected people employed in education outcomes. subsistence sector so high Government progressively vulnerable employment abolished fees since 2010 and underemployment. to improve access, which Formal employment likely raised the student-to-teach- increased due to liquefied er ratio. Compulsory natural gas project and other education legislation in place infrastructure development since 2013. projects, including for the 2015 Pacific Games. Very small proportion in wage employment. Urban unemployment rate high, especially among youths. Government focussed on expanding job opportunities in the small and medium sized business enterprise sector. HIV/AIDS epidemic and high TB burden affects productive capacity.

TARGET 1.C High prevalence of underweight children (27% in 2010), concentrated in the Northern (Momase) region, although very few children severely underweight. Unlikely to have met national target of a 9% reduction in the proportion of underweight births to total 78 births. Papua New Guinea is located Capital: Port Moresby on the western edge of the Land: 463,000 sq km Pacific ocean, between the EEZ 2.4 million sq km equator and north east of Population: 7,398,500 (2013) Australia. The geography GDP per capita: USD$2,088 is diverse and, in places, Language: English, Tok Pisin, extremely rugged. It is Hiri Motu the largest of the FICs in Currency: Kina land mass and population. Economy: Agriculture, Majority of the population live fisheries, forestry, mining in rural areas.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five and infant Maternal mortality ratio Recent data and analysis Rigorous regulatory mortality increased and (711) is one of the highest indicate that PNG’s HIV regime in place but relatively high. PNG most in the Asia Pacific region, epidemic is concentrated lack of compliance and likely met its more modest consistent with the low level in certain geographical enforcement major issues. national targets of an under- of skilled birth attendance locations and certain key Funding for maintaining five mortality rate of 72 (40% in 2010). High level populations rather than PNG’s wealth of biodiversity and infant mortality rate of of fertility, high teenage generalised. Despite has declined substantially. 44 by 2015. Low measles pregnancy, low antenatal increased effort in recent Activities in the mining immunisation coverage care coverage and a weak years, PNG’s health system sector have adversely (50% in 2010). Many health system, particularly has yet to control HIV/AIDS. affected the environment, infants and young children for rural areas, are PNG unlikely to have met in some cases quite die from pneumonia, contributing factors. PNG its national target to have detrimentally. Forest cover malaria and TB. Inadequate unlikely to have achieved its controlled by 2015 and declined to 63% in 2010 delivery of basic health national target of a maternal stabilised the spread of HIV/ from 70% in 1990. PNG’s services, especially to rural mortality ratio of 274 by AIDS by 2020. environmental track record areas, and lack of proper 2015. is largely poor. sanitation and safe water supply major challenge. Key concerns include insufficient TARGET 6.B funding for rural health TARGET 5.B PNG scaled up its national TARGET 7.C services/infrastructure, Reproductive health antiretroviral treatment Very low access to clean insufficient and ageing health care and family planning programme since 2007 water (40% in 2012) and workforce, and capacity to non-existent or not very and improvements noted proper sanitation (19% in procure and deliver quality- effective in most parts but concerns regarding 2012). Majority of rural assured medical supplies. of PNG, particularly in coverage and availability of households use traditional In 2014, Government rural areas. Interventions drugs remain. pit toilets, while a significant introduced free public remain ineffective, while number of households do health care. contraceptives are not not have any toilet facilities readily available for majority at all. In 2014, Government of women in PNG. Teen TARGET 6.C.i introduced an integrated pregnancy declined but Malaria is leading cause of water and sanitation remains high (65 for the morbidity and mortality; management policy to period 2002-06). highest disease burden. improve access. PNG unlikely to have met its national target to have controlled by 2015 and stabilised the spread of TARGET 7.D malaria by 2020. Informal/squatter settlements increased in and around urban centres due to rural to urban TARGET 6.C.ii drift. Squatter areas house Decline in TB prevalence most of the unemployed and death rates but increase and under-employed, in incidence rates. Close especially youths. In 2015, association of HIV/AIDS Government announced with TB. Low treatment that it will give out 2000 success under directly land titles in Port Moresby observed treatment short- free of charge to ordinary course. Papua New Guineas to build affordable homes.

79 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS The National Executive None reported. Council approved the establishment of a National Human Rights Commission that will oversee breaches of MAJOR CEDAW. Drafted Lukautim CHALLENGES Pikini Bill, which provides Despite the growing interest maximum protection for from women to stand for teenage girls from abuse and elections women continue early marriage. Repealed to face social, economic and Sorcery Act and amended cultural barriers. Criminal Code to criminalise human trafficking. Adopted National Disability Policy, which includes priority areas FUTURE for women and girls with disabilities. PLANS Support for women candidates in the lead up MAJOR to the 2017 elections. Establish a Parliamentary CHALLENGES Committee on Gender and Social Inclusion. Legislative Lack of coordination review of the Organic across government and Law on Provincial and capacity in many areas. Local Level Government Lack of political will in and Organic Law on driving women’s issues. the Intergrity of Politlcal Ineffective enforcement Parties and Candidates. of legislation and service Estabishment of women’s delivery in remote areas. caucus the at sub-national Lack of understanding and level. commitment to gender responsive budgeting for effective implementation of gender initiatives.

FUTURE PLANS Revision of laws that have an adverse impact on women and girls. Increase budget allocation to promote gender equality and empowerment across all sectors. Establish a mechanism to support government and CSO partnerships and PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION coordination to progress and address gender equality. 80 PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Government launched Completed Sexual Gender None reported. Implementing Health the National Strategy on Based Violence Strategy and Gender Policy. The Maternal Financial Inclusion and established a technical multi- and Child Health Initiative Financial Strategy, which sectoral technical working increased the number includes improving women’s group. Established domestic MAJOR of trained midwives. access to financial services. violence and family support CHALLENGES Established Maternal Death Introduction of a Women’s centres in the urban and Review Committees. Gender disparity in Bank by the Women’s provincial areas. Adopted Developed the Sexual education is a significant Business Group. Gender National Security Policy Reproductive Policy and issue. A lower number mainstreaming in the and Plan which addresses Family Planning Policy. of girls complete a full Mineral Resource Authority gender issues from the Established hospital based primary cycle. Attributing through the implementation security perspective. Family Support Centres. factors include gender of the Women in Mining Expansion of Family and based violence, inability Action Plan. Sexual Violence Units. to pay school fees and Male Advocacy Network cultural factors. Issues conducted training and MAJOR of under resourcing of advocacy programs for men MAJOR current equitable policies CHALLENGES at correctional services. CHALLENGES and mainstreaming is a Limited capacity to deliver key challenge. Lack of programs at provincial Lack of national budgetary national priority for the level. Despite free antenatal support towards MAJOR implementation of Gender care, access remains low. implementation of Equity in Education Policy. Cervical cancer is leading frameworks and policies. CHALLENGES cancer among women; Insufficient data in this area. Social and cultural high cost of preventative Occupational segregation attitudes condone acts of vaccination. exists and is reinforced by violence. The isolation FUTURE legislation. of communities from the PLANS formal justice system Implementation of the and limited policing and FUTURE National Education Plan enforcement of legislation FUTURE gender priorities. Allocate/ PLANS has led to increased and mobilise resources Explore budgetary support PLANS targeted violence against to support gender to implement policies and women. Increasing number Department of Trade and mainstreaming initiatives as solutions for reducing costs of women acquiring Commerce to develop Small outlined in the 2009 Gender for women. disabilities due sexual and Medium Enterprises Equity in Education Policy. Framework. Remove gender based violence. discriminatory elements High correlation between in the Draft Employment high rates of STIs, HIV, and Relations Bill and Draft gender based violence. Industrial Relations Bill. Explore increasing national budget allocation towards FUTURE women’s economic empowerment initiatives. PLANS Finalise regulations on the Family Protection Act. Implement National Action Plan on Sorcery-Related.

Source: National PNG Beijing Review Report 2014

81 SAMOA

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Poverty, more accurately 100% net enrolment rate in Gender parity in education hardship, measured by 2014 and 98% literacy rate achieved but concern over people below the basic in 2011. Survival rate to last the performance of boys, needs poverty line increased grade increased to 87% in with males less likely to to 27% in 2008 from 2013. Lack of affordability complete secondary and 23% in 2002, especially of school fees, lack of paren- tertiary education compared for rural areas – Savai’i tal support and low priority to girls. Women’s accounts for a quarter of on education contributing employment in the non- the poor. Hardship in the factors in completion rates. agricultural sector increased urban centres declined. Compulsory Education but remains low at 39% in Generally weak labour Act in place since 1992 but 2011. Low representation market conditions and high not strictly enforced. To of women in parliament inflation makes it difficult for tackle the issue, Govern- (4% in 2014), reflecting households to meet daily ment introduced the 2008 significant obstacles, needs. Reducing hardship Education Bill, which fines including political system a key priority for the parents for children not in where only a chief (matai) Government. school. Government also can run for election, as well introduced the School Fee as social and customary Grant Scheme in 2010 to attitudes about the cover full payment of fees. traditional role of women. TARGET 1.B As a result, it is expected In 2013, Government Impact of the global that more than 90% of the passed a Bill to reserve 5 financial crisis led to 53% 2008 primary school cohort seats or 10 percent of the of employers freezing or are expected to complete 49 parliamentary seats for cutting jobs. Recourse school by end of 2015. women electoral candidates. to public sector jobs narrowing. Government focussed on encouraging more private sector jobs, developing informal sector, as well as accessing regional seasonal workers’ programmes offered by New Zealand and Australia.

TARGET 1.C Underweight children and food poverty not a concern. Growing concern of overweight children, linked to NCDs epidemic in Samoa. Concerns over poorest households not receiving adequate nutrition despite increased dietary energy supply.

82 Samoa is located south of Capital: Apia the equator, about halfway Land: 2,820 sq km EEZ 120,000 sq km between Hawaii and New Population: 187,400 (2013) Zealand. The country GDP per capita: USD$3,647 consists of two large islands Language: Samoan, English (Upolu and Savai’i) and eight Currency: Tala Economy: Agriculture, small islets. Upolu is home fisheries, tourism, to nearly three-quarters of remittances the population.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Under-five and infant Low maternal deaths and Even though absolute Government has mortality declined to 19 improvement in skilled birth numbers are small, HIV/ incorporated the principles and 16 in 2011 from 23 and attendance to 81% in 2009. AIDS still a concern given of sustainable development 20 in 2001, respectively. Concerns over access to high prevalence of STIs, low in its national development Samoa’s national goal is skilled birth attendants in condom use and low HIV/ plan and places a high to ‘Improve Child Health’ the rural area. Antenatal AIDS knowledge. priority on environmental rather than ‘Reduce Child care high (93% in 2009). sustainability. Government Mortality’. However, has also implemented Government recognises successful conservation the danger of a trend TARGET 6.B programs. Forest cover reversal if it does not sustain TARGET 5.B All 12 people living with increased significantly from effective services delivery Low contraceptive use HIV are receiving treatment 46% in 1990 to 60% in and targeted prevention (29% in 2009), consistent from government (10) and 2010. programmes. Government with high unmet need privately (2). Government working closely with NGOs for family planning (46% offers free antiretroviral and development partners in 2009). Access to treatments. to raise the immunisation contraceptives a major TARGET 7.C rates of children, given low challenge. Small population Proportion of the population measles immunisation rate makes it difficult to ensure using an improved drinking (61% in 2010). confidentiality amid strict TARGET 6.C.i water source increased but cultural norms. Lack of No malaria in Samoa. findings from initial water access linked to increase in quality surveys indicate that teen pregnancies. Samoa’s access to safe water is likely sexual and reproductive much lower (30-40%). health issues complex TARGET 6.C.ii Access to proper sanitation and require further study. TB prevalence, death is high at 92% in 2012. Limited funding major and incidence rates have barrier. declined and remain low. TARGET 7.D Some anecdotal evidence of informal settlements in Apia that lack proper access to water/sanitation, as well as lack of secure land tenure.

83 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Conducted national Following the 2014 compliance review Constitutional Amendment of CEDAW. Included that established 5 reserve gender neutral language seats for women in in legislation. Crimes parliament, developed an Act Reform broadened implementation plan to the definition of rape. prepare for next elections, Drafted Child Care and including awareness Protection Bill; in final programs targeted at consultation phase. Cabinet women matai and public- Development Committee private sector partnerships introduced gender in promoting women assessment measures in leadership. Conducted their development aid Women’s Parliamentary process. Forum and Transformational Leadership training. Government increased salary for women village MAJOR councillors to address CHALLENGES the gender pay gap between men and women Technical and financial councillors. resource constraints in advancing gender policies and programs. MAJOR CHALLENGES FUTURE Some villages do not permit PLANS women to hold matai titles. Structural barriers that limit Continue gender women’s participation. mainstreaming efforts and ensure adequate resourcing for key initiatives. FUTURE PLANS None reported. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

84 SAMOA

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Women in Business Implementation of Family None reported. Implemented Teen Mums Development and Samoa Safety Act through pilot program. Increase Small Business Enterprise collaborative effort by the in health professionals and provided assistance and Domestic Violence Unit, nurses. training for women. Justice, Courts and Samoa MAJOR The Samoa Chamber of Victims Support Unit. CHALLENGES Commerce conducted mentoring programs on More males than females MAJOR in primary school, trend financial management. CHALLENGES Central Bank of Samoa MAJOR reversed for secondary enrolment. Mismatch Obstacles remain for access expanded its financial CHALLENGES literacy training program. between skills taught to women in rural areas due Social and customary and skills needed for to lack of infrastructure and attitudinal barriers. Under- employment. transport issues. reporting of domestic MAJOR violence cases; need for CHALLENGES increased awareness and sensitisation of the Police FUTURE FUTURE Balancing work demands force. PLANS PLANS with social and family obligations. Government to focus Amplify awareness on on matching skills for sexual reproductive health FUTURE employment and targeted and rights issues and the initiatives for high risk importance of contraceptive FUTURE PLANS groups such as teenage use through media and PLANS Consultations on Child Care boys. Implement inclusive community outreach. and Protection Bill. Align education program. Explore opportunities National gender specific for labour mobility and indicators to the core set of vocational training for minimum gender indicators women. of the UN Statistics Commission. Progress the National Family Health and Safety Prevalence Study.

Source: National Samoa Beijing Review Report and Police Data provided by Pacific Domestic Violence Program

85 SOLOMON ISLANDS

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Households face increasing Solomon Islands made Gender parity in education hardship – struggle to remarkable progress in achieved in primary and meet living expenses and recuperating lost ground secondary education. difficulties accessing basic in education following Solomon Islands culturally social services; limited civil unrest that spanned a male-dominated society. jobs. Strong resource-led between 1998 and 2003. Given large subsistence growth failing to trickle The net enrolment rate economy, and traditional down to disadvantaged. improved significantly roles of women, few High inflation negatively from 56% in 1999 to 89% women enter the non- affecting households. in 2013. Government agricultural sector (33% in Rural households depend prioritised education during 2009). Women severely on subsistence but the post-conflict period and under-represented in many pressure from increasing in 2009, delivered fee‐free political and government monetisation. education up to form three. institutions. One woman However, survival rate to in parliament. Only a few last grade (83% in 2010) women are permanent TARGET 1.B remain a concern. secretaries and ministers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that unemployment remains high and appears to be concentrated among youth. Government recognises the need to develop an investment climate that attracts foreign investment and provides employment and income.

TARGET 1.C Nutrition a concern. Households experiencing food poverty not necessarily going hungry but have poor diets with inadequate nutrition.

86 Solomon Islands is located Capital: Honiara east of Papua New Guinea Land: 28,370 sq km and is made up 992 islands. EEZ 1.35 million sq km The country is divided into Population: 610.800 (2013) GDP per capita: USD$1,954 9 provinces, with the capital Language: English, Pijin, Honiara situated in the local languages Guadalcanal province. The Currency: Solomon Islands other densely populated dollar areas are Malaita and Economy: Agriculture, Temotu. fisheries and forestry

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Only slight decline in under- Weak data on maternal 22 cases reported up until Decline in forest cover. five and infant mortality. mortality. Only 86% 2013 but likely significantly Environmental degradation Low measles immunisation births attended by skilled under-reported due to low very significant problem due coverage (81% in 2007). health personnel and 80% access to testing. High to rapidly accelerating land antenatal coverage in 2007. STIs, low condom use and use, logging and the effects low HIV/AIDS knowledge of global environmental remain major risk factors for change on seascapes and transmission. terrestrial landscapes. TARGET 5.B Logging activities Although the contraceptive unsustainable, causes prevalence rate improved, siltation problems for reefs it remains relatively low TARGET 6.B in coastal areas downstream (35% in 2007). Teen 10 of 12 receiving of them. fertility has declined steadily treatment, while 2 declined but remains comparatively treatment due to stigma and high (62). discrimination. TARGET 7.C Access to clean water (81% in 2012) remains a concern. TARGET 6.C.i Very low access to proper Burden of disease sanitation (29% in 2012). down, consistent with improvement in the use of bed-nets. TARGET 7.D Squatter settlements in the capital Honiara increasing TARGET 6.C.ii due to migration from other TB prevalence and incidence Provinces, which are largely rates down significantly undeveloped. but still high burden. TB detection rate improved but cure rate fallen slightly under directly observed treatment short-course.

87 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS None reported. Adopted Political Parties Integrity Bill in 2014, which mandates political parties to select and endorse MAJOR at least 10% of women CHALLENGES candidates and SBD10,000 awarded to political party Lack of understanding and if their female candidate is capacity to support gender elected. Higher number mainstreaming across all of women contesting sectors. 2014 elections. Survey by Regional Assistance Mission in the Solomon Islands FUTURE reported 71% supported reserve seats for women in PLANS parliament. Develop a gender mainstreaming strategy. MAJOR CHALLENGES Bill to reserve seats for women in parliament has not progressed. Only 6% of senior public service positions are women despite targets in place to achieve equal representation of women and men in the public service. Prevailing belief that only men are eligible for public affairs.

FUTURE PLANS Track Implementation of Politcal Parties Integrity Act. Conduct civic education programmes and consultations on tempoary special measures. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

88 SOLOMON ISLANDS

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Central Bank of Solomon Work in progress on an Established gender focal None reported. Islands opened saving clubs implementation plan for point at the Ministry of for women in rural/outer- the 2014 Family Protection Education to ensure gender island areas. Act. Work underway mainstreaming in the sector. on establishing medical MAJOR guidelines on health sectors CHALLENGES response to victims of MAJOR Prohibitive costs for access violence MAJOR CHALLENGES to services for women in CHALLENGES rural areas. Low financial literacy and None reported. poor savings behaviour. MAJOR CHALLENGES FUTURE FUTURE FUTURE None reported. PLANS PLANS PLANS None reported. None reported. Complete and launch the FUTURE National Strategy and Action Plan for the Economic PLANS Empowerment of Women None reported. and Girls.

Source: SPC Beijing +20 Review of progress in implementing the Beijing Platform for Action in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

89 TONGA

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A More households facing High net enrolment rate Gender parity achieved but difficulties, especially (99% in 2011), survival rate slow progress in economic migrant families from outer to last grade (90% in 2007) participation. Following islands. Many households and literacy rate (99% in Tongan traditions, many from least developed 2011). Since 1962, Tonga women choose to remain Ha’apai island group ensured primary education at home and forgo the emigrated to Nuku’alofa is compulsory and free until opportunity for a career. for work and education. class 6. Government’s focus Difficulties in balancing Poor communities on outer is on raising the quality of family life with the demands islands of ‘Eua, Niuas and education and improv- of full time employment Vava’u also have limited ing access to the more are also an underlying access to essential services. disadvantaged communities, reason. Low representation Government focussed on especially in the outer of women in parliament structural reforms and islands. (4% in 2014). Women in private sector development leadership positions lacking, to alleviate poverty. particularly in the civil service. Traditional view that decision-making and politics is the domain of TARGET 1.B men is predominant. On a Low employment-to- positive note, more women population ratio (37% in entering the private sector 2011). High proportion as business entrepreneurs. of the population in vulnerable employment (55% in 2011). Number of public servants remains high, and with higher pay, private sector job creation limited. New Zealand and Australia’s seasonal worker schemes provide much- needed jobs. Government recognises private sector- led job creation as a more sustainable strategy.

TARGET 1.C Very low prevalence of underweight children (2% in 2012) and very low food poverty (2% in 2009). Concern over overweight children and quality of nutrition.

90 The Kingdom of Tonga is an Capital: Nuku’alofa archipelago, directly south of Land: 718 sq km Samoa and about two-thirds EEZ 700,000 sq km of the way from Hawaii to Population:103,400 (2013) New Zealand. There are over GDP per capita: USD$4,427 170 islands, of which 36 are Language: English, Tongan inhabited. Around 70 percent Currency: Pa’anga of the population live in the Economy: Agriculture, island group of Tongatapu, remittances which houses the capital.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Historical child mortality Very few maternal deaths 19 cumulative reported Tonga faces competing data are likely under- recorded. Almost all HIV/AIDS cases up until demands for land, heavy reported but more reliable women give birth at the 2013. High STIs, low reliance on imported recent data indicate hospital or at home with a condom use and relatively petroleum products, and relatively low child mortality skilled birth attendant (98% low HIV/AIDS knowledge historically poor natural rates. Government in 2012), a result of the remain a concern. resource management and provides free health services Ministry of Health’s strong biodiversity conservation. through 4 hospitals, 14 commitment to improving However, Tonga has taken health centres and 34 maternal health. various steps to ensure maternal and child health TARGET 6.B environmental sustainability clinics, which are scattered Only two people living since 2009, including the throughout the four island with HIV – one receiving Tonga Energy Roadmap. groups. TARGET 5.B treatment while the other Opposition to family one does not yet require planning was strong in treatment. 1960s/1970s but Tonga TARGET 7.C gradually accepted the High access to clean water utility of family planning. (99% in 2012) and proper Contraceptive use low TARGET 6.C.i sanitation (91% in 2012). (34% in 2012) but decline No malaria in Tonga. Slight decline in access in total fertility suggests to proper sanitation but women are taking action remains high. to reduce the size of their families. However, likely TARGET 6.C.ii some unmet need for family TB cases down, consistent TARGET 7.D planning, particularly for with high rates of treatment birth spacing and unwanted success (100% cure rate Anecdotal evidence suggests pregnancy (expressed as in 2012). an increase in informal ‘too many children’). Teen settlements in Nuku’alofa pregnancy rates have due to rural-to-urban drift, increased slightly to 27 – lack of employment and lack still a need for better sex of secure land tenure education and improved access to contraceptives for youth.

91 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS CEDAW tabled in A number of initiatives parliament for ratification to sensitise the public on however ratification women’s leadership roles withheld due to resistance completed, including the from key groups including Women’s Recognition the church. Award by the Ministry for Internal Affairs.

MAJOR MAJOR CHALLENGES Human resource capacity CHALLENGES and scarce technical skills None reported. to fully undertake gender mainstreaming. FUTURE FUTURE PLANS None reported. PLANS Implementation of the National Gender Policy. Integration of gender targets and indictors in the Revised National Development Plan. Harmonisation of the National Gender Report. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

92 TONGA

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS None reported. Developed the Completed education None reported. implementation plan for curriculum gender audit. the Family Protection MAJOR Act; established taskforce. MAJOR More women and children MAJOR CHALLENGES accessing the crisis centre. CHALLENGES Limited economic CHALLENGES Social and cultural barriers opportunities for women Inadequate resources that impact women’s access and limited resources to MAJOR for gender policies and to sexual and reproductive implement key activities. initiatives within the health and rights services. CHALLENGES education sector. Under-reporting of FUTURE domestic violence. FUTURE FUTURE PLANS PLANS Explore opportunities for FUTURE PLANS None reported. greater participation of Implement key women in labour mobility PLANS recommendations from schemes. Support women Allocate/mobilise resources the education curriculum in business initiatives. to support the Taskforce gender audit. to implement and monitor progress on the Family Protection Act. Review of legislation relating to non- intimate partner violence.

Source: SPC Beijing +20 Review of progress in implementing the Beijing Platform for Action in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

93 TUVALU

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Proportion of the Net enrolment rates have Gender parity in education population below the basic been historically high achieved in primary needs poverty line initially (>95%) but recorded a education but more girls fell from 1994 to 2005 drop to 89% in 2014. No accessing secondary and but increased to 26% in recent data on the survival tertiary education. Increase 2010. Reversal of gains rate to the last grade in the participation of likely a result of the impact although has improved women in the non- of the global financial crisis. from 81% in 1991 to 91% agricultural sector from Economy contracted sharply in 2007. 36% in 1991 to 44% in in 2009. Global financial 2012. Women account for crisis lowered demand for nearly half the civil service Tuvalu’s seafarers, resulting but hold only one-fifth of in a decline in remittances, high-level positions. Only which is an important two women held seats in source of income for most Tuvalu’s parliament and this households. occurred during 1986 to 1993, and since 2011. In 2002 and 2006, two women contested the elections; TARGET 1.B both were unsuccessful, Employment-to-population while no women contested ratio increased since 1990 the 2010 elections. In but remain low (36% 2011, Tuvalu elected one in 2012). Limited land, woman to parliament in a poor soil, and geographic bi-election, following the isolation limit private sector sudden death of a former development. Demand for parliamentarian (her Tuvaluan seafarers declining husband). due to competition. Australian and New Zealand seasonal overseas worker schemes provides vital opportunities for Tuvalu.

TARGET 1.C Low prevalence of underweight children (2% in 2007) and low food poverty (3% in 2010). Nutrition and poor diet practices an area of concern.

94 Tuvalu is located in the Pacific Capital: Funafuti ocean midway between Land: 25.6 sq km Hawaii and Australia, EEZ 900,000 sq km consisting of 9 low lying coral Population: 10,900 (2013) islands. The limited land in GDP per capita: USD$3,861 Tuvalu is generally of low Language: English, Tuvaluan quality with poor fertility. Currency: Australian dollar Almost half of Tuvalu’s Economy: Aid, remittances, population lives in the capital fisheries city.

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B Significant reduction in both Low level of maternal Seafarers accounted for Tuvalu has actively the under-five and infant deaths, consistent with 70% of HIV reported cases. conserved forest area mortality rates. Under-five high level of skilled birth Despite the low number through protected areas. mortality declined from 69 attendance (98% in of reported cases, high Since 1996, every island in 1991 to 10 in 2010, while 2007) and antenatal care incidence of STIs, urban identified and established infant mortality declined coverage (98% in 2007). drift, increased international protected areas. To address from 57 in 1992 to 10 in Government provides free travel, and more young concerns of tuna overfishing, 2010. health care. people engaging in risky Tuvalu signed and ratified sexual behaviours contribute 1982 Nauru Agreement and to the growing risk of 1997 FSM Agreement that transmission of HIV. aim to prevent overfishing, TARGET 5.B restore depleted resources, Government main provider and ensure sustainable of reproductive health resource use. services through the main TARGET 6.B hospital. There are no Only one person private medical practitioners currently living with HIV TARGET 7.C or private pharmacies. Low requires and is receiving promotion and utilisation treatment. Tuvalu provides High reported proportion of family planning underpin antiretroviral treatment free of the population using an decline in the contraceptive for those who need it. improved drinking water prevalence rate to 22% in source (98% in 2012) 2010 from 39% in 1990. but water quality issues Teen fertility has declined to remain, with very poor 28 in 2012 from 37 in 1991. TARGET 6.C.i access during droughts. Negative attitudes toward No malaria in Tuvalu. Tuvalu faced several water family planning prevail. shortage crises, relying on the international community to overcome them. TARGET 6.C.ii Increased access to proper TB under control with sanitation to 83% in 2012 declines in prevalence but concerns over access in and incidence rates. TB outer islands. One-fifth of detection rates improved households in outer islands but cure rate fallen under have no sanitation facilities. directly observed treatment short-course. TARGET 7.D Proper housing situation a concern in Funafuti.

95 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Completed third and fourth None reported. periodic CEDAW Report. Passed Family Protection and Domestic Violence Law. MAJOR CHALLENGES MAJOR Perceptions of women’s traditional role in the CHALLENGES community and home are Inadequate resources and strongly embedded. capacity to support gender mainstreaming across all government sectors. FUTURE PLANS FUTURE Women’s Practice Parliament. Review of PLANS National Action Plan Allocate/mobilise resources on Advancing Women’s to implement the National Decision Making and Gender Policy and Leadership at all levels. strengthen inter-agency coordination to support gender mainstreaming activities. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

96 TUVALU

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS None reported. Police received training as None reported. The Tuvalu Family Health first responders to sexual Association supported offence cases. national awareness MAJOR MAJOR programs and campaigns. CHALLENGES MAJOR CHALLENGES None reported. Lack of political will MAJOR CHALLENGES to support gender Lack of privacy in mainstreaming. CHALLENGES FUTURE communities often create Social and cultural attitudes peer pressure and stigma that prevent access to PLANS against reporting. Under- FUTURE services. Explore opportunities and reporting of domestic external markets for women violence. No safe house for PLANS victims of violence. in the cultural industry. Support integration of FUTURE Introduce measures to education and gender increase number of women targets, indicators in the PLANS on government boards. FUTURE national education policy Expansion of programs in and framework. outer islands and allocate/ PLANS mobilise resources to Establish a Safe House for expand services. women and a ‘safenet’ program.

Source: SPC Beijing +20 Review of progress in implementing the Beijing Platform for Action in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

97 VANUATU

TARGET 1.A TARGET 2.A TARGET 3.A Low level of people below Following a decline in the Achieved gender parity the basic needs poverty line 1990s, the net enrolment in primary and secondary (13% in 2010), with slight and survival rate to the education but low economic decline recorded between last grade improved since participation of women. 2006 and 2010. In March 2000 to 86% and 71%, 41% of women in the non- 2015, category 5 Cyclone respectively, in 2013. agricultural sector in 2009. Pam, one of the worst Literacy rates also increased Under-representation of natural disasters in Vanuatu’s significantly from 32% in women in Government history, plunged many 1990 to 92% in 2009. Van- and decision-making households in hardship, uatu initially faced difficulties positions, underpinned by reversing earlier gains. in making progress, one of deep-rooted traditional and the constraints being the religious beliefs. Attitudes costs of maintaining the dual are slowly changing, most education system – separate noticeably at the municipal TARGET 1.B streams for ‘English’ and level where Luganville, Vanuatu’s working-age ‘French’ as the language for example, has a female population continues of instruction. With the mayor. Currently no to grow at a faster rate assistance of development woman in parliament. than the growth in total partners, the Government employment. Likely to introduced fee free primary continue if labour market level education up to Year 6. unable to absorb relatively This has helped with recent high annual number of new progress. entrants. Unemployment rising, especially among youths.

TARGET 1.C Decline in prevalence of underweight children to 11% in 2013 but remains a concern due to poor diet practices, lack of knowledge of importance of breastfeeding and improper weaning practices. Low food poverty (3% in 2010).

98 Vanuatu is located in the Capital: Port Vila Pacific ocean, northeast Land: 12,190 sq km of Australia. It is an island EEZ: 680,000 sq km archipelago consisting of Population: 264,700 (2013) approximately 82 islands, of GDP per capita: USD$3,303 which 65 are permanently Language: Bislama, English, inhabited. Approximately French, local languages three-quarters of the Currency: Vatu population live in rural areas. Economy: Agriculture, fisheries, tourism

TARGET 4.A TARGET 5.A TARGET 6.A TARGET 7.A & 7.B The 2013 Demographic National target is to have Vanuatu has low incidence Commercial logging, & Health Survey indicated no more than 3 maternal and prevalence of HIV. including illegal activities, only a slight decline in deaths per year. In 2005, Cumulative to 2013, there exacts a heavy toll on under-five mortality and an Vanuatu reported 4 have been 9 officially forests. ‘Slash and burn’ increase in infant mortality. maternal deaths, although reported cases. practices are prevalent. Measles immunisation has authorities suspect under- Although minimal, use of increased from 66% in 1990 reporting. From 2006 to ozone depleting substances to 80% in 2009. Vanuatu 2009, authorities estimated increased since 2000. administers simple and 6 maternal deaths a year. TARGET 6.B Vanuatu yet to fully ratify affordable high impact child Skilled birth attendance All the people living the Montreal Protocol on health interventions such increased to 89% in 2013. with HIV and require Substances that Deplete the as exclusive breastfeeding antiretroviral therapy are Ozone Layer. However, for the first six months, oral receiving the drugs for free. Vanuatu has established a re-hydration solution for large number of protected diarrhoea, antibiotics for TARGET 5.B areas. pneumonia, immunisation, Contraceptive prevalence vitamin A supplementation rate has increased to 49% TARGET 6.C.i and child spacing. in 2013. Teen fertility Through concerted control has declined but remains efforts by the Government TARGET 7.C high at 81. 24% unmet and development partners, Proportion of the population need for family planning in the burden of malaria has using an improved drinking 2013. Antenatal coverage declined significantly over water source has increased is 76% in 2013. In 2013, the past 20 years. to 91% in 2012. Although Government adopted the the proportion using an UNDP MDG Acceleration improved sanitation facility Framework to improve has increased from 35% progress in this area but TARGET 6.C.ii in 1992 to 58% in 2012, it outcomes unlikely to Government has remains low. materialise by end 2015. implemented a highly successful campaign to combat TB. Treatment success rates are high. TARGET 7.D According to 2006 HIES, 30% in urban centres of Port Vila and Luganville living in a slum. Actual rate probably higher as definition of ‘urban’ doesn’t include many informal settlements just outside the urban boundaries.

99 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Finalised Gender Equality Training held for women Policy and gender in preparations for 2016 mainstreaming of sector elections. Appointment of a policies. Sex disaggregated female judge. data available for Census, Household Surveys and National Disability Survey. MAJOR CHALLENGES MAJOR Perceptions of women’s leadership is negative, with CHALLENGES very low voter support for Challenges in ensuring women candidates. Women ownership and responsibility under-represented in senior by line Ministries to ensure public service. whole of government approach. Coordination challenges and limited financial support towards FUTURE programs targeting gender PLANS equality and empowerment Strengthen exisitng of women. Very few male temporary special measures, advocates. such as quotas for women in municpal councils. Women Practice Parliament. FUTURE PLANS Implement National Gender Policy and Gender Stocktake Recommendations. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

100 VANUATU

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Cyclone Pam adversely Ongoing training and key Discussions underway on None reported. affected women vendors activities to support the amendments to Education and those in subsistence implementation of the Act; current proposals sector. VAN WOODS Family Protection Act. include gender equality and successfully advocated child protection measures. MAJOR for removal of business CHALLENGES licences for small business owners largely women. MAJOR Recent studies have noted Establishment of handicraft MAJOR that there is a strong CHALLENGES association between trade partnership with CHALLENGES New Caledonia to benefit Victim withdrawal of cases intimate partner violence women. (around 65%) is high in Limited education and and women’s ability to Vanuatu due to social training opportunities for negotiate the use of pressure and stigma. women and girls. General contraceptives. Urban lack of human, technical women are more likely MAJOR and financial resources for to use contraceptives CHALLENGES implementation. than rural women. High FUTURE dependence on aid for high Lack of opportunities for PLANS risk diseases such as cervical women in labour mobility cancer. schemes. Expansion of services to FUTURE support implementation of Family Protection Act. PLANS None reported. FUTURE FUTURE PLANS PLANS More training on sexual Explore opportunities for reproductive health services women in labour mobility and rights. schemes. Adoption and Implementation of Women’s Economic Empowerment Strategy.

Source: National Vanuatu Beijing Review Report 2014

101 Part 4

In September 2015, replacing the MDGs, UN member states are set to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals as part of the post-2015 development agenda. Since the agreement to develop the SDGs at the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20 Conference), Forum Leaders in 2012 recognised the importance of actively participating in the global discussions, subsequently providing high-level direction each year, including for the post-2015 intergovernmental negotiations (see Box 1). The UN Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, scheduled for 25-27 September 2015 in New York, marks the culmination of more than 2½ years of intense negotiations. This work began in March 2013 with the Open Working Group (OWG) on SDGs through to the intergovernmental negotiations, which concluded on 2 August 2015. The SDGs OWG agreed to 17 goals and 169 targets, which have been included in the outcome document finalised for adoption at the Summit, titled ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ (see Annex 5). Forum Member countries played an active role in these negotiations, with the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) group successfully leading efforts to advocate and secure a stand-alone goal on Oceans as part of the 17 proposed goals. The 17 goals and 169 targets are a significant increase on the 8 MDGs and related 21 targets and 60 indicators (see pp104-105). THE SDG s CHALLENGE

102 Box 1. Forum Leaders’ Directions on the Post-2015 Development Agenda/Sustainable Development Goals

2012 COMMUNIQUE (para 19) Leaders tasked the Forum Secretariat, in collaboration with CROP and UN agencies, to work closely with FICs to develop a Pacific position on the post-2015 development agenda and Sustainable Development Goals, and to contribute effectively to the relevant global processes, including the 68th UN General Assembly in September 2013. (para 20) Leaders called on the UN system to clearly map out a merged process for the post-2015 development agenda and Sustainable Development Goals paths at the 67th UN General Assembly. Leaders also called for Pacific representation on the Sustainable Development Goals Working Group and the Finance Working Group proposed in the Rio+20 outcome document. Leaders acknowledged the importance of the review of the Pacific Plan in 2013 as an opportunity to encompass global developments and to better influence the post- 2015 development agenda and Sustainable Development Goals in the Plan.

2013 COMMUNIQUE (para 7) Leaders reiterated the importance of the discussions on the post-2015 development agenda/SDGs and the opportunity for the Pacific to contribute, as well as to shape, the new development paradigm. Leaders renewed their calls for coherence of the parallel processes, ensuring important priorities that are specific to the Pacific, including disaster risk management, culture, and mental health, are included as goals and targets with indicators that are appropriate for Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). (para 8) Leaders noted the vital role of CROP agencies in supporting Pacific Island Countries (PICs) to prepare for the SIDS 2014 Conference, and the need for their greater inclusion in the Conference and its preparatory processes. They also emphasised the importance of an open, transparent and inclusive discussion on the post- 2015 development agenda/SDGs, and directed that the Pacific position advocated in the global arena must account for all relevant Pacific regional and national meetings/consultations, including directions provided by Forum Ministers.

2014 COMMUNIQUE (para 8) Leaders reiterated the importance of member countries playing an active role in shaping the Post-2015 Development Agenda, particularly the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They warmly commended and support the active efforts of Pacific Ambassadors/Permanent Representatives to the United Nations in New York to shape the Post-2015 Development Agenda, particularly the Troika of Papua New Guinea, Palau and Nauru representing the Pacific region on the SDGs Open Working Group. (para 9) Leaders expressed their serious concern for the extremely large number of SDGs and targets being discussed at the global level and called on the global community to strive for a more manageable, achievable and limited number of SDGs with clear and relevant targets. They emphasised the importance of incorporating the unfinished business of the MDGs in the SDGs, reflecting the special case of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) as a cross-cutting issue, and taking into account the circumstances that have constrained the ability to achieve MDGs in some countries. Leaders made a strong call fo (para 10) Accordingly, Leaders tasked the Forum Secretariat, in collaboration with CROP and UN agencies, to fully support and assist member countries throughout the intergovernmental process to determine the SDGs by the Post-2015 Summit in September 2015. Leaders reiterated strong support for a successful Third International Conference on SIDS and affirmed the important roles and continued coordination of CROP agencies in relation to the Third International Conference on SIDS.

103 MDGs

End Extreme Poverty & 1 Hunger

Achieve Universal Primary 2 Education

Promote Gender Equality and 3 Empowerment of Women 4 Reduce Child Mortality 5 Improve Maternal Health

Combat HIV/AIDS and Other 6 Major Diseases

Ensure Environmental 7 Sustainability

A Global Partnership for 8 Development

104 SDGs

End poverty in all its forms Reduce inequality within and 1 everywhere 10 among countries End hunger, achieve food Make cities and human security and improved nutrition settlements inclusive, safe, and promote sustainable resilient and sustainable 2 agriculture 11

Ensure healthy lives and Ensure sustainable promote well-being for all at consumption and production 3 all ages 12 patterns Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote Take urgent action to combat lifelong learning opportunities climate change and its impacts* 4 for all 13 Conserve and sustainably use Achieve gender equality and the oceans, seas and marine empower all women and girls resources for sustainable 5 14 development Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial Ensure availability and ecosystems, sustainably sustainable management of manage forests, combat water and sanitation for all desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and 6 15 halt biodiversity loss Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable Ensure access to affordable, development, provide access reliable, sustainable and to justice for all and build modern energy for all effective, accountable and 7 16 inclusive institutions at all levels Promote sustained, inclusive Strengthen the means of and sustainable economic implementation and revitalize growth, full and productive the global partnership for employment and decent work sustainable development 8 for all 17 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation 9 105 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION

The Pacific’s achievement on the MDGs Given the breadth and depth of the The special case of SIDS and would not have been possible without proposed goals and targets, the demand commitment of development partners the support of development partners to for statistics is expected to increase in addressing these challenges has supplement national efforts. To achieve significantly. The expansion of indicators been highlighted in the 2030 Agenda the SDGs, Forum Island Countries and new areas of coverage will require (finalised text for adoption at the UN will need to maximise their access to more systematic statistical coverage Post-2015 Summit), the SAMOA finance in a range of ways. This will and resources. In addition, there will Pathway (outcome of the 2014 Third include pursuing effective domestic be greater demand for disaggregated International Conference on SIDS) and resource mobilisation strategies, private data, particularly by gender, youth Addis Ababa Accord (outcome of the sector engagement and development, and persons with disability. While the 2015 Third International Conference pursue debt sustainability policies and MDGs also called for disaggregated on Financing for Development). promote effective spending of existing data, accessibility proved problematic. flows. Despite this, international public Despite significant investment in finance, including official development statistical resources in the last five years, assistance, will remain critical for most current national and regional statistical Forum Island Countries, given the resources are insufficient in addressing limited availability of domestic fiscal the increased demand of monitoring resources due to narrow economic and analysing the SDGs. This is an bases and very small private sector, area where development partners will which will require ongoing cooperation need to dedicate even more resources and partnerships in these areas. to improve the region’s national and regional statistical systems. Without this investment, it will be very difficult to effectively track the region’s progress on the SDGs.

106 Figure 10. National MDG Reports Published

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Fiji Cook Is Tuvalu Kiribati RMI Cook Is Fiji FSM Nauru PNG RMI Niue Palau PNG Tuvalu Samoa Tonga Samoa Vanuatu Sol Is Tonga Vanuatu

In the experience of the MDGs, the One of the key lessons of the MDGs The Pacific region, however, has a Pacific region was rather slow in its was that strong political leadership good starting point to respond to the response to the MDGs, with many and commitment towards achieving challenge of achieving the SDGs by countries only taking the MDGs the MDGs was the catalyst towards 2030 by building on the momentum seriously close to the MDG Review progress. Countries that demonstrated of the MDGs. Many Forum Island Summit in 2010. The UN system in their commitment to the MDGs by Countries are already considering the Pacific only began promoting the mainstreaming the achievement of the the SDGs in their national plans, MDGs from 2005, after which more MDGs in their national development budgets and monitoring and evaluation countries completed their first national plans, allocating/mobilising resources frameworks. At the regional level, the MDGs report (see Figure 10). It towards their achievement, as well 2014 Framework for Pacific Regionalism was also in 2013 that a few countries as having effective monitoring and (see Box 2), which replaced the 2005 (Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu) adopted. evaluation frameworks in place, had Pacific Plan, provides for a high-level relatively better outcomes on the regional monitoring framework, such as Similarly, at the regional level, it was MDGs. that provided by the SDGs. not until the 2009 Forum Compact on Strengthening Development Coordination that Forum Leaders committed to diligently track the progress on the MDGs each year. In 2010, Forum Leaders also committed to the Port Vila Declaration on accelerating progress on the achievement of the MDGs.

107 Box 2. Framework for Pacific Regionalism

VISION Our Pacific Vision is for a region of peace, harmony, security, social inclusion, and prosperity, so that all Pacific people can lead free, healthy, and productive lives.

VALUES We value and depend upon the integrity of our vast ocean and our island resources. We treasure the diversity and heritage of the Pacific and seek an inclusive future in which cultures, traditions and religious beliefs are valued, honoured and developed. We embrace good governance, the full observance of democratic values, the rule of law, the defence and promotion of all human rights, gender equality, and commitment to just societies. We seek peaceful, safe, and stable communities and countries, ensuring full security and wellbeing for the peoples of the Pacific. We support full inclusivity, equity and equality for all people of the Pacific. We strive for effective, open and honest relationships and inclusive and enduring partnerships—based on mutual accountability and respect—with each other, within our sub-regions, within our region, and beyond. These Pacific regional values will guide all our policy-making and implementation.

OBJECTIVES Our principal objectives are: • Sustainable development that combines economic social, and cultural development in ways that improve livelihoods and well-being and use the environment sustainably; • Economic growth that is inclusive and equitable; • Strengthened governance, legal, financial, and administrative systems; and • Security that ensures stable and safe human, environmental and political conditions for all.

108 CONTEXTUALISING THE SDGs

A global indicator framework is Forum governments are already At the regional level, there is also currently being developed by the Inter considering the integration and merit in tailoring the global indicators Agency and Expert Group on SDG implementation of the SDGs at the to better reflect the Pacific context Indicators, of which Fiji and Samoa national level as over half are set to and to use these regional indicators are members. The UN Statistical review their national development to monitor the region’s progress on Commission is expected to agree on plans and design successor plans over the SDGs. One of the key lessons a global indicator set by March 2016 the next two years. These reviews learned from monitoring the MDGs at before adoption by the UN Economic would also include better linking plans the regional level was the difficulty in and Social Council and UN General to budget allocations and improving monitoring progress against the official Assembly. monitoring and evaluation frameworks. MDG indicators. This was because With oversight by the Council of many indicators were not suitable in The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Regional Organisations in the Pacific’s the Pacific context, such as the poverty Development that global indicators Sustainable Development Working indicator (proportion of population “will be complemented by indicators at Group, the National Sustainable below US$1.25 per day) or maternal the regional and national levels which Development Strategies (NSDS) mortality indicator (per 100,000 live will be developed by member states” Partnership Group, provides technical births). The 2013 Pacific Plan Review (para 75). At a Pacific regional post- support to member countries in also noted that “There is a strong 2015 consultation in 2014 (see Annex tailoring and integrating the SDGs case for developing multi-dimensional 6), which included government officials in their national plans, budgets, and indicators of poverty and development from 14 Forum Island Countries, monitoring and evaluation frameworks. that are uniquely Pacific, and a deep participants also agreed that “For the The NSDS Partnership Group was desire amongst the people of the Pacific implementation of the SDGs, there are launched at the Third International for this to occur.” unique regional and national contexts Conference on Small Island Developing which need to be taken into account States in 2014. [and the] need to contextualize the goals in the regional, sub-regional and national context...”

109 Tailoring the global SDGs indicators In selecting the relevant global SDGs to better reflect the Pacific context indicators to the Pacific context, also complements work planned it is important to ensure an open to develop a high-level regional and inclusive consultation process, monitoring framework, such as the accounting for national priorities, that SDGs, under the Framework for Pacific ensures Forum members’ ownership Regionalism. In addition, there are towards the SDGs. Given that the existing mechanisms in place to lead this SDGs are also universal, it is an work, including the Council of Regional opportunity to demonstrate the Organisations in the Pacific’s Sustainable solidarity of Forum members, as a Development Working Group, the group of developed and developing National Sustainable Development countries, working together to achieve Strategy Partnership Group, as well the SDGs in the region. as building on the work of the MDGs Technical Working Group, which has been responsible for supporting the production of the annual Pacific Regional MDGs Tracking Report.

110 FOLLOW UP AND REVIEW

At the global level, following the The HLPF met for the first time under To mitigate this, a thematic area could Rio+20 Conference, the High-level the auspices of the UN General be considered each year, with complete Political Forum (HLPF) replaced Assembly in 2013. According to reporting done every five years. Given the Commission on Sustainable the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable the importance of political leadership in Development as the main UN platform Development, the UN system will the implementation of the SDGs, it is on sustainable development. The produce an annual SDGs Progress critical that Forum Leaders continue to HLPF provides political leadership and Report based on the global indicator oversee the monitoring of the SDGs at guidance on sustainable development framework for the consideration of the regional level. At the national level, issues, particularly on the follow up and the HLPF. The meetings of the HLPF integration of the SDGs into national review of the implementation of the under the auspices of the UN General development plans should include SDGs. The High-level Political Forum Assembly has been re-set, with the next consistency with the monitoring and meets: meeting scheduled for 2019 and every evaluation frameworks of national plans. four years thereafter. Regular review of achievements against • Every four years at the level of national plans would then automatically Heads of State and Government For the Pacific, there was value in include progress towards the SDGs. under the auspices of the UN tracking progress towards the MDGs This would reduce the burden of General Assembly. both at the regional and national level. reporting on the SDGs separately and Countries generally faced difficulty in • Every year under the auspices irregularly, which was the case for the tracking progress on an annual basis at of the UN Economic and Social MDGs. the national level so regional monitoring Council. helped fill in the gap and retained Forum Leaders’ focus on MDGs progress each year. However, tracking progress on the SDGs on an annual basis will likely prove difficult given the increased number of goals, targets and indicators.

111 Goals and Targets Indicators Official List Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1.A: Halve, 1.1 Proportion of population below between 1990 and 2015, $1 (PPP) per dayi the proportion of people 1.2 Poverty gap ratio whose income is less than 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in of MDGs, one dollar a day national consumption Target 1.B: Achieve 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per full and productive person employed employment and decent 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio Targets and work for all, including 1.6 Proportion of employed people women and young living below $1 (PPP) per day people 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment Indicators Target 1.C: Halve, 1.8 Prevalence of underweight between 1990 and 2015, children under-five years of age the proportion of people 1.9 Proportion of population below who suffer from hunger minimum level of dietary energy consumption Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target 2.A: Ensure 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary that, by 2015, children education everywhere, boys and 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting girls alike, will be able to grade 1 who reach last grade of complete a full course of primary primary schooling 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3.A: Eliminate 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, gender disparity in secondary and tertiary education primary and secondary 3.2 Share of women in wage education, preferably by employment in the non-agricultural 2005, and in all levels of sector education no later than 3.3 Proportion of seats held by 2015 women in national parliament Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target 4.A: Reduce by 4.1 Under-five mortality rate two-thirds, between 4.2 Infant mortality rate 1990 and 2015, the 4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old under-five mortality rate children immunised against measles Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target 5.A: Reduce by 5.1 Maternal mortality ratio three quarters, between 5.2 Proportion of births attended by 1990 and skilled health personnel 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Target 5.B: Achieve, by 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate 2015, universal access to 5.4 Adolescent birth rate reproductive health 5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits) 5.6 Unmet need for family planning ANNEX 1

112 Goals and Targets Indicators Goals and Targets Indicators Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target 8.A: Develop Some of the indicators listed below Target 6.A: Have halted 6.1 HIV prevalence among further an open, rule- are monitored separately for the by 2015 and begun to population aged 15-24 years based, predictable, non- least developed countries (LDCs), reverse the spread of 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex discriminatory trading and Africa, landlocked developing HIV/AIDS 6.3 Proportion of population aged financial system Includes countries and small island developing 15-24 years with comprehensive a commitment to good States. correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS governance, development 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of and poverty reduction Official development assistance orphans to school attendance of – both nationally and (ODA) non-orphans aged 10-14 years internationally 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least Target 6.B: Achieve, by 6.5 Proportion of population with developed countries, as percentage 2010, universal access to advanced HIV infection with access Target 8.B: Address the of OECD/DAC donors’ gross treatment for HIV/AIDS to antiretroviral drugs special needs of the least national income for all those who need it developed countries 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, Target 6.C: Have halted 6.6 Incidence and death rates Includes: tariff and quota sector-allocable ODA of OECD/ by 2015 and begun to associated with malaria free access for the least DAC donors to basic social services reverse the incidence of 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 developed countries’ (basic education, primary health malaria and other major sleeping under insecticide-treated exports; enhanced care, nutrition, safe water and diseases bednets programme of debt relief sanitation) 6.8 Proportion of children under for heavily indebted poor 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official 5 with fever who are treated with countries (HIPC) and development assistance of appropriate anti-malarial drugs cancellation of official OECD/DAC donors that is untied 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death bilateral debt; and more 8.4 ODA received in landlocked rates associated with tuberculosis generous ODA for developing countries as a proportion 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases countries committed to of their gross national incomes detected and cured under directly poverty reduction 8.5 ODA received in small island observed treatment short course developing States as a proportion of Target 8.C: Address their gross national incomes Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability the special needs of Market access Target 7.A: Integrate the 7.1 Proportion of land area covered landlocked developing 8.6 Proportion of total developed principles of sustainable by forest countries and small country imports (by value and development into country 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita island developing States excluding arms) from developing policies and programmes and per $1 GDP (PPP) (through the Programme countries and least developed and reverse the loss of 7.3 Consumption of ozone- of Action for the countries, admitted free of duty environmental resources depleting substances Sustainable Development 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within of Small Island Developing developed countries on agricultural Target 7.B: Reduce safe biological limits States and the outcome of products and textiles and clothing biodiversity loss, 7.5 Proportion of total water the twenty-second special from developing countries achieving, by 2010, a resources used session of the General 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for significant reduction in the 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and Assembly) OECD countries as a percentage of rate of loss marine areas protected their gross domestic product 7.7 Proportion of species Target 8.D: Deal 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to threatened with extinction comprehensively with help build trade capacity Target 7.C: Halve, by 7.8 Proportion of population using the debt problems of Debt sustainability 2015, the proportion an improved drinking water source developing countries 8.10 Total number of countries that of people without 7.9 Proportion of population using through national and have reached their HIPC decision sustainable access to safe an improved sanitation facility international measures points and number that have drinking water and basic in order to make debt reached their HIPC completion sanitation sustainable in the long points (cumulative) term 8.11 Debt relief committed under Target 7.D: By 2020, to 7.10 Proportion of urban population HIPC and MDRI Initiatives have achieved a significant living in slumsii 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of improvement in the lives exports of goods and services of at least 100 million slum dwellers

113 MDGs Assessment and Data Guidelines

In the preparation of this Report, the The MDGs assessments account for dataset for the 2014 Pacific Regional countries’ own appraisals, particularly MDGs Tracking Report was reviewed, for those that have recently completed refined and updated. For countries their national MDG reports. In most that had not released a recent national cases, countries use proxy data and MDG Report, updates were sourced qualitative information to assess their primarily from national sources. Global progress against the MDGs. These sources for MDGs data, particularly factors are accounted for in the overall the UN Statistics Division’s MDGs assessment. However, there are Indicators Database, was used when occasions when the recent national national data was not available. The assessment is different from that MDGs dataset was cross-checked and contained in this Report. This could verified against the official statistical be because of differences in data and/ definitions for the MDG indicators to or accounting for recent in-country ensure consistency and comparability information from relevant technical across time for each country. agencies. Given that global data sources usually Therefore, as the MDGs assessments transformed national data to ensure are not solely based on quantitative comparability across countries, it would indicators, it is open to interpretation. not be comparable against nationally- Although a balanced approach was sourced data. To this end, as much taken to make the final assessment, as possible, the same source (either there may be cases where the national or global) for which the most assessment is considered to be either up-to-date data was available was too optimistic or too pessimistic. used to update the indicator for each country. For cases where national and global sources both reported data for the latest year, national sources were preferred. Consequently, the data presented in this Report is not strictly

ANNEX 2 comparable across countries.

114 Based on the Assessment Guidelines (See Box A.1), the following MDGs progress classification is used:

Achieved

A ‘not achieved’ assessment indicates insufficient progress towards achieving the MDGs. In other words: (i) Data trended in the wrong direction Mixed or recorded marginal increments in the right direction. (ii) Proxy data and qualitative information (weak government Box A.1. MDGs commitment and/or development Assessment Not partner support, lack of initiatives in Achieved Guidelines place) indicate insufficient progress. A ‘mixed’ assessment indicates: In forming the final (i) Uneven progress: good progress MDGs assessment on some indicators but insufficient for each country the Not progress in others. following are taken into Applicable (ii) Inconsistent progress: initially, account: insufficient/slow progress but good 1. How does the baseline progress more recently; initially, and latest data compare good progress but insufficient/slow with the MDG Target, Insufficient progress more recently. developing country Information On MDG 8 (global partnership for averages and the global development), this Report recognises target for developing that the premise of Goal 8 was that countries? developing countries would focus on 2. Is it realistic to expect achieving the first seven goals, while An ‘achieved’ assessment does not that the country will the developed countries would support necessarily indicate that the country achieve the quantitative these efforts through increased aid will achieve the quantitative target by target? 2015. Instead, it means that good flows, fairer market access, debt relief, progress was made towards achieving as well as ensuring access to affordable 3. Is the data trending in the MDGs: essential drugs and information the right direction? and communications technologies. (i) Latest data recorded modest to 4. Are there any issues Therefore, countries are not assessed with the quality of the significant increments in the right on progress towards MDG 8. direction. data? (ii) Proxy data and qualitative 5. What are the trends in information (strong government proxy data or qualitative commitment and/or development information from partner support, good initiatives in national and technical place) indicate good progress. sources indicating? 6. What are the countries’ own assessment on this target? Does the basis for the countries’ own assessment still hold?

115 Pacific Leaders Gender Equality Declaration

The Leaders of the Pacific Islands To realise this goal, Leaders commit Forum met from 27 to 30 August with renewed energy to implement 2012 in Rarotonga and brought the gender equality actions of the new determination and invigorated Convention for the Elimination of commitment to efforts to lift the status All Forms of Discrimination against of women in the Pacific and empower Women (CEDAW), the Millennium them to be active participants in Development Goals (MDGs), the economic, political and social life. Revised Pacific Platform for Action on Advancement of Women and Leaders expressed their deep concern Gender Equality (2005 to 2015); the that despite gains in girls’ education Pacific Plan; the 42nd Pacific Island and some positive initiatives to address Forum commitment to increase the violence against women, overall representation of women in legislatures progress in the region towards gender and decision making; and the 40th equality is slow. In particular Leaders are Pacific Island Forum commitment to concerned that women’s representation eradicate sexual and gender based in Pacific legislature remains the lowest violence. in the world; violence against women is unacceptably high; and that women’s To progress these commitments, economic opportunities remain limited. Leaders commit to implement specific national policy actions to progress Leaders understand that gender gender equality in the areas of gender inequality is imposing a high personal, responsive government programs and social and economic cost on Pacific policies, decision making, economic people and nations, and that improved empowerment, ending violence against gender equality will make a significant women, and health and education: contribution to creating a prosperous, stable and secure Pacific for all current and future generations. ANNEX 3

116 Gender Responsive Government • Implement equal employment Health and Education Programs and Policies opportunity and gender equality • Ensure reproductive health measures in public sector • Incorporate articles from the (including family planning) employment, including State Convention for the Elimination of education, awareness and service Owned Enterprises and statutory all forms of Discrimination against programs receive adequate funding boards, to increase the proportion Women (CEDAW) into legislative support; and statutory reforms and policy of women employed, including in • Encourage gender parity in initiatives across government; senior positions, and advocate for a similar approach in private sector informal, primary, secondary and • Support the production and use of agencies; tertiary education and training sex disaggregated data and gender opportunities. analysis to inform government • Improve the facilities and policies and programs; governance of local produce markets, including fair and Leaders called on Development • Strengthen consultative mechanisms transparent local regulation and Partners to work in a coordinated, with civil society groups, including taxation policies, so that market consultative and harmonised way to women’s advocacy groups, on key operations increase profitability and support national led efforts to address budget and policy issues of national efficiency and encourage women’s gender inequality across the region and sub-national governments. safe, fair and equal participation in in line with the Paris Declaration on Decision Making local economies. Aid Effectiveness and Cairns Compact • Adopt measures, including • Target support to women on Strengthening Development temporary special measures (such entrepreneurs in the formal and Coordination in the Pacific. Leaders also as legislation to establish reserved informal sectors, for example requested Development Partners to seats for women and political party financial services, information and increase financial and technical support reforms), to accelerate women’s training, and review legislation to gender equality and women’s full and equal participation in that limits women’s access to empowerment programs, and to adopt governance reform at all levels and finance, assets, land and productive strategies within their programs to women’s leadership in all decision resources. provide employment and consultation opportunities for women in the making. Ending Violence against Women planning and delivery of development • Advocate for increased • Implement progressively a package assistance to the region. representation of women in private of essential services (protection, Leaders agreed that progress on the sector and local level governance health, counselling, legal) for economic, political and social positions boards and committees (e.g. women and girls who are survivors of women should be reported on at school boards and produce market of violence. committees). each Forum Leaders meeting. They • Enact and implement legislation directed the Forum Secretariat, with Economic Empowerment regarding sexual and gender based the support of the Secretariat of the • Remove barriers to women’s violence to protect women from Pacific Community and Development employment and participation in violence and impose appropriate Partners, to develop, as part of the the formal and informal sectors, penalties for perpetrators of Pacific Plan performance monitoring including in relation to legislation violence. framework and annual report to that directly or indirectly limits Leaders on country progress in women’s access to employment implementing the above commitments opportunities or contributes to and moving towards achieving greater discriminatory pay and conditions gender equality. for women.

117 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Workplace Gender Equality The Census of Women in Act requires reporting on Leadership launched by the gender equality indicators Government has been a for non-public sector useful tool to track progress organisations with 100 or in this area. The 5050 more employees. Australia Vision-Councils for Gender implementing the National Equality Program expanded Insurance Disability Scheme the Executive Leadership Act, with objects and Scholarships awarded principles that give effect to women. Workplace to CEDAW and rights Center Equality Agency of women and girls with worked with employers to disabilities. Other Acts support gender equitable progressed are Crimes workplaces. Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and Trafficking Act), which provides MAJOR appropriate support to CHALLENGES victims of human trafficking Overall, women in senior through other amendments. management positions Australian Bureau of remain low. Statistics updated gender indicators which includes new data on social interest in education, health, safety FUTURE and justice and democracy, governance and citizenship PLANS domains. Continue to work with Workplace Center Equality Agency to supports MAJOR women’s leadership policies and programs. CHALLENGES Measuring the impact of gender mainstreaming in government programmes and policies.

FUTURE PLANS Launch of the “Promising the Results “(2016-2019) Action Plan. Continue with the collaborative

PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION cross- portfolio approach to women’s policy and establishment of Inter- 118 Departmental Committees. AUSTRALIA

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Improvement in work The 2014 Progress Report Australian girls performed The National Cervical benefits through the Paid on the Australian National better on average across Cancer Programme and Parental Leave Scheme Plan of Action on Women all tested literacy and Breast Screen Australia has which was introduced Peace and Security numeracy domains in all led to significant reduction in July 2015. Australian tabled in parliament and years. Overall participation in mortality. women are increasingly self- recommendations are and retention rates for girls employed and running their being implemented by key was 61% higher than boys. own business. Progress sectors. noted in the proportion MAJOR of women working in CHALLENGES traditionally male-dominated MAJOR industries such as mining. MAJOR Policies and programme CHALLENGES development need to CHALLENGES Retention rates for girls year fully consider sexual Prevalence Studies show 1 7/8 to year 12: Indigenous reproductive health within MAJOR out of 3 Australian women is 58% compared to the social and cultural CHALLENGES has experienced physical 86% for non-indigenous context of women’s lives. violence and 1 out of 5 have girls; programs are being Indigenous women are less experienced sexual violence, implemented to address likely to participate in the with indigenous women this gap. labour force (49%) than many times more likely to FUTURE indigenous men (62%) and experience physical violence PLANS non-indigenous women over their lifetime than non- Continue to support (60%). The gender pay gap indigenous women. FUTURE quality reproductive health is 18% and it is greater in PLANS the private sector at 20% services. than in the public sector Implementation of quality at 13%. FUTURE education programs. PLANS The Second Action Plan FUTURE “Moving Ahead (2013- PLANS 2016)” was launched and resources directed towards Implementation of implementation. government fully funded parental leave.

Source: Australia’s National Beijing +20 Review Report 2014.

119 Gender Responsive Government Decision Programmes Making and Policies

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS Services and systems 34% seats held by women improved to support in parliament and 32% implementation of CEDAW Government Ministers are compliant laws in areas of women. 42% of women in violence against women. senior management in public Equal Employment sector. Opportunities framework guided agencies in increasing equality and diversity in the workplace. New Zealand MAJOR Police and Statistics are CHALLENGES developing new set of None reported. official statistics on victims of crime. This will promote better understanding of the nature and extent of FUTURE domestic violence in New Zealand PLANS Raise awareness of the obstacles to women’s MAJOR progress to senior roles in organisations. Continue CHALLENGES efforts to increase women into leadership roles and Increasing women’s safety encourage actions to from violence, improving address barriers to women’s women’s economic career development. independence and getting women into leadership roles.

FUTURE PLANS Plans to accelerate support on the three key areas above. PROGRESS ON THE PACIFIC LEADERS’ GENDER EQUALITY DECLARATION

120 NEW ZEALAND

Ending Gender Violence Economic Parity in Reproductive Against Empowerment Education Health Services Women

PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER PROGRESS OVER THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 THE LAST 12 MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS Government provided Police reviewed their Girls tend to out-perform None reported. funding to support measures guidelines and training boys in participation and for low income households for investigations of adult completion of education. and sole parents largely sexual assaults. Primary women. prevention program MAJOR supported by the police. CHALLENGES New funding of NZ$10.4M MAJOR Teenage fertility rates are over 2 years to support MAJOR CHALLENGES significantly higher in areas sexual violence services to Education disparities for of high socio-economic CHALLENGES victims and perpetrators. both female and male deprivation. Completed Social Services High levels of occupational students of Maori or Pacific Select Committee Inquiry segregation. In 2014 ethnicity. Fields of study still into funding specialist sexual the employment rate for vary considerably by gender. women in New Zealand was violence services. FUTURE 60% compared to 71% for PLANS men. The unemployment rate is highest among Pacific MAJOR FUTURE Continue programs to and Maori women. support quality sexual and CHALLENGES PLANS reproductive health. Continue to ensure all Moari women are twice people, regardless of socio- as likely to experience FUTURE economic status, ethnicity, violence as other women disability, or gender succeed PLANS and at least 50% of women to the best of their ability and girls who are sexually Consider current and future and are positively engaged assaulted are likely to be patterns of occupational in effective and meaningful re-victimised. segregation and work cross- learning. sector to develop policies to transition low income, low wage women into FUTURE sustainable employment. PLANS Implementation of the recommendations of the Social Services Select Committee Inquiry and progress the specialist sexual violence services.

Source: Australia’s National Beijing +20 Review Report 2014.

121 ANNEX 4

122 Statistical Tables by Country

123 Cook Islands Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … 28.4 (2006) 2005-06 HIES cited in [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … … 8.5 (2006) UNDP from 2005-06 HIES MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … … 9.0 (2006) UNDP from 2005-06 HIES 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed (%) … … -1.3 (2008) [2] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … … 64.0 (2011) [3] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 9.9 (2011) SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … … 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 2.0 (2006) 2005-06 HIES cited in [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education … 92.0 (2001) * 96.0 (2014) ** *MOE cited in [1], **[4] 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 99.9 (1986) * 99.9 (2001) ** 86.6 (2014) *** *NSO cited in [2], **MOE cited in [1], ***MOE MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) … 99.0 (2001) * 96.0 (2011) ** *NSO cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 98.0 (1990) * 89.0 (2003) * 97.3 (2014) ** MOE cited in *[2],**[4] 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 112.0 (1990) * 94.0 (2003) * 99.1 (2014) ** MOE cited in *[2],**[4] MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 86.0 (1990) 100.0 (2001) … MOE cited in [2] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 38.0 (1991) * 46.0 (2001) ** 47.3 (2011) ** NSO cited in *[1], **[3] 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 6.0 (1991) * 8.0 (2001) * 16.7 (2014) ** *[2], **SPC NMDI

+ + + 4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 26.1 (1996-02) * 5.7 (2009-13) ** *[5], **SPC from preliminary Vital Statistics Report + + + + 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 16.1 (1990-94) * 13.9 (1998-02) * 3.6 (2009-13) ** *[6], **SPC from preliminary Vital Statistics Report MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … 83.0 (2001) * 100.0 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **MOH & WPRO technical units cited in [7]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 39.2 (1990-94) * 0.0 (1998-02) * 0.0 (2008-12) ** *[6], **[7] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 70.0 (1988) * 98.0 (2001) ** 100.0 (2008) ** MOH cited in *[2],**[1] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) … 47.2 (2001) 46.1 (2005) MOH cited in [1] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 33.0 (2001) * 67.7 (2009-13) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC from preliminary Vital Statistics Report 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … 100.0 (2001) 100.0 (2008) MOH cited in [1] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … …

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.0 (1991) * 0.0 (2001) ** 0.0 (2010) *** MOH cited in *[2] & **[1], ***SPC NMDI 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … 43.8 (2001) … MOH cited in [1] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … … 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 12.0 (1990) 7.4 (2000) 18.0 (2013) [8] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 0.3 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 2.0 (2013) [8] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 0.0 (1990) 6.5 (2000) 11.0 (2013) [8] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 87.0 (1991) 87.0 (2000) 87.0 (2013) [8] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 100.0 (1994) 0.0 (2001) 0.0 (2012) [8]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 62.5 (1990) 66.7 (2000) 66.7 (2010) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 22.0 (1990) 29.0 (2000) 70.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [9] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 1.2 (1990) 1.6 (2000) 3.5 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [9] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … … … 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.1 (1991) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2012) Country data cited in [9] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.0 (1990) 0.1 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 100.0 (1990) 100.0 (2000) 100.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 92.0 (1995) 92.0 (2000) 97.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … 0.0 (2001) * 0.0 (2011) ** *Office of the Prime Minister cited in [1], **[3]

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … 19.0 (2001) 26.9 (2008) MFEM cited in [1] MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) 67.6 (1991) * 84.8 (2001) ** … MFEM cited in *[2] & **[1] 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 12.1 (1990) 4.3 (2000) 21.2 (2012) *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [9] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 99.1 (2000) 54.9 (2012) Country data cited in [9] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) 2.6 (1999) * 3.4 (2001) ** 10.0 (2008) ** MFEM cited in *[2] & **[1] 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … … … 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs 100.0 (1991) * 100.0 (2001) ** 100.0 (2008) ** MOH cited in *[2] & **[1] 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 17.0 (1990) * 31.9 (2000) ** 37.8 (2013) ** *ITU estimate & **Telecom Cook Islands Limited cited in [9] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 3.1 (2000) ** 55.8 (2013) ** *ITU estimate & **Telecom Cook Islands Limited cited in [9] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 15.7 (2000) ** 45.0 (2013) * *ITU estimate & **Telecom Cook Islands Limited cited in [9]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Cook Islands, Office of the Prime Minister, National Millennium Development Goals Report, Cook Islands 2010. Available from http://www.undp.org.ws/�Portals/12/News%20Room/Publications/MDG%20Report/MDG%202010-CKI.pdf [2] Cook Islands, Office of the Prime Minister, Millennium Development Goals National Report 2005. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Cook%20Islands/Cook%20Islands%20MDG%202005.pdf [3] Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Statistics Office, Cook Islands 2011 Census of Population and Dwellings - Main Report . Available from http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf

[4] Cook Islands, Ministry of Education, Statistics Report 2014 . Available from http://www.education.gov.ck/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-Education-Statistics-Report.pdf [5] SPC, Demographic Profile of Cook Islands, 1996–2002. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/country/ck/stats/NewsEvents/CIDemogProf.pdf [6] Cook Islands, Medical Records Unit, Rarotonga Hospital, Health Statistical Tables, 2009-2010. Available from http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=cook%20islands%20health%20statistical%20tables&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.gov.ck%2Findex.php%2Fother-services%2Fstaff-online- services%2Fdocuments%2Fdoc_download%2F328-2010-statistical-bulletin-tables-final&ei=lKxOUKXdFaWNmQXpg4HICg&usg=AFQjCNEgVR51chqvs-rNLHH-m-l3c21-Gw&cad=rja

[7] WHO, Western Pacific Country Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revision . Available from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_information_evidence/documents/CHIPS2011.pdf [8] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [9] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) + U5M and IM figures are not comparable due to different time periods.

124

1 FSM Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 27.9 (1998) 31.4 (2005) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 9.8 (1998) 9.3 (2005) [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … … 8.5 (2005) [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … 0.4 (2009) [2] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) 43.6 (1994) * 58.6 (2000) * 49.5 (2010) ** *Census data cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 12.8 (2010) SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) 13.3 (1989) * … 15.0 (2005) ** *National Nutrition Survey & **DHSA cited in [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 11.0 (2005) [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 93.7 (1990) * 92.3 (2000) ** 83.1 (2014) *** SPC from *1994 census, **2000 census & ***2014 UNESCO database 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … 92.0 (1997-00) * 86.0 (2007-09) ** *Statistical Yearbook & **2009 DOE JEMCO Report cited in [2] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 96.4 (1994) * 95.1 (2000) * 95.7 (2010) ** *Census data cited in [2], **SPC from 2010 census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 92.0 (1994) * … 100.0 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [2], **SPC from 2011 DOE JEMCO Report 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 98.0 (1994) * … 109.0 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [2], **SPC from 2011 DOE JEMCO Report MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 70.0 (1994) 107.0 (2000) … Census data cited in [2] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 14.8 (1994) 14.4 (2000) 37.9 (2010) *Census data cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1997) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2014) Country data cited in [3]

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 62.0 (1990) * 52.0 (1996) * 36.0 (2010) ** Census data cited in [2], **SPC from census 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 46.0 (1990) * 40.0 (1996) * 29.0 (2010) ** Census data cited in [2], **SPC from census MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … 79.0 (1999) 91.0 (2009) DHSA (Family Health Unit) cited in [2]

+ + + + 5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 224.0 (1994e) 38.6 (2000) 0.0 (2009) DHSA cited in [2] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 93.0 (1998) 88.0 (2000) 90.0 (2008) FSM Statistical Yearbook 2008 cited in [2] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 45.0 (1990) … 40.0 (2009) DHSA cited in [2] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 90.0 (1990) * 44.0 (2000) * 44.0 (2010) ** *Census data & **SPC from census 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … … 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … …

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … 0.0 (2010) SPC 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … ... … MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … … 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 100.0 (2013) [4] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 469.0 (1990) 561.0 (2000) 262.0 (2013) [5] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 26.0 (1990) 81.0 (2000) 21.0 (2013) [5] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 379.0 (1990) 279.0 (2000) 188.0 (2013) [5] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 100.0 (1990) 30.0 (2000) 72.0 (2012) [5] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 64.0 (1994) 93.0 (2000) 93.0 (2011) [5]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 91.4 (1990) 91.4 (2000) 91.4 (2010) Country data cited in [3] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) … 136.0 (2000) 103.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) … 1.3 (2000) 0.9 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … 0.4 (2000) 0.3 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 1.0 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.1 (1990) 0.1 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 91.0 (1990) 90.0 (2000) 89.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 19.0 (1990) 34.0 (2000) 57.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … 58.0 (2004-08) FSM Statistical Yearbook 2008 cited in [2] MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … 100.0 (2009) US GAO for COFA funds cited in [2] 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 29.3 (1993) * 41.5 (2000) * 39.5 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [3], **[6] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 2.3 (2000) 5.6 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … 60.8 (2000) * 6.6 (2012e) ** *[7], **[8] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 2.5 (1990) * 9.0 (2000) ** 9.7 (2013) * *FSM Telecom & **ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 30.3 (2013) FSM Telecom cited in [3] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 3.7 (2000) 27.8 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [3]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] David Abbott, Federated States of Micronesia: Analysis of the 2005 HIES. (Suva, Fiji: FSM, Office of SBOC & UNDP Pacific Centre, 2008). Available from http://www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/files/FSM.pdf [2] FSM, Office of SBOC, Millennium Development Goals and the Federated States of Micronesia, Status Report 2010 . Available from http://www.undp.�org.fj/pdf/MDG%20Report/FSM_MDG.pdf [3] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [4] FSM, Department of Health & Social Affairs,2014 Global AIDSProgress Report: Federated States of Micronesia. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/FSM_narrative_report_2014.pdf [5] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [6] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 6 May 2015) [7] IMF, "Federated States of Micronesia: 2004 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 05/104 . (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2005). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/cr05104.pdf [8] IMF, "Federated States of Micronesia: 2012 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 13/16 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2013). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1316.pdf + Single year figures unstable due to small size of population. Under-reporting an issue.

125 Fiji Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 39.8 (2002-03) 35.2 (2008-09) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 12.2 (2002-03) 9.9 (2008-09) [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption (%) … 5.9 (2002) 5.4 (2008) [2] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 57.2 (1996) 50.3 (2007) SPC NMDI from [3] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 27.7 (2007) SPC NMDI from [3] 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) 6.9 (1993) * … 7.0 (2008) ** *National Nutrition Survey cited in [4], **[5] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … 6.8 (2002) 7.5 (2008) [2]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 92.0 (1990) * 94.7 (2000) * 99.6 (2013) ** MOE cited in *[6] & **[7] 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 91.4 (1995) * 88.4 (2000) * 98.3 (2010) ** MOE cited in *[6] & **[8] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 97.5 (1986) * 99.3 (1996) * 99.5 (2008) ** *NSO cited in [6], **MOE cited in [9]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 94.0 (1990) * 98.0 (2000) * 94.0 (2012) ** *MOE cited in [6], **SPC NMDI from MOE 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 105.0 (1990) * 107.0 (2000) * 104.0 (2012) ** *MOE cited in [6], **SPC from MOE MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 72.0 (1990) * 82.0 (2000) * 119.0 (2005) ** *USP cited in [6], **Estimated data cited in [4] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 29.9 (1990) * 33.2 (2000) * 34.0 (2007) ** *Country estimated data cited in [4], **SPC NMDI from [3] 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1990) * 11.3 (2000) ** 16.0 (2014) *** *[6], **Country data cited in [4], ***SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 27.8 (1990) * … 17.9 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 16.8 (1990) * … 13.7 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 86.0 (1991) * … 79.9 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 60.4 (1995) * … 19.1 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 98.0 (1990) * … 99.7 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 31.0 (1990) * … 38.4 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [6], **[10] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 37.0 (2003e) * 40.1 (2013) ** *SPC NMDI, **[10] 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 95.0 (2010) SPC NMDI from MOH hospital data 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … …

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.1 (1990) 0.1 (2000) 0.2 (2013) UNAIDS Report 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … … MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS (%) … … … 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 70.1 (2013) [11] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 165.0 (1990) 103.0 (2000) 100.0 (2013) [12] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 5.7 (1990) 3.7 (2000) 4.2 (2013) [12] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 84.0 (1990) 53.0 (2000) 57.0 (2013) [12] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 37.0 (1990) 33.0 (2000) 51.0 (2013) [12] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 90.0 (1994) 85.0 (2000) 86.0 (2012) [12]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 52.2 (1990) 53.7 (2000) 55.5 (2010) Country data cited in [4] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 818.0 (1990) 865.0 (2000) 1291.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [4] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 1.1 (1990) 1.1 (2000) 1.5 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [4] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.3 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 0.4 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [4] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 41.8 (1990) 2.5 (2000) 14.5 (2012) Country data cited in [4] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … 0.3 (2000) … Estimated data cited in [4] 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.3 (1990) 0.5 (2000) 6.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [4] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 85.0 (1990) 91.0 (2000) 96.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [4] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 57.0 (1990) 74.0 (2000) 87.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [4] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 3.8 (1990) 1.7 (2000) 2.4 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [4], **[13] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 51.2 (2000) 73.2 (2012) Country data cited in [4] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) 9.0 (1990) 2.4 (2000) 1.5 (2012) Country adjusted data cited in [4] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 5.8 (1990) * 10.6 (2000) ** 8.5 (2013) *** *Telecom Fiji, **ITU estimate & ***Ministry of Communications cited in [4] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 6.8 (2000) * 101.1 (2013) ** *Telecom Fiji & **Ministry of Communications cited in [4] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 1.5 (2000) * 37.1 (2013) ** *Telecom Fiji & **ITU estimate cited in [4]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] World Bank and FIBOS, Republic of Fiji Poverty Trends, Profiles and Small Area Estimation (Poverty Maps) in Republic of Fiji (2003-2009). (World Bank, 2011). Available from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/2791/638420ESW0P1150isclosed0100310110FJ.pdf?sequence=1 [2] Wadan Narsey, Toga Raikoti and Epeli Waqavonovono, Preliminary Report: Poverty and Household Incomes in Fiji in 2008-09 (based on the 2008-09 HIES). Available from http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/cens&surveys/Preliminary%20Report%20on%20the%202008-09%20HIES%20.pdf

[3] 2007 Census of Population and Housing. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/fiji/index.php/2007-census-of-population [4] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [5] Fiji, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health Annual Report 2009. Available from http://www.health.gov.fj/files/reports/Annual%20Report%202009.pdf [6] Fiji, National Planning Office, Ministry of Finance & National Planning, Millennium Development Goals Fiji National Report November 2004. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Fiji/Fiji%20MDG%202004.pdf [7] Fiji, Ministry for Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts, Youth and Sports, Annual Report 2013. Available from http://www.education.gov.fj/images/AnnualReports/Annual%20Report_2013.pdf [8] Fiji, Ministry for Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts, Youth and Sports, 2012-2014 Education Sector Strategic Development Plan. Available from http://www.education.gov.fj/forms/PUBLICATIONS&PRESS%20RELEASES/STRATEGIC%20DEVELOPMENT%20PLAN/2012%20-%202014%20ESSDP.pdf

[9] Fiji, Ministry of National Planning, Millennium Development Goals: 2nd Report, 1990-2009 Report for the Fiji Islands. Available from http://www.undp.org.fj/pdf/Millennium%20%20Development%20Goals.pdf [10] Fiji, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health Annual Report 2013. Available from http://www.health.gov.fj/PDFs/Annual%20Report/Annual%20Report%202013.pdf [11] Fiji, Global AIDS Progress Report 2013 - Fiji Islands. Available from https://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/FJI_narrative_report_2014.pdf [12] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [13] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 6 May 2015)

126

3 Kiribati Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … 21.8 (2006) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … … 7.2 (2006) [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption 6.0 (1996) * … 7.8 (2006) ** *HIES data cited in [2], **[1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … … 43.6 (2010) SPC NMDI from census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 15.7 (2010) SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 23.1 (2009) [3] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 5.3 (2006) [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 76.2 (1990) * 93.5 (2000) * 78.0 (2013) ** *[2], **MOE cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 98.0 (1990) * 79.1 (2004) ** 89.5 (2012) *** *NSO cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from NSO, ***[4], MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) … 92.0 (2000) * 98.5 (2010) ** *SPC NMDI from NSO, **SPC NMDI from census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education … 101.0 (1999) * 103.0 (2013) ** *Country data cited in [5], **MOE cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education … 119.0 (1999) * 153.0 (2013) ** *Country data cited in [5], **MOE cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014 MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 120.0 (1995) 100.0 (2000) … USP data+ cited in [2] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) … 36.8 (2000) * 47.4 (2010) ** *Country census data cited in [5], **SPC NMDI from census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1990) * 4.9 (2000) * 8.7 (2014) ** *Country data cited in [5]. **SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 101.0 (1992) * 69.0 (2005) ** 52.9 (2013) * *MHMS cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014, **Census data cited in [6] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 49.0 (1991) * 52.0 (2005) ** 26.2 (2013) * *MHMS cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014, **Census data cited in [8] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … 56.0 (2004) 91.0 (2013) MHMS cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 124.6 (1991-95) 179.8 (2000-05) 80.3 (2010-14) MHMS cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 60.0 (1988) * 75.1 (2000) ** 86.9 (2014) ** *MHMS cited in [2], **MHMS cited in Kiribati MDG Progress Report June 2014 MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) … … 22.3 (2009) [3] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 39.0 (2004-05) * 49.0 (2010) ** SPC NMDI from *population estimates & **census 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 88.4 (2009) [3] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 28.0 (2009) [3]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … … 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 16.0 (2009) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [5] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … … 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … … 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 236.0 (1990) 472.0 (2000) 748.0 (2013) [9] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 29.0 (1990) 15.0 (2000) 29.0 (2013) [9] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 116.0 (1990) 372.0 (2000) 497.0 (2013) [9] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 82.0 (1990) 82.0 (2000) 80.0 (2013) [9] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 87.0 (1995) 91.0 (2000) 89.0 (2012) [9]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 14.8 (1990) 14.8 (2000) 14.8 (2010) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 22.0 (1990) 33.0 (2000) 62.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.3 (1990) 0.4 (2000) 0.6 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.2 (1990) 0.2 (2000) 0.3 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.4 (1990) 1.0 (2000) 20.2 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 50.0 (1990) 59.0 (2000) 67.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 28.0 (1990) 34.0 (2000) 40.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 41.9 (1990) * 16.5 (2000) * 25.2 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [5], **[10] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 8.3 (2000) 99.8 (2013) Country data cited in [5] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … 9.5 (1998) * 10.0 (2014) ** *[11], **Ministry of Finance & Economic Development 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 1.7 (1990) * 4.0 (2000) ** 8.8 (2013) ** *Telecom Services Kiribati Limited, **ITU estimate cited in [5] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.4 (2000) * 16.6 (2013) ** *Telecom Services Kiribati Limited, **ITU estimate cited in [5] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 1.8 (2000) * 11.5 (2013) * *ITU estimate cited in [5]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] David Abbott, Kiribati Analysis of the 2006 HIES: A Report on the Estimation of Basic Needs Poverty Lines and the Incidence and Characteristics of Poverty in Kiribati. (Suva, Fiji: Kiribati NSO & UNDP Pacific Centre) Available from http://www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/.../Kiribati_Poverty_Report.pdf

[2] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [3] SPC and Kiribati NSO, Kiribati Demographic and Health Survey 2009 . (Noumea, New Caledonia: SPC). Available from http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=67&Itemid=42&lang=en [4] Kiribati, Ministry of Education, Digest of Education Statistics 2012. Available from http://www.moe.gov.ki/statistics/Kiribati-Statistics-Digest-2012.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1 [5] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [6] Kiribati, Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning, Republic of Kiribati Millennium Development Goals Report 2007. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Kiribati/Kiribati_MDG_2007.eng.pdf [7] Kiribati, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Annual Report 2011. Available from http://www.phinnetwork.org/Portals/0/Annual%20Report_Kiribati_2011_Part01.pdf [8] SPC and Kiribati NSO, Kiribati 2005 Census, Volume 2: Analytical Report, January 2007. (Noumea, New Caledonia: SPC). Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/Country/KI/Stats/Census2005/reports/KIR%20Report%202005%20-%20Volume%20II%20-%20FINAL.pdf

[9] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [10] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 6 May 2015) [11] IMF, "Kiribati: 2001 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 01/165 . (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2001). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2001/cr01165.pdf [12] IMF, "Kiribati: 2014 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 14/138 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14138.pdf + “In-country”, for USP centres and satellite training.

127

4 RMI Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … … 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … … … MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … 1.6 (1999) 3.3 (2002e) EPPSO cited in [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 38.6 (1999) * 39.9 (2011) ** SPC NMDI from *1999 & **2011 census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … 26.7 (1999) * 21.9 (2010) ** *Country census data cited in [3], **SPC 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) 19.0 (1991) 27.0 (1997) 13.0 (2007) SPC & 2007 DHS cited in [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … …

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 89.7 (1988) * 84.1 (1999) * 84.0 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [1], **SPC from 2011 census 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … 42.4 (2002) 83.5 (2008) Country data cited in [3] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) … 98.3 (1999) * 98.0 (2011) ** SPC NMDI from *1999 census & **2011 census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 95.0 (1989) * … 100.0 (2010-11) ** *MOE cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from 2010-11 MOE Yearbook 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 105.0 (1990) * … 113.0 (2010-11) ** *MOE cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from 2010-11 MOE Yearbook MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education … 90.0 (1996) 103.0 (2008) CMI, MISGLB & USP data cited in [2] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 33.2 (1988) 35.9 (1999) 36.7 (2011) ** Census data cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 3.0 (1990) * 3.0 (2001) ** 3.0 (2014) ** *[2], **Country data cited in [3]

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 93.0 (1988) * 56.0 (1998-02) ** 31.4 (2009-11) *** *Census data cited in [2], **[4], ***SPC NMDI from 2011 MOH Annual Report 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 63.0 (1988) * 46.0 (1998-02) ** 25.4 (2009-11) *** *Census data cited in [2], **[4], ***SPC NMDI from 2011 census MDG 4 + 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … 80.0 (2001) * 90.2 (2009) ** *SPC cited in [2], **MOH cited in [5]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 0.0 (1991) * … 143.0 (2010) ** MOH cited in *[1] & **MOH cited in [5] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) … … 98.3 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 MOH Annual Report MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 30.6 (1995) * 34.0 (2001) * 16.0 (2010) ** *SPC & 2007 DHS cited in [2], **MOH cited in [5] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 162.0 (1988) * 94.0 (2000) * 85.0 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [2], **SPC NMDI from census 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 92.0 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 MOH Annual Report 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 2.4 (2009) MOH cited in [5]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … 0.2 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 MOH Annual Report 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 15.3 (2007) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [3] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 33.0 (2007) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [3] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 87.5 (2013) [6] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 78.0 (1990) 103.0 (2000) 490.0 (2013) [7] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 3.6 (1990) 3.5 (2000) 39.0 (2013) [7] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 67.0 (1990) 81.0 (2000) 354.0 (2013) [7] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 80.0 (1991) 80.0 (2000) 80.0 (2013) [7] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 25.0 (1995) 91.0 (2000) 86.0 (2012) [7]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 72.2 (1990) 72.2 (2000) 72.2 (2010) Country data cited in [3] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 48.0 (1990) 77.0 (2000) 103.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 1.0 (1990) 1.5 (2000) 1.9 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … … … 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 1.2 (1990) 0.6 (2000) 0.2 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.1 (1990) 0.7 (2000) 0.7 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 92.0 (1990) * 93.0 (2000) * 95.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [3] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 65.0 (1990) 70.0 (2000) * 76.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [3] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) … 45.8 (1998) * 43.0 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [3], **[8] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 85.6 (2000) 84.9 (2011) Country data cited in [3] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … 135.8 (2001) * 10.2 (2012) ** *[9] **[10] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 1.1 (1990) * 7.7 (2000) * 6.0 (2011) ** *NTA cited in [3], **SPC NMDI from Ministry of Transportation & Communication 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.9 (2000) * 24.0 (2011) ** *NTA cited in [3], **SPC NMDI from Ministry of Transportation & Communication 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 1.5 (2000) * 11.7 (2013) ** *NTA & **ITU estimate cited in [3]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [2] RMI, EPPSO, Republic of the Marshall Islands Millennium Development Goals Progress Report 2009 . Available from http://www.undp.org.fj/components/com_publications/pdfs/Marshall%20Islands%20MDG%20Report%2020091259784707.pdf [3] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [4] SPC and EPPSO, Marshall Islands Demographic and Health Survey 2007 . (Noumea, New Caledonia: SPC). Available from http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=48&Itemid=42&lang=en [5] WHO, Western Pacific Country Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revision . Available from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_information_evidence/documents/CHIPS2011.pdf [6] RMI, Global AIDS Progress Report 2014 - Republic of the Marshall Islands. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/MHL_narrative_report_2014.pdf [7] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [8] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 6 May 2015) [9] IMF, Republic of the Marshall Islands: 2005 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report, IMF Country Report No. 06/95 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2006). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr0695.pdf [10] IMF, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Staff Report for the 2013 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country Report No. 14/26 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1426.pdf + Likely represents 12-23 month olds. Measles immunisation administed at [tba] months.

128

5 Nauru Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … 25.1 (2006) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … … … MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … … 6.4 (2006) [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 83.9 (2002) * 46.7 (2011) ** *SPC NMDI from 2002 census, **[2] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 5.6 (2011) SPC 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 5.6 (2007) [3] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 16.0 (2006) [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 75.1 (1992) * 60.3 (2002) * 93.0 (2013) ** *Census data cited in [4], **SPC NMDI from DOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … … 92.8 (2011) SPC NMDI from MOE MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) … 99.0 (2002) * 96.5 (2011) ** SPC NMDI from *NSO, **[2]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 103.0 (1992) * 115.0 (2000) * 102.0 (2013) ** *Census data cited in [4], **SPC NMDI from DOE 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education … … 106.0 (2013) SPC NMDI from MOE MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 60.0 (1995) 250.0 (2000) … USP data+ cited in [4] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) … 42.0 (2002) * 37.6 (2011) ** *SPC NMDI from 2002 census, **[2] 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 5.6 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 5.3 (2014) Country data cited in [5]

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 48.0 (2002-06) * 22.7 (2007-11) ** *[2], **SPC from preliminary Vital Statistics Report 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 43.0 (2002-06) * 18.0 (2007-11) ** *[2], **SPC from preliminary Vital Statistics Report MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … … 65.0 (2010)^ PIFS from MOH

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) … … … 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) … … 97.4 (2007) 2007 DHS cited in [4] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) … … 35.6 (2007) 2007 DHS cited in [4] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 108.0 (1988-92) * 105.0 (1998-02) * 94.3 (2009-11) ** *[3], **SPC 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 94.6 (2007) [3] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 23.5 (2007) [3]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … 0.0 (2011) SPC NMDI 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 13.3 (2007) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [4] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 11.5 (2007) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [4] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 111.0 (1990) 69.0 (2000) 71.0 (2013) [6] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 6.6 (1990) 6.6 (2000) 6.7 (2013) [6] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 88.0 (1990) 46.0 (2000) 47.0 (2013) [6] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 87.0 (1990) 87.0 (2000) 87.0 (2011) [6] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) … 25.0 (2000) 40.0 (2010) [6]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2010) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 154.0 (1990) 103.0 (2000) 84.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 16.5 (1990) 10.3 (2000) 8.2 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … … … 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 0.4 (2000) 0.0 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) … … … 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source … 93.0 (2000) 96.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 66.0 (1990) 66.0 (2000) 66.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 0.2 (1990) 4.0 (2000) … Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [5] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 84.6 (2010) 97.8 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … … … 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 13.1 (1990) * 17.9 (2000) * n/a ** *ITU estimate & **Min of Transport & Telecom (Nauru no longer has an operational cable network) cited in [5] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 12.0 (2000) * 67.8 (2012) ** *ITU estimate & **Min of Transport & Telecom (according to Digicel data) cited in [5] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 3.0 (2001) * 25.4 (2013) ** *ITU estimate cited in [5], **SPC NMDI from HIES

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Ramrakha Detenamo, Poverty Incidence in Nauru, An Assessment of Povery, paper presented at the 7th United Nations Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific Research-based Training Programme, Korea, 9 June to 8 August, 2008 [2] Nauru, National Report on Population and Housing, Census 2011. Available from http://www.spc.int/nmdi/nmdi_documents/2011_NAURU_CENSUS_REPORT.pdf [3] SPC and Nauru Bureau of Statistics, Nauru Demographic and Health Survey 2007 . (Noumea, New Caledonia: SPC). Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/country/nr/stats/Publication/DHS/Report/NauruDHS-Report_TOC&Summary.pdf [4] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [5] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [6] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ + “In-country”, for USP centres and satellite training. ^ According to health authorities, 100% of 1 year olds were immunised against measles from 2007-09. The 65% recorded in 2010 was due to the shortage of vaccine and the remaining children were immunised in 2011.

129

6 Niue Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 13.0 (2002) … SPC NMDI from 2002 HIES 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 0.0 (2002) … NSO cited in [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … 6.6 (2002) … NSO cited in [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … … 67.0 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 14.0 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … 0.0 (2002) * 0.0 (2005) ** *NSO from MOH cited in [1], **Niue Foou Hospital data cited in [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … 0.0 (2002) … NSO cited in [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 100.0 (1991) * 90.2 (2001) ** 100.0 (2013) *** *NSO from MOE cited in [1], **NSO from census cited in [3], ***SPC NMDI from MOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 100.0 (1991) * … 100.0 (2010) ** *NSO from MOE cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 95.0 (1992) * … 98.0 (2011) ** *NSO from MOE cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 270.0 (1991) * 90.0 (2001) * 90.0 (2013) ** *NSO cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 90.0 (1991) * 100.0 (2001) * 97.0 (2013) *NSO cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census MDG 3 + 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 190.0 (1995) * 200.0 (2002) ** 517.0 (2011) *** *USP data cited in [3], **NSO cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 43.0 (1991) * 70.0 (1997) * 46.0 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2011 census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 10.0 (1990) * 10.0 (2002) 15.0 (2014) ** *Justice cited in [1], **SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 13.0 (1987-91) 37.6 (1997-01) 16.1 (2007-11) [4] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 13.0 (1987-91) 30.1 (199-01) 8.1 (2007-11) [4] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 100.0 (1991) * 100.0 (2001) * 100.0 (2011) ** *MOH cited in [1], **PIFS from MOH

# # # 5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 0.0 (1991) * 0.0 (2001) * 0.0 (2007-11) ** *MOH cited in [1], **[4] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 100.0 (1990) 100.0 (2000) 100.0 (2011) SPC NMDI from NSO MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 35.9 (1991) 22.6 (2001) … MOH cited in [1] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 27.7 (2001-06) * 19.9 (2007-11) ** *[5], **SPC NMDI from Niue Vital Statistics Report 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 100.0 (2008) Country adjusted data, FPI~ cited in [6] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … …

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.0 (1991) * 0.0 (2001) * 0.0 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … … MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS 60.0 (1991) 65.0 (2001) 70.0 (2006) MOH cited in [1] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 44.0 (1990) 45.0 (2000) 19.0 (2013) [7] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 1.2 (1990) 1.2 (2000) 0.5 (2013) [7] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2013) [7] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2013) [7] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) … 100.0 (1999) n/a (2012) [7]ˇ

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 80.8 (1990) 76.9 (2000) 73.1 (2010) Estimated data cited in [6] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 4.0 (1990) 4.0 (2000) 7.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [6] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 1.7 (1990) 2.1 (2000) 4.8 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [6] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … … … 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2012) Country data cited in [6] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) … 1.9 (2000) 1.9 (2010) Estimated data cited in [6] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 99.0 (1990) 99.0 (2000) 99.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [6] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 69.0 (1995) 79.0 (2000) 100.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [6] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) n/a n/a n/a

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 7.2 (1990) 3.2 (2000) … Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [6] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 92.3 (2000) 88.5 (2010) Country data cited in [6] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … … … 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs 100.0 (1991) 100.0 (2001) 100.0 (2006) MOH cited in [1] 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 17.7 (1992) * 55.3 (2000) ** 74.4 (2013) ** *Posts and Telecom & **ITU estimate cited in [6] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population … … 11.8 (2011) SPC from Niue Telecom 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 26.5 (2000) 86.9 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [6]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Niue, Economics, Planning Development & Statistics Unit, Premiers Department, Niue Millennium Development Goals 2006 Report. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Niue/Niue%20MDG%202007.pdf [2] WHO, Western Pacific Country Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revision . Available from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_information_evidence/documents/CHIPS2011.pdf [3] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [4] Niue Statistics Unit & SPC, Niue Vital Statistics Report: 1987-2011. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/niue/index.php/niue-documents/doc_download/120-vital-a-health-statistics [5] Niue, National Planning & Development Office and SPC, Niue Population Profile based on 2006 Census of Population and Housing: a Guide for Planners and Policy-Makers. Available from http://www.spc.int/.../Census%202006/NIUE%20PROFILE-25-02WEB.pdf [6] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [7] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ + “In-country”, for USP centres and satellite training. # Single year figure unstable due to small size of population.

130

7 Palau Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … 24.9 (2006) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … … 6.6 (2006) [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … … 10.2 (2006) [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … … 65.3 (2012) SPC NMDI from 2012 Mini Census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 7.9 (2012) SPC NMDI from 2012 Mini Census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 2.2 (2010) MOH cited in [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 0.0 (2006) [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 81.8 (1990) * 85.0 (2004-05) ** 90.0 (2011) *** *Census data cited in [3], **MOE cited in [4], ***SPC NMDI from MOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … … 93.0 (2005) MOE cited in [4] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) … 99.0 (2000) * 99.8 (2013) ** *Office of Planning and Statistics cited in [4], **Country data cited in [5]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education … 92.7 (2000-01) * 87.7 (2013-14) ** *SPC NMDI from MOE, **Palau 2013 Statistical Yearbook 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education … 110.0 (2000-01) * 103.0 (2013-14) ** *MOE cited in [4], **Palau 2013 Statistical Yearbook MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education … 235.0 (2000) 204.0 (2002) Estimated data cited in [5] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 39.6 (1990) * 39.6 (2000) ** 39.6 (2005) *** *Estimated data & **country census data cited in [5], ***SPC NMDI from census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1990) * 0.0 (2000) ** 0.0 (2014) ** *[4], **Country data cited in [5]

^ ^ ^ ^ 4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 36.8 (1990) * 14.4 (2000) * 12.2 (2010) ** MOH cited in *[4] & **[2] ^ 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 40.6 (1999-2001) 13.4 (2011-2013) Palau 2013 Statistical Yearbook MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 98.0 (1990) 83.0 (2000) 85.0 (2011) Estimated data cited in [5]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 0.0 (1990) * 0.0 (2000) * 0.0 (2010) ** MOH cited in *[4] & **[2] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 100.0 (1990) * 100.0 (2000) 100.0 (2010) ** MOH cited in *[4] & **[2] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) … … 22.3 (2010) MOH cited in [2] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 24.8 (2000) * 37.0 (2013) ** MOH cited in *[4] & **Palau Statistical Yearbook 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 90.3 (2010) MOH cited in [2] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … …

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.0 (1990) * … 0.0 (2010) ** MOH cited in *[4] & **[2] 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … 1.8 (2003) … Country survey# data cited in [5] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … … 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) 100.0 (1995) 100.0 (2000) 100.0 (2007) MOH cited in [4] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 102.0 (1990) 207.0 (2000) 53.0 (2013) [6] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 10.0 (1990) 21.0 (2000) 1.7 (2013) [6] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 66.0 (1990) 135.0 (2000) 44.0 (2013) [6] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 87.0 (1991) 87.0 (1999) 87.0 (2013) [6] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 64.0 (1994) 100.0 (2001) 100.0 (2012) [6]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 82.6 (1990) 87.0 (2000) 87.0 (2010) Country data cited in [5] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 235.0 (1990) 117.0 (2000) 216.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 15.6 (1990) 6.1 (2000) 10.6 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 1.0 (1991) 0.5 (2000) 0.9 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 70.7 (2000) 0.2 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.5 (1990) 18.4 (2000) # 28.2 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 90.0 (1990) 92.0 (2000) 95.0 (2010) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 46.0 (1990) 81.0 (2000) 100.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) 65.0 (1995) 39.0 (2000) 35.0 (2007) US GAO & MOF cited in [4] 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 0.0 (1992) * 31.2 (2000) * 14.8 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [5], **[7] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 1.3 (2000) 1.7 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries 0.0 (1995) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2007) COFA cited in [4] 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … 1.2 (2000) * 4.2 (2013e) ** *[8], **[9] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population … 35.4 (2002) * 33.5 (2013) ** *ITU estimate cited & **PNCC cited in [5] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population … 12.6 (2002) * 90.4 (2013) ** *ITU estimate cited & **PNCC cited in [5] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population … 6.1 (2000) 5.7 (2007) Office of Planning and Statistics/PNCC cited in [4]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] David Abbott, Palau: Analysis of the 2006 HIES. (Suva, Fiji: Palau Office of Planning and Statistics & UNDP Pacific Centre, 2008). Available from http://www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/.../UNDPPC%20Palau%20Report.pdf [2] WHO, Western Pacific Country Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revision . Available from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_information_evidence/documents/CHIPS2011.pdf [3] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [4] Palau, MDG Task Force, Ministry of Finance, The Millennium Development Goals: Initial Status Report Republic of Palau, 2008. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Palau/Palau_MDG_2008.eng.pdf [5] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [6] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [7] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2015) [8] IMF, Palau: 2003 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report, IMF Country Report No. 04/85 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2004). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2004/cr0485.pdf [9] IMF, Palau: 2014 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report, IMF Country Report No. 14/110 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14110.pdf + 3 women elected in the Upper House in 2012. However, indicator covers seats won by women in the Lower House in a bicameral system. ^ Single year figure unstable due to small size of population.

131

8 Papua New Guinea Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

+ ^ 1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) 30.0 (1990e) * 30.2 (1996) ** 28.0 (2009e) * *Derived from survey & census data & ** 1996 DHS cited in [1] + ^ 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) 9.0 (1990e) * 9.1 (1996) ** 9.0 (2009e) * *Derived from survey & census data & ** 1996 DHS cited in [1] MDG 1 + ^ 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption 4.5 (1990e) * 4.5 (1996) ** 4.5 (2009e) * *Derived from survey & census data & ** 1996 DHS cited in [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 76.3 (2000) … SPC NMDI from Census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … … 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 27.2 (2010) SPC NMDI from HIES 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … …

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 53.1 (1990) * … 85.6 (2012) ** *SPC NMDI from census, **SPC from UNESCO database 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 58.1 (1990) * 56.8 (2000) * 56.9 (2009) ** *[2], **SPC NMDI from DOE MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 61.0 (1990e) … 63.0 (2009e) Derived from census^ data cited in [1]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 84.0 (1991) * 86.0 (2000) * 92.0 (2013) ** *Country data cited in [3], **SPC NMDI 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 65.0 (1990) * 70.0 (1998) * 71.0 (2013) ** *Country data cited in [3], **SPC NMDI MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education … 55.0 (1999) … Estimated data cited in [3] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 27.9 (1990) 32.1 (2000) … Country census data cited in [3] 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1990) * 1.8 (2000) * 2.7 (2014) ** *Country data cited in [3]

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 63.4 (1992-96) 73.7 (1997-01) 74.7 (2002-06) [5] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 47.3 (1992-96) 60.1 (1997-01) 56.7 (2002-06) [5] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 45.0 (1990e) * … 50.0 (2010) ** *Derived from NHIS data cited in [1], **NHIS cited in [6]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 739.0 (1990e) … 711.0 (2009e) Derived from 2006 DHS cited in [1] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 50.0 (1990e) * 51.8 (2006) ** 40.0 (2010) *** *Derived from 2006 DHS & **2006 DHS cited in [1], ***NHIS cited in [6] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) … … 32.4 (2006) [5] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 98.0 (1992-96) 88.0 (1997-01) 65.0 (2002-06) [5] 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … 77.5 (1996) * 62.0 (2010) ** *SPC NMDI from 1996 DHS, **NHIS cited in [6] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … 45.9 (1996) 29.8 (2006) SPC NMDI from 1996 & 2006 DHS

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.1 (1990) 0.4 (2000) 0.6 (2013) UNAIDS Gap Report cited in [3] 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 42.3 (2006) 2006 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [3] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 40.9 (2013) [6] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 69.1 (2013) [7] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) … … 8694.0 (2011) [8] 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) … … 4.1 (2011) [8] 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) … … 57.3 (2010) SPC NMDI from HIES 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) … … 37.3 (2008) SPC NMDI 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 694.0 (1990) 556.0 (2000) 437.0 (2013) [9] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 105.0 (1990) 62.0 (2000) 33.0 (2013) [9] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 309.0 (1990) 349.0 (2000) 347.0 (2013) [9] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 19.0 (1990) 56.0 (2000) 89.0 (2013) [9] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 60.0 (1994) 63.0 (2000) 68.0 (2012) [9]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 69.6 (1990) 66.5 (2000) 63.4 (2010) Country data cited in [3] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 2142.0 (1990) 2688.0 (2000) 3135.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.5 (1990) 0.5 (2000) 0.5 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.3 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 0.2 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 28.5 (1991) 52.0 (2000) 3.1 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2005) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 1.0 (1990) 1.4 (2000) 1.4 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 34.0 (1990) 35.0 (2000) 40.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 20.0 (1990) 19.0 (2000) 19.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 13.3 (1990) * 8.3 (2000) * 4.5 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [3], **[10] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … … … 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) 18.4 (1990) * 8.0 (2000) * 10.0 (2013) ** *Country adjusted data cited in [3], **[11] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 0.7 (1990) * 1.2 (2000) * 1.9 (2013) ** *ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 0.2 (2000) 41.0 (2013) SPC from HIES 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.8 (2000) * 6.5 (2013) ** *Telikom PNG & **ITU estimate cited in [3]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] PNG, Department of National Planning and Monitoring, Millennium Development Goals National Progress Summary Report for Papua New Guinea 2009. (PNG, 2009) [2] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [3] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [4] PNG - MOE Education Statistical Bulletins - 2009. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/images/EducationDigests/PNG/statistical-bulletin-2009.pdf [5] PNG NSO, Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey 2006 . Available from http://www.phtpacific.org/sites/default/files/surveys_dev_reports/90/files/PNG_DemographicHealthSurvey-2006_2009-07_GoPNG.pdf [6] PNG, 2011 Sector Performance Annual Review: Assessment of Sector Performance, 2006-2010 National Report. Available from http://www.adi.org.au/upload/2011_SectorPerformanceAnnualReview.pdf [7] PNG, Interim Global AIDS Response Progress & Universal Access Reports - Papua New Guinea. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knnowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/PNG_narrative_report_2014.pdf [8] WHO, World Malaria Report 2012 . Available from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2012/en/ [9] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [10] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2015) [11] IMF, Papua New Guinea: Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country Report No. 14/325 (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14325.pdf + 1996 HIES and 1996 & 2006 DHS. ^ 2000 census. # 2005 Micro Nutrients Survey.

132

9 Samoa Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 22.9 (2002) * 26.9 (2008) ** *SPC NMDI from 2002 HIES, **[1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 6.6 (2002) * 8.2 (2008) ** *SPC NMDI from 2002 HIES, **[1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … 5.2 (2002) * 9.3 (2008) ** *SPC NMDI from 2002 HIES, **[1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed 3.2 (1999) 2.9 (2002) 4.7 (2009) [2] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 50.6 (2001) 41.3 (2011) [3] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … 4.9 (2001) 11.3 (2011) SPC 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) 6.6 (1990) 1.9 (1999) … [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … 10.6 (2002) * 4.9 (2008) ** *[2], **[1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 93.0 (1991) * … 100.0 (2014) ** *MESC cited in [2], **SPC from MOE + 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … 85.3 (2001) * 87.0 (2013) ** *MESC cited in [2], **[4] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 96.0 (1991) * … 97.9 (2011) ** *[2], **[3]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 98.0 (1990) * 93.0 (2002) * 103.0 (2012) ** *[2], **SPC NMDI 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 106.0 (1990) * 104.0 (2002) * 113.0 (2012) ** *[2], **SPC NMDI MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 166.0 (1990) 143.0 (2002) 156.0 (2009) [2] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 31.0 (1990) * 36.7 (2001) ** 39.3 (2011) *** *[2], **Country census data cited in [2], ***[3] 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 4.0 (1990) * 6.1 (2002) * 4.1 (2014) ** *[2], **SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 22.8 (2001) 19.4 (2011) [3] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 19.5 (2001) 15.6 (2011) [3] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … 31.0 (2001) * 60.6 (2010) ** *[2],**WPRO technical units cited in [5]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 74.0 (1990-94) … 46.0 (2002-06) [2] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 76.0 (1991) * … 80.8 (2009) ** *[2], **[6] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 18.0 (1991) * … 28.7 (2009) ** *[2], **[6] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 26.0 (1992) * … 39.0 (2011) ** *[2], **[3] 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 92.7 (2009) [6] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 45.6 (2009) [6]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2013) [7] 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 14.7 (2009) [2] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 3.8 (2009) [6] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 100.0 (2013) [7] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 53.0 (1990) 34.0 (2000) 29.0 (2013) [8] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 4.8 (1990) 3.0 (2000) 3.2 (2013) [8] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 36.0 (1990) 23.0 (2000) 18.0 (2013) [8] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 75.0 (1990) 110.0 (2000) 66.0 (2013) [8] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 50.0 (1994) 92.0 (2000) 86.0 (2012) [8]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 45.9 (1990) 60.4 (2000) 60.4 (2010) Country data cited in [9] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 125.0 (1990) 139.0 (2000) 161.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [9] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.8 (1990) 0.8 (2000) 0.9 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [9] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.3 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 0.2 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [9] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 4.0 (1991) 0.7 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Country data cited in [9] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.9 (1990) 2.1 (2000) 2.3 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 89.0 (1990) 93.0 (2000) 99.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 93.0 (1990) 92.0 (2000) 92.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [9] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 28.9 (1990) * 11.7 (2000) * 17.8 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [9], **[11] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 98.8 (2000) 99.6 (2012) Country data cited in [9] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) 10.6 (1990) * 5.7 (1999) * 5.3 (2012) ** *Country adjusted data cited in [9] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … ^ 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 2.5 (1990) * 4.8 (2000) * 19.3 (2010) ** *Country data in [9] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 1.4 (2000) 91.4 (2010) *Country data^ & **2008 Pacific Economic Survey cited in [9] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.6 (2000) * 15.3 (2013) ** *Country data^ & **ITU estimate cited in [7]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Samoa Bureau of Statistics and UNDP Pacific Centre, Samoa A Report on the Estimation of Basic Needs Poverty Lines and the Incidence and Characteristics of Hardship & Poverty. (draft) [2] Samoa, National MDG Taskforce, Ministry of Finance, Millennium Development Goals: Second Progress Report 2010. Available from http://www.mof.gov.ws/Portals/195/Services/Aid%20Coordination/mdg_report.pdf [3] Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2011 - Analytical Report . Available from http://www.sbs.gov.ws/index.php?option=com_advlisting&view-download&field=275 [4] Samoa Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture, Educational Statistical Digest 2013 - Samoa . Available from http://www.mesc.gov.ws/pdf/2013%20Stats%20Digest%20Final.pdf [5] WHO, Western Pacific Country Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revision . Available from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_information_evidence/documents/CHIPS2011.pdf [6] Samoa, Ministry of Health, Bureau of Statistics and ICF Macro, Samoa Demographic and Health Survey 2009. Available from http://www.health.gov.ws/Portals/189/2009%20SDHS.pdf [7] Samoa, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2013, Samoa, Reporting Period: January-December 2013. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/WSM_narrative_report_2014.pdf [8] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [9] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [11] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2015) + Apparent Retention Rate ^ Samoa Communications Limited.

133

10 Solomon Islands Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … … 22.7 (2006) [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) ...... 7.5 (2006) [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … … 6.7 (2006) [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … … … 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 64.0 (1999) * 67.9 (2009) ** SPC NMDI from census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 34.8 (2009) SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 14.2 (2007) [2] 1.9 Food poverty (%) … … 10.6 (2006) [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 39.0 (1986) * 56.0 (1999) * 89.0 (2013) ** *NSO from census cited in [3], **SPC from MOE Education Digest 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 85.0 (1991) * … 82.9 (2010) ** *UNDP 2003 Human Development Report, **[4] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 62.0 (1991) * 84.5 (1999) ** 89.5 (2009) ** *NSO cited in [3], **SPC NMDI from census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 80.0 (1986) * 86.0 (1999) * 99.0 (2013) ** *NSO from census cited in [3], **http://www.mehrd.gov.sb/education-access-indicators/net-enrol-ratio#primary 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 57.0 (1986) * 70.0 (1999) 105.0 (2013) ** *NSO from census cited in [3], **http://www.mehrd.gov.sb/education-access-indicators/net-enrol-ratio#primary MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 30.0 (1995) 30.0 (2000) … USP data+ cited in [3] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) … 30.8 (1999) 33.2 (2009) Country census data cited in [5], **SPC NMDI 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 0.0 (1990) * 2.0 (2000) * 2.0 (2014) ** *Country data cited in [5], **SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 34.0 (1999) 28.0 (2009) [6] 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 28.0 (1999) 22.0 (2009) ** [6] MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) … … 80.6 (2007) [2]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 320.0 (1990) 210.0 (2000) 130.0 (2013) Modeled data cited in [5] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) … … 85.5 (2007) [2] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 6.8 (2001) * … 34.6 (2007) ** *MOH cited in [3], **[2] 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 95.0 (1993-98) * 82.0 (1998-03) * 62.0 (2007-09) ** *[2], **SPC from 2009 Census 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 79.8 (2007) [2] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 11.1 (2007) [2]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … 0.0 (2010) SPC NMDI 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 21.1 (2007) [2]^ MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 32.2 (2007) 2007 DHS (average of men & women) cited in [5] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 100.0 (2013) [7] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) … … 9380.0 (2011) [8] 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) … … 172.0 (2011) [8] 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) … … 69.4 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 Solomon Islands Malaria Indicator Survey 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) … … 27.9 (2011) SPC NMDI from 2011 Solomon Islands Malaria Indicator Survey 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 618.0 (1990) 362.0 (2000) 142.0 (2013) [9] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 87.0 (1990) 51.0 (2000) 14.0 (2013) [9] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 312.0 (1990) 185.0 (2000) 92.0 (2013) [9] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 39.0 (1990) 40.0 (2000) 70.0 (2013) [9] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 90.0 (1994) 81.0 (2000) 88.0 (2012) [9]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 83.0 (1990) 81.0 (2000) 79.1 (2010) Country data cited in [5] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 161.0 (1990) 165.0 (2000) 202.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.5 (1990) 0.4 (2000) 0.4 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.2 (1990) 0.2 (2000) 0.2 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [5] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 2.1 (1990) 0.8 (2000) 1.6 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.0 (1990) 0.5 (2000) 1.1 (2012) Estimated data cited in [5] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source … 80.0 (2000) * 81.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [5] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) … 25.0 (2000) * 29.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [5] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 22.0 (1990) * 15.7 (2000) * 30.0 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [5], **[10] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 74.4 (2000) 100.0 (2012) Country data cited in [5] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) 11.3 (1990) 2.8 (2000) 1.2 (2012) Country adjusted data cited in [5] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … # 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 1.5 (1990) * 1.9 (2000) * 1.4 (2013) ** *Country data & **TCSI cited in [5] # 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.3 (2000) * 57.6 (2013) ** *Country data & **TCSI cited in [5] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 0.5 (2000) 8.0 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [5]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] David Abbott, Solomon Islands: Analysis of the 2005/06 HIES. (Suva, Fiji: Solomon Islands NSO & UNDP Pacific Centre, 2008). Available from http://www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/files/solomon%20report%20final%20LOW.pdf [2] Solomon Islands NSO, SPC and Macro International Inc., Solomon Islands 2006-07 Demographic and Health Survey . Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/country/sb/stats/Censuses%20and%20Surveys/DHS.htm [3] SPC, Pacific Islands Regional Millennium Development Goals Report 2004. Available from http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/undp/mdgr/regional/asia-pacific/mdg-pacific-04e.pdf [4] Solomon Islands, Ministry of Education, Solomon Islands Government - Performance Assessment Framework 2008-2010. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/images/EducationDigests/SOLOMON%20ISLANDS/Final%20PAF%20Report% 202008-2010.pdf [5] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [6] Solomon Islands, 2009 Population and Housing Census. Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/solomons/index.php/sinso-documents?view=download&fileId=59 [7] Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2014. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knnowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/SLB_narrative_report_2014.pdf [8] WHO, World Malaria Report 2012 . Available from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2012/en/ [9] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [10] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2015) + “In-country”, for USP centres and satellite training. ^ Average of men and women. # Solomon Telekom Company Limited.

134

11 Tonga Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 16.2 (2001) 22.5 (2009) NSO from 2009 HIES cited in [1] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 7.7 (2001) 7.7 (2004) NSO from 2009 HIES cited in [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … 9.4 (2001) 10.0 (2009) NSO from 2009 HIES cited in [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed … 6.0 (2004) 5.2 (2008) NSO & SPC cited in [1] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … … 36.7 (2011) [2] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … 57.0 (1996) * 55.3 (2011) ** *Census data cited in [3], **SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) 1.6 (1986) * 2.0 (1999) * 1.8 (2012) ** *NSO from 2009 HIES cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2012 DHS 1.9 Food poverty (%) … 1.7 (2001) 2.0 (2009) NSO from 2009 HIES cited in [1]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 91.6 (1990) * 89.4 (2000) * 98.7 (2011) ** *MEWAC cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education … 84.0 (1996) 90.0 (2007) MEWAC cited in [1] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 98.8 (1990) 99.3 (1996) 99.4 (2011) *MEWAC cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education … 87.0 (1997) * 90.0 (2011) ** *MEWAC cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from NSO 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 97.0 (1995) * 99.0 (2000) * 99.0 (2011) ** *MEWAC cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from NSO MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 67.0 (1995) 69.0 (2000) 99.0 (2005) MEWAC cited in [1] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 33.7 (1986) 35.7 (1996) 47.9 (2011) Census data cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census data 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 3.0 (1990) 5.7 (2000) 3.6 (2014) ** *Parliament Office cited in [1], **SPC NMDI

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births)^ … 15.0 (1998-02) 23.0 (2008-12) 2012 DHS 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births)^ … 12.0 (1998-02) 17.0 (2008-12) 2012 DHS MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 94.0 (1994) * 97.0 (2001) * 99.4 (2009) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC from Tonga health statistics

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 204.7 (1995) * 81.4 (2000) * 37.1 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **[4] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 96.0 (1999) * 95.0 (2001) * 97.9 (2012) ** *MOH cited in [1], **2012 DHS MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 33.0 (1990) * 30.7 (2000) * 34.1 (2012) ** *MOH, Reproductive Health Unit cited in [1], **2012 DHS 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 23.0 (1995) * 25.0 (2000) * 27.0 (2012) ** *MOH, Reproductive Health Unit cited in [1], **2012 DHS 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 99.0 (2012) 2012 DHS 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 25.2 (2012) 2012 DHS

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … … 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 21.1 (2008) Youth SGS Survey & MOH cited in [1] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 19.5 (2012) 2012 DHS cited in [5] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school … … … 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) n/a n/a … 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 59.0 (1990) 39.0 (2000) 22.0 (2013) [6] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 6.2 (1990) 3.3 (2000) 2.4 (2013) [6] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 38.0 (1990) 28.0 (2000) 13.0 (2013) [6] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 64.0 (1990) 88.0 (2000) 72.0 (2013) [6] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 89.0 (1994) 93.0 (2000) 100.0 (2012) [6]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 12.5 (1990) 12.5 (2000) 12.5 (2010) Country data cited in [3] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 77.0 (1990) 121.0 (2000) 158.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.8 (1990) 1.2 (2000) 1.5 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.3 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 0.4 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.4 (1991) 0.5 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) 2.2 (1995) 2.2 (2000) 2.2 (2005) MECC cited in [1] 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.1 (1990) 9.4 (2000) 9.5 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 99.0 (1990) 99.0 (2000) 99.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 95.0 (1990) 94.0 (2000) 91.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 25.5 (1990) * 12.1 (2000) * 16.8 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [3], **[7] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 29.8 (2000) 60.2 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) 9.0 (1995) 14.3 (2005) MOFNP cited in [1] 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) 3.5 (1990) * 8.3 (2001) 8.6 (2013) ** *Country adjusted data cited in [3], **[8] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … 95.0 (2002) … MOH cited in [1] ~ 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 4.6 (1990) * 9.9 (2000) * 29.4 (2013) ** *Country data & ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 0.2 (2000) 54.6 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 2.4 (2000) 35.0 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [3]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Tonga, Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2nd National Millennium Development Goals Report Tonga: Status and Progress between 1990-2010. Available from http://www.undp.org.fj/pdf/Tonga_MDG.pdf [2] Tonga, Census Report - Tonga 2011 (2011 Key Indicators). Available from http://www.spc.int/prism/tonga/index.php/population-censuses/population-census-2011 [3] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [4] Tonga, Ministry of Health, Report of the Minister for Health for the year 2010. Available from http://www.health.gov.to/sites/default/files/AR%202010%20Final%20Print.docx [5] Tonga, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2014. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knnowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/TON_narrative_report_2014.pdf [6] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [7] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2014) [8] IMF, "Tonga: 2014 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 14/240 . (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14240.pdf ^ Single year figure unstable due to small size of population. # Under-reporting an issue. ~ *Tonga Telecommunications Commission, **Tonga Communications Corporation Limited.

135

12 Tuvalu Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) 23.2 (1994) * 21.2 (2004-05) ** 26.3 (2010) ** *HIES cited in [1], **[2] 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) 7.6 (1994) 5.6 (2004) 6.2 (2010) HIES cited in [1] MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption 7.0 (1994) 10.2 (2004) 8.1 (2010) HIES cited in [1] 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed 2.7 (1998) 1.0 (2001) -0.2 (2007) Census & HIES cited in [1] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) 26.8 (1991) * 32.4 (2002) * 35.9 (2012) ** *Census cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census cited in [3] 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … … 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers 8.4 (1991) * 3.6 (2002) * 8.0 (2012) ** *Census data cited in [1], **SPC 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … … 1.9 (2007) [3] 1.9 Food poverty (%) 6.0 (1994) * 4.9 (2004-05) ** 3.4 (2010) ** *HIES cited in [1], **[2]

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 99.5 (1991) * 96.9 (2002) ** 89.0 (2014) ** *1991 census & 2007 DHS cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 81.3 (1991) 86.5 (2002) 91.2 (2007) 1991 census & 2007 DHS cited in [1] MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 98.7 (1991) … 98.6 (2007) 1991 census & 2007 DHS cited in [1]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education 105.0 (1991) * 103.0 (2002) ** 100.0 (2011) *** *Census & **DOE cited in [1], ***SPC NMDI from DOE 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education 105.0 (1991) * 128.0 (2002) ** 152.0 (2011) *** *Census & **DOE cited in [1], ***SPC from DOE MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 42.0 (1991) * 127.0 (2002) ** 172.0 (2009) ** *Census & **DOE cited in [1] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) 36.4 (1991) * 36.0 (2002) * 43.5 (2012) ** *Census & **DHS cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 6.0 (1990) * 0.0 (2002) * 6.7 (2014) ** *Parliament records cited in [1], **Country data cited in [4]

^ + + + 4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) 68.7 (1991) * 34.6 (2000) * 10.3 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOH ^ + + + 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 57.3 (1992) * 34.6 (2000) * 10.3 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOH MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 94.0 (1995) * 81.0 (2000) * 84.8 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOH

^ + + + 5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) 413.2 (1990) * 432.9 (2000) * 0.0 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOH 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 95.0 (1990) * 100.0 (2002) * 97.9 (2007) ** *MOH cited in [5], **[3] MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 39.0 (1990) * 32.0 (2002) * 22.0 (2010) ** *MOH cited in [5], **SPC NMDI from MOH 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) 38.6 (1991) * 41.3 (2000) * 28.0 (2012) ** *[1], **2012 Census 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 97.0 (2007) [3] 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … … 24.2 (2007) [3]

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … … 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … 44.1 (2007) [3] MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 50.1 (2007) [3] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 100.0 (2009) MOH cited in [1] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) n/a n/a n/a 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) n/a n/a n/a 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 911.0 (1990) 623.0 (2000) 327.0 (2013) [6] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 108.0 (1990) 76.0 (2000) 29.0 (2013) [6] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 536.0 (1990) 357.0 (2000) 228.0 (2013) [6] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 48.0 (1990) 48.0 (2000) 80.0 (2013) [6] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 100.0 (1994) 86.0 (2000) 70.0 (2012) [6]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 33.3 (1990) 33.3 (2000) 33.3 (2010) Estimated data cited in [4] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) … … … MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) … … … 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) … … … 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2012) Country data cited in [4] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.1 (1990) 0.3 (2000) 0.3 (2012) Estimated data cited in [4] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 90.0 (1990) * 94.0 (2000) * 98.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [4] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 73.0 (1990) * 78.0 (2000) * 83.0 (2012) ** Estimated data cited in [4] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … …

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … 6.9 (2001-08) Aid Unit, Department of Planning & Budget cited in [1] MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 5.1 (1990) * 4.0 (2000) * 42.6 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [4], **[7] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 96.7 (2000) 100.0 (2012) Country data cited in [4] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … … 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … … 11.6 (2013) [8] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 1.3 (1990) * 7.0 (2000) * 14.7 (2013) ** *Country data^ & **ITU estimate cited in [4] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 0.0 (2000) 34.4 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [4] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) 5.2 (2000) 37.0 (2013) ITU estimate cited in [4]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Tuvalu, Department of Planning and Budget, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Tuvalu Millennium Development Goals Progress Report 2010/2011. Available from http://www.undp.org.fj/pdf/MDG%20Report/MDG(tuvalu)%20web.pdf [2] UNDP, Preliminary Analysis of Hardship and Poverty from HIES 2010. (draft) [3] Tuvalu Central Statistics Division, SPC and Macro International Inc., Tuvalu Demographic and Health Survey 2007 . Available from http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/TUV_2007_DHS_report.pdf [4] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [5] Tuvalu, Millennium Development Goals Report 2006. Available from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Tuvalu/Tuvalu%20MDG%202006.pdf [6] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [7] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 7 May 2015) [8] IMF, "Tuvalu: 2014 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 14/253 . (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2014). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14253.pdf + Single year figure unstable due to small size of population. ^ Tuvalu Telecommunications Corporation.

136

13 Vanuatu Baseline Mid-point Latest Source

1.1 Basic needs poverty (%) … 13.0 (2006) 12.7 (2010) UNDP from 2010 HIES 1.2 Poverty gap ratio (%) … 5.6 (2006) * 2.9 (2010) ** *NSO from 2006 HIES cited in [1], **UNDP from 2010 HIES MDG 1 1.3 Poorest quintile in national consumption … 7.4 (2006) * 8.3 (2010) ** *NSO from 2006 HIES cited in [1], **UNDP from 2010 HIES 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed 0.8 (1995-99) -0.7 (2000-04) 2.7 (2005-08) NSO cited in [1] 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (%) … 76.8 (1999) * 66.0 (2009) ** *NSO derived from 1999 Census cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from census 1.6 Employed living below $1 (PPP) per day … … 4.0 (2006) NSO cited in [1] 1.7 Own-account and unpaid family workers … … 25.7 (2009) SPC NMDI from census 1.8 Underweight children under age 5 (%) … 15.9 (2007) * 10.7 (2013) ** *[2], **SPC 1.9 Food poverty (%) … 7.4 (2006) 3.2 (2010) UNDP from 2010 HIES

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 88.0 (1989) * 75.0 (1999) * 86.3 (2013) ** *NSO from census data cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE 2.2 Reaches last grade in primary education 90.2 (1991) * 36.2 (2000) ** 70.8 (2013) *** *SPC NMDI from NSO, **NSO from MOE cited in [1], ***SPC NMDI from MOE MDG 2 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (%) 32.0 (1990) 86.0 (1999) 92.0 (2009) NSO from MOE cited in [1]

3.1a Gender parity index in primary education … 93.0 (2000) * 97.0 (2011) ** *MOE cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE 3.1b Gender parity index in secondary education … 95.0 (2000) * 110.0 (2011) ** *MOE cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from MOE MDG 3 3.1c Gender parity index in tertiary education 40.0 (1995) 60.0 (2003) 85.0 (2008) USP data cited in [1] 3.2 Women in the non-agricultural sector (%) … 37.5 (2004) * 41.3 (2009) ** *Country administrative data cited in [3], **SPC NMDI from census 3.3 Seats held by women in parliament (%) 4.3 (1990) * 0.0 (2000) 0.0 (2014) *Country data cited in [3]

4.1 Under 5 mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 34.0 (1998-02) 31.0 (2008-12) 2013 DHS 4.2 Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) … 20.0 (1998-02) 28.0 (2008-12) 2013 DHS MDG 4 4.3 Measles immunisation of 1 year old (%) 66.0 (1990) 75.0 (2001) 80.0 (2009) WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Forms cited in [1]

5.1 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) … 96.0 (1998) 86.0 (2007) MOH cited in [1] 5.2 Skilled birth attendance (%) 79.0 (1990-95) * 88.0 (1999) * 89.4 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [1], **2013 DHS MDG 5 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 15.0 (1991) * 28.0 (1999) * 49.0 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [1], **2013 DHS 5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 females) … 92.0 (1999) * 81.0 (2013) ** *NSO cited in [1], **2013 DHS 5.5 Antenatal care coverage, ≥ 1 visit (%) … … 75.6 (2013) 2013 DHS 5.6 Unmet need for family planning (%) … 24.0 (1996) * 24.4 (2013) ** *MOH from National Family Planning Study cited in [1], **2013 DHS

6.1 HIV prevalence of 15-24 years old (%) … … … 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) … … … MDG 6 6.3 15-24 years old awareness of HIV/AIDS … … 24.0 (2013) [5] 6.4 Orphans to non-orphans attending school n/a n/a n/a 6.5 Access to antiretroviral drugs (%) … … 100.0 (2013) [5] 6.6a Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000) 19800.0 (1990) * 3300.0 (2000) * 1338.0 (2013) ** *MOH from Malaria Information System cited in [1], **[6] 6.6b Malaria death rate (per 100,000) 22.0 (1990) * 1.6 (2000) * 0.0 (2013) ** *MOH from Malaria Information System cited in [1], **[6] 6.7 Under 5 sleeping under bed-nets (%) … 13.0 (2002) * 51.0 (2013) ** *MOH cited in [1], **SPC NMDI from 2013 DHS 6.8 Under 5 treated with anti-malarial drugs (%) … … 5.1 (2013) SPC NMDI from 2013 DHS 6.9a TB prevalence rates (per 100,000) 151.0 (1990) 168.0 (2000) 84.0 (2013) [7] 6.9b TB death rates (per 100,000) 7.0 (1990) 17.0 (2000) 6.3 (2013) [7] 6.9c TB incidence rates (per 100,000) 127.0 (1990) 110.0 (2000) 62.0 (2013) [7] 6.10a TB detection rate under DOTS (%) 75.0 (1990) 75.0 (2000) 78.0 (2013) [7] 6.10b TB cure rate under DOTS (%) 100.0 (1994) 88.0 (2000) 91.0 (2012) [7]

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 36.1 (1990) 36.1 (2000) 36.1 (2010) Country data cited in [3] 7.2a CO2 emissions, total ('000 metric tons) 70.0 (1990) 81.0 (2000) 117.0 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] MDG 7 7.2b CO2 emissions, per capita (metric tons) 0.5 (1990) 0.4 (2000) 0.5 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.2c CO2 emissions, per $1 GDP (PPP) (kg) 0.1 (1990) 0.1 (2000) 0.1 (2010) Global monitoring data cited in [3] 7.3 Use of ODS (ODP metric tons) 0.0 (1991) 0.0 (2000) 0.1 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 7.4 Fish stocks within safe biological limits (%) … … … 7.5 Total water resources used (%) … … … 7.6 Protected terrestrial and marine areas (%) 0.4 (1990) 0.5 (2000) 0.5 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.7 Species threatened with extinction (%) … … … 7.8 Using an improved drinking water source 62.0 (1990) 76.0 (2000) 91.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.9 Using an improved sanitation facility (%) 35.0 (1992) 42.0 (2000) 58.0 (2012) Estimated data cited in [3] 7.10 Urban population living in slums (%) … … 30.0 (2006) NSO from 2006 HIES cited in [1]

8.1 OECD net ODA (% GNI) n/a n/a n/a 8.2 ODA to basic social services (%) … … … MDG 8 8.3 ODA that is untied (%) … … … 8.4 ODA to landlocked developing countries n/a n/a n/a 8.5 Net ODA (% of GNI) 30.5 (1990) * 17.1 (2000) * 11.4 (2013) ** *Disbursement basis, OECD DAC country data cited in [3], **[8] 8.6 Duty free exports to developed countries … 59.4 (2000) 99.9 (2012) Country data cited in [3] 8.7 Average tariffs by developed countries n/a n/a n/a 8.8 OECD agricultural support (% of GDP) n/a n/a n/a 8.9 ODA to build trade capacity (%) … … 1.0 (2010) Parliamentary Appropriations cited in [1] 8.10 Countries reached HIPC points (no.) n/a n/a n/a 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and n/a n/a n/a 8.12 Debt service (% of exports) … 7.3 (2000) * 3.6 (2012) ** *Reserve Bank of Vanuatu cited in [1], **[9] 8.13 Population with access to essential drugs … … … 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 1.8 (1990) * 3.6 (2000) * 2.0 (2013) ** *Telecom Vanuatu Limited & **ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 0.2 (2000) * 59.3 (2013) ** *Telecom Vanuatu Limited & **ITU estimate cited in [3] 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 0.0 (1990) * 2.1 (2000) * 11.3 (2013) ** *ITU estimate cited in [3]

Achieved Not Achieved Mixed … Data not available n/a Indicator not applicable to country context [1] Vanuatu, Prime Minister’s Office, Millennium Development Goals 2010 Report for Vanuatu. Available from http://www.undp.org.fj. [2] Vanuatu, Ministry of Health, Vanuatu Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2007. Available from http://www.childinfo.org/files/MICS3_Vanuatu_FinalReport_2007_Eng.pdf [3] UNSD, Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Available from http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg (accessed 4 May 2015) [4] UNICEF, Children in Vanuatu: 2011 "An Atlas of Social Indicators". Available from http://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/Vanuatu_Equity_Atlas.pdf [5] Vanuatu, Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2013, Vanuatu Reporting Period: January-December 2013. Available from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/VUT_narrative_report_2014.pdf [6] WHO, World Malaria Report 2012 . Available from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2012/en/ [7] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control 2014 . Available from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ [8] OECD, Aid Statistics, Recipient Aid at a Glance. Available from https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 (accessed 8 May 2015) [9] IMF, "Vanuatu: 2013 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report", IMF Country Report No. 13/169 . (Washington D.C.: IMF, 2013). Available from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13169.pdf

137

14 Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Preamble They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and This Agenda is a plan of action for the empowerment of all women and people, planet and prosperity. It also girls. They are integrated and indivisible seeks to strengthen universal peace and balance the three dimensions in larger freedom. We recognise that of sustainable development: the eradicating poverty in all its forms economic, social and environmental. and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge The Goals and targets will stimulate and an indispensable requirement for action over the next fifteen years in sustainable development. areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet: All countries and all stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, will People implement this plan. We are resolved to We are determined to end poverty free the human race from the tyranny and hunger, in all their forms and of poverty and want and to heal and dimensions, and to ensure that all secure our planet. We are determined human beings can fulfil their potential to take the bold and transformative in dignity and equality and in a healthy steps which are urgently needed to environment. shift the world onto a sustainable and Planet resilient path. As we embark on this collective journey, we pledge that no We are determined to protect the one will be left behind. planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and The 17 Sustainable Development production, sustainably managing its Goals and 169 targets which we are natural resources and taking urgent announcing today demonstrate the action on climate change, so that it can scale and ambition of this new universal support the needs of the present and Agenda. They seek to build on the future generations. Millennium Development Goals and

ANNEX 5 complete what these did not achieve.

138 Prosperity and dimensions, including extreme attention to the voices of the poorest poverty, is the greatest global challenge and most vulnerable. This consultation We are determined to ensure that all and an indispensable requirement included valuable work done by the human beings can enjoy prosperous for sustainable development. We are General Assembly Open Working and fulfilling lives and that economic, committed to achieving sustainable Group on Sustainable Development social and technological progress occurs development in its three dimensions Goals and by the United Nations, in harmony with nature. – economic, social and environmental whose Secretary-General provided a Peace – in a balanced and integrated synthesis report in December 2014. manner. We will also build upon We are determined to foster peaceful, Our vision just and inclusive societies which are the achievements of the Millennium free from fear and violence. There can Development Goals and seek to 7. In these Goals and targets, we are be no sustainable development without address their unfinished business. setting out a supremely ambitious and transformational vision. We envisage a peace and no peace without sustainable 3. We resolve, between now and world free of poverty, hunger, disease development. 2030, to end poverty and hunger and want, where all life can thrive. everywhere; to combat inequalities Partnership We envisage a world free of fear and within and among countries; to build We are determined to mobilize violence. A world with universal literacy. peaceful, just and inclusive societies; the means required to implement A world with equitable and universal to protect human rights and promote this Agenda through a revitalised access to quality education at all levels, gender equality and the empowerment Global Partnership for Sustainable to health care and social protection, of women and girls; and to ensure the Development, based on a spirit of where physical, mental and social well- lasting protection of the planet and strengthened global solidarity, focussed being are assured. A world where we its natural resources. We resolve also in particular on the needs of the reaffirm our commitments regarding the to create conditions for sustainable, poorest and most vulnerable and with human right to safe drinking water and inclusive and sustained economic the participation of all countries, all sanitation and where there is improved growth, shared prosperity and decent stakeholders and all people. hygiene; and where food is sufficient, work for all, taking into account different safe, affordable and nutritious. A world The interlinkages and integrated nature levels of national development and where human habitats are safe, resilient of the Sustainable Development Goals capacities. and sustainable and where there is are of crucial importance in ensuring 4. As we embark on this great collective universal access to affordable, reliable that the purpose of the new Agenda journey, we pledge that no one will be and sustainable energy. is realised. If we realize our ambitions left behind. Recognizing that the dignity across the full extent of the Agenda, the 8. We envisage a world of universal of the human person is fundamental, lives of all will be profoundly improved respect for human rights and human we wish to see the Goals and targets and our world will be transformed for dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality met for all nations and peoples and for the better. and non-discrimination; of respect for all segments of society. And we will race, ethnicity and cultural diversity; endeavour to reach the furthest behind and of equal opportunity permitti ng first. DECLARATION the full realization of human potential Introduction 5. This is an Agenda of unprecedented and contributing to shared prosperity. scope and significance. It is accepted A world which invests in its children 1. We, the Heads of State and by all countries and is applicable and in which every child grows up Government and High Representatives, to all, taking into account different free from violence and exploitation. A meeting at the United Nations national realities, capacities and levels world in which every woman and girl Headquarters in New York from 25-27 of development and respecting enjoys full gender equality and all legal, September 2015 as the Organization national policies and priorities. These social and economic barriers to their celebrates its seventieth anniversary, are universal goals and targets which empowerment have been removed. have decided today on new global involve the entire world, developed and A just, equitable, tolerant, open and Sustainable Development Goals. developing countries alike. They are socially inclusive world in which the 2. On behalf of the peoples we serve, integrated and indivisible and balance needs of the most vulnerable are we have adopted a historic decision the three dimensions of sustainable met. on a comprehensive, far -reaching development. 9. We envisage a world in which every and people-centred set of universal 6. The Goals and targets are the result country enjoys sustained, inclusive and transformative Goals and targets. of over two years of intensive public and sustainable economic growth We commit ourselves to working consultation and engagement with and decent work for all. A world in tirelessly for the full implementation of civil society and other stakeholders which consumption and production this Agenda by 2030. We recognize around the world, which paid particular patterns and use of all natural resources that eradicating poverty in all its forms

139 – from air to land, from rivers, lakes the Third UN World Conference on acidification and other climate change and aquifers to oceans and seas - are Disaster Risk Reduction. impacts are seriously affecting coastal sustainable. One in which democracy, areas and low-lying coastal countries, 12. We reaffirm all the principles of the good governance and the rule of law including many least developed Rio Declaration on Environment and as well as an enabling environment at countries and small island developing Development, including, inter alia, the national and international levels, are States. The survival of many societies, principle of common but differentiated essential for sustainable development, and of the biological support systems of responsibilities, as set out in principle 7 including sustained and inclusive the planet, is at risk. thereof. economic growth, social development, 15. It is also, however, a time of environmental protection and the 13. The challenges and commitments immense opportunity. Significant eradication of poverty and hunger. contained in these major conferences progress has been made in meeting One in which development and the and summits are interrelated and call many development challenges. Within application of technology are climate- for integrated solutions. To address the past generation, hundreds of sensitive, respect biodiversity and are them effectively, a new approach millions of people have emerged from resilient. One in which humanity lives is needed. Sustainable development extreme poverty. Access to education in harmony with nature and in which recognizes that eradicating poverty in has greatly increased for both boys wildlife and other living species are all its forms and dimensions, combatting and girls. The spread of information protected. inequality within and among countries, and communications technology and preserving the planet, creating Our shared principles and global interconnectedness has great sustained, inclusive and sustainable commitments potential to accelerate human progress, economic growth and fostering social to bridge the digital divide and to 10. The new Agenda is guided by the inclusion are linked to each other and develop knowledge societies, as does purposes and principles of the Charter are interdependent. of the United Nations, including full scientific and technological innovation Our world today respect for international law. It is across areas as diverse as medicine and grounded in the Universal Declaration 14. We are meeting at a time of energy. of Human Rights, international immense challenges to sustainable 16. Almost fifteen years ago, the human rights treaties, the Millennium development. Billions of our citizens Millennium Development Goals were Declaration and the 2005 World continue to live in poverty and are agreed. These provided an important Summit Outcome Document. It is denied a life of dignity. There are rising framework for development and informed by other instruments such inequalities within and among countries. significant progress has been made in as the Declaration on the Right to There a number of areas. But the progress Development. are enormous disparities of has been uneven, particularly in Africa, 11. We reaffirm the outcomes of all opportunity, wealth and power. least developed countries, landlocked major UN conferences and summits Gender inequality remains a key developing countries, and small island which have laid a solid foundation for challenge. Unemployment, particularly developing States, and some of the sustainable development and have youth unemployment, is a major MDGs remain off-track, in particular helped to shape the new Agenda. concern. Global health threats, more those related to maternal, newborn These include the Rio Declaration frequent and intense natural disasters, and child health and to reproductive on Environment and Development; spiralling conflict, violent extremism, health. We recommit ourselves to the World Summit on Sustainable terrorism and related humanitarian the full realization of all the MDGs, Development; the World Summit for crises and forced displacement of including the off-track MDGs, in Social Development; the Programme of people threaten to reverse much of particular by providing focussed and Action of the International Conference the development progress made in scaled-up assistance to least developed on Population and Development, recent decades. Natural resource countries and other countries in special the Beijing Platform for Action; and depletion and adverse impacts situations, in line with relevant support the United Nations Conference on of environmental degradation, programmes. The new Agenda builds Sustainable Development (“Rio+ including desertification, drought, land on the Millennium Development Goals 20”). We also reaffirm the follow- degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss and seeks to complete what these did up to these conferences, including of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate not achieve, particularly in reaching the the outcomes of the Fourth United the list of challenges which humanity most vulnerable. Nations Conference on the Least faces. Climate change is one of the 17. In its scope, however, the Developed Countries, the Third greatest challenges of our time and its framework we are announcing International Conference on Small adverse impacts undermine the ability today goes far beyond the MDGs. Island Developing States; the Second of all countries to achieve sustainable Alongside continuing development United Nations Conference on development. Increases in global priorities such as poverty eradication, Landlocked Developing Countries; and temperature, sea level rise, ocean health, education and food security

140 and nutrition, it sets out a wide across all the Goals and targets. The small island developing states deserve range of economic, social and achievement of full human potential special attention, as do countries in environmental objectives. It also and of sustainable development is situations of conflict and post-conflict promises more peaceful and inclusive not possible if one half of humanity countries. There are also serious societies. It also, crucially, defines continues to be denied its full challenges within many middle-income means of implementation. Reflecting human rights and opportunities. countries. the integrated approach that we Women and girls must enjoy equal 23. People who are vulnerable must have decided on, there are deep access to quality education, economic be empowered. Those whose needs interconnections and many cross- resources and political participation as are reflected in the Agenda include cutting elements across the new Goals well as equal opportunities with men all children, youth, persons with and targets. and boys for employment, leadership disabilities (of whom more than 80% and decision-making at all levels. We The new Agenda live in poverty), people living with will work for a significant increase in HIV/AIDS, older persons, indigenous 18. We are announcing today 17 investments to close the gender gap peoples, refugees and internally Sustainable Development Goals with and strengthen support for institutions displaced persons and migrants. 169 associated targets which are in relation to gender equality and the We resolve to take further effective integrated and indivisible. Never before empowerment of women at the global, measures and actions, in conformity have world leaders pledged common regional and national levels. All forms with international law, to remove action and endeavour across such a of discrimination and violence against obstacles and constraints, strengthen broad and universal policy agenda. We women and girls will be eliminated, support and meet the special needs are setting out together on the path including through the engagement of people living in areas affected by towards sustainable development, of men and boys. The systematic complex humanitarian emergencies and devoting ourselves collectively to the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in areas affected by terrorism. pursuit of global development and in the implementation of the Agenda is of “win-win” cooperation which can crucial. 24. We are committed to ending bring huge gains to all countries and poverty in all its forms and dimensions, 21. The new Goals and targets will all parts of the world. We reaffirm including by eradicating extreme come into effect on 1 January 2016 that every State has, and shall freely poverty by 2030. All people must enjoy and will guide the decisions we take exercise, full permanent sovereignty a basic standard of living, including over the next fifteen years. All of us over all its wealth, natural resources and through social protection systems. will work to implement the Agenda economic activity. We will implement We are also determined to end within our own countries and at the the Agenda for the full benefit of all, hunger and to achieve food security regional and global levels, taking into for today’s generation and for future as a matter of priority and to end all account different national realities, generations. In doing so, we reaffirm forms of malnutrition. In this regard, capacities and levels of development o ur commitment to international law we reaffirm the important role and and respecting national policies and and emphasize that the Agenda is to inclusive nature of the Committee on priorities We will respect national be implemented in a manner that is World Food Security and welcome the policy space for sustained, inclusive consistent with the rights and obligations Rome Declaration on Nutrition and and sustainable economic growth, in of states under international law. Framework for Action. We will devote particular for developing states, while resources to developing rural areas and 19. We reaffirm the importance of remaining consistent with relevant sustainable agriculture and fisheries, the Universal Declaration of Human international rules and commitments. supporting smallholder farmers, Rights, as well as other international We acknowledge also the importance especially women farmers, herders instruments relating to human rights of the regional and sub -regional and fishers in developing countries, and international law. We emphasize dimensions, regional economic particularly least developed countries. the responsibilities of all States, in integration and interconnectivity in conformity with the Charter of the sustainable development. Regional and 25. We commit to providing inclusive United Nations, to respect, protect sub- regional frameworks can facilitate and equitable quality education at and promote human rights and the effective translation of sustainable all levels – early childhood, primary, fundamental freedoms for all, without development policies into concrete secondary, tertiary, technical and distinction of any kind as to race, colour, action at national level. vocational training. All people, sex, language, religion, political or irrespective of sex, age, race, ethnicity, 22. Each country faces specific other opinion, national or social origin, and persons with disabilities, migrants, challenges in its pursuit of sustainable property, birth, disability or other status. indigenous peoples, children and youth, development. The most vulnerable especially those in vulnerable situations, 20. Realizing gender equality and the countries and, in particular, African should have access to life-long learning empowerment of women and girls will countries, least developed countries, opportunities that help them acquire make a crucial contribution to progress landlocked developing countries and the knowledge and skills needed to

141 exploit opportunities and to participate strengthen the productive capacities countries. We underline the right of fully in society. We will strive to provide of least -developed countries in all migrants to return to their country of children and youth with a nurturing sectors, including through structural citizenship, and recall that States must environment for the full realization of transformation. We will adopt ensure that their returning nationals are their rights and capabilities, helping our policies which increase productive duly received. countries to reap the demographic capacities, productivity and productive 30. States are strongly urged to refrain dividend including through safe schools employment; financial inclusion; from promulgating and applying any and cohesive communities and families. sustainable agriculture, pastoralist and unilateral economic, financial or trade fisheries development; sustainable 26. To promote physical and mental measures not in accordance with industrial development; universal access health and well-being, and to extend international law and the Charter of to affordable, reliable, sustainable and life expectancy for all, we must achieve the United Nations that impede the full modern energy services; sustainable universal health coverage and access achievement of economic and social transport systems; and quality and to quality health care. No one must be development, particularly in developing resilient infrastructure. left behind. We commit to accelerating countries. the progress made to date in reducing 28. We commit to making fundamental 31. We acknowledge that the newborn, child and maternal mortality changes in the way that our societies UNFCCC is the primary international, by ending all such preventable deaths produce and consume goods and intergovernmental forum for negotiating before 2030. We are committed services. Governments, international the global response to climate change. to ensuring universal access to organizations, the business sector We are determined to address sexual and reproductive health-care and other non-state actors and decisively the threat posed by climate services, including for family planning, individuals must contribute to change and environmental degradation. information and education. We will changing unsustainable consumption The global nature of climate change equally accelerate the pace of progress and production patterns, including calls for the widest possible international made in fighting malaria, HIV/AIDS, through the mobilization, from all cooperation aimed at accelerating the tuberculosis, hepatitis, Ebola and other sources, of financial and technical reduction of global greenhouse gas communicable diseases and epidemics, assistance to strengthen developing emissions and addressing adaptation including by addressing growing anti- countries’ scientific, technological to the adverse impacts of climate microbial resistance and the problem of and innovative capacities to move change. We note with grave concern unattended diseases affecting developing towards more sustainable patterns the significant gap between the countries. We are committed to the of consumption and production. We aggregate effect of Parties’ mitigation prevention and treatment of non- encourage the implementation of the pledges in terms of global annual communicable diseases, including 10-Year Framework of Programmes emissions of greenhouse gases by behavioural, developmental and on Sustainable Consumption and 2020 and aggregate emission pathways neurological disorders, which constitute Production. All countries take action, consistent with having a likely chance of a major challenge for sustainable with developed countries taking holding the increase in global average development. the lead, taking into account the temperature below 2 °C or 1.5 °C development and capabilities of 27. We will seek to build strong above pre-industrial levels. developing countries. economic foundations for all our 32. Looking ahead to the COP21 countries. Sustained, inclusive and 29. We recognize the positive conference in Paris in December, sustainable economic growth is contribution of migrants for inclusive we underscore the commitment of essential for prosperity. This will only be growth and sustainable development. all States to work for an ambitious possible if wealth is shared and income We also recognize that international and universal climate agreement. We inequality is addressed. We will work to migration is a multi-dimensional reality reaffirm that the protocol, another build dynamic, sustainable, innovative of major relevance for the development legal instrument or agreed outcome and people-centred economies, of countries of origin, transit and with legal force under the Convention promoting youth employment and destination, which requires coherent applicable to all Parties shall address in a women’s economic empowerment, and comprehensive responses. We balanced manner, inter alia, mitigation, in particular, and decent work for will cooperate internationally to ensure adaptation, finance, technology all. We will eradicate forced labour safe, orderly and regular migration development and transfer, and capacity- and human trafficking and end child involving full respect for human rights building, and transparency of action and labour in all its forms. All countries and the humane treatment of migrants support. stand to benefit from having a healthy regardless of migration status, of and well-educated workforce with refugees and of displaced persons. Such 33. We recognise that social and the knowledge and skills needed for cooperation should also strengthen economic development depends on productive and fulfilling work and the resilience of communities hosting the sustainable management of our full participation in society. We will refugees, particularly in developing planet’s natural resources. We are

142 therefore determined to conserve poor governance and illicit financial and mobilizing all available resources. and sustainably use oceans and seas, and arms flows, are addressed in the 40. The means of implementation freshwater resources, as well as forests, Agenda. We must redouble our efforts targets under Goal 17 and under mountains and drylands and to protect to resolve or prevent conflict and to each SDG are key to realising our biodiversity, ecosystems and wildlife. support post-conflict countries, including Agenda and are of equal importance We are also determined to promote through ensuring that women have a with the other Goals and targets. sustainable tourism, tackle water scarcity role in peace-building and state-building. The Agenda, including the SDGs, and water pollution, to strengthen We call for further effective measures can be met within the framework of cooperation on desertification, dust and actions to be taken, in conformity a revitalized global partnership for storms, land degradation and drought with international law, to remove sustainable development, supported and to promote resilience and disaster the obstacles to the full realization by the concrete policies and actions risk reduction. In this regard, we look of the right of self-determination of as outlined in the outcome document forward to COP13 of the Convention peoples living under colonial and of the Third International Conference on Biological Diversity to be held in foreign occupation, which continue to on Financing for Development, held Mexico in 2016. adversely affect their economic and in Addis Ababa from 13-16 July 2015. social development as well as their 34. We recognize that sustainable We welcome the endorsement by the environment. urban development and management General Assembly of the Addis Ababa are crucial to the quality of life of our 36. We pledge to foster inter- Action Agenda, which is an integral part people. We will work with local cultural understanding, tolerance, of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable authorities and communities to renew mutual respect and an ethic of global Development. We recognize that and plan our cities and human citizenship and shared responsibility. We the full implementation of the Addis settlements so as to foster community acknowledge the natural and cultural Ababa Action Agenda is critical for cohesion and personal security and to diversity of the world and recognize the realization of the Sustainable stimulate innovation and employment. that all cultures and civilizations can Development Goals and targets. We will reduce the negative impacts of contribute to, and are crucial enablers 41. We recognize that each country urban activities and of chemicals which of, sustainable development. has primary responsibility for its own are hazardous for human health and 37. Sport is also an important enabler economic and social development. the environment, including through the of sustainable development. We The new Agenda deals with the means environmentally sound management recognize the growing contribution of required for implementation of the and safe use of chemicals, the reduction sport to the realization of development Goals and targets. We recognize that and recycling of waste and more and peace in its promotion of tolerance these will include the mobilization efficient use of water and energy. And and respect and the contributions of financial resources as well as we will work to minimize the impact it makes to the empowerment capacity-building and the transfer of of cities on the global climate system. of women and of young people, environmentally sound technologies We will also take account of population individuals and communities as well as to developing countries on favourable trends and projections in our national, to health, education and social inclusion terms, including on concessional and rural and urban development strategies objectives. preferential terms, as mutually agreed. and policies. We look forward to the Public finance, both domestic and upcoming United Nations Conference 38. We reaffirm, in accordance with international, will play a vital role in on Housing and Sustainable Urban the Charter of the United Nations, the providing essential services and public Development in Quito, Ecuador. need to respect the territorial integrity goods and in catalyzing other sources and political independence of States. 35. Sustainable development cannot of finance. We acknowledge the role be realized without peace and security; Means of Implementation of the diverse private sector, ranging and peace and security will be at risk 39. The scale and ambition of the from micro-enterprises to cooperatives without sustainable development. new Agenda requires a revitalized to multinationals, and that of civil The new Agenda recognizes the need Global Partnership to ensure its society organizations and philanthropic to build peaceful, just and inclusive implementation. We fully commit to organizations in the implementation of societies that provide equal access to this. This Partnership will work in a spirit the new Agenda. justice and that are based on respect of global solidarity, in particular solidarity 42. We support the implementation for human rights (including the right with the poorest and with people in of relevant strategies and to development), on effective rule of vulnerable situations. It will facilitate an programmes of action, including the law and good governance at all levels intensive global engagement in support Istanbul Declaration and Programme and on transparent, effective and of implementation of all the Goals and of Action, the SIDS Accelerated accountable institutions. Factors which targets, bringing together Governments, Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, give rise to violence, insecurity and the private sector, civil society, the the Vienna Programme of Action for injustice, such as inequality, corruption, United Nations system and other actors Landlocked Developing Countries for

143 the Decade 2014-2024, and reaffirm others. A call for action to change our the importance of supporting the world 46. We underline the important African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the role and comparative advantage of 49. Seventy years ago, an earlier programme of the New Partnership for an adequately resourced, relevant, generation of world leaders came Africa’s Development (NEPAD), all of coherent, efficient and effective UN together to create the United Nations. which are integral to the new Agenda. system in supporting the achievement From the ashes of war and division We recognize the major challenge to of the SDGs and sustainable they fashioned this Organization the achievement of durable peace and development. While stressing the and the values of peace, dialogue sustainable development in countries in importance of strengthened national and international cooperation which conflict and post- conflict situations. ownership and leadership at country underpin it. The supreme embodiment 43. We emphasize that international level, we express our support for the of those values is the Charter of the public finance plays an important ongoing ECOSOC Dialogue on the United Nations. role in complementing the efforts of longer-term positioning of the United 50. Today we are also taking a decision countries to mobilize public resources Nations development system in the of great historic significance. We resolve domestically, especially in the poorest context of this Agenda. to build a better future for all people, and most vulnerable countries with Follow-up and review including the millions who have been limited domestic resources. An denied the chance to lead decent, important use of international public 47. Our Governments have the dignified and rewarding lives and to finance, including ODA, is to catalyse primary responsibility for follow-up and achieve their full human potential. We additional resource mobilization review, at the national, regional and can be the first generation to succeed from other sources, public and global levels, in relation to the progress in ending poverty; just as we may be private. ODA providers reaffirm their made in implementing the Goals and the last to have a chance of saving the respective commitments, including targets over the coming fifteen years. To planet. The world will be a better place the commitment by many developed support accountability to our citizens, in 2030 if we succeed in our objectives. countries to achieve the target of 0.7% we will provide for systematic follow-up of ODA/GNI to developing countries and review at the various levels, as set 51. What we are announcing today – and 0.15% to 0.2% of ODA/GNI to out in this Agenda and the Addis Ababa an Agenda for global action for the next least developed countries. Action Agenda. The High Level Political fifteen years – is a charter for people Forum under the auspices of the and planet in the twenty-first century. 44. We acknowledge the importance General Assembly and the Economic Children and young women and men for international financial institutions to and Social Council will have the central are critical agents of change and will find support, in line with their mandates, role in overseeing follow-up and review in the new Goals a platform to channel the policy space of each country, at the global level. their infinite capacities for activism into in particular developing countries. the creation of a better world. We recommit to broadening and 48. Indicators are being developed strengthening the voice and participation to assist this work. Quality, accessible, 52. “We the Peoples” are the of developing countries – including timely and reliable disaggregated celebrated opening words of the UN African countries, least developed data will be needed to help with Charter. It is “We the Peoples” who are countries, land-locked developing the measurement of progress and embarking today on the road to 2030. countries, small-island developing States to ensure that no one is left behind. Our journey will involve Governments and middle-income countries – in Such data is key to decision-making. as well as Parliaments, the UN system international economic decision-making, Data and information from existing and other international institutions, local norm-setting and global economic reporting mechanisms should be authorities, indigenous peoples, civil governance. used where possible. We agree to society, business and the private sector, intensify our efforts to strengthen the scientific and academic community 45. We acknowledge also the essential statistical capacities in developing – and all people. Millions have already role of national parliaments through countries, particularly African countries, engaged with, and will own, this their enactment of legislation and least developed countries, landlocked Agenda. It is an Agenda of the people, adoption of budgets and their role in developing countries, small island by the people, and for the people – and ensuring accountability for the effective developing States and middle-income this, we believe, will ensure its success. implementation of our commitments. countries. We are committed to Governments and public institutions will 53. The future of humanity and of our developing broader measures of also work closely on implementation planet lies in our hands. It lies also in the progress to complement gross with regional and local authorities, hands of today’s younger generation domestic product (GDP). sub-regional institutions, international who will pass the torch to future institutions, academia, philanthropic generations. We have mapped the road organisations, volunteer groups and

144 to sustainable development; it will be measurement of progress, in particular for all of us to ensure that the journey is for those targets below which do not Goal 8. Promote sustained, successful and its gains irreversible. have clear numerical targets. inclusive and sustainable economic Sustainable Development Goals 58. We encourage ongoing efforts by growth, full and productive and targets states in other fora to address key issues employment and decent work for 54. Following an inclusive process which pose potential challenges to the all implementation of our Agenda; and we of intergovernmental negotiations, Goal 9. Build resilient respect the independent mandates of and based on the Proposal of the infrastructure, promote inclusive those processes. We intend that the Open Working Group on Sustainable and sustainable industrialization and Agenda and its implementation would Development Goals1, which includes foster innovation a chapeau contextualising the latter, support, and be without prejudice to, Goal 10. Reduce inequality within the following are the Goals and targets those other processes and the decisions and among countries which we have agreed. taken therein. Goal 11. Make cities and human 55. The SDGs and targets are 59. We recognise that there are settlements inclusive, safe, resilient integrated and indivisible, global in different approaches, visions, models and sustainable nature and universally applicable, taking and tools available to each country, into account different national realities, in accordance with its national Goal 12. Ensure sustainable capacities and levels of development circumstances and priorities, to consumption and production and respecting national policies and achieve sustainable development; and patterns priorities. Targets are defined as we reaffirm that planet Earth and its Goal 13. Take urgent action to aspirational and global, with each ecosystems are our common home combat climate change and its government setting its own national and that ‘Mother Earth’ is a common impacts* targets guided by the global level of expression in a number of countries ambition but taking into account national and regions. Goal 14. Conserve and circumstances. Each government will sustainably use the oceans, also decide how these aspirational and seas and marine resources for global targets should be incorporated Sustainable Development sustainable development in national planning processes, policies Goals Goal 15. Protect, restore and and strategies. It is important to Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms promote sustainable use of recognize the link between sustainable everywhere terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably development and other relevant manage forests, combat ongoing processes in the economic, Goal 2. End hunger, achieve desertification, and halt and social and environmental fields. food security and improved reverse land degradation and halt nutrition and promote sustainable 56. In deciding upon these Goals biodiversity loss agriculture and targets, we recognise that each Goal 16. Promote peaceful and country faces specific challenges to Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and inclusive societies for sustainable achieve sustainable development, and promote well-being for all at all development, provide access to we underscore the special challenges ages justice for all and build effective, facing the most vulnerable countries Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and accountable and inclusive and, in particular, African countries, equitable quality education institutions at all levels least developed countries, landlocked and promote lifelong learning developing countries and small island Goal 17. Strengthen the means of opportunities for all developing States, as well as the specific implementation and revitalize the challenges facing the middle-income Goal 5. Achieve gender equality global partnership for sustainable countries. Countries in situations of and empower all women and girls development conflict also need special attention. Goal 6. Ensure availability and * Acknowledging that the United 57. We recognize that baseline data sustainable management of water Nations Framework Convention for several of the targets remain and sanitation for all on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental unavailable, and we call for increased Goal 7. Ensure access to forum for negotiating the global support for strengthening data collection affordable, reliable, sustainable and response to climate change. and capacity building in Member States, modern energy for all to develop national and global baselines where they do not yet exist. We commit to addressing this gap in data collection so as to better inform the

1 Contained in A 68/970 ‘Report of the Open Working Group of the General Assembly on Sustainable Development Goals’ (see also A 68/970 Add. 1) 145 Goal 1. End poverty in all its the poor and people in vulnerable 2.b Correct and prevent trade forms everywhere situations, including infants, to safe, restrictions and distortions in world 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme nutritious and sufficient food all year agricultural markets, including t hrough poverty for all people everywhere, round the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all currently measured as people living on 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of export measures with equivalent effect, less than $1.25 a day malnutrition, including achieving, by in accordance with the mandate of the 2025, the internationally agreed targets 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half Doha Development Round the proportion of men, women and on stunting and wasting in children children of all ages living in poverty in under 5 years of age, and address the 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the all its dimensions according to national nutritional needs of adolescent girls, proper functioning of food commodity definitions pregnant and lactating women and markets and their derivatives and older persons facilitate timely access to market 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate information, including on food reserves, 2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural social protection systems and measures in order to help limit extreme food productivity and incomes of small-scale for all, including floors, and by 2030 price volatility achieve substantial coverage of the poor food producers, in particular women, Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and and the vulnerable indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including promote well-being for all at all 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and through secure and equal access to ages women, in particular the poor and land, other productive resources and 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global the vulnerable, have equal rights to inputs, knowledge, financial services, maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 economic resources, as well as access markets and opportunities for value per 100,000 live births to basic services, ownership and control addition and non-farm employment over land and other forms of property, 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths inheritance, natural resources, 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food of newborns and children under 5 appropriate new technology production systems and implement years of age, with all countries aiming and financial services, including resilient agricultural practices that to reduce neonatal mortality to at least microfinance increase productivity and production, as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and that help maintain ecosystems, that under-5 mortality to at least as low as 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the strengthen capacity for adaptation to 25 per 1,000 live births poor and those in vulnerable situations climate change, extreme weather, 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics and reduce their exposure and drought, flooding and other disasters of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and vulnerability to climate-related extreme and that progressively improve land and neglected tropical diseases and combat events and other economic, social and soil quality environmental shocks and disasters hepatitis, water-borne diseases and 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic other communicable diseases 1.a Ensure significant mobilization diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third of resources from a variety of farmed and domesticated animals and premature mortality from non- sources, including through enhanced their related wild species, including communicable diseases through development cooperation, in order through soundly managed and prevention and treatment and promote to provide adequate and predictable diversified seed and plant banks at the mental health and well-being means for developing countries, in national, regional and international particular least developed countries, to levels, and promote access to and fair 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and implement programmes and policies to and equitable sharing of benefits arising treatment of substance abuse, including end poverty in all its dimensions from the utilization of genetic resources narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of 1.b Create sound policy frameworks and associated traditional knowledge, as alcohol internationally agreed at the national, regional and 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of international levels, based on pro-poor 2.a Increase investment, including global deaths and injuries from road and gender-sensitive development through enhanced international traffic accidents strategies, to support accelerated cooperation, in rural infrastructure, 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal investment in poverty eradication agricultural research and extension access to sexual and reproductive actions services, technology development and health-care services, including for Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food plant and livestock gene banks in order family planning, information and security and improved nutrition to enhance agricultural productive education, and the integration of and promote sustainable capacity in developing countries, in reproductive health into national agriculture particular least developed countries strategies and programmes 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular

146 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, childhood development, care and through international cooperation for including financial risk protection, access pre- primary education so that they are teacher training in developing countries, to quality essential health-care services ready for primary education especially least developed countries and and access to safe, effective, quality small island developing States 4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for and affordable essential medicines and all women and men to affordable and Goal 5. Achieve gender equality vaccines for all quality technical, vocational and tertiary and empower all women and girls 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the education, including university 5.1 End all forms of discrimination number of deaths and illnesses from 4.4 By 2030, substantially increase against all women and girls everywhere hazardous chemicals and air, water and the number of youth and adults who 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence soil pollution and contamination have relevant skills, including technical against all women and girls in the 3.a Strengthen the implementation and vocational skills, for employment, public and private spheres, including of the World Health Organization decent jobs and entrepreneurship trafficking and sexual and other types of Framework Convention on Tobacco 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender exploitation Control in all countries, as appropriate disparities in education and ensure 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, 3.b Support the research and equal access to all levels of education such as child, early and forced marriage development of vaccines and and vocational training for the and female genital mutilation medicines for the communicable vulnerable, including persons with 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid and non- communicable diseases disabilities, indigenous peoples and care and domestic work through that primarily affect developing children in vulnerable situations the provision of public services, countries, provide access to affordable 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and infrastructure and social protection essential medicines and vaccines, in a substantial proportion of adults, both policies and the promotion of shared accordance with the Doha Declaration men and women, achieve literacy and responsibility within the household and on the TRIPS Agreement and Public numeracy the family as nationally appropriate Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full 4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective the provisions in the Agreement on acquire the knowledge and skills needed participation and equal opportunities Trade - Related Aspects of Intellectual to promote sustainable development, for leadership at all levels of decision- Property Rights regarding flexibilities including, among others, through making in political, economic and public to protect public health, and, in education for sustainable development life particular, provide access to medicines and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, 5.6 Ensure universal access to for all gender equality, promotion of a culture sexual and reproductive health and of peace and non-violence, global 3.c Substantially increase health reproductive rights as agreed in citizenship and appreciation of cultural financing and the recruitment, accordance with the Programme of diversity and of culture’s contribution to development, training and retention Action of the International Conference sustainable development of the health workforce in developing on Population and Development and countries, especially in least developed 4.a Build and upgrade education the Beijing Platform for Action and the countries and small island developing facilities that are child, disability and outcome documents of their review States gender sensitive and provide safe, non- conferences violent, inclusive and effective learning 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all 5.a Undertake reforms to give women environments for all countries, in particular developing equal rights to economic resources, countries, for early warning, risk 4.b By 2020, substantially expand as well as access to ownership and reduction and management of national globally the number of scholarships control over land and other forms and global health risks available to developing countries, in of property, financial services, particular least developed countries, Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and inheritance and natural resources, in equitable quality education small island developing States and accordance with national laws and promote lifelong learning African countries, for enrolment in 5.b Enhance the use of enabling opportunities for all higher education, including vocational technology, in particular information training and information and and communications technology, to 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls communications technology, technical, promote the empowerment of women and boys complete free, equitable engineering and scientific programmes, and quality primary and secondary in developed countries and other 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound education leading to relevant and developing countries policies and enforceable legislation for effective learning outcomes the promotion of gender equality and 4.c By 2030, substantially increase the the empowerment of all women and 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls supply of qualified teachers, including and boys have access to quality early girls at all levels

147 Goal 6. Ensure availability and 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the 10-year framework of programmes sustainable management of water share of renewable energy in the global on sustainable consumption and and sanitation for all energy mix production, with developed countries taking the lead 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and 7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of equitable access to safe and affordable improvement in energy efficiency 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and drinking water for all productive employment and decent 7.a By 2030, enhance international work for all women and men, including 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to cooperation to facilitate access to for young people and persons with adequate and equitable sanitation and clean energy research and technology, disabilities, and equal pay for work of hygiene for all and end open defecation, including renewable energy, energy equal value paying special attention to the needs efficiency and advanced and cleaner of women and girls and those in fossil-fuel technology, and promote 8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce vulnerable situations investment in energy infrastructure and the proportion of youth not in 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by clean energy technology employment, education or training reducing pollution, eliminating dumping 7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure 8.7 Take immediate and effective and minimizing release of hazardous and upgrade technology for supplying measures to eradicate forced labour, chemicals and materials, halving the modern and sustainable energy services end modern slavery and human proportion of untreated wastewater for all in developing countries, in trafficking and secure the prohibition and substantially increasing recycling and particular least developed countries, and elimination of the worst forms of safe reuse globally small island developing States, and child labour, including recruitment and 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase land-locked developing countries, use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end water-use efficiency across all sectors in accordance with their respective child labour in all its forms programmes of support and ensure sustainable withdrawals and 8.8 Protect labour rights and promote supply of freshwater to address water Goal 8. Promote sustained, safe and secure working environments scarcity and substantially reduce the inclusive and sustainable for all workers, including migrant number of people suffering from water economic growth, full and workers, in particular women migrants, productive employment and scarcity and those in precarious employment decent work for all 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated 8.9 By 2030, devise and implement 8.1 Sustain per capita economic water resources management at all policies to promote sustainable tourism growth in accordance with national levels, including through transboundary that creates jobs and promotes local circumstances and, in particular, cooperation as appropriate culture and products at least 7 per cent gross domestic 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore product growth per annum in the least 8.10 Strengthen the capacity of water-related ecosystems, including developed countries domestic financial institutions to mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, encourage and expand access to 8.2 Achieve higher levels of aquifers and lakes banking, insurance and financial services economic productivity through for all 6.a By 2030, expand international diversification, technological upgrading cooperation and capacity-building and innovation, including through a 8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for support to developing countries in focus on high-value added and labour- developing countries, in particular least water- and sanitation-related activities intensive sectors developed countries, including through and programmes, including water the Enhanced Integrated Framework for 8.3 Promote development-oriented harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, Trade-Related Technical Assistance to policies that support productive wastewater treatment, recycling and Least Developed Countries reuse technologies activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and 8.b By 2020, develop and 6.b Support and strengthen the innovation, and encourage the operationalize a global strategy for participation of local communities formalization and growth of micro-, youth employment and implement the in improving water and sanitation small- and medium-sized enterprises, Global Jobs Pact of the International management including through access to financial Labour Organization Goal 7. Ensure access to services Goal 9. Build resilient affordable, reliable, sustainable 8.4 Improve progressively, through infrastructure, promote inclusive and modern energy for all and sustainable industrialization 2030, global resource efficiency in and foster innovation 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access consumption and production and to affordable, reliable and modern endeavour to decouple economic 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable energy services growth from environmental and resilient infrastructure, including degradation, in accordance with the regional and transborder infrastructure,

148 to support economic development and Internet in least developed countries by 10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per human well-being, with a focus on 2020 cent the transaction costs of migrant affordable and equitable access for all Goal 10. Reduce inequality within remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per 9.2 Promote inclusive and and among countries cent sustainable industrialization and, by 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve Goal 11. Make cities and human 2030, significantly raise industry’s and sustain income growth of the settlements inclusive, safe, share of employment and gross bottom 40 per cent of the population at resilient and sustainable domestic product, in line with national a rate higher than the national average circumstances, and double its share in 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote least developed countries adequate, safe and affordable housing the social, economic and political and basic services and upgrade slums 9.3 Increase the access of small-scale inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, industrial and other enterprises, in disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, particular in developing countries, to or economic or other status affordable, accessible and sustainable financial services, including affordable transport systems for all, improving 10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and credit, and their integration into value road safety, notably by expanding public reduce inequalities of outcome, chains and markets transport, with special attention to the including by eliminating discriminatory needs of those in vulnerable situations, 9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure laws, policies and practices and women, children, persons with and retrofit industries to make them promoting appropriate legislation, disabilities and older persons sustainable, with increased r esource- policies and action in this regard use efficiency and greater adoption 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, of clean and environmentally sound sustainable urbanization and capacity wage and social protection policies, and technologies and industrial processes, for participatory, inte grated and progressively achieve greater equality with all countries taking action in sustainable human settlement planning accordance with their respective 10.5 Improve the regulation and and management in all countries capabilities monitoring of global financial markets 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and institutions and strengthen the 9.5 Enhance scientific research, and safeguard the world’s cultural and implementation of such regulations upgrade the technological capabilities natural heritage of industrial sectors in all countries, 10.6 Ensure enhanced representation 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the in particular developing countries, and voice for developing countries in number of deaths and the number including, by 2030, encouraging decision-making in global international of people affected and substantially innovation and substantially increasing economic and financial institutions decrease the direct economic losses the number of research and in order to deliver more effective, relative to global gross domestic development workers per 1 million credible, accountable and legitimate product caused by disasters, including people and public and private research institutions water-related disasters, with a focus and development spending 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular on protecting the poor and people in 9.a Facilitate sustainable and and responsible migration and mobility vulnerable situations resilient infrastructure development of people, including through the 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per in developing countries through implementation of planned and well- capita environmental impact of cities, enhanced financial, technological and managed migration policies including by paying special attention technical support to African countries, 10.a Implement the principle of special to air quality and municipal and other least developed countries, landlocked and differential treatment for developing waste management developing countries and small island countries, in particular least developed developing States 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access countries, in accordance with World to safe, inclusive and accessible, green 9.b Support domestic technology Trade Organization agreements and public spaces, in particular for development, research and innovation 10.b Encourage official development women and children, older persons and in developing countries, including assistance and financial flows, including persons with disabilities by ensuring a conducive policy foreign direct investment, to States environment for, inter alia, industrial 11.a Support positive economic, social where the need is greatest, in particular diversification and value addition to and environmental links between least developed countries, African commodities urban, peri-urban and rural areas by countries, small island developing States strengthening national and regional 9.c Significantly increase access to and landlocked developing countries, in development planning information and communications accordance with their national plans and technology and strive to provide programmes universal and affordable access to the

149 11.b By 2020, substantially increase priorities transparency on implementation and the number of cities and human fully operationalize the Green Climate 12.8 By 2030, ensure that people settlements adopting and implementing Fund through its capitalization as soon everywhere have the relevant integrated policies and plans towards as possible information and awareness for inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation sustainable development and lifestyles in 13.b Promote mechanisms for raising and adaptation to climate change, harmony with nature capacity for effective climate change- resilience to disasters, and develop related planning and management in and implement, in line with the Sendai 12.a Support developing countries least developed countries and small Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction to strengthen their scientific and island developing States, including 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk technological capacity to move focusing on women, youth and local management at all levels towards more sustainable patterns of and marginalized communities consumption and production 11.c Support least developed countries, * Acknowledging that the United including through financial and technical 12.b Develop and implement tools Nations Framework Convention assistance, in building sustai nable and to monitor sustainable development on Climate Change is the primary resilient buildings utilizing local materials impacts for sustainable tourism that international, intergovernmental forum creates jobs and promotes local culture Goal 12. Ensure sustainable for negotiating the global response to and products consumption and production climate change. patterns 12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably 12.1 Implement the 10-year framework subsidies that encourage wasteful use the oceans, seas and marine of programmes on sustainable consumption by removing market resources for sustainable consumption and production, all distortions, in accordance with national development circumstances, including by restructuring countries taking action, with developed 14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly taxation and phasing out those harmful countries taking the lead, taking reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in subsidies, where they exist, to reflect into account the development and particular from land -based activities, their environmental impacts, taking capabilities of developing countries including marine debris and nutrient fully into account the specific needs and pollution 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable conditions of developing countries and management and efficient use of natural minimizing the possible adverse impacts 14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and resources on their development in a manner protect marine and coastal ecosystems 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global that protects the poor and the affected to avoid significant adverse impacts, food waste at the retail and consumer communities including by strengthening their levels and reduce food losses along Goal 13. Take urgent action to resilience, and take action for their production and supply chains, including combat climate change and its restoration in order to achieve healthy post-harvest losses impacts* and productive oceans 12.4 By 2020, achieve the 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive 14.3 Minimize and address the impacts environmentally sound management capacity to climate-related hazards and of ocean acidification, including through of chemicals and all wastes throughout natural disasters in all countries enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels their life cycle, in accordance with 13.2 Integrate climate change measures agreed international frameworks, and into national policies, strategies and 14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate significantly reduce their release to air, planning harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, water and soil in order to minimize unreported and unregulated fishing 13.3 Improve education, awareness- their adverse impacts on human health and destructive fishing practices and raising and human and institutional and the environment implement science-based management capacity on climate change mitigation, plans, in order to restore fish stocks 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce adaptation, impact reduction and early in the shortest time feasible, at least waste generation through prevention, warning reduction, recycling and reuse to levels that can produce maximum 13.a Implement the commitment sustainable yield as determined by their 12.6 Encourage companies, especially undertaken by developed-country biological characteristics large and transnational companies, parties to the United Nations 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least to adopt sustainable practices and to Framework Convention on Climate 10 per cent of coastal and marine integrate sustainability information into Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly areas, consistent with national and their reporting cycle $100 billion annually by 2020 from international law and based on the best 12.7 Promote public procurement all sources to address the needs of available scientific information practices that are sustainable, in developing countries in the context accordance with national policies and of meaningful mitigation actions and

150 14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms their services, in particular forests, finance sustainable forest management of fisheries subsidies which contribute wetlands, mountains and drylands, in and provide adequate incentives to to overcapacity and overfishing, line with obligations under international developing countries to advance such eliminate subsidies that contribute to agreements management, including for conservation illegal, unreported and unregulated and reforestation 15.2 By 2020, promote the fishing and refrain from introducing implementation of sustainable 15.c Enhance global support for efforts new such subsidies, recognizing that management of all types of forests, halt to combat poaching and trafficking appropriate and effective special and deforestation, restore degraded forests of protected species, including differential treatment for developing and substantially increase afforestation by increasing the capacity of local and least developed countries should and reforestation globally communities to pursue sustainable be an integral part of the World livelihood opportunities Trade Organization fisheries subsidies 15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, negotiation2 restore degraded land and soil, including Goal 16. Promote peaceful and land affected by desertification, drought inclusive societies for sustainable 14.7 By 2030, increase the economic and floods, and strive to achieve a land development, provide access to benefits to Small Island developing justice for all and build effective, degradation-neutral world States and least developed countries accountable and inclusive from the sustainable use of marine 15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation institutions at all levels of mountain ecosystems, including their resources, including through sustainable 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms biodiversity, in order to enhance their management of fisheries, aquaculture of violence and related death rates capacity to provide benefits that are and tourism everywhere essential for sustainable development 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, 16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking 15.5 Take urgent and significant action develop research capacity and transfer and all forms of violence against and to reduce the degradation of natural marine technology, taking into account torture of children the Intergovernmental Oceanographic habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity Commission Criteria and Guidelines and, by 2020, protect and prevent the 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the on the Transfer of Marine Technology, extinction of threatened species national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all in order to improve ocean health and 15.6 Promote fair and equitable to enhance the contribution of marine sharing of the benefits arising from the 16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit biodiversity to the development of utilization of genetic resources and financial and arms flows, strengthen the developing countries, in particular promote appropriate access to such recovery and return of stolen assets and small island developing States and resources, as internationally agreed combat all forms of organized crime least developed countries 15.7 Take urgent action to end 16.5 Substantially reduce corruption 14.b Provide access for small-scale poaching and trafficking of protected and bribery in all their forms artisanal fishers to marine resources and species of flora and fauna and address 16.6 Develop effective, accountable markets both demand and supply of illegal and transparent institutions at all levels 14.c Enhance the conservation and wildlife products 16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, sustainable use of oceans and their 15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to participatory and representative resources by implementing international prevent the introduction and significantly decision-making at all levels law as reflected in UNCLOS, which reduce the impact of invasive alien provides the legal framework for the species on land and water ecosystems 16.8 Broaden and strengthen the conservation and sustainable use of and control or eradicate the priority participation of developing countries in oceans and their resources, as recalled species the institutions of global governance in paragraph 158 of The Future We 16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for Want 15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and all, including birth registration Goal 15. Protect, restore local planning, development processes, and promote sustainable use 16.10 Ensure public access to of terrestrial ecosystems, poverty reduction strategies and information and protect fundamental sustainably manage forests, accounts freedoms, in accordance with national combat desertification, and halt 15.a Mobilize and significantly increase legislation and international agreements and reverse land degradation and financial resources from all sources 16.a Strengthen relevant national halt biodiversity loss to conserve and sustainably use institutions, including through 15.1 By 2020, ensure the biodiversity and ecosystems international cooperation, for building conservation, restoration and 15.b Mobilize significant resources capacity at all levels, in particular in sustainable use of terrestrial and from all sources and at all levels to developing countries, to prevent inland freshwater ecosystems and 2 Taking into account ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations, the Doha Development Agenda and the Hong Kong ministerial mandate.

151 violence and combat terrorism and 17.7 Promote the development, 17.15 Respect each country’s crime transfer, dissemination and diffusion of policy space and leadership to environmentally sound technologies establish and implement policies for 16.b Promote and enforce non- to developing countries on favourable poverty eradication and sustainable discriminatory laws and policies for terms, including on concessional and development sustainable development preferential terms, as mutually agreed Goal 17. Strengthen the means of Multi-stakeholder partnerships 17.8 Fully operationalize the technology implementation and revitalize the 17.16 Enhance the global partnership bank and science, technology and global partnership for sustainable for sustainable development, innovation capacity-building mechanism development complemented by multi-stakeholder for least developed countries by 2017 Finance partnerships that mobilize and share and enhance the use of enabling knowledge, expertise, technology 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource technology, in particular information and and financial resources, to support mobilization, including through communications technology the achievement of the sustainable international support to developing Capacity-building development goals in all countries, in countries, to improve domestic capacity particular developing countries for tax and other revenue collection 17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and 17.17 Encourage and promote 17.2 Developed countries to targeted capacity-building in effective public, public-private and civil implement fully their official developing countries to support national society partnerships, building on the development assistance commitments, plans to implement all the sustainable experience and resourcing strategies of including the commitment by many development goals, including through partnerships developed countries to achieve the North-South, South-South and Data, monitoring and target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI triangular cooperation to developing countries and 0.15 to accountability Trade 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity- developed countries; ODA providers 17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, building support to developing are encouraged to consider setting open, non-discriminatory and equitable countries, including for least developed a target to provide at least 0.20 per multilateral trading system under the countries and small island developing cent of ODA/GNI to least developed World Trade Organization, including States, to increase significantly the countries through the conclusion of negotiations availability of high-quality, timely and 17.3 Mobilize additional financial under its Doha Development Agenda reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory resources for developing countries from 17.11 Significantly increase the exports status, disability, geographic location and multiple sources of developing countries, in particular other characteristics relevant in national with a view to doubling the least 17.4 Assist developing countries in contexts attaining long-term debt sustainability developed countries’ share of global through coordinated policies aimed exports by 2020 17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of at fostering debt financing, debt relief 17.12 Realize timely implementation of progress on sustainable development and debt restructuring, as appropriate, duty-free and quota-free market access that complement gross domestic and address the external debt of highly on a lasting basis for all least developed product, and support statistical capacity- indebted poor countries to reduce debt countries, consistent with World Trade building in developing countries distress Organization decisions, including by 17.5 Adopt and implement investment ensuring that preferential rules of Means of implementation and the promotion regimes for least developed origin applicable to imports from least Global Partnership countries developed countries are transparent 60. We reaffirm our strong and simple, and contribute to facilitating Technology commitment to the full implementation market access of this new Agenda. We recognize 17.6 Enhance North-South, South- Systemic issues that we will not be able to achieve South and triangular regional and our ambitious Goals and targets Policy and institutional coherence international cooperation on and access without a revitalized and enhanced to science, technology and innovation 17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic Global Partnership and comparably and enhance knowledge sharing on stability, including through policy ambitious means of implementation. mutually agreed terms, including coordination and policy coherence The revitalized Global Partnership will through improved coordination among facilitate an intensive global engagement 17.14 Enhance policy coherence for existing mechanisms, in particular at the in support of implementation of all the sustainable development United Nations level, and through a goals and targets, bringing together global technology facilitation mechanism Governments, civil society, the private

152 sector, the United Nations system and environment, including coherent and resources are first and foremost other actors and mobilizing all available mutually supporting world trade, generated by economic growth, resources. monetary and financial systems, and supported by an enabling environment strengthened and enhanced global at all levels. 61. The Agenda’s Goals and targets economic governance. Processes to deal with the means required to realise 67. Private business activity, investment develop and facilitate the availability our collective ambitions. The means and innovation are major drivers of of appropriate knowledge and of implementation targets under each productivity, inclusive economic growth technologies globally, as well as SDG and Goal 17, which are referred and job creation. We acknowledge capacity-building, are also critical. We to above, are key to realising our the diversity of the private sector, commit to pursuing policy coherence Agenda and are of equal importance ranging from micro-enterprises to and an enabling environment with the other Goals and targets. We cooperatives to multinationals. We call for sustainable development at all shall accord them equal priority in our on all businesses to apply their creativity levels and by all actors, and to implementation efforts and in the global and innovation to solving sustainable reinvigorating the global partnership indicator framework for monitoring our development challenges. We will for sustainable development. progress. foster a dynamic and well-functioning 64. We support the implementation business sector, while protecting labour 62. This Agenda, including the SDGs, of relevant strategies and rights and environmental and health can be met within the framework of programmes of action, including the standards in accordance with relevant a revitalized global partnership for Istanbul Declaration and Programme international standards and agreements sustainable development, supported of Action, the SIDS Accelerated and other on-going initiatives in this by the concrete policies and actions Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, regard, such as the Guiding Principles outlined in the Addis Ababa Action the Vienna Programme of Action for on Business and Human Rights and Agenda3, which is an integral part Landlocked Developing Countries for the labour standards of ILO, the of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable the Decade 2014-2024, and reaffirm Convention on the Rights of the Child development. The Addis Ababa Action the importance of supporting the and key multilateral environmental Agenda supports, complements and African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the agreements, for parties to those helps contextualize the 2030 Agenda’s programme of the New Partnership for agreements. means of implementation targets. These Africa’s Development (NEPAD), all of relate to domestic public resources, 68. International trade is an engine which are integral to the new Agenda. domestic and international private for inclusive economic growth and We recognize the major challenge to business and finance, international poverty reduction, and contributes the achievement of durable peace and development cooperation, international to the promotion of sustainable sustainable development in countries in trade as an engine for development, development. We will continue to conflict and post - conflict situations. debt and debt sustainability, promote a universal, rules-based, open, addressing systemic issues and science, 65. We recognize that middle-income transparent, predictable, inclusive, non- technology, innovation and capacity- countries still face significant challenges discriminatory and equitable multilateral building, and data, monitoring and to achieve sustainable development. trading system under the World follow-up. Trade Organization (WTO), as well In order to ensure that achievements as meaningful trade liberalization. We 63. Cohesive nationally owned made to date are sustained, efforts to call on all WTO members to redouble sustainable development strategies, address ongoing challenges should be their efforts to promptly conclude the supported by integrated national strengthened through the exchange of negotiations on the Doha Development financing frameworks, will be at the experiences, improved coordination, Agenda. We attach great importance to heart of our efforts. We reiterate that and better and focused support of the providing trade-related capacity-building each country has primary responsibility United Nations Development System, for developing countries, including for its own economic and social the international financial institutions, African countries, least-developed development and that the role of regional organizations and other countries, landlocked developing national policies and development stakeholders. countries, small island developing states strategies cannot be overemphasized. and middle-income countries, including We will respect each country’s policy 66. We underscore that, for all for the promotion of regional economic space and leadership to implement countries, public policies and the integration and interconnectivity. policies for poverty eradication and mobilization and effective use of sustainable development, while domestic resources, underscored by 69. We recognize the need to remaining consistent with relevant the principle of national ownership, assist developing countries in international rules and commitments. At are central to our common pursuit attaining long-term debt sustainability the same time, national development of sustainable development, including through coordinated policies aimed efforts need to be supported by achieving the sustainable development an enabling international economic goals. We recognize that domestic 3 Resolution A/69/313 The Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa Action Agenda), adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2015. 153 at fostering debt financing, debt relief, the on-line platform, including preparing stakeholder partnerships in order debt restructuring and sound debt proposals for the modalities for the to identify and examine technology management, as appropriate. Many Forum and the on-line platform. The needs and gaps, including on scientific countries remain vulnerable to debt 10 representatives will be appointed by cooperation, innovation and capacity crises and some are in the midst of the Secretary General, for periods of building, and also in order to help crises, including a number of least two years. The Task Team will be open facilitate development, transfer and developed countries, small-island to the participation of all UN agencies, dissemination of relevant technologies developing States and some developed funds and programmes, and ECOSOC for the SDGs. The meetings of the countries. We reiterate that debtors functional commissions and it will Forum will be convened by the and creditors must work together to initially be composed by the entities that President of the ECOSOC before prevent and resolve unsustainable currently integrate the informal working the meeting of the High Level Political debt situations. Maintaining sustainable group on technology facilitation, Forum under the auspices of ECOSOC debt levels is the responsibility of the namely: UN Department of Economic or, alternatively, in conjunction borrowing countries; however we and Social Affairs, United Nations with other fora or conferences, as acknowledge that lenders also have Environment Programme, UNIDO, appropriate, taking into account a responsibility to lend in a way that United Nations Educational Scientific the theme to be considered and does not undermine a country’s debt and Cultural Organization, UNCTAD, on the basis of a collaboration with sustainability. We will support the International Telecommunication Union, the organizers of the other fora or maintenance of debt sustainability of WIPO and the World Bank. conference. The meetings of the Forum those countries that have received debt will be co-chaired by two Member • The on-line platform will be used to relief and achieved sustainable debt States and will result in a summary establish a comprehensive mapping of, levels. of discussions elaborated by the two and serve as a gateway for, information co-chairs, as an input to the meetings 70. We hereby launch a Technology on existing STI initiatives, mechanisms of the High Level Political Forum, in the Facilitation Mechanism which was and programmes, within and beyond context of the follow-up and review of established by the Addis Ababa Action the UN. The on- line platform the implementation of the Post-2015 Agenda in order to support the will facilitate access to information, Development Agenda. sustainable development goals. The knowledge and experience, as well as Technology Facilitation Mechanism best practices and lessons learned, on • The meetings of the HLPF will will be based on a multi-stakeholder STI facilitation initiatives and policies. be informed by the summary of the collaboration between Member States, The online platform will also facilitate Multistakeholder Forum. The themes civil society, private sector, scientific the dissemination of relevant open for the subsequent Multistakeholder community, United Nations entities access scientific publications generated Forum on Science Technology and and other stakeholders and will be worldwide. The on-line platform Innovation for the SDGs will be composed of: a United Nations will be developed on the basis of an considered by the High Level Political Interagency Task Team on Science, independent technical assessment Forum on sustainable development, Technology and Innovation for the which will take into account best taking into account expert inputs from SDGs, a collaborative Multistakeholder practices and lessons learned from the Task Team. Forum on Science, Technology and other initiatives, within and beyond 71. We reiterate that this Agenda and Innovation for the SDGs and an on-line the United Nations, in order to ensure the Sustainable Development Goals platform. that it will complement, facilitate access and targets, including the means of to and provide adequate information • The United Nations Interagency implementation are universal, indivisible on existing STI platforms, avoiding Task Team on Science, Technology and interlinked. duplications and enhancing synergies. and Innovation for the SDGs will Follow-up and review promote coordination, coherence, and • The Multi-stakeholder Forum on cooperation within the UN System on Science Technology and Innovation 72. We commit to engage in systematic STI related matters, enhancing synergy for the SDGs will be convened once follow-up and review of implementation and efficiency, in particular to enhance a year, for a period of two days, of this Agenda over the next fifteen capacity-building initiatives. The Task to discuss STI cooperation around years. A robust, voluntary, effective, Team will draw on existing resources thematic areas for the implementation participatory, transparent and integrated and will work with 10 representatives of the SDGs, congregating all relevant follow-up and review framework from the civil society, private sector, the stakeholders to actively contribute in will make a vital contribution to scientific community, to prepare the their area of expertise. The Forum implementation and will help countries meetings of the Multistakeholder Forum will provide a venue for facilitating to maximize and track progress in on Science, Technology and Innovation interaction, matchmaking and the implementing this Agenda in order to for the SDGs, as well as in the establishment of networks between ensure that no one is left behind. development and operationalization of relevant stakeholders and multi-

154 73. Operating at the national, regional f. They will build on existing platforms countries, particularly African and global levels, it will promote and processes, where these exist, avoid countries, LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs, in accountability to our citizens, support duplication and respond to national strengthening the capacity of national effective international cooperation circumstances, capacities, needs statistical offices and data systems to in achieving this Agenda and foster and priorities. They will evolve over ensure access to high-quality, timely, exchanges of best practices and mutual time, taking into account emerging reliable and disaggregated data. We will learning. It will mobilize support to issues and the development of new promote transparent and accountable overcome shared challenges and methodologies, and will minimize scaling-up of appropriate public-private identify new and emerging issues. As the reporting burden on national cooperation to exploit the contribution this is a universal Agenda, mutual trust administrations. to be made by a wide range of data, and understanding among all nations will including earth observation and geo g. They will be rigorous and based on be important. - spatial information, while ensuring evidence, informed by country-led national ownership in supporting and 74. Follow-up and review processes at evaluations and data which is high- tracking progress. all levels will be guided by the following quality, accessible, timely, reliable principles: and disaggregated by income, sex, 77. We commit to fully engage in age, race, ethnicity, migration status, conducting regular and inclusive reviews a. They will be voluntary and disability and geographic location and of progress at sub-national, national, country-led, will take into account other characteristics relevant in national regional and global levels. We will different national realities, capacities contexts. draw as far as possible on the existing and levels of development and will network of follow-up and review respect policy space and priorities. As h. They will require enhanced institutions and mechanisms. National national ownership is key to achieving capacity-building support for reports will allow assessments of sustainable development, the outcome developing countries, including the progress and identify challenges at the from national level processes will be strengthening of national data systems regional and global level. Along with the foundation for reviews at regional and evaluation programs, particularly regional dialogues and global reviews, and global levels, given that the global in African countries, LDCs, SIDS and they will inform recommendations for review will be primarily based on LLDCs and middle-income countries. follow-up at various levels. national official data sources. i. They will benefit from the active National level b. They will track progress in support of the UN system and other implementing the universal Goals multilateral institutions. 78. We encourage all member states and targets, including the means of to develop as soon as practicable 75. The Goals and targets will be implementation, in all countries in a ambitious national responses to followed-up and reviewed using a manner which respects their universal, the overall implementation of this set of global indicators. These will be integrated and interrelated nature and Agenda. These can support the complemented by indicators at the the three dimensions of sustainable transition to the SDGs and build on regional and national levels which will development. existing planning instruments, such as be developed by member states, in national development and sustainable c. They will maintain a longer-term addition to the outcomes of work development strategies, as appropriate. orientation, identify achievements, undertaken for the development of challenges, gaps and critical success the baselines for those targets where 79. We also encourage member factors and support countries in making national and global baseline data does states to conduct regular and inclusive informed policy choices. They will not yet exist. The global indicator reviews of progress at the national and help mobilize the necessary means framework, to be developed by the sub- national levels which are country- of implementation and partnerships, Inter Agency and Expert Group on led and country-driven. Such reviews support the identification of solutions SDG Indicators, will be agreed by the should draw on contributions from and best practices and promote UN Statistical Commission by March indigenous peoples, civil society, the coordination and effectiveness of the private sector and other stakeholders, in 2016 and adopted thereafter by the international development system. line with national circumstances, policies Economic and Social Council and and priorities. National parliaments d. They will be open, inclusive, the General Assembly, in line with as well as other institutions can also participatory and transparent for all existing mandates. This framework support these processes. people and will support the reporting will be simple yet robust, address all by all relevant stakeholders. SDGs and targets including for means Regional level of implementation, and preserve e. They will be people-centred, gender- 80. Follow-up and review at the the political balance, integration and sensitive, respect human rights and have regional and sub-regional levels ambition contained therein. a particular focus on the poorest, most can, as appropriate, provide useful vulnerable and those furthest behind. 76. We will support developing opportunities for peer learning,

155 including through voluntary reviews, level. The HLPF will also be informed Development will be fed into the sharing of best practices and discussion by the Global Sustainable Development overall follow-up and review of the on shared targets. We welcome Report, which shall strengthen the implementation of this Agenda in the in this respect the cooperation science-policy interface and could HLPF. of regional and sub-regional provide a strong evidence-based 87. Meeting every four years under commissions and organizations. instrument to support policy-makers the auspices of the General Assembly, Inclusive regional processes will draw in promoting poverty eradication and the HLPF will provide high-level on national-level reviews and contribute sustainable development. We invite the political guidance on the Agenda to follow-up and review at the global President of ECOSOC to conduct a and its implementation, identify level, including at the High Level Political process of consultations on the scope, progress and emerging challenges and Forum on sustainable development methodology and frequency of the mobilize further actions to accelerate (HLPF). Report as well as its relation to the SDG implementation. The next HLPF, Progress Report, the outcome of which 81. Recognizing the importance of under the auspices of the General should be reflected in the Ministerial building on existing follow-up and Assembly, will take place in 2019, with Declaration of the HLPF session in review mechanisms at the regional the cycle of meetings thus reset, in 2016. level and allowing adequate policy order to maximize coherence with the space, we encourage all member states 84. The HLPF, under the auspices Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy to identify the most suitable regional of ECOSOC, shall carry out regular Review process. forum in which to engage. UN regional reviews, in line with Resolution 67/290. 88. We also stress the importance commissions are encouraged to Reviews will be voluntary, while of system-wide strategic planning, continue supporting member states in encouraging reporting, and include implementation and reporting in order this regard. developed and developing countries as to ensure coherent and integrated Global level well as relevant UN entities and other support to implementation of the stakeholders, including civil society new Agenda by the UN development 82. The HLPF will have a central role and the private sector. They shall be system. The relevant governing in overseeing a network of follow-up state-led, involving ministerial and other bodies should take action to review and review processes at the global level, relevant high-level participants. They such support to implementation and working coherently with the General shall provide a platform for partnerships, to report on progress and obstacles. Assembly, ECOSOC and other relevant including through the participation We welcome the ongoing ECOSOC organs and forums, in accordance with of major groups and other relevant Dialogues on the longer term existing mandates. It will facilitate sharing stakeholders. positioning of the UN development of experiences, including successes, system and look forward to taking challenges and lessons learned, and 85. Thematic reviews of progress on action on these issues, as appropriate. provide political leadership, guidance the Sustainable Development Goals, and recommendations for follow-up. It including cross-cutting issues, will also 89. The HLPF will support participation will promote system-wide coherence take place at the HLPF. These will be in follow-up and review processes by and coordination of sustainable supported by reviews by the ECOSOC the major groups and other relevant development policies. It should ensure functional commissions and other inter- stakeholders in line with Resolution that the Agenda remains relevant and governmental bodies and forums which 67/290. We call on these actors to ambitious and should focus on the should reflect the integrated nature of report on their contribution to the assessment of progress, achievements the goals as well as the interlinkages implementation of the Agenda. and challenges faced by developed and between them. They will engage all 90. We request the Secretary General, developing countries as well as new relevant stakeholders and, where in consultation with Member States, and emerging issues. Effective linkages possible, feed into, and be aligned with, to prepare a report, for consideration will be made with the follow-up and the cycle of the HLPF. at the 70th session of the General review arrangements of all relevant UN 86. We welcome, as outlined in Assembly in preparation for the 2016 Conferences and processes, including the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, meeting of the HLPF, which outlines on LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs. the dedicated follow-up and review critical milestones towards coherent 83. Follow-up and review at the HLPF for the Financing for Development efficient, and inclusive follow-up will be informed by an annual SDG outcomes as well as all the means of and review at the global level. This Progress Report to be prepared by the implementation of the SDGs which report should include a proposal on Secretary General in cooperation with is integrated with the follow-up and the organizational arrangements for the UN System, based on the global review framework of this Agenda. The state-led reviews at the HLPF under indicator framework and data produced intergovernmentally agreed conclusions the auspices of ECOSOC, including by national statistical systems and and recommendations of the annual recommendations on a voluntary information collected at the regional ECOSOC Forum on Financing for common reporting guidelines. It should

156 clarify institutional responsibilities and provide guidance on annual themes, on a sequence of thematic reviews, and on options for periodic reviews for the HLPF. 91. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to achieving this Agenda and utilizing it to the full to transform our world for the better by 2030.

157 Pacific Consultation on Progress on the Millennium Development Goals and the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Final Report ANNEX 6

158 Pacific Consultation on Progress II. Current status and key issues Common challenges in making progress on the Millennium Development in achieving the MDGs against the MDGs faced by countries Goals and the Post-2015 include human and institutional capacity While much progress has been made Development Agenda constraints, lack of ownership and in the Pacific on some of the MDGs, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat political will, lack of awareness and for example on infant and maternal Conference Centre, engagement of stakeholders and the mortality, and education, challenges challenge of localizing the MDGs, lack Suva17-19 November, 2014 remain, particularly in progress of alignment with global and regional towards more inclusive sustainable actions, insufficient resources and human development. Inequality and I. Introduction and background capacities of resource implementation, exclusion are on the rise in the Pacific. lack of baseline data and capacities to UNDP, ADB and ESCAP in Vulnerability, for example to economic collect and analyse data, etc. It was cooperation with the Pacific Islands shocks and natural disasters, has a great also noted that some MDG indicators Forum Secretariat organized a Pacific impact on national progress against were not relevant for Pacific Islands or consultation on progress on the MDGs the MDGs and human well-being in unmeasurable. In addition, more efforts and the post-2015 development general. agenda in Suva, Fiji from 17-19 are needed to strengthen development An understanding of the limitations in November 2014. Government officials, partner coordination and to strengthen achievement of the MDG can be gained civil society and development partners aid effectiveness tracking. by examining data and reports on the attended the consultation representing MDGs such as the PIFS Pacific Regional 14 Pacific Island Countries (PICs). MDGs Tracking Report, as well as those From these challenges, lessons can be The Suva workshop was the second Reports beyond the MDG, such as the drawn to inform the post-2015 agenda. one dedicated specifically to the Pacific. UNDP State of Human Development Such lesson include: early and wide It is part of a series of regional and sub- in the Pacific (2014); ESCAP Economic consultations to raise understanding regional workshops and consultations and Social Survey of Asia and Pacific and commitment; attention to on the MDGs and post-2015 (2014); and the Pacific complementary proper planning and budgeting and development agenda in Asia-Pacific led report to the World Bank’s 2014 World the use of budget support for SDG by the ESCAP/ADB/UNDP regional Development Report. All of these implementation; capacity building partnership. The latest consultations reports suggest that issues of inequality, and successive planning; using simple will feed into the next ESCAP/ADB/ exclusion, hardship and vulnerability language; building and sustaining UNDP Asia Pacific Regional MDG need to be taken into consideration capacity in data collection/analyses and Report (2014/15) on the Means of when considering progress on the utilization; attention to the basics such Implementation. MDGs in the Pacific. For example, 25% as infrastructure and social services; Recognizing that the international of people in the Pacific still live below properly analysing aspects of growth – community is at the threshold of their national poverty line and over inclusivity, vulnerable groups in society, finalizing an ambitious new post-2015 20% of people are living in hardship. social protection, etc. There are particular concerns as well development agenda, the consultation A specific lesson from the MDGs in on NCDs and violence against women. has two broad aims: 1) To take stock the Pacific is the need to not only Gender equality was particularly flagged of progress towards the MDGs in address the symptoms but rather the by Cook Islands, which found that the Pacific, including successes and root causes of structural inequalities women headed households are still challenges; 2) To explore how the underpinning poor development. To do more vulnerable to poverty and men future development agenda that will so may require an alternative model of still outnumber women in senior level succeed the MDGs can best meet the development other than a conventional positions and in full-time employment. needs and aspirations of the PICs and “growth” model, to one that puts the NCDs and its impact on household and people of the region. humans at the centre and is linked to government budgets were illustrated by justice. This may also be facilitated by Tonga. reconnecting with values expressed in

159 the Millennium Declaration. – from all sources – will be vital to other SDGs. Climate change links to ensure further progress for all people of vulnerability and opportunities. Climate Specific points were raised about the the region. change in the Pacific is not only about means of implementation. In the Pacific sea level rise, but about rainfall and there was limited direct funding to Key Pacific regional strategies have been fresh water, oceans and disasters. countries to achieve MDG targets and linked to global declarations over the global and regional funding mechanisms past decade—and this approach has Contextualizing is also important were not easy to access. Coordination continued with the SIDS Accelerated for creating ownership, which was of donor support was also lacking. On Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway. marked as one of the key elements the technology side the relevance and In addition, the Pacific region already for performance against the SDGs. sustainability (such as maintenance has a number of existing mechanisms Without national ownership and costs) of technology were obstacles and frameworks that are linked to the political will, progress against the in their role as contributor to MDG SDGs that can facilitate implementation, SDGs is less likely, as was one of the achievement. Capacities, including particularly the Framework for Pacific lessons from the MDGs. Ownership statistical capacities, have been stretched Regionalism and the Forum Compact at the local level is also important, and further tailoring of capacity building on Strengthening Development and pro-active efforts will need to be initiatives to the national level is needed. Coordination. made to raise awareness and “localize” Finally, for trade the cost of compliance the new agenda. Inclusive, equitable The SDGs have been constructed as versus the benefits received from trade and sustainable development cannot an integrated approach, as sustainable agreements was questioned for the occur without a participatory approach development interventions cannot Pacific. involving local government, private be put in an economic, social and/or sector and civil society. Collaboration environmental box. Examples of nexus and partnerships are essential, including issues are water and energy, which III. The new post-2015 agenda at the local level. are particularly difficult to delineate as While these lessons from MDG environmental, social or economic Contextualizing also means alignment implementation in the Pacific remain issues. Both link to health, food security, with national development plans and relevant, the post-2015 agenda will industry, agricultural production and strategies, as well as with regional constitute a much more comprehensive environmental health with ‘access’ being activities. It should also include the and integrated agenda. If anything, the more of a social issue. coordination of country resources and SDGs are universal and will apply to donor assistance. For the implementation of the SDGs, all countries, regardless of the level of there are unique regional and national It was noted that capacities of the region development contexts which need to be taken into to deliver on the SDGs are inadequate PNG, Nauru and Palau played an account. The Pacific has not only unique to meet the level of ambition. Building active role in the intergovernmental structural challenges with respect to on existing work related to SDGs Open Working Group that designed economic development, but also a activities will therefore be essential. the SDGs, in particular advocating unique environment, culture and social There is no need to “start from scratch” for a stand-alone goal on Oceans context. The need to contextualize in building capacities to address the (proposed SDG14). With 17 goals and the goals in the regional, sub-regional post-2015 development agenda. 169 associated targets, participants and national context was therefore Work done towards the MDGs and expressed concern over the breadth highlighted. other national development planning and complexity of the goals and targets, processes, coupled with the human The Pacific region faces particular noting the challenge is to identify rights based approach to development challenges in the context of climate priorities and make the post-2015 provides a significant foundation. “Use change, and as such, SDG13 on climate agenda achievable for Pacific countries. what we have, and enhance what we change is important for all of the Ownership and national leadership will have.” be critical. Given the level of aspiration of the new goals, making the best use of resources for development

160 IV. Means of Implementation are there globally, the availability of increase the overall volume of exports. domestic fiscal resources in Pacific In addition, the cost of compliance for Finance Islands is severely constrained: there is free trade agreements is often higher Sustainable development cannot limited scope to increase tax revenue than the benefits for Pacific Islands. be considered without considering because of narrow economic base, Although access to technology financing. Financing is not only about weak tax governance, and very small seemed to have increased overall ODA, but also about communications, if not the total absence of the private (especially mobile phone technology), energy, trade, remittances, private sector. Therefore, for most Pacific there remain a lot of issues to sector, revenue from natural resources, SIDS, ODA will remain important technology transfer and usage. For climate change adaptation funds and necessitating the importance of example, there is little in-country private savings. Financing is also about strengthening development and aid capacity to maintain and repair new fostering commitment at the national, effectiveness. technologies or to even assess their community and individual level to invest The role of the private sector as an relevance and suitability for the in the future. engine for growth and leveraging was country’s needs. It was suggested in For the region it will be important to highlighted. However, how to engage order to increase capacities, technical rearticulate development finance in a small, medium and large enterprises training needs to be brought to the changed development landscape and has not been approached systematically. country, rather than the country sending move towards a financing framework Private sector development should its people abroad. Potential was also that includes public and private, be promoted but the context of each noted for the regional level to tackle domestic and international sources of country needs to be taken into account. some of the trade and technology financing. There is declining availability Clear oversight and regulatory function challenges. of ODA but there are other sustainable must be there: the interest for common Statistics sources of development finance such good vis-a-vis private incentives must as government revenues, including be ensured at the outset of any Sustainable development requires sovereign wealth funds and private public-private partnership contracts. integrated planning, management and sources. monitoring across sectors. Many of the Trade and technology individual goals will require cooperation Financing needs are huge with the Trade and technology can be important of a wide spectrum of ministries and more ambitious agenda and there are enablers for development. They were stakeholders. Monitoring of the SDGs global public and private funds that can recognized as such for the MDGs and will also not only need to involve the be made available for use. However, both included under MDG 8 on the national statistical offices, but the whole current financing and investment global partnership for development, national statistical system, in particular patterns would not deliver sustainable although to a limited extend. MDG line ministries. development – investment returns on 8 is probably also one of the most sustainable development are not as Countries expressed concerns about criticized for its lack of measurability attractive as other opportunities and the statistical capacities needed to and accountability. It was created as governments are unable to mobilize monitor the SDGs. Monitoring and an enabler for the achievement of adequate financing to undertake reporting on the MDGs was already the other goals, but didn’t live up to public investments. In the Pacific, and a challenge for many. Disaggregation expectations. elsewhere, there is a need to consider and quality of data were some of the aligning private incentives with goals for The trade and technology targets issues encountered. Currently, there the public good to direct private finance included in the SDGs are of varying are inadequate investments and financial to sustainable development investments degree of relevance for the Pacific. For resources for national statistical systems through policy and regulatory example, in the past decade, the failure - essential elements to acquire the tools environment. to reap the gains from trade are mainly for conducting work and maintaining a due to supply, rather than demand skilled and motivated work force. For the new agenda there will be and a solution would be to move up competition between goals for The production of data is important, the value added chain rather than to resources. While the financial means but so, too, is the utilization of data

161 to inform policy and enhance service these existing regional development When strengthening capacities Pacific delivery of development efforts. In the frameworks must be built upon and Island Countries should concentrate Pacific, there is a need to get value- enhanced. In this context, goals and on existing institutions and national for- money in data collection. In this targets must be contextualized to the development plans. regard, the fewer, simpler and more Pacific Region, and localized. • Participation and inclusion: Pacific streamlined the indicators of the SDGs, Islands need to actively engage with the better. people by embedding participation as a V. Key messages and next steps It was recognized that robust inclusive principle for the realization of the post- and transparent monitoring is essential To achieve the sustainable development 2015 development agenda. for accountability. Statistics form goals in the Pacific, there is a need for • Culture: Utilizing cultural values the foundation for making decisions early contextualization and localization and culturally sensitive approaches in related to sustainable development. of goals. the Pacific can mediate and improve It provides citizens and governments • Contextualizing the Sustainable development outcomes by providing with information on progress toward Development Goals for the Pacific: a space where opportunities for development commitments, identifies From the Millennium Development education, gender equality and gaps in different areas of sustainable Goals (MDGs), one of the key lessons women’s and girls’ empowerment, development. learned was the importance of adapting environmental sustainability, and durable Accountability and monitoring the agenda to the national and local urbanization can be realized. should not be mistaken for one contexts. With a more comprehensive • Private Sector: Participation from the another. Accountability involves and broad agenda, this will be even private sector will be critical for the participation, equality, and other more important. implementation of the new agenda. elements of the human rights • Localizing the agenda: Pacific Island Governments have a role in putting in based approach to development. Countries perspectives of a localized place the right incentives. At the same Accountability is necessarily linked agenda stresses the critical role of time ethical business practices should to the enabling environment in local governments, diversity of local be promoted, in order to encourage support of development. Monitoring stakeholders, and the need to invest businesses to make contributions and evaluation, however, can raise in capacities and resources at the local towards poverty eradication and performance levels and guide level for implementation, monitoring sustainability. implementation efforts towards and accountability. Early localization • Civil Society: The diversity of civil transformative change. of SDGs will also avoid delays in society in the Pacific Island Countries In the Pacific, there are strong regional implementation. Ownership, including can create an enabling environment mechanisms in play to consolidate at the local level, national leadership and that will strengthen the impact and trust efforts, enhance learning and political will is critical. of multiple stakeholders. By partnering strengthen accountability towards • Capacities and institutions: Pacific with civil society, a space will be created agreed development objectives. In fact, Island countries need transformed that is more inclusive and responsive investments in regional development institutions that highlight the towards the local and global voices of frameworks have already shaped the importance of national-level actors. stakeholders. Civil society can create wider, post-2015 development agenda This post-2015 development agenda strong accountability mechanisms in important ways. To ensure a robust should take into account a diversity of that can be used to measure effort towards achieving sustainable stakeholders with policies and actions implementation. development goals, including the derived from a specific national context. post-2015 development agenda,

162 • Production of data is as important to inform policy making and improve the delivery of development efforts. There is need for early mapping of available statistics to build useful indicators for tracking progress, monitoring and evaluation. • Adequate financing is vital. This is not only about the amount of funds available and from what sources, but also about effective delivery. • For the Pacific, there are considerable benefits in taking a regional approach, including for statistics for monitoring and reporting. • It will be important to simplify the new agenda and its requirements as much as possible and align it with and build on existing efforts and structures. • There is a need for support from development partners for the contextualization, localization, implementation and monitoring of the new agenda.

163 Abbott, David (2012). Samoa: Analysis ADB (2008). Cook Islands 2008 Social of the 2008 Household Income and and Economic Report, Equity in Devel- Expenditure Survey. Available from opment. Available from http://www. http://www.undp.org.ws/Portals/12/ adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2008/ News%20Room/Publications/Pover- cook-islands-economic-report-2008. ty%20Report/SAM_Poverty_Analy- pdf. sis_Report_Final_280310.pdf

Cook Islands, Ministry of Education ______(2012). Tonga: Analysis (2011a). Cook Islands Ministry of of the 2009 Household Income and Education, End of Decade Report, May Expenditure Survey. http://www. 2011. Available from http://www.ed- undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/files/ ucation.gov.ck/attachments/article/558/ Tonga_Poverty_Report.pdf EMP%202010%20report%20final.pdf.

______(2012). Tuvalu: Analysis ______, Office of the Prime of the 2010 Household Income and Minister (2011c). The Cook Islands Te Expenditure Survey. http://www. Kaveinga Nui, National Sustainable De- undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/files/ velopment Plan, 2011-2015. Available Tuvalu_Poverty_Report.pdf from http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/ docs/nsdp_2011-2015.pdf.

______(2010). Kiribati Analysis of the 2006 Household Income and Ex- ______, Office of the Prime penditure Survey. Available from http:// Minister (2011d). Cook Islands Second www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/ National Communication under the files/Kiribati_Poverty_Report.pdf United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change. Available from http://www.environment.gov.ck/attach- ______(2008a). Federated States ments/article/48/Second%20Nation- of Micronesia: Analysis of the 2005 al%20Communication%20pages%20 Household Income and Expenditure 1-30.pdf. Survey. FSM, Office of Statistics, Budget and Economic Management, Overseas Development Assistance, and Compact ______, Office of the Prime Min- Management and UNDP Pacific Centre. ister (2010). National Millennium De- Available from http://www.undppc.org. velopment Goals Report, Cook Islands, fj/_resources/article/files/FSM.pdf. 2010. Available from http://www. undp.org.ws/Portals/12/News%20 Room/Publications/MDG%20Report/ ______(2008b). Palau Analysis of MDG%202010-CKI.pdf. the 2006 Household Income and Ex- penditure Survey. Available from http:// www.undppc.org.fj/_resources/article/ Fiji (2014). Global AIDS Response files/UNDPPC%20Palau%20Report.pdf Progress Report 2014. Available from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ country/documents/FJ_narrative_re- ______(2008c). Solomon Islands: port_2015.pdf. Analysis of the 2005/06 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Available from http://www.undppc.org. ______(2013). The Ministry of fj/_resources/article/files/solomon%20 Health Annual Report 2013. Available report%20final%20LOW.pdf from http://www.health.gov.fj/files/re- ports/Annual%20Report%202013.pdf BIBLIOGRAPHY

164 ______(2010). Millennium ______(2012). Government of ______(2009). Millennium Development Goals 2nd Report, 1990- Nauru Millennium Development Goals Development Goals Second National 2009 Report for the Fiji Islands. Avail- Nauru Progress Report 1990-2011. Progress Summary Report 2009 for able from http://www.undp.org.fj/pdf/ Available from http://www.fj.undp.org/ Papua New Guinea. PNG Department Millennium%20%20Development%20 content/dam/fiji/docs/nauru_mdg_re- of National Planning and Monitoring. Goals.pdf port_2011.pdf Available from http://www.undp.org.pg/ docs/publications/EXECUTIVE_SUM- MARY_MDG_report.pdf FSM, Department of Health and Social Niue (2007). Niue Millennium Devel- Affairs (2014). Global AIDS Response opment Goals 2007 Report. Available Progress Report 2014. Available from from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ Parakoti, Ben and Tim Davie (2007). http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ upload/Niue/Niue%20MDG%202007. National Integrated Water Resource country/documents/FSM_narrative_re- pdf Management Diagnostic Report: Cook port_2015.pdf. Islands, SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 635, November 2007. Available from

______(2004). Poverty in Niue http://www.pacificwater.org/userfiles/ ______, Office of Statistics, The Analysis, Report Based on the file/GEF%20IWRM%20Final%20Docs/ Budget and Economic Management, 2002 Household Income and Expen- MR0635CI.pdf. Overseas Development Assistance, diture Survey. Available from http:// and Compact Management (2010). www.spc.int/prism/Country/NU/stats/ Millennium Development Goals & The Reports/Poverty/Poverty%20in%20 Republic of the Marshall Islands (2014). Federated States of Micronesia: Status Niue%20Part1.pdf Global AIDS Progress Report 2014: Report 2010. Available from http:// Republic of the Marshall Islands. www.undp.org.fj/pdf/MDG%20Report/ Available from http://www.unaids.org/ FSM_MDG.pdf. Palau (2014). Global AIDS Response sites/default/files/country/documents/ Progress Report 2014. Available from RMI_narrative_report_2015.pdf. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/ Kiribati (2014). Global AIDS Response files/country/documents/PALAU_narra- Progress Kiribati Country Progress Re- tive_report_2015.pdf. ______(2009). Republic of the port 2014. Available from http://www. Marshall Islands, Millennium Devel- unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/ opment Goals Progress Report 2009. documents/KI_narrative_report_2015. ______(2008). The Millennium Available from http://www.undp.org. pdf. Development Goals: Initial Status Re- fj/components/com_publications/pdfs/ port, Republic of Palau 2008. Available Marshall%20Islands%20MDG%20Re- from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ port%2020091259784707.pdf ______(2010). Kiribati Nation- upload/Palau/Palau_MDG_2008.eng.pdf al Assessment Report for MSI+5. Available from http://www.sidsnet. Samoa (2014). Global AIDS Response org/msi_5/docs/nars/Pacific/Kiriba- Papua New Guinea (2014). Global Progress Report 2014. Available from ti-MSI-NAR2009.pdf AIDS Response Progress Report 2014. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ Available from http://www.unaids.org/ country/documents/SAMOA_narra- sites/default/files/country/documents/ tive_report_2015.pdf. ______(2007). Republic of PNG_narrative_report_2015.pdf. Kiribati Millennium Development Goals 2007. Available from http://planipolis. ______(2010a). Millennium iiep.unesco.org/upload/Kiribati/Kiriba- ______(2010). Millennium Development Goals: Second Progress ti_MDG_2007.eng.pdf Development Goals Second Nation- Report 2010. Available from http:// al Progress Comprehensive Report www.mof.gov.ws/Portals/195/Services/ for Papua New Guinea 2010. PNG Aid%20Coordination/mdg_report.pdf Nauru (2014). Global AIDS Response Department of National Planning and Progress Report 2014. Available from Monitoring. Available from http://www. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/ ______(2004). Millennium country/documents/NAU_narrative_re- MDG/english/MDG%20Country%20 Development Goals: First Progress port_2015.pdf. Reports/Papua%20New%20Guinea/ Report 2004. Available from http:// MDG%20PNG%20COMPRE- www.un.int/wcm/webdav/site/samoa/ HENSIVE%20REPORT%202010_ shared/.../1123735453.docdress Proof_6%20Change_1Feb2012revLB. pdf

165 Secretariat of the Pacific Community ______(2007c). National Inte- World Bank (2011). Republic of Fiji (2012). 2011 HIV Epidemiological grated Water Management Diagnostic Poverty Trends, Profiles and Small Area Update: Pacific Island Countries & Report: Samoa. Available from http:// Estimation (Poverty Maps) in Republic of Territories. Available from http:// www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/ Fiji (2003-2009). Available from https:// www.spc.int/hiv/index.php?op- Countries/Samoa/84.pdf openknowledge.worldbank.org/han- tion=com_docman&task=doc_down- dle/10986/2791 load&gid=511&Itemid=148 SOPAC (2007d). National Integrated Water Management Diagnostic Report: Whalan, Jeni (2010). Background Paper ______(2010). Tuberculo- Vanuatu. Available from http://www. Prepared for the Education for All Glob- sis Surveillance in the Pacific Island sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/Countries/ al Monitoring Report 2011 The Hidden Countries and Territories, 2010 Report. Vanuatu/29a.pdf Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education: Available from http://www.spc.int/tb/ Education for All: Solomon Islands. en/publications/doc_download/80-tu- Available from http://unsw.academia. berculosis-surveillancein-the-pacific-is- Tonga (2014). Global AIDS Progress edu/JeniWhalan/Papers/525031/Educa- land-countries-and-territories-2010 Report 2014. Available from http:// tion_for_All_Solomon_Islands www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/coun- try/documents/TONGA_narrative_re- Sharma, Kanhaiya L. (2008). Public port_2015.pdf. WHO (2011). Western Pacific Country Sector Downsizing in the Cook Islands: Health Information Profiles: 2011 Revi- Some Experience and Lessons, South sion. Available from http://www.wpro. Pacific Studies Vol.28, No. 2, 2008. ______, Ministry of Finance and who.int/health_information_evidence/ Available from http://cpi.kagoshima-u. National Planning (2010). 2nd National documents/CHIPS2011.pdf ac.jp/publications/southpacificstudies/ Millennium Development Goals Report. sps/sps28-2/SouthPacificStudies28(2) Available from http://www.undp.org.fj/ pp69-85.pdf. pdf/Tonga_MDG.pdf

Solomon Islands (2014). Global AIDS Tuvalu (2014). Global AIDS Progress Progress Report 2014: Solomon Report 2014. Available from http:// Islands. Available from http://www. www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/ country/documents/TUV_narrative_re- documents/SI_narrative_report_2015. port_2015.pdf. pdf.

______(2011). Tuvalu Millennium ______(2010). Millennium De- Development Goals Progress Report velopment Goals Progress Report for 2010/2011. Available from http://www. Solomon Islands 2010. Available from undp.org.fj/pdf/MDG%20Report/ http://www.undp.org/content/dam/fiji/ MDG(tuvalu)%20web.pdf docs/Final_SI_MDG.pdf

Vanuatu (2014). Global AIDS Progress SOPAC (2007a). National Integrated Report 2014. Available from http:// Water Management Diagnostic Report: www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ Fiji. Available http://ict.sopac.org/VirLib/ country/documents/VAN_narrative_re- MR0637.pdf port_2015.pdf.

______(2007b). National Inte- ______(2010). Millennium grated Water Management Diagnostic Development Goals 2010 Report for Report: Kiribati. Available from http:// Vanuatu. Available from [http://www. www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/ ausaid.gov.au/countries/pacific/vanuatu/ Countries/Kiribati/38.pdf Documents/vanuatumdg-report-2010. pdf

166