Editorial

مجله داخل پروازی هواپیمایی ماهان -In the name of God- شماره 101

Welcome on board. It is a great pleasure having you experience our services today. Mahan Air introduced to aviation industry in 1992 and we are extremely so proud of steadily growing our Mahan Inflight Magazine No. 101 presence and services over the past 25 years and look forward to exciting years ahead to continue

service and hospitality in the global airline industry competition. invest in new aircrafts and new routes with speci�ic focus on offering the highest standards of We consider Mahan Air contribution to the border community across Iran and other places in the Proprietor: Mahan Air Co. approximately 5.6 60 Editor-in-Chief: Seyed Mojtaba Binazir newworld Airbus where and we Boeing are well aircrafts positioned from Tehran to make hub a realto more difference than 54 with routes providing inside Iran frequent and 53 �light routes of million passengers per year. Today, Mahan Air operates a �leet of more than Central Office: internationally across Europe, Asia, Middle East, Far East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). 4th Floor, Mahan Air Tower, Azadegan St., Karaj High- way, Tehran,Iran To join Mahan Air Frequent Flyer program, a loyalty program offered to our customers to enjoy a P.O.Box: 14515411 range of exclusive privileges and courtesy services (including: lounge access, check-in priority, Tel: 021-48381752 increased baggage allowance, guaranteed award seats and more) kindly collect the application start collecting miles with the temporary card and take the advantages. For more information, Advertisement: forms available at Mahan Air check-in counter or even on-board during your �light and immediately Agency: Eama Naghshineh In addition to facilitate the check in process, Mahan air provided web check in (online check- in) Tel: (+9821) 24843 Please visit (www.mahan.aero) to learn about the card bene�its and services. service at Sari, Kerman, Qeshm, Shiraz and Ahwaz airports. This service will be operational at all Fax: (+9821) 22024022 stations alternatively. Cellphone: 09121129144 Email: [email protected] direct international routes - from the beginning of -2016 particularly to the European countries. In Following of increasing and expanding the �light route network, we as Mahan air, established new

this regard, we commenced direct �lights from Tehran to Moscow, Kiev, Milan & Munich. In addition, MahanWe are aircontinually new direct striving �lights toto provideParis, Copenhagen high quality & serviceAthens haveto every been one launched of our valuedrecently. passengers. Hearing your ideas and feedback on what we do well and where we need to improve is fundamental CONTENTS to this. You can provide your feedback – good or bad – quickly and easily through the “Feedback Tourism We would like to thank you over and over for your continued support of Mahan and our services. Touring Iran: Lake Urmia, Poets' Mausoleum in Tabriz 4 Form” on board. The crew will be handing out these forms, during your �light. Iran’s Handicrafts 10 trained and shares a passion for ensuring your journey is as comfortable as possible. Please sit back and enjoy our renowned Persian hospitality. Our crew is friendly, professional & Around the World: World’s Beautiful Squares 14 Entertainment Thank you once again for choosing to fly Mahan Air. World Movies: 2017 Oscar Nominations 18 Health: The Benefit of Orange Peels 24 Fun Story: The Ninny 26 Kids' Story: World Records! 28 Crossword Puzzle 31 Website: www.mahan.aero Telegram.me/mahanairchannel Instagram.com/fly_mahanair Editorial

مجله داخل پروازی هواپیمایی ماهان -In the name of God- شماره 101

Welcome on board. It is a great pleasure having you experience our services today. Mahan Air introduced to aviation industry in 1992 and we are extremely so proud of steadily growing our Mahan Inflight Magazine No. 101 presence and services over the past 25 years and look forward to exciting years ahead to continue

service and hospitality in the global airline industry competition. invest in new aircrafts and new routes with speci�ic focus on offering the highest standards of We consider Mahan Air contribution to the border community across Iran and other places in the Proprietor: Mahan Air Co. approximately 5.6 60 Editor-in-Chief: Seyed Mojtaba Binazir newworld Airbus where and we Boeing are well aircrafts positioned from Tehran to make hub a realto more difference than 54 with routes providing inside Iran frequent and 53 �light routes of million passengers per year. Today, Mahan Air operates a �leet of more than Central Office: internationally across Europe, Asia, Middle East, Far East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). 4th Floor, Mahan Air Tower, Azadegan St., Karaj High- way, Tehran,Iran To join Mahan Air Frequent Flyer program, a loyalty program offered to our customers to enjoy a P.O.Box: 14515411 range of exclusive privileges and courtesy services (including: lounge access, check-in priority, Tel: 021-48381752 increased baggage allowance, guaranteed award seats and more) kindly collect the application start collecting miles with the temporary card and take the advantages. For more information, Advertisement: forms available at Mahan Air check-in counter or even on-board during your �light and immediately Agency: Eama Naghshineh In addition to facilitate the check in process, Mahan air provided web check in (online check- in) Tel: (+9821) 24843 Please visit (www.mahan.aero) to learn about the card bene�its and services. service at Sari, Kerman, Qeshm, Shiraz and Ahwaz airports. This service will be operational at all Fax: (+9821) 22024022 stations alternatively. Cellphone: 09121129144 Email: [email protected] direct international routes - from the beginning of -2016 particularly to the European countries. In Following of increasing and expanding the �light route network, we as Mahan air, established new

this regard, we commenced direct �lights from Tehran to Moscow, Kiev, Milan & Munich. In addition, MahanWe are aircontinually new direct striving �lights toto provideParis, Copenhagen high quality & serviceAthens haveto every been one launched of our valuedrecently. passengers. Hearing your ideas and feedback on what we do well and where we need to improve is fundamental CONTENTS to this. You can provide your feedback – good or bad – quickly and easily through the “Feedback Tourism We would like to thank you over and over for your continued support of Mahan and our services. Touring Iran: Lake Urmia, Poets' Mausoleum in Tabriz 4 Form” on board. The crew will be handing out these forms, durinduringg your �light. Iran’s Handicrafts 10 trained and shares a passion for ensuring your journey is as comfortable as possible. Please sit back and enjoy our renowned Persian hospitality. Our crew is friendly, professional & Around the World: World’s Beautiful Squares 14 Entertainment Thank you once again for choosing to fly Mahan Air. World Movies: 2017 Oscar Nominations 18 Health: The Benefit of Orange Peels 24 Fun Story: The Ninny 26 Kids' Story: World Records! 28 Crossword Puzzle 31 Website: www.mahan.aero Telegram.me/mahanairchannel Instagram.com/fly_mahanair Touring Iran Page 4 | No. 101

Lake Urmia

Modern ecology Based on last checklists of biodiversity of Urmai Lake in 2014 and 2016, it is home of A recent drought has 62 species of Archaebacteria and significantly decreased Bacteria, 42 species of Microfungi, the annual amount of water 20 species of Phytoplankton, 311 species the lake receives. This in turn of Plants, 5 species of Mollusca (In rivers has increased the salinity of the of islands), 226 species of Birds, 27 species lake’s water, lowering the lake viability of Amphibians and Reptiles and 24 species of as home to thousands of migratory birds Mammals. Meanwhile, 47 fossils have been including the large flamingo populations. recorded in this habitat. It is an internationally The salinity has particularly increased in the registered protected area as both a UNESCO half of the lake north of the causeway. By Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar site. virtue of its high salinity, the Lake no longer The lake is marked by more than a sustains any fish species. Nonetheless, hundred small, rocky islands, which Lake Urmia is considered a significant serve as stopover points during natural habitat of Artemia, which the migrations of several serve as food source for the Lake Urmia,Daryāche-ye Orūmiye is an endorheic (meaning, “glittering”–a reference to the glittering wild birds including migratory birds such as salt lake in Iranian East Azerbaijan Province, Iran mineral particles suspended in the lake water and flamingos, pelicans, flamingos. and near Iran’s border with Turkey. The lake is found along its shores). In medieval times it came spoonbills, ibises, between the provinces of East and West Azerbaijan to be known as Lake Kabuda (Kabodan), from the storks, shelducks, in Iran, and west of the southern portion of the word for “azure” in Persian. avocets, stilts, Caspian Sea. At its full size, it was the largest lake The Battle of Urmia was fought near the lake and gulls. in the Middle East and the sixth-largest saltwater in 1604 during the Ottoman–Safavid War of lake on Earth with a surface area of approximately 1603–1618. 5,200 km², 140 km length, 55 km width, and 16 m The lake is divided into north and south, separated depth. The lake has shrunk to 10% of its former by a causeway in which a 1.5-kilometer (0.93 mi) size due to damming of the rivers that flow into it gap provides little exchange of water between the and pumping of groundwater from the area. two parts. Due to drought and increased demands Lake Urmia, along with its once approximately 102 for agricultural water in the lake’s basin, the islands, are protected as a national park by the salinity of the lake has risen to more than 300 g/ Iranian Department of Environment. liter during recent years, and large areas of the The lake’s Old Persian name was Chichast lake bed have been desiccated. Touring Iran Page 4 | No. 101

Lake Urmia

Modern ecology Based on last checklists of biodiversity of Urmai Lake in 2014 and 2016, it is home of A recent drought has 62 species of Archaebacteria and significantly decreased Bacteria, 42 species of Microfungi, the annual amount of water 20 species of Phytoplankton, 311 species the lake receives. This in turn of Plants, 5 species of Mollusca (In rivers has increased the salinity of the of islands), 226 species of Birds, 27 species lake’s water, lowering the lake viability of Amphibians and Reptiles and 24 species of as home to thousands of migratory birds Mammals. Meanwhile, 47 fossils have been including the large flamingo populations. recorded in this habitat. It is an internationally The salinity has particularly increased in the registered protected area as both a UNESCO half of the lake north of the causeway. By Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar site. virtue of its high salinity, the Lake no longer The lake is marked by more than a sustains any fish species. Nonetheless, hundred small, rocky islands, which Lake Urmia is considered a significant serve as stopover points during natural habitat of Artemia, which the migrations of several serve as food source for the Lake Urmia,Daryāche-ye Orūmiye is an endorheic (meaning, “glittering”–a reference to the glittering wild birds including migratory birds such as salt lake in Iranian East Azerbaijan Province, Iran mineral particles suspended in the lake water and flamingos, pelicans, flamingos. and near Iran’s border with Turkey. The lake is found along its shores). In medieval times it came spoonbills, ibises, between the provinces of East and West Azerbaijan to be known as Lake Kabuda (Kabodan), from the storks, shelducks, in Iran, and west of the southern portion of the word for “azure” in Persian. avocets, stilts, Caspian Sea. At its full size, it was the largest lake The Battle of Urmia was fought near the lake and gulls. in the Middle East and the sixth-largest saltwater in 1604 during the Ottoman–Safavid War of lake on Earth with a surface area of approximately 1603–1618. 5,200 km², 140 km length, 55 km width, and 16 m The lake is divided into north and south, separated depth. The lake has shrunk to 10% of its former by a causeway in which a 1.5-kilometer (0.93 mi) size due to damming of the rivers that flow into it gap provides little exchange of water between the and pumping of groundwater from the area. two parts. Due to drought and increased demands Lake Urmia, along with its once approximately 102 for agricultural water in the lake’s basin, the islands, are protected as a national park by the salinity of the lake has risen to more than 300 g/ Iranian Department of Environment. liter during recent years, and large areas of the The lake’s Old Persian name was Chichast lake bed have been desiccated. Islands Lake Urmia had approximately 102 islands. Islami Island is the burial place of both Hulaku Islami Island was historically the lake’s largest Khan (one of Genghis Khan’s grandsons) and of island. However, it has become a peninsula Hulaku’s son Abaqa. Both khans were buried in connected to the eastern shore when the lake a castle above 1,000-foot (300 m) the cliffs along level dropped below a certain level. the shore of Islami Island.

Falling level and increasing salinity The highly saline environment is already The lake is a major barrier between heavily rusting the steel on the bridge two of the most important cities in despite anti-corrosion treatment. The Silveh West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan Dam in Piranshahr County has been completed in provinces, Urmia and Tabriz. A project to 2016. Through a tunnel and some canals it will build a highway across the lake was initiated transfer up to 121,700,000 m3 (98,700 acre·ft) in the 1970s but was abandoned after the of water from the Lavin River in the Little Iranian Revolution of 1979, having finished Zab basin to Lake Urmia basin annually. a 15 km causeway with an unbridged gap. The project was revived in the early 2000s, and was completed in November 2008 with the opening of the 1.5 km Urmia Lake Bridge across the remaining gap.

Basin Rivers Lake Urmia is fed by 13 permanent rivers and outflow from the lake so all water is lost through many small springs, as well as rainfall directly evaporation. into the lake. Nearly half the inflow comes There are many popular songs about Lake Urmia from Zarrineh and Simineh Rivers. There is no in Azeri Turkish such as “Urmu Golu Lay Lay” Islands Lake Urmia had approximately 102 islands. Islami Island is the burial place of both Hulaku Islami Island was historically the lake’s largest Khan (one of Genghis Khan’s grandsons) and of island. However, it has become a peninsula Hulaku’s son Abaqa. Both khans were buried in connected to the eastern shore when the lake a castle above 1,000-foot (300 m) the cliffs along level dropped below a certain level. the shore of Islami Island.

Falling level and increasing salinity The highly saline environment is already The lake is a major barrier between heavily rusting the steel on the bridge two of the most important cities in despite anti-corrosion treatment. The Silveh West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan Dam in Piranshahr County has been completed in provinces, Urmia and Tabriz. A project to 2016. Through a tunnel and some canals it will build a highway across the lake was initiated transfer up to 121,700,000 m3 (98,700 acre·ft) in the 1970s but was abandoned after the of water from the Lavin River in the Little Iranian Revolution of 1979, having finished Zab basin to Lake Urmia basin annually. a 15 km causeway with an unbridged gap. The project was revived in the early 2000s, and was completed in November 2008 with the opening of the 1.5 km Urmia Lake Bridge across the remaining gap.

Basin Rivers Lake Urmia is fed by 13 permanent rivers and outflow from the lake so all water is lost through many small springs, as well as rainfall directly evaporation. into the lake. Nearly half the inflow comes There are many popular songs about Lake Urmia from Zarrineh and Simineh Rivers. There is no in Azeri Turkish such as “Urmu Golu Lay Lay” Page 8 | No. 101 Mausoleum of Poets in Tabriz Maqbarat-o- Shoara or the Mausoleum of Poets is Shahriar was the last poet that was laid to rest in located in Sorkhab district of Tabriz in East Azarbaijan Maqbarat-o-Shoara and the only one who said province. poems both in Persian and Turkish. Maqbarat-o- Shoara is more than a cemetery and The death and subsequent burial of Shahriar can be considered a literary complex. Previously, enhanced the profile of Maqbarat-o-Shoara and it has also been known as Hazirat o shoara, made it a must-see tourist attraction of Tabriz. Hazirat o lghozat and Sorkhab Cemetery. It was built by The mausoleum of Shahriar is located in the middle Tahmaseb Dolatshahi in the mid 1970s while he was of the complex at a height of 30 meters. the Secretary of Arts and Cultures of East Azarbaijan. Construction operations started in 1972 and was The precise date of its establishment is not known. completed in 1982. Tabriz Municipality currently The mausoleum was first mentioned by Hamdollah manages the mausoleum. On the east side of Mostowfi in his Nozhat ol-Gholoub. Some 400 poets, Sayyed Hamzeh’s grave and Ghaem Magham’s grave, mystics and luminaries of Iran and the region have there is a graveyard containing the graves of some been laid to rest there. The first poet buried in this important poets, mystics, scientists and well-known complex was Asadi Tusi(999-1072). people of Tabriz.

Asadi Tusi (999-1072) - poet Qatran Tabrizi (1009-1072) - poet Anvari Abivardi (1126-1189) - poet Khaqani (1122-1190) - poet Mojireddin Bilaqani (d. 1190) - poet Zahireddin Faryabi (d. 1202) - poet Shapur Nishapuri (d. 1204) - poet Shamseddin Sojasi (d. 1206) - poet Notable Zulfaqar Shervani (d. 1290) - poet Homam Tabrizi (1238-1314) - poet Burials Nasrollah Tabib (d. 1339) - calligrapher Assar Tabrizi (1325-1390) - poet Maghrebi Tabrizi (1348-1406) - poet Mani Shirazi (d. 1507) - poet Lesani Shirazi (d. 1533) - poet Shakibi Tabrizi (d. 1564) - poet Mirza Issa Farahani (d. 1822) - vizier of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar and Abbas Mirza Aziz Khan Mukri (d. 1870) - army general Seqqat ol-Eslam Tabrizi (1861-1911) - Persian constitutional activist Taher Tabrizi (1888-1976) - calligrapher Mohammad-Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (Shahriar) (1906-1988) - poet Mahmoud Melmasi (Azarm) (1917-1991) - poet Aziz Dowlatabadi (Darvish) (1922-2009) – poet Page 8 | No. 101 Mausoleum of Poets in Tabriz Maqbarat-o- Shoara or the Mausoleum of Poets is Shahriar was the last poet that was laid to rest in located in Sorkhab district of Tabriz in East Azarbaijan Maqbarat-o-Shoara and the only one who said province. poems both in Persian and Turkish. Maqbarat-o- Shoara is more than a cemetery and The death and subsequent burial of Shahriar can be considered a literary complex. Previously, enhanced the profile of Maqbarat-o-Shoara and it has also been known as Hazirat o shoara, made it a must-see tourist attraction of Tabriz. Hazirat o lghozat and Sorkhab Cemetery. It was built by The mausoleum of Shahriar is located in the middle Tahmaseb Dolatshahi in the mid 1970s while he was of the complex at a height of 30 meters. the Secretary of Arts and Cultures of East Azarbaijan. Construction operations started in 1972 and was The precise date of its establishment is not known. completed in 1982. Tabriz Municipality currently The mausoleum was first mentioned by Hamdollah manages the mausoleum. On the east side of Mostowfi in his Nozhat ol-Gholoub. Some 400 poets, Sayyed Hamzeh’s grave and Ghaem Magham’s grave, mystics and luminaries of Iran and the region have there is a graveyard containing the graves of some been laid to rest there. The first poet buried in this important poets, mystics, scientists and well-known complex was Asadi Tusi(999-1072). people of Tabriz.

Asadi Tusi (999-1072) - poet Qatran Tabrizi (1009-1072) - poet Anvari Abivardi (1126-1189) - poet Khaqani (1122-1190) - poet Mojireddin Bilaqani (d. 1190) - poet Zahireddin Faryabi (d. 1202) - poet Shapur Nishapuri (d. 1204) - poet Shamseddin Sojasi (d. 1206) - poet Notable Zulfaqar Shervani (d. 1290) - poet Homam Tabrizi (1238-1314) - poet Burials Nasrollah Tabib (d. 1339) - calligrapher Assar Tabrizi (1325-1390) - poet Maghrebi Tabrizi (1348-1406) - poet Mani Shirazi (d. 1507) - poet Lesani Shirazi (d. 1533) - poet Shakibi Tabrizi (d. 1564) - poet Mirza Issa Farahani (d. 1822) - vizier of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar and Abbas Mirza Aziz Khan Mukri (d. 1870) - army general Seqqat ol-Eslam Tabrizi (1861-1911) - Persian constitutional activist Taher Tabrizi (1888-1976) - calligrapher Mohammad-Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (Shahriar) (1906-1988) - poet Mahmoud Melmasi (Azarm) (1917-1991) - poet Aziz Dowlatabadi (Darvish) (1922-2009) – poet Page 10 | No. 101

Persian Wood Inlaying (Wood & Brass Inlaying on Copper Dishes) Iran Handicrafts Persian Wood Inlaying consists of the production of incrustation patterns (generally star shaped), with thin and sticks of wood, brass and camel bones. Ivory, gold or silver can also be used for collection objects. Sticks are Carpet Industry assembled in triangular beams, glued in a strict order to create a cylinder, whose cross-section is the main motif: From a long time ago Iranian handicrafts’ reputation has a six-branch star included in a hexagon been echoed across the world. Iran possesses one of the and then plated and glued on the most diverse handicraft industries of the world, covering 24 object to be decorated, before lacquer major categories and about 370 subcategories. The major finishing. Iranian handicrafts categories include:

Enameled (Minakari) Handicrafts (Dishes, Plates, Vases) Persian Miniature Handicrafts (Jewelry & Accessory Box) Minakari is a kind of historical A Persian Miniature is a small handmade Iranian art through which the artist oil painting on paper or more colors and ornaments the surface importantly on pieces of camel bone. of some metals by fusing briliant The techniques are broadly comparable colors that are decorated in an to the Western and Byzantine traditions intricate design over it. Minakari of miniatures in illuminated manuscripts. is one of the most distinguished The bright and pure coloring of the courses of art in Isfahan, Iran. Persian miniature is one of its most Persian Enameled handicrafts can striking features. The workshop tradition be used as wall hanging plates, and division of labor within both types home decors and candy dishes. of miniature complicates the attribution of paintings. Some are inscribed with the name of the artist, sometimes as part of the picture itself. Turquoise Stone Inlaying (on Copper Containers) Persian Accessories & Jewelry (Genuine Silver & Stone Jewelry) Turquoise Inlaying on containers such as Iran (Persia) possesses an copper gives the object a special glamor extraordinary treasure of royal silver and specifies it from other objects and gold jewelry, including a copious in a mysterious way. The production amount of pearl from the Persian of Turquoise Inlaying includes two Gulf. The Iranian crown jewels are general stages, the first of which is the among the largest, most dazzling jewel “Goldsmith” stage, “where the making collection in the world. The jewels are and preparation of the object intended displayed in the vaults of the Central for Turquoise Inlaying happens using Bank of Iran in Tehran, and are of the one type of metal”. Then “Turquoise most appealing tourist attractions in Inlaying” where “the inlayer buys Iran. Aqiq (Quartz) is also exported waste turquoise chips & uses them to from Iran to various countries make each Turquoise Inlaying object in including the Indian subcontinent. proportion to the surface area”.

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Persian Wood Inlaying (Wood & Brass Inlaying on Copper Dishes) Iran Handicrafts Persian Wood Inlaying consists of the production of incrustation patterns (generally star shaped), with thin and sticks of wood, brass and camel bones. Ivory, gold or silver can also be used for collection objects. Sticks are Carpet Industry assembled in triangular beams, glued in a strict order to create a cylinder, whose cross-section is the main motif: From a long time ago Iranian handicrafts’ reputation has a six-branch star included in a hexagon been echoed across the world. Iran possesses one of the and then plated and glued on the most diverse handicraft industries of the world, covering 24 object to be decorated, before lacquer major categories and about 370 subcategories. The major finishing. Iranian handicrafts categories include:

Enameled (Minakari) Handicrafts (Dishes, Plates, Vases) Persian Miniature Handicrafts (Jewelry & Accessory Box) Minakari is a kind of historical A Persian Miniature is a small handmade Iranian art through which the artist oil painting on paper or more colors and ornaments the surface importantly on pieces of camel bone. of some metals by fusing briliant The techniques are broadly comparable colors that are decorated in an to the Western and Byzantine traditions intricate design over it. Minakari of miniatures in illuminated manuscripts. is one of the most distinguished The bright and pure coloring of the courses of art in Isfahan, Iran. Persian miniature is one of its most Persian Enameled handicrafts can striking features. The workshop tradition be used as wall hanging plates, and division of labor within both types home decors and candy dishes. of miniature complicates the attribution of paintings. Some are inscribed with the name of the artist, sometimes as part of the picture itself. Turquoise Stone Inlaying (on Copper Containers) Persian Accessories & Jewelry (Genuine Silver & Stone Jewelry) Turquoise Inlaying on containers such as Iran (Persia) possesses an copper gives the object a special glamor extraordinary treasure of royal silver and specifies it from other objects and gold jewelry, including a copious in a mysterious way. The production amount of pearl from the Persian of Turquoise Inlaying includes two Gulf. The Iranian crown jewels are general stages, the first of which is the among the largest, most dazzling jewel “Goldsmith” stage, “where the making collection in the world. The jewels are and preparation of the object intended displayed in the vaults of the Central for Turquoise Inlaying happens using Bank of Iran in Tehran, and are of the one type of metal”. Then “Turquoise most appealing tourist attractions in Inlaying” where “the inlayer buys Iran. Aqiq (Quartz) is also exported waste turquoise chips & uses them to from Iran to various countries make each Turquoise Inlaying object in including the Indian subcontinent. proportion to the surface area”.

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Persian Tapestry Handicrafts (Cotton Textile Printed Tablecloth) Gabbeh & Qilim Rugs (Handmade Wool Persian Rug) Ghalamkar fabric is a type of Textile Gabbeh is a hand-woven rug printing, patterned Iranian Fabric. characterized by an abstract design that The fabric is printed using patterned relies upon open fields of colors and wooden stamps made of pear wood a playfulness with geometry. Gabbeh which has better flexibility and density is usually crafted by women. Gabbeh for carving and long-standing utility. A carpets are much thicker and coarser tapestry may be stamped depending than other Persian carpets. Gabbehs on its density and size, between are made of natural, handspun wool hundreds and tens of thousands of yarn and all the colors are created with times. natural plant dye. Due to its less precise pattern, small number of knots, Gabbeh is one of the less expensive varieties of Persian carpet.

Persian Termeh Fabric (Fine Luxury Tablecloth) Iranian Carpets and Rugs Termeh is a hand woven colorful With their unique designs and high quality, Persian textile with special patterns mainly carpets occupy a special place in the extensive list Persian Paisley which was originated of Iranian handicraft items, and are highly popular. in Yazd. Weaving Termeh is a sensitive, Recognized as one of the most unique expressions careful and time consuming work of the Persian culture, the carpet-weaving art and a fine weaver could produce finds its root in ancient Persia. Iran’s most valuable only 25-30 centimeters in a day. handicraft, which has a worldwide reputation, is Although nowadays they are not 100% hand-woven carpets and kilim. Persian carpets, due handmade, a well-qualified Termeh to their beautiful design, texture, and fixed color can be woven maximum of 100 cm have their own special privileges, which is unique a day and since there are only a few in the world. Many people, especially women are machines for weaving Termeh, it is involved in this industry, in large and small carpet still an exclusive and costly kind of workshops, scattered throughout Iran. Nomadic tablecloth. women weave a simple kind of carpet in their leisure time called Jajim (coarse). Jajim is softer and Iranian Pottery lighter than kilim. In addition to these, other hand- woven products like cashmere, shawls, and different Pottery is one of the oldest handicrafts cloths are produced in Iran for different uses. Every of Iran and its history goes back to tourist who comes to Iran, wishes to purchase a early Neolithic Age. Of the thousands small carpet, Jajim or kilim. The carpet of every of archeological sites and historic ruins region has its own texture, design and color. Iranian of Iran, almost every single one can be carpet is traditionally handmade from natural found to be filled, at some point, with materials in the span of several months. Depending earthenware of exceptional quality. on where the rug is made, patterns and designs Now, Maybod in Yazd is one of the differ with some variations in textures and number main centers of pottery in Iran. of knots in rugs such as Gabbeh and Kilim. Iranian carpet weavers produce the largest amount of hand- woven carpets across the world; the most wonderful ones in terms of design and color compared to other similar products.

Page 13 | No. 101 Gabbeh & Qilim Rugs (Handmade Wool Persian Rug) Gabbeh is a hand-woven rug characterized by an abstract design that relies upon open fields of colors and a playfulness with geometry. Gabbeh is usually crafted by women. Gabbeh carpets are much thicker and coarser than other Persian carpets. Gabbehs are made of natural, handspun wool yarn and all the colors are created with natural plant dye. Due to its less precise pattern, small number of knots, Gabbeh is one of the less expensive varieties of Persian carpet.

Iranian Carpets and Rugs With their unique designs and high quality, Persian carpets occupy a special place in the extensive list of Iranian handicraft items, and are highly popular. Recognized as one of the most unique expressions of the Persian culture, the carpet-weaving art finds its root in ancient Persia. Iran’s most valuable handicraft, which has a worldwide reputation, is hand-woven carpets and kilim. Persian carpets, due to their beautiful design, texture, and fixed color have their own special privileges, which is unique in the world. Many people, especially women are involved in this industry, in large and small carpet workshops, scattered throughout Iran. Nomadic women weave a simple kind of carpet in their leisure time called Jajim (coarse). Jajim is softer and lighter than kilim. In addition to these, other hand- woven products like cashmere, shawls, and different cloths are produced in Iran for different uses. Every tourist who comes to Iran, wishes to purchase a small carpet, Jajim or kilim. The carpet of every region has its own texture, design and color. Iranian carpet is traditionally handmade from natural materials in the span of several months. Depending on where the rug is made, patterns and designs differ with some variations in textures and number of knots in rugs such as Gabbeh and Kilim. Iranian carpet weavers produce the largest amount of hand- woven carpets across the world; the most wonderful ones in terms of design and color compared to other similar products.

Page 13 | No. 101 Around the World

10 l Squares fu in Whether you call them town ti squares, city squares, urban squares, t u plazas, piazzas, market squares, or public h squares, these open spaces in the heart of a e a community are usually where everyone gathers

e for cultural events or simply to have a cup of coffe.

They'e most often rect angular in shape whit a W

B monument, statue or fountain at the center. Many

exist for thousands of years, but became quite o

t common in 18th-century urban planning. They s

were the location of government buildings, r

l o palaces and town halls, and came to have the city's most monumental architecture. d

These are the ten grandest and most M beautiful of them all:

GRAND PLACE BRUSSELS Brussels may not be the most beautiful of Europe’s capitals, but it does have the world’s most beautiful square. Visitors feel like they’ve stepped into a fairy tale, as this World Heritage square features some stunning architecture, from the 15th to 19th centuries. 1 Around the World

ST. MARK’S SQUARE VENICE 10 Venice’s grandest square is one of the grandest in the world. It’s one of Europe’s most iconic sights, surrounded by arcaded buildings and the ua magnificent St. Mark’s Basilica. It’s also Sq re home to one of Europe’s most historic l s and beautiful cafés, Caffè Florian. fu in 2 Whether you call them town ti squares, city squares, urban squares, t u plazas, piazzas, market squares, or public h squares, these open spaces in the heart of a e a community are usually where everyone gathers e for cultural events or simply to have a cup of coffe.

They'e most often rect angular in shape whit a W OLD TOWN SQUARE

B monument, statue or fountain at the center. Many PRAGUE

exist for thousands of years, but became quite Prague is one of the world’s best- o

t common in 18th-century urban planning. They preserved old cities, and its biggest

s square is a real gem.

were the location of government buildings, r Faced by churches

and a storybook mix of architectural l o palaces and town halls, and came to have d styles, it’s a spectacular place that’s the city's most monumental architecture. inevitably crowded and commercial,

These are the ten grandest and most M but that never loses its magic. 3 beautiful of them all:

GRAND PLACE RED SQUARE BRUSSELS MOSCOW Brussels may not be the most beautiful Now home to Russia’s most iconic of Europe’s capitals, but it does have buildings (the Kremlin and St. Basil’s the world’s most beautiful square. Cathedral), this square was originally Visitors feel like they’ve stepped into a a marketplace. The onion domes, fairy tale, as this World Heritage square towers, and red-brick walls are even features some stunning architecture, more impressive at night. from the 15th to 19th centuries. 1 4

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STANISLAS SQUARE NANCY PALACE SQUARE, ST. It’s in a city you’ve probably never PETERSBURG heard of, a 90-minute train ride from It’s Europe’s largest royal square, Paris. This elegant neoclassical square designed as the center of Imperial is one of the finest examples of Russia. It’s surrounded by monumental European 18th-century architecture, neoclassical buildings and faced by the completed in 1755 when Nancy was magnificent Winter Palace, home to the capital of the dukes of Lorraine. one of the world’s greatest museums, It’s made up of gilded wrought-iron 5 the Hermitage. 8 gateways, rococo fountains, and palatial buildings.

PIAZZA NAVONA PLACE VENDÔME ROME PARIS Rome has many piazzas, but this is Of Paris’ several grand squares, this one its most monumental, and one of the laid out in 1702 is the most beautiful. world’s most beautiful. That’s due to It’s not square or rectangular, it’s an its marvelous display of sculpture, octagon, surrounded by arcaded and especially Bernini’s Fountain of the colonnaded buildings. One of them is Four Rivers, which together with the palatial Ritz hotel, others are some its other fountains and palazzos, of the city’s most luxurious boutiques. makes it a true outdoor museum. 6 At the center is a column topped by an 9 image of Napoleon.

PLAZA MAYOR SALAMANCA GROTE MARKT Many Spanish cities have a “plaza ANTWERP mayor”. They attract locals and The ornate gilded houses that surround tourists, but none is more attractive this square (that’s more like a triangle) than Salamanca’s. It’s a buzzing are enough to make it one of the world’s place, day and night, once used for most beautiful. But there’s also the bullfights, but today as a place to impressive 16th-century Renaissance- relax surrounded by golden 18th- style Town Hall and the monument at century baroque architecture that’s the center to rival even Brussels’ Grand protected by UNESCO as a World 7 Place. Heritage Site together with the surrounding streets.

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STANISLAS SQUARE NANCY PALACE SQUARE, ST. It’s in a city you’ve probably never PETERSBURG heard of, a 90-minute train ride from It’s Europe’s largest royal square, Paris. This elegant neoclassical square designed as the center of Imperial is one of the finest examples of Russia. It’s surrounded by monumental European 18th-century architecture, neoclassical buildings and faced by the completed in 1755 when Nancy was magnificent Winter Palace, home to the capital of the dukes of Lorraine. one of the world’s greatest museums, It’s made up of gilded wrought-iron 5 the Hermitage. 8 gateways, rococo fountains, and palatial buildings.

PIAZZA NAVONA PLACE VENDÔME ROME PARIS Rome has many piazzas, but this is Of Paris’ several grand squares, this one its most monumental, and one of the laid out in 1702 is the most beautiful. world’s most beautiful. That’s due to It’s not square or rectangular, it’s an its marvelous display of sculpture, octagon, surrounded by arcaded and especially Bernini’s Fountain of the colonnaded buildings. One of them is Four Rivers, which together with the palatial Ritz hotel, others are some its other fountains and palazzos, of the city’s most luxurious boutiques. makes it a true outdoor museum. 6 At the center is a column topped by an 9 image of Napoleon.

PLAZA MAYOR SALAMANCA GROTE MARKT Many Spanish cities have a “plaza ANTWERP mayor”. They attract locals and The ornate gilded houses that surround tourists, but none is more attractive this square (that’s more like a triangle) than Salamanca’s. It’s a buzzing are enough to make it one of the world’s place, day and night, once used for most beautiful. But there’s also the bullfights, but today as a place to impressive 16th-century Renaissance- relax surrounded by golden 18th- style Town Hall and the monument at century baroque architecture that’s the center to rival even Brussels’ Grand protected by UNESCO as a World 7 Place. Heritage Site together with the surrounding streets.

Page 17 | No. 101 World Movies Oscars 2017 Nominees Over eight decades of the Oscars from 1927 to 2017

Best Actor Casey AffleckManchester ( by the Sea) Best Animated Feature Film Andrew Garfield (Hacksaw Ridge) Kubo and the Two Strings Ryan Gosling (La La Land) Moana Viggo Mortensen (Captain Fantastic) My Life as a Zucchini Denzel Washington (Fences) The Red Turtle Zootopia Best Supporting Actor Mahershala Ali (Moonlight) Jeff Bridges Hell( or High Water) Best Cinematography Lucas Hedges (Manchester by the Sea) Arrival Dev Patel (Lion) La La Land Michael Shannon (Nocturnal Animals) Lion Moonlight Silence Best Actress Isabelle Huppert (Elle) Ruth Negga (Loving) Natalie Portman (Jackie) Best Visual Effects Emma Stone (La La Land) Deepwater Horizon Meryl Streep (Florence Foster Jenkins) Doctor Strange Best Supporting Actress The Jungle Book Viola Davis (Fences) Kubo and the Two Strings Asqar Farhadi's "The Salesman" Naomie Harris (Moonlight) Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Nicole Kidman (Lion) Nominated for 2017 Oscar Octavia Spencer (Hidden Figures) Michelle Williams (Manchester by the Sea) The Salesman (titled Forushandeh in 2016 Cannes film festival while Hosseini Persian) by well-known filmmaker Asqar grabbed one of the most important Best Foreign Language Film Farhadi was nominated for an Academy awards of the world cinema by winning The Salesman (Iran) Award in the category of Best Foreign the best actor. The film has also received Best Supporting Actress Land of Mine (Denmark) Language Film. a fantastic reception at the Cannes film Viola Davis (Fences) A Man Called Ove (Sweden) The movie portrays Ra’ana (Taraneh festival. Naomie Harris (Moonlight) Tanna (Australia) Alidousti) and Emad (Shahab Hosseini), Farhadi has made Dancing in the Dust Nicole Kidman (Lion) Toni Erdmann a couple who are acting in the “Death of (2003), Beautiful City (2004), Fireworks Octavia Spencer (Hidden Figures) Toni Erdmann (Germany) Michelle Williams (Manchester by a Salesman” by Arthur Miller. But, an old Wednesday (2006), About Elly (2009), A the Sea) man gets Ra’na and Emad into trouble Separation (2011) and The Past (2013) after they moved into a house that before his last film,The Salesman. was previously inhabited by Ahou that Farhdi’s most famous movie, “A Best Director Best Documentary allegedly pursued a career in prostitution. Separation” (titled Jodaeie Nader Az Fire at Sea Denis Villeneuve (Arrival) They were attacked at their home and Simin in Persian) grabbed global attention I Am Not Your Negro Mel Gibson (Hacksaw Ridge) now must decide how to respond to the as it became the first Iranian movie to Life, Animated Damien Chazelle (La La Land) tragic incident. win an Oscar, the Academy Award for O.J.: Made in America Kenneth Lonergan (Manchester Farhadi won the award for the best Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th 13th by the Sea) screenplay for “The Salesman” at the Academy Awards. Barry Jenkins (Moonlight) World Movies Oscars 2017 Nominees Over eight decades of the Oscars from 1927 to 2017

Best Actor Casey AffleckManchester ( by the Sea) Best Animated Feature Film Andrew Garfield (Hacksaw Ridge) Kubo and the Two Strings Ryan Gosling (La La Land) Moana Viggo Mortensen (Captain Fantastic) My Life as a Zucchini Denzel Washington (Fences) The Red Turtle Zootopia Best Supporting Actor Mahershala Ali (Moonlight) Jeff Bridges Hell( or High Water) Best Cinematography Lucas Hedges (Manchester by the Sea) Arrival Dev Patel (Lion) La La Land Michael Shannon (Nocturnal Animals) Lion Moonlight Silence Best Actress Isabelle Huppert (Elle) Ruth Negga (Loving) Natalie Portman (Jackie) Best Visual Effects Emma Stone (La La Land) Deepwater Horizon Meryl Streep (Florence Foster Jenkins) Doctor Strange Best Supporting Actress The Jungle Book Viola Davis (Fences) Kubo and the Two Strings Asqar Farhadi's "The Salesman" Naomie Harris (Moonlight) Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Nicole Kidman (Lion) Nominated for 2017 Oscar Octavia Spencer (Hidden Figures) Michelle Williams (Manchester by the Sea) The Salesman (titled Forushandeh in 2016 Cannes film festival while Hosseini Persian) by well-known filmmaker Asqar grabbed one of the most important Best Foreign Language Film Farhadi was nominated for an Academy awards of the world cinema by winning The Salesman (Iran) Award in the category of Best Foreign the best actor. The film has also received Best Supporting Actress Land of Mine (Denmark) Language Film. a fantastic reception at the Cannes film Viola Davis (Fences) A Man Called Ove (Sweden) The movie portrays Ra’ana (Taraneh festival. Naomie Harris (Moonlight) Tanna (Australia) Alidousti) and Emad (Shahab Hosseini), Farhadi has made Dancing in the Dust Nicole Kidman (Lion) Toni Erdmann a couple who are acting in the “Death of (2003), Beautiful City (2004), Fireworks Octavia Spencer (Hidden Figures) Toni Erdmann (Germany) Michelle Williams (Manchester by a Salesman” by Arthur Miller. But, an old Wednesday (2006), About Elly (2009), A the Sea) man gets Ra’na and Emad into trouble Separation (2011) and The Past (2013) after they moved into a house that before his last film,The Salesman. was previously inhabited by Ahou that Farhdi’s most famous movie, “A Best Director Best Documentary allegedly pursued a career in prostitution. Separation” (titled Jodaeie Nader Az Fire at Sea Denis Villeneuve (Arrival) They were attacked at their home and Simin in Persian) grabbed global attention I Am Not Your Negro Mel Gibson (Hacksaw Ridge) now must decide how to respond to the as it became the first Iranian movie to Life, Animated Damien Chazelle (La La Land) tragic incident. win an Oscar, the Academy Award for O.J.: Made in America Kenneth Lonergan (Manchester Farhadi won the award for the best Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th 13th by the Sea) screenplay for “The Salesman” at the Academy Awards. Barry Jenkins (Moonlight) Manchester by the Sea Fences Hacksaw Ridge Lion

After the death of his older brother Joe, Lee Chandler is Hacksaw Ridge is the extraordinary true story of Desmond Five-year-old Saroo gets lost on a train which takes shocked to learn that Joe has made him sole guardian of Doss who, in Okinawa during the bloodiest battle of WWII, Fences is an adaptation of August Wilson’s Pulitzer him thousands of Kilometers across India, away from his nephew Patrick. Taking leave of his job, Lee reluctantly saved 75 men without firing or carrying a gun. He was the only Prize-winning play, which centers on a black garbage home and family. Saroo must learn to survive alone returns to Manchester-by-the-Sea to care for Patrick, a American soldier in WWII to fight on the front lines without collector named Troy Maxson in 1950s Pittsburgh. An in Kolkata, before ultimately being adopted by an spirited 16-year-old, and is forced to deal with a past that a weapon, as he believed that while the war was justified, African-American father struggles with race relations Australian couple. Twenty-five years later, armed separated him from his wife Randi and the community killing was nevertheless wrong. As an army medic, he single- in the United States while trying to raise his family in with only a handful of memories, his unwavering where he was born and raised. Bonded by the man who handedly evacuated the wounded from behind enemy lines, the 1950s and coming to terms with the events of his determination, and a revolutionary technology known held their family together, Lee and Patrick struggle to braved fire while tending to soldiers and was wounded by a life. as Google Earth, he sets out to find his lost family and adjust to a world without him. grenade and hit by snipers. Doss was the first conscientious Genre: Drama finally return to his first home. Genre: Drama objector to ever earn the Congressional Medal of Honor. Director: Denzel Washington Genre: Drama Director: Kenneth Lonergan Genre: Action & Adventure, Drama Cast: Denzel Washington , Viola Davis , Stephen Henderson, Director: Garth Davis Cast: Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Kyle Chandler, Director: Mel Gibson Mykelti Williamson , Russell Hornsby , Jovan Adepo Cast: Dev Patel , Rooney Mara , Nicole Kidman , David Wenham, Lucas Hedges, Gretchen Mol Cast: Andrew Garfield, Richard Pyros, Jacob Warner, Sunny Pawar , Abhishek Bharate Milo Gibson, Darcy Bryce , Roman Guerriero

Deep in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, isolated from La La Land tells the story of Mia, an aspiring actress, society, a devoted father dedicates his life to transforming and Sebastian, a dedicated jazz musician, who are The tender, heartbreaking story of a young man’s Texas brothers--Toby and Tanner come together after his six young children into extraordinary adults. But when struggling to make ends meet in a city known for struggle to find himself, told across three defining years divided to carry out a series of bank robberies to a tragedy strikes the family, they are forced to leave this crushing hopes and breaking hearts. Set in modern day chapters in his life trying to come out but also stay save their family farm. self-created paradise and begin a journey into the outside Los Angeles, this original musical about everyday life faithful. Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense world that challenges his idea of what it means to be a parent explores the joy and pain of pursuing your dreams. Genre: Drama Director: David Mackenzie and brings into question everything he’s taught them. Genre: Comedy, Drama, Musical & Performing Arts Director: Barry Jenkins Cast: Dale Dickey , Chris Pine , Ben Foster , Jeff Bridges, Genre: Drama Director: Damien Chazelle Cast: Naomie Harris , André Holland , Mahershala Ali , Gil Birmingham , Katy Mixon Director: Matt Ross Cast: Ryan Gosling , Emma Stone , Amiée Conn, Janelle Monáe , Trevante Rhodes Cast: Viggo Mortensen, Frank Langella, Kathryn Hahn, Thom Shelton, Terry Walters , Cinda Adams Missi Pyle , Steve Zahn , Ann Dowd

Hell or High Water Captain Fantastic La La Land Moonlight Manchester by the Sea Fences Hacksaw Ridge Lion

After the death of his older brother Joe, Lee Chandler is Hacksaw Ridge is the extraordinary true story of Desmond Five-year-old Saroo gets lost on a train which takes shocked to learn that Joe has made him sole guardian of Doss who, in Okinawa during the bloodiest battle of WWII, Fences is an adaptation of August Wilson’s Pulitzer him thousands of Kilometers across India, away from his nephew Patrick. Taking leave of his job, Lee reluctantly saved 75 men without firing or carrying a gun. He was the only Prize-winning play, which centers on a black garbage home and family. Saroo must learn to survive alone returns to Manchester-by-the-Sea to care for Patrick, a American soldier in WWII to fight on the front lines without collector named Troy Maxson in 1950s Pittsburgh. An in Kolkata, before ultimately being adopted by an spirited 16-year-old, and is forced to deal with a past that a weapon, as he believed that while the war was justified, African-American father struggles with race relations Australian couple. Twenty-five years later, armed separated him from his wife Randi and the community killing was nevertheless wrong. As an army medic, he single- in the United States while trying to raise his family in with only a handful of memories, his unwavering where he was born and raised. Bonded by the man who handedly evacuated the wounded from behind enemy lines, the 1950s and coming to terms with the events of his determination, and a revolutionary technology known held their family together, Lee and Patrick struggle to braved fire while tending to soldiers and was wounded by a life. as Google Earth, he sets out to find his lost family and adjust to a world without him. grenade and hit by snipers. Doss was the first conscientious Genre: Drama finally return to his first home. Genre: Drama objector to ever earn the Congressional Medal of Honor. Director: Denzel Washington Genre: Drama Director: Kenneth Lonergan Genre: Action & Adventure, Drama Cast: Denzel Washington , Viola Davis , Stephen Henderson, Director: Garth Davis Cast: Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Kyle Chandler, Director: Mel Gibson Mykelti Williamson , Russell Hornsby , Jovan Adepo Cast: Dev Patel , Rooney Mara , Nicole Kidman , David Wenham, Lucas Hedges, Gretchen Mol Cast: Andrew Garfield, Richard Pyros, Jacob Warner, Sunny Pawar , Abhishek Bharate Milo Gibson, Darcy Bryce , Roman Guerriero

Deep in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, isolated from La La Land tells the story of Mia, an aspiring actress, society, a devoted father dedicates his life to transforming and Sebastian, a dedicated jazz musician, who are The tender, heartbreaking story of a young man’s Texas brothers--Toby and Tanner come together after his six young children into extraordinary adults. But when struggling to make ends meet in a city known for struggle to find himself, told across three defining years divided to carry out a series of bank robberies to a tragedy strikes the family, they are forced to leave this crushing hopes and breaking hearts. Set in modern day chapters in his life trying to come out but also stay save their family farm. self-created paradise and begin a journey into the outside Los Angeles, this original musical about everyday life faithful. Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense world that challenges his idea of what it means to be a parent explores the joy and pain of pursuing your dreams. Genre: Drama Director: David Mackenzie and brings into question everything he’s taught them. Genre: Comedy, Drama, Musical & Performing Arts Director: Barry Jenkins Cast: Dale Dickey , Chris Pine , Ben Foster , Jeff Bridges, Genre: Drama Director: Damien Chazelle Cast: Naomie Harris , André Holland , Mahershala Ali , Gil Birmingham , Katy Mixon Director: Matt Ross Cast: Ryan Gosling , Emma Stone , Amiée Conn, Janelle Monáe , Trevante Rhodes Cast: Viggo Mortensen, Frank Langella, Kathryn Hahn, Thom Shelton, Terry Walters , Cinda Adams Missi Pyle , Steve Zahn , Ann Dowd

Hell or High Water Captain Fantastic La La Land Moonlight Jackie Loving Arrival Hidden Figures

Hidden figures is the incredible untold story of Jackie is a searing and intimate portrait of one of the Loving celebrates the real-life courage and commitment When mysterious spacecraft touchs down across the Katherine G. Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary most important and tragic moments in American of an interracial couple, Richard and Mildred Loving globe, an elite team--lead by expert linguist Louise Jackson brilliant African-American women working history, seen through the eyes of the iconic First Lady, who married and then spent the next nine years fighting Banks are brought together to investigate. As mankind at NASA, who served as the brains behind one of the then Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. Jackie places us in for the right to live as a family in their hometown. Their teeters on the verge of global war, Banks and the team greatest operations in history: the launch of astronaut her world during the days immediately following her civil rights case, Loving v. Virginia, went all the way to race against time for answers--and to find them, she John Glenn into orbit, a stunning achievement that husband’s assassination. Known for her extraordinary the Supreme Court, which in 1967 reaffirmed the very will take a chance that could threaten her life, and restored the nation’s confidence, turned around the dignity and poise, here we see a psychological portrait foundation of the right to marry - and their love story quite possibly humanity. Space Race, and galvanized the world. The visionary trio of the US First Lady as she struggles to maintain her has become an inspiration to couples ever since. Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense, Science Fiction & crossed all gender and race lines to inspire generations husband’s legacy. Genre: Drama Fantasy to dream big. Genre: Drama Director: Jeff Nichols Director: Denis Villeneuve Genre: Drama Director: Pablo Larraín Cast: Ruth Negga , Joel Edgerton , Will Dalton , Dean Mumford, Cast: Amy Adams , Jeremy Renner , Forest Whitaker , Director: Ted Melfi Cast: Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , Greta Gerwig, Terri Abney , Alano Miller Michael Stuhlbarg , Mark O’Brien (IX) , Tzi Ma Cast: Taraji P. Henson , Octavia Spencer , Janelle Monáe, John Hurt , Max Casella , Beth Grant Kirsten Dunst , Jim Parsons , Mahershala Ali

Nocturnal Animals is a haunting romantic thriller of Silence tells the story of two Christian missionaries shocking intimacy and gripping tension that explores who face the ultimate test of faith when they travel the thin lines between love and cruelty, and revenge A wealthy New York heiress attempts to become an to Japan in search of their missing mentor) - at a time and redemption. Amy Adams and Jake Gyllenhaal star opera singer despite her horrible singing voice. when Christianity was outlawed and their presence as a divorced couple discovering dark truths about Genre: Comedy, Drama, Musical & Performing Arts forbidden. each other and themselves. Director: Stephen Frears Genre: Drama Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense Cast: Meryl Streep , Hugh Grant , Simon Helberg , Director: Martin Scorsese Director: Tom Ford Rebecca Ferguson , Nina Arianda Cast: Liam Neeson , Adam Driver , Andrew Garfield , The 89th Academy Awards Cast: Jake Gyllenhaal , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Issei Ogata, Tadanobu Asano , Ciarán Hinds ceremony, presented by the Aaron Taylor-Johnson , Isla Fisher Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), will honor the best films of Florence Foster Jenkins Nocturnal Animals Silence 2016 and will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California on February 26, 2017. During the ceremony, AMPAS will present Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. Jackie Loving Arrival Hidden Figures

Hidden figures is the incredible untold story of Jackie is a searing and intimate portrait of one of the Loving celebrates the real-life courage and commitment When mysterious spacecraft touchs down across the Katherine G. Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary most important and tragic moments in American of an interracial couple, Richard and Mildred Loving globe, an elite team--lead by expert linguist Louise Jackson brilliant African-American women working history, seen through the eyes of the iconic First Lady, who married and then spent the next nine years fighting Banks are brought together to investigate. As mankind at NASA, who served as the brains behind one of the then Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. Jackie places us in for the right to live as a family in their hometown. Their teeters on the verge of global war, Banks and the team greatest operations in history: the launch of astronaut her world during the days immediately following her civil rights case, Loving v. Virginia, went all the way to race against time for answers--and to find them, she John Glenn into orbit, a stunning achievement that husband’s assassination. Known for her extraordinary the Supreme Court, which in 1967 reaffirmed the very will take a chance that could threaten her life, and restored the nation’s confidence, turned around the dignity and poise, here we see a psychological portrait foundation of the right to marry - and their love story quite possibly humanity. Space Race, and galvanized the world. The visionary trio of the US First Lady as she struggles to maintain her has become an inspiration to couples ever since. Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense, Science Fiction & crossed all gender and race lines to inspire generations husband’s legacy. Genre: Drama Fantasy to dream big. Genre: Drama Director: Jeff Nichols Director: Denis Villeneuve Genre: Drama Director: Pablo Larraín Cast: Ruth Negga , Joel Edgerton , Will Dalton , Dean Mumford, Cast: Amy Adams , Jeremy Renner , Forest Whitaker , Director: Ted Melfi Cast: Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , Greta Gerwig, Terri Abney , Alano Miller Michael Stuhlbarg , Mark O’Brien (IX) , Tzi Ma Cast: Taraji P. Henson , Octavia Spencer , Janelle Monáe, John Hurt , Max Casella , Beth Grant Kirsten Dunst , Jim Parsons , Mahershala Ali

Nocturnal Animals is a haunting romantic thriller of Silence tells the story of two Christian missionaries shocking intimacy and gripping tension that explores who face the ultimate test of faith when they travel the thin lines between love and cruelty, and revenge A wealthy New York heiress attempts to become an to Japan in search of their missing mentor) - at a time and redemption. Amy Adams and Jake Gyllenhaal star opera singer despite her horrible singing voice. when Christianity was outlawed and their presence as a divorced couple discovering dark truths about Genre: Comedy, Drama, Musical & Performing Arts forbidden. each other and themselves. Director: Stephen Frears Genre: Drama Genre: Drama, Mystery & Suspense Cast: Meryl Streep , Hugh Grant , Simon Helberg , Director: Martin Scorsese Director: Tom Ford Rebecca Ferguson , Nina Arianda Cast: Liam Neeson , Adam Driver , Andrew Garfield , The 89th Academy Awards Cast: Jake Gyllenhaal , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Issei Ogata, Tadanobu Asano , Ciarán Hinds ceremony, presented by the Aaron Taylor-Johnson , Isla Fisher Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), will honor the best films of Florence Foster Jenkins Nocturnal Animals Silence 2016 and will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California on February 26, 2017. During the ceremony, AMPAS will present Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. Page 24 | No. 101 Health Benefits of Eating Orange Peels

1. Lowers High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol the will help that sneezing and runny nose from Orange peels, white pulp, and pith are full of allergies. hesperidin, a flavonoid that's been shown to have 6. Anti-Cancer Activity these benefits. "Due to their broad range Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) in orange peels 3. Anti-Inflammatory of pharmacological properties, are more likely to lower cholesterol than many Orange peels have similar properties to the citrus flavonoids have gained increased prescription drugs. anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. attention. Accumulative in vitro and in vivo studies indicate 2. Anti-Allergetic 4. Improves Oral Health protective effects of polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) The peel has something in it that prevents It whitens teeth and reduces sensitivity. The citrus against the occurrence of cancer. When histamine from being released. Histamines also acts as a natural breath freshener. PMFs inhibit carcinogenesis by mechanisms like current are a chemical that causes allergic blocking the metastasis cascade, inhibition of cancer smokers were reactions. Orange peels prevention 5. Boosts Immune System cell mobility in circulatory systems, proapoptosis, and evaluated, those of its release makes The high concentration of Vitamin C and Vitamin antiangiogenesis." who were also in the them a potentially A will strengthen your immune system and keep a group consuming the most anti-allergic food cold, cough, and flu far far away. 7. Protects Respiratory System cryptoxanthin-rich foods were found Eating foods that contain beta-cryptoxanthin are to have a 37% lower risk of lung cancer proven to lower your chances for lung cancer compared to smokers who ate the least of these significantly. Orange peels and oranges are both health-protective foods." known to contain a lot of this. The George Mateljan Foundation wrote on their blog 8. Improves Digestive System about the benefits of orange saying that: "A study The peels contain lots of fiber and non-soluble published in the September 2003 issue of Cancer polysaccharides which help food move through your Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention reviewed intestines better and digestion to work smoothly. dietary and lifestyle data collected from over 60,000 adults in Shanghai, China. 9. Helps with Weight Loss Those eating the most crytpoxanthin-rich foods It is low in calories and a great fiber to put in smoothies showed a 27% reduction in lung cancer risk. or to cut up and eat as a snack. Page 24 | No. 101 Health Benefits of Eating Orange Peels

1. Lowers High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol the will help that sneezing and runny nose from Orange peels, white pulp, and pith are full of allergies. hesperidin, a flavonoid that's been shown to have 6. Anti-Cancer Activity these benefits. "Due to their broad range Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) in orange peels 3. Anti-Inflammatory of pharmacological properties, are more likely to lower cholesterol than many Orange peels have similar properties to the citrus flavonoids have gained increased prescription drugs. anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. attention. Accumulative in vitro and in vivo studies indicate 2. Anti-Allergetic 4. Improves Oral Health protective effects of polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) The peel has something in it that prevents It whitens teeth and reduces sensitivity. The citrus against the occurrence of cancer. When histamine from being released. Histamines also acts as a natural breath freshener. PMFs inhibit carcinogenesis by mechanisms like current are a chemical that causes allergic blocking the metastasis cascade, inhibition of cancer smokers were reactions. Orange peels prevention 5. Boosts Immune System cell mobility in circulatory systems, proapoptosis, and evaluated, those of its release makes The high concentration of Vitamin C and Vitamin antiangiogenesis." who were also in the them a potentially A will strengthen your immune system and keep a group consuming the most anti-allergic food cold, cough, and flu far far away. 7. Protects Respiratory System cryptoxanthin-rich foods were found Eating foods that contain beta-cryptoxanthin are to have a 37% lower risk of lung cancer proven to lower your chances for lung cancer compared to smokers who ate the least of these significantly. Orange peels and oranges are both health-protective foods." known to contain a lot of this. The George Mateljan Foundation wrote on their blog 8. Improves Digestive System about the benefits of orange saying that: "A study The peels contain lots of fiber and non-soluble published in the September 2003 issue of Cancer polysaccharides which help food move through your Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention reviewed intestines better and digestion to work smoothly. dietary and lifestyle data collected from over 60,000 adults in Shanghai, China. 9. Helps with Weight Loss Those eating the most crytpoxanthin-rich foods It is low in calories and a great fiber to put in smoothies showed a 27% reduction in lung cancer risk. or to cut up and eat as a snack. Story Page 26 | No. 101

twelve rubles. Kolya was sick for anything more”. four days – those days you didn’t “Did you now? You see, I never The Ninny look after him. You looked after made a note of it. Take three from Vanya, only Vanya. fourteen. That leaves eleven. by Anton Chekhov Then there were the three days Here’s your money, my dear. Three, you had toothache, when my wife three, three... one and one. Take it, gave you permission to stay away my dear”. from the children after dinner. I gave her the eleven rubles. With Twelve and seven makes nineteen. trembling fingers she took them Subtract... That leaves... hm... forty- and slipped them into her pocket. one rubles. Correct?” “Merci,” she whispered. Yulia Vasilyevna’s left eye reddened I jumped up, and began walking and filled with tears. Her chin up and down the room. I was in a trembled. She began to cough furious temper. Just a few days ago I invited Yulia nervously, blew her nose, and said “Why did you say ‘merci,?” I asked. Vasilyevna, the governess of my nothing. “For the money”. children, to come to my study. I “Then around New Year’s Day you “Don’t you realize I’ve been wanted to settle my account with broke a cup and a saucer. Subtract cheating you? I steal your money, her. two rubles. The cup cost more than and all you can say is ‘merci’!” “Sit down, Yulia Vasilyevna!” I said that – it was an heirloom, but we “In my other places they gave me to her. “Let’s get our accounts won’t bother about that. We’re nothing”. settled. I’m sure you need some the ones who pay. Another matter. “They gave you nothing! Well, no money, but you keep standing on Due to your carelessness Kolya wonder! I was playing a trick on ceremony and never ask for it. Let climbed a tree and tore his coat. you – a dirty trick... I’ll give you me see. We agreed to give you Subtract ten. Also, due to your your eighty rubles, they are all here thirty rubles a month, didn’t we?” carelessness, the chambermaid ran in an envelope made out for you. “Forty”. off with Vanya’s boots. You ought to Is it possible for anyone to be such “No, thirty. I made a note of it. I have kept your eyes open. You get a nitwit? Why didn’t you protest? always pay the governess thirty. a good salary. So we dock off five Why did you keep your mouth shut? Now, let me see. You have been more... On the tenth of January you It is possible that there is anyone in with us for two months?” took ten rubles from me”. this world who is so spineless? Why “Two months and five days”. “I didn’t,” Yulia Vasilyevna are you such a ninny”? “Two months exactly. I made a whispered. She gave me a bitter little smile. On note of it. So you have sixty rubles “But I made a note of it”. her face I read the words: “Yes, it is coming to you. Subtract nine “Well, yes – perhaps”... possible”. Sundays. You know you don’t tutor “From forty-one we take twenty- I apologized for having played this Kolya on Sundays, you just go out seven. That leaves fourteen”. cruel trick on her, and to her great for a walk. And then the three Her eyes filled with tears, and her surprise gave her the eighty rubles. holidays”... thin, pretty little nose was shining And then she said “merci” again Yulia Vasilyevna blushed and with perspiration. Poor little child! several times, always timidly, and picked at the trimmings of her “I only took money once,” she said went out. I gazed after her, thinking dress, but said not a word. in a trembling voice. “I took three how very easy it is in this world to “Three holidays. So we take off rubles from your wife... never be strong.

Page 27 | No. 101 twelve rubles. Kolya was sick for anything more”. four days – those days you didn’t “Did you now? You see, I never look after him. You looked after made a note of it. Take three from Vanya, only Vanya. fourteen. That leaves eleven. Then there were the three days Here’s your money, my dear. Three, you had toothache, when my wife three, three... one and one. Take it, gave you permission to stay away my dear”. from the children after dinner. I gave her the eleven rubles. With Twelve and seven makes nineteen. trembling fingers she took them Subtract... That leaves... hm... forty- and slipped them into her pocket. one rubles. Correct?” “Merci,” she whispered. Yulia Vasilyevna’s left eye reddened I jumped up, and began walking and filled with tears. Her chin up and down the room. I was in a trembled. She began to cough furious temper. nervously, blew her nose, and said “Why did you say ‘merci,?” I asked. nothing. “For the money”. “Then around New Year’s Day you “Don’t you realize I’ve been broke a cup and a saucer. Subtract cheating you? I steal your money, two rubles. The cup cost more than and all you can say is ‘merci’!” that – it was an heirloom, but we “In my other places they gave me won’t bother about that. We’re nothing”. the ones who pay. Another matter. “They gave you nothing! Well, no Due to your carelessness Kolya wonder! I was playing a trick on climbed a tree and tore his coat. you – a dirty trick... I’ll give you Subtract ten. Also, due to your your eighty rubles, they are all here carelessness, the chambermaid ran in an envelope made out for you. off with Vanya’s boots. You ought to Is it possible for anyone to be such have kept your eyes open. You get a nitwit? Why didn’t you protest? a good salary. So we dock off five Why did you keep your mouth shut? more... On the tenth of January you It is possible that there is anyone in took ten rubles from me”. this world who is so spineless? Why “I didn’t,” Yulia Vasilyevna are you such a ninny”? whispered. She gave me a bitter little smile. On “But I made a note of it”. her face I read the words: “Yes, it is “Well, yes – perhaps”... possible”. “From forty-one we take twenty- I apologized for having played this seven. That leaves fourteen”. cruel trick on her, and to her great Her eyes filled with tears, and her surprise gave her the eighty rubles. thin, pretty little nose was shining And then she said “merci” again with perspiration. Poor little child! several times, always timidly, and “I only took money once,” she said went out. I gazed after her, thinking in a trembling voice. “I took three how very easy it is in this world to rubles from your wife... never be strong.

Page 27 | No. 101 Kids' Story Do you know the fastest land animal in the world?

The answer is ... cheetah! World Records! Cheetah can run at a top speed of 120 km/h (75 mph), which is super-fast! Cheetahs live in Africa and use their high speed to catch other animals to eat. But it can only run for a short time - it gets tired very quickly.

Today we are going to learn about world records! All about the fastest, heaviest, biggest, smallest, oldest, most expensive, highest and most delicious.

Next thing is the smallest bone in your body. Can you guess where How old is the oldest tree in the world? in your body it is?

It is inside your ear. Yes, that‛s right! It‛s 9,500 years old. It is called ‘stapes‛ and it helps you 3to on hear your sounds. thumbnail! It is only about The tree is growing in Sweden and it is called 0.3cm long - you could easily fit “Old Tjikko”. It‛s not very tall, it is only 5 meters. It doesn‛t look very special. However, when people were still living in caves it started Ok. What do you think is the heaviest to grow! animal in the world?

It is the blue whale. It can weigh 200 tons, about the same as 50 African elephants! Even its tongue can weigh as much as one elephant! Kids' Story Do you know the fastest land animal in the world?

The answer is ... cheetah! World Records! Cheetah can run at a top speed of 120 km/h (75 mph), which is super-fast! Cheetahs live in Africa and use their high speed to catch other animals to eat. But it can only run for a short time - it gets tired very quickly.

Today we are going to learn about world records! All about the fastest, heaviest, biggest, smallest, oldest, most expensive, highest and most delicious.

Next thing is the smallest bone in your body. Can you guess where How old is the oldest tree in the world? in your body it is?

It is inside your ear. Yes, that‛s right! It‛s 9,500 years old. It is called ‘stapes‛ and it helps you 3to on hear your sounds. thumbnail! It is only about The tree is growing in Sweden and it is called 0.3cm long - you could easily fit “Old Tjikko”. It‛s not very tall, it is only 5 meters. It doesn‛t look very special. However, when people were still living in caves it started Ok. What do you think is the heaviest to grow! animal in the world?

It is the blue whale. It can weigh 200 tons, about the same as 50 African elephants! Even its tongue can weigh as much as one elephant! Crossword Financial Crossword

Next question. How big is the biggest flower in the world? Across 1. The name of the British currency The answer is one meter wide. 3. Direction in which prices always That is about the size of a dog! This seem to go flower is called ‘Rafflesia arnoldii‛ 9. Act to reduce the international value of a currency and grows in Indonesia. You shouldn‛t 10. Verification of a company's smell it – it smells terrible, like a accounts dead animal! 12. A negative balance of money 13. Take action 16. A man (or woman) who works in a bank 19. Money which is lent 20. Commerce 21. Twenty-four hours 22. Bandits may want to ______a bank 23. American word for banknotes

Which mountain is the highest Down in the world? 2. List of prices 3. If you are "in the _____ " you have a negative amount That‛s right, Mount Everest! of money in your bank account But how high is it? 4. Money placed in order to earn interest Mount Everest is nearly 9km 5. A valuable metal 6. Money that you can use though you may not actually (5.5 miles) high - that is the have it height jumbo jet airplanes fly 8. Unit of British currency at! Every year people try to 11. The national "______" : the financial system of a country, and its operation climb to the top. It is not very 14. Reduce easy because there is not much 15. It carries a portrait of George Washington air near the top which means it 16. A type of financial holding - but nothing to do with 007 is difficult to breathe. 17. Street in which the US stock exchange is situated 18. Money charged by lawyers or other professionals, for service or advice

Page 31 | No. 101 Crossword Financial Crossword

Next question. How big is the biggest flower in the world? Across 1. The name of the British currency The answer is one meter wide. 3. Direction in which prices always That is about the size of a dog! This seem to go flower is called ‘Rafflesia arnoldii‛ 9. Act to reduce the international value of a currency and grows in Indonesia. You shouldn‛t 10. Verification of a company's smell it – it smells terrible, like a accounts dead animal! 12. A negative balance of money 13. Take action 16. A man (or woman) who works in a bank 19. Money which is lent 20. Commerce 21. Twenty-four hours 22. Bandits may want to ______a bank 23. American word for banknotes

Which mountain is the highest Down in the world? 2. List of prices 3. If you are "in the _____ " you have a negative amount That‛s right, Mount Everest! of money in your bank account But how high is it? 4. Money placed in order to earn interest Mount Everest is nearly 9km 5. A valuable metal 6. Money that you can use though you may not actually (5.5 miles) high - that is the have it height jumbo jet airplanes fly 8. Unit of British currency at! Every year people try to 11. The national "______" : the financial system of a country, and its operation climb to the top. It is not very 14. Reduce easy because there is not much 15. It carries a portrait of George Washington air near the top which means it 16. A type of financial holding - but nothing to do with 007 is difficult to breathe. 17. Street in which the US stock exchange is situated 18. Money charged by lawyers or other professionals, for service or advice

Page 31 | No. 101

السیاحةفيهمدان كأس دار ی وس

تعتبــر مدينــة همــدان مــن أقــدم مــدن خرجــت بهــا رويــداً رويــداً عــن طرازهــا نــرى ان همــدان حافظــت علــی مكانتهــا ايــران حيــث يرجــع تاريخهــا إلــی قــرون القديــم . ولكــن فــي جوانــب هــذه الشــوارع واعتبارهــا مهــداً لكبــار الشــعراء و العلمــاء عديــدة قبــل الميــاد وكانــت تعتبــر الحديثــة العريضــة و الحدائــق الجذابــة و المفكريــن قبــل االســام وبعــده . المصيــف المثالــي فــي عهــد المادييــن الكبيــرة التــزال توجــد أماكــن قديمــة تضمر والهخامنشــيين ، كماعرفــت باســم اكباتــان فــي داخلهــا ذكريــات الماضــي العريــق . محافظةهمدان: أو هكمتانــة )أي محــل التجمــع ( فــي ان موقــع همــدان الجغرافــي الممتــاز قــد أثار تقــع هــذه المحافظــة غــرب البــاد أي علــی 336 تاريــخ اليونانييــن القديــم . منــذ القــدم اهتمــام كل القوميــات والــدول بُعــد كيلومتــراً مــن العاصمــة طهــران ، تعــد همــدان مهــد الحضــارة فــي منطقــة المجــاورة ، ممــا أدى إلــی تعرضهــا لهجمــات وتنتشــر حــول ميــدان فســيح علــی هيئــة الشــرق إلــی حــد ان اســمها ارتبــط ًارتباطــا متعــددة ، فقــد هدمــت للمــرة األولــی فــي النجــم فــي وســط المدينــة ، الــذي يحمــل ًوثيقــا باألســاطير. ولقــد ذكــر فــي الكتــب التاريــخ علــی أيــدي االشــوريين ، وللمــرة اســم االمــام الخمينــي. وتتشــعب مــن هــذا التاريخيــة بــأن قصــراً باســم »ســبع الثانيــة و الثالثــة علــی يــد المغــول و تيمــور، الميــدان الجميــل الــذي مــازال يحتفــظ حصــاره « الزال موجــوداً ًوقائمــا فــي هــذه ثمهاجمهــا العثمانيــون بعــد ذلــك خــال بهندســته المعماريــة العريقــة ســتة شــوارع المدينــة ويتكــون مــن ألــف غرفــة يضاهــي القــرون األخيــرة . تنطلــق مــن مركزهــذا الميــدان وكأنهاأجنحــة بذلــك بــرج بابــل العظيــم . تتشــرف همــدان بكونهــا مهــداً وبلــداً لكبــار لهذاالنجــم . و قــد توســعت مدينــة همــدان وعمــرت الرجــال و العلمــاء و أفاضلهــم مــن أمثــال و تزيــد مســاحتها علــی )19/000( كثيــراً خــال الســنواتاألخيــرة ممــا عيــن القضــاة الخواجــة رشــيد الديــن فضــل كيلومتــراً ًمربعــا. و تمتــاز محافظــة همــدان جعلهــا تكتســي حليــة جميلــة وحديثــة اهلل، أدهــم همدانــي ، باباطاهرعريــان وبذلــك بوقوعهــا فــي منطقــة جبليــة جذابــة و حجر األسد تحــوي ًجباالشــامخة تمتــد علــی ســفوحها ووديــان )مرادبيــك ، وعبــاس آبــاد( التــي أبوعلــي ســينا والــذي تــم تجديــد بنــاء المــزارع والمراتــع الخضــراء و تعانــق قممهــا تتــرك صــورا ًال تنســی فــي ذهــن المســافر. مرقــده وقبــة مناســبة لــه فــي عــام الشــامخة ســماء زرقــاء صافيــة ، و تمتــد 1375هـــ.ق، واســتوحيت هندســة قبــة بيــن جبالهــا وديــان عامــرة مســكونة و عباسآباد الحكيــم ابــن ســينا مــن بــرج قابــوس السیاحةفيهمدان مصائــف كثيــرة فقمــة )ألونــد( تعتبــر أعلــی ويســترعي نظرالزائريــن لهــذه المدينــة بنوشــمكيرويوجدفي مكان مدفنــه ًأيضــا كأس دار ی وس قمــم جبــال همــدان قاطبــة و يبلــغ ارتفاعهــا التاريخيــة القديمــة آثــار عديــدة مــن مكتبــة قيمــة تحــوي عــدة نســخ خطيــة . 3572 متــراً وان شــهرتها التاريخيــة ومــا العصــور الماضيــة التــي جعلــت أكثرهــا أمــا فــي فنــاء المرقــد، فتوجــد مقبــرة كتــب عنهــا مــن أســاطير ال تقــل عــن قمــة علــی شــكل أبحــاث أثريــة فــوق رابيــة أبوالقاســم عــارف ، وهــو شــاعرعاش فــي دماونــد ًشــيئا. هكمتانــه وتلــة المصلــی والتــي تتحــدث أواخرعهــد القاجارييــن . تعتبــر مدينــة همــدان مــن أقــدم مــدن خرجــت بهــا رويــداً رويــداً عــن طرازهــا نــرى ان همــدان حافظــت علــی مكانتهــا وتمتــاز محافظــة همــدان كذلــك بطقــس عــن وجــود القصوروالقــاع والمــدن القديمــة ايــران حيــث يرجــع تاريخهــا إلــی قــرون القديــم . ولكــن فــي جوانــب هــذه الشــوارع واعتبارهــا مهــداً لكبــار الشــعراء و العلمــاء بــارد و شــتاء طويــل حيــث تزيــن الثلــوج من عصرحكــم المادييــن والهخامنشــيين. عديــدة قبــل الميــاد وكانــت تعتبــر الحديثــة العريضــة و الحدائــق الجذابــة و المفكريــن قبــل االســام وبعــده . الكثيفــة قمــم جبالهــا لفتــرة طويلــة ًنســبيا ال وهنــاك آثارأخــرى اكتشــفت مؤخــراً منهــا المصيــف المثالــي فــي عهــد المادييــن الكبيــرة التــزال توجــد أماكــن قديمــة تضمر تقــل عــن ثمانيــة أشــهر فــي الســنة، ولهــذا األلــواح و الصحــون و األدوات الذهبيــة والهخامنشــيين ، كماعرفــت باســم اكباتــان فــي داخلهــا ذكريــات الماضــي العريــق . محافظةهمدان: تتمتــع همــدان بصيــف معتــدل للغايــة حيــث والفضيــة والتــي تتزيــن بهــا فــي الوقــت أو هكمتانــة )أي محــل التجمــع ( فــي ان موقــع همــدان الجغرافــي الممتــاز قــد أثار تقــع هــذه المحافظــة غــرب البــاد أي علــی 336 تزخــر فــي هــذا الفصــل بطبيعــة دائمــة الحاضــر المتاحــف الكبــرىو األماكــن تاريــخ اليونانييــن القديــم . منــذ القــدم اهتمــام كل القوميــات والــدول بُعــد كيلومتــراً مــن العاصمــة طهــران ، الخضــرة و الروعــة . الخاصــة بجمــع اآلثــار، وقــد عرضــت تعــد همــدان مهــد الحضــارة فــي منطقــة المجــاورة ، ممــا أدى إلــی تعرضهــا لهجمــات وتنتشــر حــول ميــدان فســيح علــی هيئــة يتــوزع ســكان المحافظــة علــی ســتة مــدن علــی مــرأى مــن زائــري هــذه األماكــن ، الشــرق إلــی حــد ان اســمها ارتبــط ًارتباطــا متعــددة ، فقــد هدمــت للمــرة األولــی فــي النجــم فــي وســط المدينــة ، الــذي يحمــل هــي: همــدان )مركــز المحافظــة (، مايــر، فعلــی ســبيل المثــال: شــير ســنكي )األســد ًوثيقــا باألســاطير. ولقــد ذكــر فــي الكتــب التاريــخ علــی أيــدي االشــوريين ، وللمــرة اســم االمــام الخمينــي. وتتشــعب مــن هــذا أبوعلي س ی نا مرقد نهاونــد، تويســركان ، كبودرآهنــك، أســدآباد الحجــري (، و هــو عبــارة عــن تمثــال أســد التاريخيــة بــأن قصــراً باســم »ســبع الثانيــة و الثالثــة علــی يــد المغــول و تيمــور، الميــدان الجميــل الــذي مــازال يحتفــظ ومــا يتبعهــا مــن القــرى. كبيــر يعــود إلــی عهداألشــكانيين ، ويقــال حصــاره « الزال موجــوداً ًوقائمــا فــي هــذه ثمهاجمهــا العثمانيــون بعــد ذلــك خــال بهندســته المعماريــة العريقــة ســتة شــوارع أنــه كانــت لهــذا األســد لبــوة معــه . المدينــة ويتكــون مــن ألــف غرفــة يضاهــي القــرون األخيــرة . تنطلــق مــن مركزهــذا الميــدان وكأنهاأجنحــة المناظرالسیاحی ة ف يهمدان: بذلــك بــرج بابــل العظيــم . تتشــرف همــدان بكونهــا مهــداً وبلــداً لكبــار لهذاالنجــم . همــدان مدينــة مثاليــة لاصطيــاف ، و يعــود مرقدأبوعليسینا و قــد توســعت مدينــة همــدان وعمــرت الرجــال و العلمــاء و أفاضلهــم مــن أمثــال و تزيــد مســاحتها علــی )19/000( ذلــك إلــی جمــال طبيعتهــا الــذي يتمثــل ويوجــد فــي همــدان ًأيضــا مرقــد كثيــراً خــال الســنواتاألخيــرة ممــا عيــن القضــاة الخواجــة رشــيد الديــن فضــل كيلومتــراً ًمربعــا. و تمتــاز محافظــة همــدان فــي سلســلة جبــال ألونــد وقممهــا المرتفعــة الطبيــب و الحكيــم االيرانــي المعــروف جعلهــا تكتســي حليــة جميلــة وحديثــة اهلل، أدهــم همدانــي ، باباطاهرعريــان وبذلــك بوقوعهــا فــي منطقــة جبليــة جذابــة و عباس آباد حجر األسد كهفعليصدر متــراً غيــر ان متوســطهال يتجــاوز الثمانيــة ثــرى هــذا البنــاء. ان همــدان بحكــم منطقتهــا الجبليــة تكمــن أمتــار. و قــد شــكلت خدمــات جليلــة فــي ثناياهــا أغــوار و كهــوف رائعــة وخابــة لســياقة المراكــب و المراكب ذات الدواســات، مرقدباباطاهرعریان)مرقدباباطاهرالعریان( يعتبرأحدهــا وهــو غــار »علــي صــدر« مــن باالضافــة إلــی مرشــدين وتأسيســات أخــرى ان باباطاهــر شــاعر معــروف شــعره عــذب ، أروع وأجمــل األغــوار فــي العالــم والتــي وضعــت تحــت تصــرف الســياح. مرهــف الحســس ، لطيــف االيقــاع واللحــن. ال مثيــل لهــا وال نظيــر و لــه ًاســما ًمحليــا وهــذا الشــاعر لــه ضريــح فــي مدينــة همــدان ًأيضــا ّفيســم ی»علي ســرد« أو»علــي ســد« كتیبههايكنجنامه)الكتاباتالقیمة( حيــث بنــي لــه مرقــد الئــق و جميــل خــال ويقــع علــی مســافة 60 كليومتــراً في الشــمال لقــد حفــرت هــذه الكتابــات علــی ألــواح الســنوات األخيــرة فــي الجهــة الواقعــة )شــمال الغربــي للمدينــة. ويتألــف هذاالغارمــن بحيرة حجريــة فــي ســفح جبــل ألونــد فــي غــرب ( لمدينــة همــدان. عظيمــة تتشــابك فيهامجموعة كبيــرة مــن انتهــاءوادي عبــاس آبــاد الباهــر تتعلــق الدهاليــز والســراديب و القاعــات التي تســمح إحــدى هــذه الكتابــات بداريــوش واألخــرى »اللجین«مدینةالفنوعاصمةصناعة للزائريــن بســياقة المراكــب لمســافات طويلــة مرقد باباطاهرعر ی ان بخشــايار شــاه ويتضمــن معناهــا الســام الخزفاالیرانیة و قدغمــرت أرض الكهــف بضعــة أمتــار مــن علــی »أهــورا مــزدا« )إلــه الزرادشــتيين(وذكر »اللجيــن« مدينــة تقــع علــی بعــد 1۸ الميــاه الصافيــة، و زينــت ســقفها وجدرانهــا نســب الملكيــن مــع دعــاء لحفــظ الوطــن. كيلومتــراً مــن مدينــة همــدان غــرب ايــران. و أحلــی وأروع االســتاالكتيتواالســتاالجميت هــي مركــز صناعــة االعمــال الخزفيــة، ليــس وأحجــار طبيعيــة مختلفــة علــی هيئــة گنبدعلوی ا ن)قبةالعلویی ن ( فــي همــدان فقــط بــل فــي كل ايــران، حيــث حيوانــات وأشــياء متنوعــة و جــزر صغيــرة و وهــي مــن أهــم اآلثــار االســامية فــي يمكــن مشــاهدة ورش ومحــات بيــع منتجات كبيــرة. وجديــر بالذكــر فانــه ال أثــر للحيــاة همــدان و تعــود إلــی أواخرعهدالســلجوقيين هــذه الصناعــة اليدويــة فــي كل حــارة وزقــاق فــي هــذه المغــارة وال فــي مياههمــا بســبب ويتشــكل هــذا البنــاء مــن أربعــة أضــاع و بيــت فــي هــذه البلــده الصغيــرة.و الخــزف، فقــدان النــور الطبيعــي، ولكــن قــد توزعــت تناهــت فــي أكنافــه النقــوش الفنيــة الرائعــة هــي الهديــة، التــي يبتاعهــا كل زائــر، و تعتبــر فــي كل أرجائهــا أســاك كهربائيــة لتوفيــر باســتعمال الكلــس و الجــص و قــد دفــن ذكــرى و هديــة الســفر، التــي تشــتهر بهــا االضــاءة الا زمــة للزائريــن. يبلــغ ارتفــاع اثنــان مــن العلوييــن فــي مغــارة تقــع فــي مدينــة همــدان. الســقف فــي الكثيــر مــن القاعــات أربعيــن گنبدعلوی ا ن

كهفعليصدر مة( )الكتابات الق ی كنجنامه بههاي كت ی كهفعليصدر متــراً غيــر ان متوســطهال يتجــاوز الثمانيــة ثــرى هــذا البنــاء. ان همــدان بحكــم منطقتهــا الجبليــة تكمــن أمتــار. و قــد شــكلت خدمــات جليلــة فــي ثناياهــا أغــوار و كهــوف رائعــة وخابــة لســياقة المراكــب و المراكب ذات الدواســات، مرقدباباطاهرعریان)مرقدباباطاهرالعریان( يعتبرأحدهــا وهــو غــار »علــي صــدر« مــن باالضافــة إلــی مرشــدين وتأسيســات أخــرى ان باباطاهــر شــاعر معــروف شــعره عــذب ، أروع وأجمــل األغــوار فــي العالــم والتــي وضعــت تحــت تصــرف الســياح. مرهــف الحســس ، لطيــف االيقــاع واللحــن. ال مثيــل لهــا وال نظيــر و لــه ًاســما ًمحليــا وهــذا الشــاعر لــه ضريــح فــي مدينــة همــدان ًأيضــا ّفيســم ی»علي ســرد« أو»علــي ســد« كتیبههايكنجنامه)الكتاباتالقیمة( حيــث بنــي لــه مرقــد الئــق و جميــل خــال ويقــع علــی مســافة 60 كليومتــراً في الشــمال لقــد حفــرت هــذه الكتابــات علــی ألــواح الســنوات األخيــرة فــي الجهــة الواقعــة )شــمال الغربــي للمدينــة. ويتألــف هذاالغارمــن بحيرة حجريــة فــي ســفح جبــل ألونــد فــي غــرب ( لمدينــة همــدان. عظيمــة تتشــابك فيهامجموعة كبيــرة مــن انتهــاءوادي عبــاس آبــاد الباهــر تتعلــق الدهاليــز والســراديب و القاعــات التي تســمح إحــدى هــذه الكتابــات بداريــوش واألخــرى »اللجین«مدینةالفنوعاصمةصناعة للزائريــن بســياقة المراكــب لمســافات طويلــة مرقد باباطاهرعر ی ان بخشــايار شــاه ويتضمــن معناهــا الســام الخزفاالیرانیة و قدغمــرت أرض الكهــف بضعــة أمتــار مــن علــی »أهــورا مــزدا« )إلــه الزرادشــتيين(وذكر »اللجيــن« مدينــة تقــع علــی بعــد 1۸ الميــاه الصافيــة، و زينــت ســقفها وجدرانهــا نســب الملكيــن مــع دعــاء لحفــظ الوطــن. كيلومتــراً مــن مدينــة همــدان غــرب ايــران. و أحلــی وأروع االســتاالكتيتواالســتاالجميت هــي مركــز صناعــة االعمــال الخزفيــة، ليــس وأحجــار طبيعيــة مختلفــة علــی هيئــة گنبدعلوی ا ن)قبةالعلویی ن ( فــي همــدان فقــط بــل فــي كل ايــران، حيــث حيوانــات وأشــياء متنوعــة و جــزر صغيــرة و وهــي مــن أهــم اآلثــار االســامية فــي يمكــن مشــاهدة ورش ومحــات بيــع منتجات كبيــرة. وجديــر بالذكــر فانــه ال أثــر للحيــاة همــدان و تعــود إلــی أواخرعهدالســلجوقيين هــذه الصناعــة اليدويــة فــي كل حــارة وزقــاق فــي هــذه المغــارة وال فــي مياههمــا بســبب ويتشــكل هــذا البنــاء مــن أربعــة أضــاع و بيــت فــي هــذه البلــده الصغيــرة.و الخــزف، فقــدان النــور الطبيعــي، ولكــن قــد توزعــت تناهــت فــي أكنافــه النقــوش الفنيــة الرائعــة هــي الهديــة، التــي يبتاعهــا كل زائــر، و تعتبــر فــي كل أرجائهــا أســاك كهربائيــة لتوفيــر باســتعمال الكلــس و الجــص و قــد دفــن ذكــرى و هديــة الســفر، التــي تشــتهر بهــا االضــاءة الا زمــة للزائريــن. يبلــغ ارتفــاع اثنــان مــن العلوييــن فــي مغــارة تقــع فــي مدينــة همــدان. الســقف فــي الكثيــر مــن القاعــات أربعيــن گنبدعلوی ا ن

كهفعليصدر مة( )الكتابات الق ی كنجنامه بههاي كت ی