Scorpion Toxin Peptide Action at the Ion Channel Subunit Level
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Tetrodotoxin
Niharika Mandal et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(7),3567-3570 Review Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Tetrodotoxin: An intriguing molecule Niharika Mandal*, Samanta Sekhar Khora, Kanagaraj Mohanapriya, and Soumya Jal School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632013 Tamil Nadu, India Received on:07-04-2012; Revised on: 12-05-2012; Accepted on:16-06-2012 ABSTRACT Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent neurotoxin of biological origin. It was first isolated from puffer fish and it has been discovered in various arrays of organism since then. Its origin is still unclear though some reports indicate towards microbial origin. TTX selectively blocks the sodium channel, inhibiting action potential thereby, leading to respiratory paralysis. TTX toxicity is mainly caused due to consumption of puffer fish. No Known antidote for TTX exists. Treatment is symptomatic. The present review is therefore, an effort to give an idea about the distribution, origin, structure, pharmacol- ogy, toxicity, symptoms, treatment, resistance and application of TTX. Key words: Tetrodotoxin, Neurotoxin, Puffer fish. INTRODUCTION One of the most intriguing biotoxins isolated and described in the twentieth cantly more toxic than TTX. Palytoxin and maitotoxin have potencies nearly century is the neurotoxin, Tetrodotoxin (TTX, CAS Number [4368-28-9]). 100 times that of TTX and Saxitoxin, and all four toxins are unusual in being A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on neurons usually by interact- non-proteins. Interestingly, there is also some evidence for a bacterial bio- ing with membrane proteins and ion channels mostly resulting in paralysis. -
Convergent Recruitment of Knottin and Defensin Peptide Scaffolds Into the Venom of Predatory Assassin Flies
Journal Pre-proof Weaponisation ‘on the fly’: convergent recruitment of knottin and defensin peptide scaffolds into the venom of predatory assassin flies Jiayi Jin, Akello J. Agwa, Tibor G. Szanto, Agota Csóti, Gyorgy Panyi, Christina I. Schroeder, Andrew A. Walker, Glenn F. King PII: S0965-1748(19)30425-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103310 Reference: IB 103310 To appear in: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Received Date: 8 October 2019 Revised Date: 12 December 2019 Accepted Date: 16 December 2019 Please cite this article as: Jin, J., Agwa, A.J., Szanto, T.G., Csóti, A., Panyi, G., Schroeder, C.I, Walker, A.A., King, G.F., Weaponisation ‘on the fly’: convergent recruitment of knottin and defensin peptide scaffolds into the venom of predatory assassin flies Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103310. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Intended for submission to Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Special Issue on Active Peptides in Insects Weaponisation ‘on the fly’: convergent recruitment of knottin and defensin peptide scaffolds into the venom of predatory assassin flies Jiayi Jin 1, Akello J. -
Suppression of Potassium Conductance by Droperidol Has
Anesthesiology 2001; 94:280–9 © 2001 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Suppression of Potassium Conductance by Droperidol Has Influence on Excitability of Spinal Sensory Neurons Andrea Olschewski, Dr.med.,* Gunter Hempelmann, Prof., Dr.med., Dr.h.c.,† Werner Vogel, Prof., Dr.rer.nat.,‡ Boris V. Safronov, P.D., Ph.D.§ Background: During spinal and epidural anesthesia with opi- Naϩ conductance.5–8 The sensitivity of different compo- oids, droperidol is added to prevent nausea and vomiting. The nents of Naϩ current to droperidol has further been mechanisms of its action on spinal sensory neurons are not studied in spinal dorsal horn neurons9 by means of the well understood. It was previously shown that droperidol se- 10,11 lectively blocks a fast component of the Na؉ current. The au- “entire soma isolation” (ESI) method. The ESI Downloaded from http://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/94/2/280/403011/0000542-200102000-00018.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 thors studied the action of droperidol on voltage-gated K؉ chan- method allowed a visual identification of the sensory nels and its effect on membrane excitability in spinal dorsal neurons within the spinal cord slice and further pharma- horn neurons of the rat. cologic study of ionic channels in their isolated somata Methods: Using a combination of the patch-clamp technique and the “entire soma isolation” method, the action of droperi- under conditions in which diffusion of the drug mole- -dol on fast-inactivating A-type and delayed-rectifier K؉ chan- cules is not impeded by the connective tissue surround nels was investigated. -
Biological Toxins Fact Sheet
Work with FACT SHEET Biological Toxins The University of Utah Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) reviews registrations for work with, possession of, use of, and transfer of acute biological toxins (mammalian LD50 <100 µg/kg body weight) or toxins that fall under the Federal Select Agent Guidelines, as well as the organisms, both natural and recombinant, which produce these toxins Toxins Requiring IBC Registration Laboratory Practices Guidelines for working with biological toxins can be found The following toxins require registration with the IBC. The list in Appendix I of the Biosafety in Microbiological and is not comprehensive. Any toxin with an LD50 greater than 100 µg/kg body weight, or on the select agent list requires Biomedical Laboratories registration. Principal investigators should confirm whether or (http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/i not the toxins they propose to work with require IBC ndex.htm). These are summarized below. registration by contacting the OEHS Biosafety Officer at [email protected] or 801-581-6590. Routine operations with dilute toxin solutions are Abrin conducted using Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) practices and Aflatoxin these must be detailed in the IBC protocol and will be Bacillus anthracis edema factor verified during the inspection by OEHS staff prior to IBC Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin Botulinum neurotoxins approval. BSL2 Inspection checklists can be found here Brevetoxin (http://oehs.utah.edu/research-safety/biosafety/ Cholera toxin biosafety-laboratory-audits). All personnel working with Clostridium difficile toxin biological toxins or accessing a toxin laboratory must be Clostridium perfringens toxins Conotoxins trained in the theory and practice of the toxins to be used, Dendrotoxin (DTX) with special emphasis on the nature of the hazards Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) associated with laboratory operations and should be Diphtheria toxin familiar with the signs and symptoms of toxin exposure. -
Characterization of Functional Effects of Two New Active Fractions
Basic and Clinical January, February 2019, Volume 10, Number 1 Research Paper: Characterization of Functional Effects of Two New Active Fractions Isolated From Scorpion Venom on Neuronal Ca2+ Spikes: A Possible Action on Ca2+- Dependent Dependent K+ Channels Hanieh Tamadon1, Zahra Ghasemi2 , Fatemeh Ghasemi1, Narges Hosseinmardi1, Hossein Vatanpour3, Mahyar Janahmadi1* 1. Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Use your device to scan and read the article online Citation Tamadon, H., Ghasemi, Z., Ghasemi, F., Hosseinmardi, N., Vatanpour, H., & Janahmadi, M. (2019). Characterization of Functional Effects of Two New Active Fractions Isolated From Scorpion Venom on Neuronal Ca2+ Spikes: A Possible Action on Ca2+-Dependent Dependent K+ Channels. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 10(1), 49-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.9.10.350 : http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.9.10.352 A B S T R A C T Introduction: It is a long time that natural toxin research is conducted to unlock the medical potential of toxins. Although venoms-toxins cause pathophysiological conditions, they may Article info: be effective to treat several diseases. Since toxins including scorpion toxins target voltage- Received: 26 Oct 2017 gated ion channels, they may have profound effects on excitable cells. Therefore, elucidating First Revision:10 Nov 2017 the cellular and electrophysiological impacts of toxins, particularly scorpion toxins would be Accepted: 30 Apr 2018 helpful in future drug development opportunities. -
Animal Venom Derived Toxins Are Novel Analgesics for Treatment Of
Short Communication iMedPub Journals 2018 www.imedpub.com Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol.2 No.1:6 Animal Venom Derived Toxins are Novel Upadhyay RK* Analgesics for Treatment of Arthritis Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP, India Abstract *Corresponding authors: Ravi Kant Upadhyay Present review article explains use of animal venom derived toxins as analgesics of the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation occurs in arthritis. It is a [email protected] progressive degenerative joint disease that put major impact on joint function and quality of life. Patients face prolonged inappropriate inflammatory responses and bone erosion. Longer persistent chronic pain is a complex and debilitating Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur condition associated with a large personal, mental, physical and socioeconomic University, Gorakhpur, UttarPradesh, India. burden. However, for mitigation of inflammation and sever pain in joints synthetic analgesics are used to provide quick relief from pain but they impose many long Tel: 9838448495 term side effects. Venom toxins showed high affinity to voltage gated channels, and pain receptors. These are strong inhibitors of ion channels which enable them as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain. Present article Citation: Upadhyay RK (2018) Animal Venom emphasizes development of a new class of analgesic agents in form of venom Derived Toxins are Novel Analgesics for derived toxins for the treatment of arthritis. Treatment of Arthritis. J Mol Sci. Vol.2 No.1:6 Keywords: Analgesics; Venom toxins; Ion channels; Channel inhibitors; Pain; Inflammation Received: February 04, 2018; Accepted: March 12, 2018; Published: March 19, 2018 Introduction such as the back, spine, and pelvis. -
Production of Scorpion Antivenom From
Received: March 6, 2007 J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis. Accepted: May 9, 2007 V.13, n.4, p.844-856, 2007. Abstract published online: May 9, 2007 Original paper. Full paper published online: November 30, 2007 ISSN 1678-9199. COMPARISON OF PROTEINS, LETHALITY AND IMMUNOGENIC COMPOUNDS OF Androctonus crassicauda (OLIVIER, 1807) (SCORPIONES: BUTHIDAE) VENOM OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT METHODS OZKAN O. (1, 2), KAR S. (2), GÜVEN E. (2) ERGUN G. (3) (1) Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara, Turkey; (2) Department of Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; (3) Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ABSTRACT: Scorpions are venomous arthropods of the class Arachnida and are considered relatives of spiders, ticks and mites. There are approximately 1,500 species of scorpions worldwide, which are characterized by an elongated body and a segmented tail that ends in a venomous stinger. No specific treatment is available for scorpion envenomation, except for the use of antivenom. The current study aimed at comparing protein content and lethality of Androctonus crassicauda venom extracted by two different methods (electric stimulation and maceration of telsons). The LD50 calculated by probit analysis was 1.1mg/kg for venom obtained by electric stimulation and 39.19mg/kg for venom obtained by maceration of telsons. In the electrophoretic analysis, protein bands of the venom sample obtained by electric stimulation were between 12 and 53kDa (total: five bands), and those of venom extracted by maceration appeared as multiple protein bands, relative to the other venom sample. Low-molecular-weight proteins, revealed by western blotting, played an important immunogenic role in the production of antivenom. -
ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE.Pdf
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE FOSFOLIPASE-D RECOMBINANTE DO VENENO DA ARANHA MARROM (Loxosceles intermedia) SOBRE A PROLIFERAÇÃO, INFLUXO DE CÁLCIO E METABOLISMO DE FOSFOLIPÍDIOS EM CÉLULAS TUMORAIS. CURITIBA 2014 i Wille, Ana Carolina Martins Avaliação da atividade de fosfolipase-D recombinante do veneno da aranha marrom (Loxosceles intermedia) sobre a proliferação, influxo de cálcio e metabolismo de fosfolipídios em células tumorais Curitiba, 2014. 217p. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR 1.veneno de aranha marrom. 2. fosfolipase-D. 3.proliferação celular. 4.metabolismo de lipídios. 5.influxo de cálcio. ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE FOSFOLIPASE-D RECOMBINANTE DO VENENO DA ARANHA MARROM (Loxosceles intermedia) SOBRE A PROLIFERAÇÃO, INFLUXO DE CÁLCIO E METABOLISMO DE FOSFOLIPÍDIOS EM CÉLULAS TUMORAIS. Tese apresentada como requisito à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Curso de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientador(a): Dra. Andrea Senff Ribeiro Co-orientador: Dr. Silvio Sanches Veiga CURITIBA 2014 ii O desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível devido ao apoio financeiro do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação Araucária e SETI-PR. iii Dedico este trabalho àquela que antes da sua existência foi o grande sonho que motivou minha vida. Sonho que foi a base para que eu escolhesse uma profissão e um trabalho. À você, minha amada filha GIOVANNA, hoje minha realidade, dedico todo meu trabalho. iv Dedico também este trabalho ao meu amado marido, amigo, professor e co- orientador Dr. -
Bioinformatic Characterizations and Prediction of K+ and Na+ Ion Channels Effector Toxins
Bioinformatic characterizations and prediction of K+ and Na+ ion channels effector toxins. Rima Soli, Belhassen Kaabi, Mourad Barhoumi, Mohamed El-Ayeb, Najet Srairi-Abid To cite this version: Rima Soli, Belhassen Kaabi, Mourad Barhoumi, Mohamed El-Ayeb, Najet Srairi-Abid. Bioinformatic characterizations and prediction of K+ and Na+ ion channels effector toxins.. BMC Pharmacology, BioMed Central, 2009, 9, pp.4. 10.1186/1471-2210-9-4. pasteur-00612552 HAL Id: pasteur-00612552 https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00612552 Submitted on 2 Aug 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BMC Pharmacology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Bioinformatic characterizations and prediction of K+ and Na+ ion channels effector toxins Rima Soli†1, Belhassen Kaabi*†1,3, Mourad Barhoumi1, Mohamed El-Ayeb2 and Najet Srairi-Abid2 Address: 1Laboratory of Epidemiology and Ecology of Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, 2Laboratory of Venom and Toxins, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia and 3Research and Teaching Building, -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,062,119 B2 Varga Et Al
USOO90621-19B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,062,119 B2 Varga et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 23, 2015 (54) MODIFIED PEPTIDE TOXINS OTHER PUBLICATIONS (71) Applicants:Zoltan Varga, Debrecen (HU); Gyorgy Bagdanyi, M. et al. Anuroctoxin, a new scorpion toxin of the alpha Panyi, Debrecen (HU); Gabor Toth, KTX 6 subfamily, is highly selective for Kv1.3 over IKCal ion Szeged (HU); Kinga Rakosi, Szeged channels of human T lymphocytes. Mol Pharmacol (2005), vol. 67. (HU) pp. 1034-1044. Batista, CV. et al. Two novel toxins from the Amazonian scorpion (72) Inventors: Zoltan Varga, Debrecen (HU); Gyorgy Tityus cambridgei that block Kv1.3 and Shaker BK(+)-channels with Panyi, Debrecen (HU); Gabor Toth, distinctly different affinities. Biochim Biophys Acta (2002), vol. Szeged (HU); Kinga Rakosi, Szeged 1601, pp. 123-131. Beeton, C. et al. Selective blockade of T lymphocyte K+ channels (HU) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model (73) Assignees: University of Debrecen, Debrecen for multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2001), vol. 98, pp. (HU); University of Szeged, Szeged 13942-13947. Beeton, C. et al. Kv1.3 channels are a therapeutic target for T cell (HU) mediated autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl AcadSci USA (2006), vol. 103, pp. 17414-17419. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Corzo, G. et al. A selective blocker of Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 potassium patent is extended or adjusted under 35 channels from the venom of the Scorpion Centruroides suffusus suf U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. fusus. Biochem Pharmacol (2008), vol. -
Slow Inactivation in Voltage Gated Potassium Channels Is Insensitive to the Binding of Pore Occluding Peptide Toxins
Biophysical Journal Volume 89 August 2005 1009–1019 1009 Slow Inactivation in Voltage Gated Potassium Channels Is Insensitive to the Binding of Pore Occluding Peptide Toxins Carolina Oliva, Vivian Gonza´lez, and David Naranjo Centro de Neurociencias de Valparaı´so, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaı´so, Valparaı´so, Chile ABSTRACT Voltage gated potassium channels open and inactivate in response to changes of the voltage across the membrane. After removal of the fast N-type inactivation, voltage gated Shaker K-channels (Shaker-IR) are still able to inactivate through a poorly understood closure of the ion conduction pore. This, usually slower, inactivation shares with binding of pore occluding peptide toxin two important features: i), both are sensitive to the occupancy of the pore by permeant ions or tetraethylammonium, and ii), both are critically affected by point mutations in the external vestibule. Thus, mutual interference between these two processes is expected. To explore the extent of the conformational change involved in Shaker slow inactivation, we estimated the energetic impact of such interference. We used kÿconotoxin-PVIIA (kÿPVIIA) and charybdotoxin (CTX) peptides that occlude the pore of Shaker K-channels with a simple 1:1 stoichiometry and with kinetics 100-fold faster than that of slow inactivation. Because inactivation appears functionally different between outside-out patches and whole oocytes, we also compared the toxin effect on inactivation with these two techniques. Surprisingly, the rate of macroscopic inactivation and the rate of recovery, regardless of the technique used, were toxin insensitive. We also found that the fraction of inactivated channels at equilibrium remained unchanged at saturating kÿPVIIA. -
Venom Week 2012 4Th International Scientific Symposium on All Things Venomous
17th World Congress of the International Society on Toxinology Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins & Venom Week 2012 4th International Scientific Symposium on All Things Venomous Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 8 – 13, 2012 1 Table of Contents Section Page Introduction 01 Scientific Organizing Committee 02 Local Organizing Committee / Sponsors / Co-Chairs 02 Welcome Messages 04 Governor’s Proclamation 08 Meeting Program 10 Sunday 13 Monday 15 Tuesday 20 Wednesday 26 Thursday 30 Friday 36 Poster Session I 41 Poster Session II 47 Supplemental program material 54 Additional Abstracts (#298 – #344) 61 International Society on Thrombosis & Haemostasis 99 2 Introduction Welcome to the 17th World Congress of the International Society on Toxinology (IST), held jointly with Venom Week 2012, 4th International Scientific Symposium on All Things Venomous, in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 8 – 13, 2012. This is a supplement to the special issue of Toxicon. It contains the abstracts that were submitted too late for inclusion there, as well as a complete program agenda of the meeting, as well as other materials. At the time of this printing, we had 344 scientific abstracts scheduled for presentation and over 300 attendees from all over the planet. The World Congress of IST is held every three years, most recently in Recife, Brazil in March 2009. The IST World Congress is the primary international meeting bringing together scientists and physicians from around the world to discuss the most recent advances in the structure and function of natural toxins occurring in venomous animals, plants, or microorganisms, in medical, public health, and policy approaches to prevent or treat envenomations, and in the development of new toxin-derived drugs.