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Princely Suburb, Armenian Quarter Or Christian Ghetto? the Urban Setting of New Julfa in the Safavid Capital of Isfahan (1605-1722)
Ina Baghdiantz-MacCabe* Princely Suburb, Armenian Quarter or Christian Ghetto? The Urban Setting of New Julfa in the Safavid Capital of Isfahan (1605-1722) Résumé. Faubourg princier, quartier arménien ou ghetto chrétien ? L’établissement urbain de New Joulfa dans la capitale safavide d’Ispahan (1605-1722). L’article examine les lieux d’habitation des Arméniens à Isfahan et dans le nouveau bourg de la Nouvelle Joulfa, un quartier résidentiel construit spécialement pour recevoir les marchands de soie de Joulfa déportés à Isfahan en 1604 par Abbas Ier (r.1587-1629). Ce quartier se trouve, non sans raison politique, face aux résidences des notables, souvent eux mêmes originaires du Caucase pendant ce règne, dans la nouvelle capitale d’Isfahan. Il est démontré que, contrairement aux villes arabes sous domination ottomane étudiées par André Raymond, comme Alep ou Le Caire, il n’existait pas un quartier arménien. À leur arrivée, seuls les marchands prospères s’étaient vus accorder le droit de séjour dans le bourg de la Nouvelle Joulfa, tandis que les artisans et les domestiques habitaient parmi la population musulmane d’Isfahan même. La Nouvelle Joulfa était strictement réservée aux Joulfains. Aux termes d’un décret, les musulmans, les missionnaires catholiques et les autres arméniens, n’étaient autorisés à y résider. Cette situation changerait vers le milieu du XVIIe siècle. Après 1655, ce qui était un bourg “princier” – car le prévôt des marchands de Joulfa provient, selon les sources, d’une famille considérée princière –, deviendrait un “quartier arménien”, les Arméniens d’ Isfahan, après avoir été chassés de la capitale, ayant été transférés vers le bourg. -
Zar-O Zur: Gold and Force: Safavid Iran As a Tributary Empire
Chapter 2 Zar-o Zur: Gold and Force: Safavid Iran as a Tributary Empire Rudi Matthee Introduction The first decade of the twenty-first century saw a plethora of scholarly writings on the concept of empire and its historical manifestations. Pro- pelled by the terrible events of 9/11 and the overseas wars the United States launched in their wake, this renewed attention to an old state struc- ture introduced and sought to generalize the proposition that, despite its habitual denial-cum amnesia with regard to its status, America consti- tutes a latter-day global empire. Within half a decade, forced to keep pace with evolving events, the emerging discussion changed course to fasten onto the notion that, barely begun, the end of the American empire was already in sight, that America’s imperial decline had set in as soon as its imperial status culminated. Safavid Iran, with a lifespan of 221 years, might sound like a remote and unlikely homologue. Yet, with the caveat that time in the modern world is compressed, that developments playing out over a decade today might have taken a century or more in the past, the simile is, on second thought, perhaps not an unreasonable one: The Safavids, too, “declined” (and collapsed) soon after attaining their peak. That, at least, is one of the arguments I advanced in an article pub- lished in 2010 in which I posed the question of whether the Safavids - 35 - Rudi Matthee presided over an empire at all.1 The very question might seem strange, yet the reason for posing it was simple: In the traditional literature, -
The Contributions of James F. Neill to the Development of the Modern Ameri Can Theatrical Stock Company
This dissertation has been 65—1234 microfilmed exactly as received ZUCCHERO, William Henry, 1930- THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAMES F. NEILL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN AMERI CAN THEATRICAL STOCK COMPANY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1964 Speech—Theater University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by William Henry Zucchero 1965 THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAMES F. NEILL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN AMERICAN THEATRICAL STOCK COMPANY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By William Henry Zucchero, B.S., M.A. * * * * * $ The Ohio State University 1964 Approved by PLEASE NOTE: Plates are not original copy. Some are blurred and indistinct. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. PREFACE Appreciation is extended to the individuals, named below, for the aid each has given in the research, prepara tion, and execution of this study. The gathering of pertinent information on James F. Neill, his family, and his early life, was made possible through the efforts of Mrs. Eugene A. Stanley of the Georgia Historical Society, Mr. C. Robert Jones (Director, the Little Theatre of Savannah, Inc.), Miss Margaret Godley of the Savannah Public Library, Mr. Frank Rossiter (columnist, The Savannah Morning News). Mrs. Gae Decker (Savannah Chamber of Commerce), Mr. W. M. Crane (University of Georgia Alumni Association), Mr. Don Williams (member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon— Neill’s college fraternity), and Mr. Alfred Kent Mordecai of Savannah, Georgia. For basic research on the operation of the Neill company, and information on stock companies, in general, aid was provided by Mrs. -
Nashville Community Theatre: from the Little Theatre Guild
NASHVILLE COMMUNITY THEATRE: FROM THE LITTLE THEATRE GUILD TO THE NASHVILLE COMMUNITY PLAYHOUSE A THESIS IN Theatre History Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri – Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS by ANDREA ANDERSON B.A., Trevecca Nazarene University, 2003 Kansas City, Missouri 2012 © 2012 ANDREA JANE ANDERSON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE LITTLE THEATRE MOVEMENT IN NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE: THE LITTLE THEATRE GUILD AND THE NASHVILLE COMMUNITY PLAYHOUSE Andrea Jane Anderson, Candidate for the Master of Arts Degree University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2012 ABSTRACT In the early 20th century the Little Theatre Movement swept through the United States. Theatre enthusiasts in cities and towns across the country sought to raise the standards of theatrical productions by creating quality volunteer-driven theatre companies that not only entertained, but also became an integral part of the local community. This paper focuses on two such groups in the city of Nashville, Tennessee: the Little Theatre Guild of Nashville (later the Nashville Little Theatre) and the Nashville Community Playhouse. Both groups shared ties to the national movement and showed a dedication for producing the most current and relevant plays of the day. In this paper the formation, activities, and closure of both groups are discussed as well as their impact on the current generation of theatre artists. iii APPROVAL PAGE The faculty listed below, appointed by the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, have examined a thesis titled “Nashville Community Theatre: From the Little Theatre Guild to the Nashville Community Playhouse,” presented by Andrea Jane Anderson, candidate for the Master of Arts degree, and certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. -
'The Conceits of Poetry': Firdausi's Shahnama
Mario Casari ‘The Conceits of Poetry’: Firdausi’s Shahnama and the discovery of Persian in early modern Europe The Muse of the Coming Age In one of his few meta-literary stories, written in 1861, the famous Danish fairy tale writer, Hans Christian Andersen, posed a question to the reader about the future of literature in the century to come. ‘The Muse of the Coming Age, whom our great grandchildren, or possibly a later generation still, but not ourselves, shall make acquaintance with, – how does she manifest herself ? What is her face and form? What is the burden of her song? Whose heart-strings shall she touch? To what summit shall she lift her century?’ Responding with the gaze of a Romantic writer, Anderson proposes a number of possible figures, at the crossroads of the poetic tradition and modern scientific prose. But what is certain to him is that the Muse ‘in the vast workshop of the present . is born, where steam exerts its sinews’; ‘The nurse has sung to her of Eivind Skalde-spiller and Firdusi, of the Minnesingers and what Heine, boyish-bold, sang from his very poet’s soul . ’. Thus, to Andersen, the Persian poet Firdausi was among the required body of knowledge for anyone who aimed at creating literature in the coming age; an age whose Muse was launched towards the future as a locomotive pushed by the force of steam. Andersen added, with emphasis and visionary passion: ‘Europe’s railways hedge old Asia’s fast- sealed culture-archives – the opposing streams of human culture meet! . -
F—Période Moderne
f—Période moderne THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN NEW JULFA POST-1650: THE IMPACT OF CONVERSIONS TO ISLAM ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE. by INA BAGHDIANTZ-MCCABE Bennington College Bennington Vermont USA The social and economic conditions which drove many Armenian merchants to desert their homes in the suburb of New Julfa in Safavid Iran at the end of the seventeenth century deserve closer study. Although the few extant scholarly works on the prosperous suburb of New Julfa invariably refer to the onset of religious tension at the end of the century, none explore the impact of conversions on the wealthy community. Many sources provide vivid passages which remain unexploited. Among the subjects most neglected is conversion to Islam, which emerges as a formidable challenge to the community and a major aspect of daily life in New Julfa mid-century onwards. Unlike Armenian communities else- where, such as the community of Poland in the seventeenth century, which was united with the Roman Catholic Church, the majority of the New Julfa population remained affiliated to the Armenian Apostolic Church1. While episodes of forced conversions among other Armenian groups within Iran also remain to be studied, the New Julfa community, privileged and exempt from persecution, has not even been considered for conversions to Islam. We have argued elsewhere that at the end of the century Armenian international trade in silk and silver was the envy of the European East India Companies2; and it has been assumed without exception, that the 1 GHOUGASSIAN's 1995 study on the diocese of New Julfa finds that there are very few Catholics in the suburb. -
Why Did the Catholic Missionaries Fail to Convert
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Gunay Heydarli, 2019 Volume 5 Issue 3, pp. 1003-1019 Date of Publication: 27th November 2019 DOI- https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.53.10031019 This paper can be cited as: Heydarli, G. (2019). Why Did the Catholic Missionaries Fail to Convert the Armenian and Georgian Community of the Safavid Empire in the 17th Century? PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 1003-1019. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. WHY DID THE CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES FAIL TO CONVERT THE ARMENIAN AND GEORGIAN COMMUNITY OF THE SAFAVID EMPIRE IN THE 17th CENTURY? Gunay Heydarli Faculty of History, Baku State University, Azerbaijan [email protected] This work was supported by the US Embassy in Azerbaijan Abstract In the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it lost its influence over Europe. The Church turned its policy to the East to propagate the faith. For nearly a century, the missionaries were represented in the Safavid provinces and attempted to win the Eastern Christian Population for the Catholic Church. On the other hand,with the flow of Catholic missionaries caused the increase of intercultural and interreligious exchanges. This paper examines the Catholic missionaries’motives to bring the Safavids’ Eastern Christian Community under papal jurisdiction as well as the reception that the Safavid rulers, Armenian Church and Georgian Church offered vis-a- vis this group. -
Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology: the Case Study of Iran
Durham E-Theses Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology: The Case Study of Iran DAROOGHEH-NOKHODCHERI, RANA How to cite: DAROOGHEH-NOKHODCHERI, RANA (2014) Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology: The Case Study of Iran , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10658/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology: The Case Study of Iran Rana Daroogheh-Nokhodcheri Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D The Department of Archaeology Durham University 2014 Abstract Since the first pillars of the discipline of archaeology were laid in the nineteenth century, archaeologists have been aware of the potential employment of their research for political purposes. Despite the recognition of the role of archaeology in politics, and specifically in the instigation and promotion of different brands of nationalism, there have been few studies that focused on Iran. -
Dramatic Opinions and Essays with an Apology by Bernard Shaw
DRAMATIC OPINIONS AND ESSAYS WITH AN APOLOGY BY BERNARD SHAW CONTAINING AS WELL A WORD ON THE DRAMATIC OPINIONS AND ESSAYS OF BERNARD SHAW BY JAMES HUNEKER VOLUME ONE NEW YORK: BRENTANO‟S, MCMXXII CONTENTS A Word on the Dramatic Opinions and Essays of Bernard Shaw by James Huneker The Author‟s Apology by Bernard Shaw Slaves of the Ring Two New Plays King Arthur Poor Shakespeare! An Old New Play and a New Old One Mr. Pinero‟s New Play The Independent Theatre Repents L‟Œuvre At the Theatres Two Bad Plays Spanish Tragedy and English Farce Mr. Irving Takes Paregoric The Two Latest Comedies A New Lady Macbeth and a News Mrs. Ebbsmith Sardoodledom Two Plays Duse and Bernhardt La Princesse Lointaine Mr. Daly Fossilizes Poor Shakespeare! Toujours Daly The Season‟s Moral 2 Romeo and Juliet Pinero As He Is Acted The Chili Widow More Masterpieces The New Magdalen and the Old Trilby and “L‟Ami des Femmes” The Case for the Critic-Dramatist Manxsome and Traditional The Divided Way Told You So The Old Acting and the New Mr. John Hare One of the Worst New Year Dramas Plays of the Week Michael and His Lost Angel Church and the Stage Dear Harp of My Country! The Tailor and the Stage Two Plays Pinero and Grundy on G.B.S. The Return of Mrs. Pat Boiled Heroine Mary Anderson 3 Nietzsche in English Two Easter Pieces Punch and Judy Again The Immortal William The Farcical Comedy Outbreak Henry IV Resurrection Pie G.B.S. on Clement Stone 4 A WORD ON THE DRAMATIC OPINIONS AND ESSAYS OF BERNARD SHAW BY JAMES HUNEKER THIS book is composed of selections from the dra- matic criticisms of Bernard Shaw, which ap- peared in the London Saturday Review, begin- ning January 5th, 1895, and ending May 21st, 1898— a notable period in the history of that journal, for it inaugurated the regime of Frank Harris, and the ad- vent of such brilliant writers as Shaw, Harris, MacColl, Runciman, Cunninghame Graham, and other distin- guished spirits. -
Zoroastrians and the State in Safavid Iran1
Bulletin of SOAS, Page 1 of 27. © SOAS, University of London, 2017. doi:10.1017/S0041977X17000015 On the margins of minority life: Zoroastrians and the state in Safavid Iran1 Kioumars Ghereghlou Columbia University, New York [email protected] Abstract This article looks at the treatment of the Zoroastrians by central and pro- vincial authorities in early modern Yazd, Kirman and Isfahan, emphasiz- ing the institutional weaknesses of the central or khāsṣạprotection they were supposed to benefit from under the Safavids (907–1135/1501– 1722). It is argued that the maltreatment the Zoroastrians endured under the Safavids had little to do with religious bigotry. Rather, it arose from rivalries between the central and the provincial services of the Safavid bureaucracy, putting Zoroastrians in Yazd, Kirman, Sistan and Isfahan at risk of over-taxation, extortion, forced labour and religious persecution. The argument developed in this article pivots on the material interest of the central and the provincial agents of the Safavid bureaucracy in the revenue and labour potentials of the Zoroastrians, and the way in which the conflict of interest between these two sectors led to such acts of perse- cution as over-taxation, forced labour, extortion and violence. Keywords: Zoroastrians, Safavids, Religious minorities, Yazd, Kirman, Isfahan, Iran For much of the Safavid period (907–1135/1501–1722), the Zoroastrians of Yazd and Kirman, the two historical centres of bihdīn (Zoroastrian) population in Iran, lived under the supervision of the khāsṣạ(crown) services of the central bureaucracy. They contributed cash and free labour to the crown sector, in exchange for the protection that khāsṣạauthorities, including the shah and members of the royal family, were supposed to provide against maltreatment at the hands of local notables and non-khāsṣạelements in Yazd and Kirman. -
Dramatic Mirror, November 7, 1891, P. 8. 2. Helen Ten Broeck, “Rida Young—Dramatist and Garden Expert,” Theatre (April 1917): 202
NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. Ali Baba, “Mirror Interview: XXI—Martha Morton,” Dramatic Mirror, November 7, 1891, p. 8. 2. Helen Ten Broeck, “Rida Young—Dramatist and Garden Expert,” Theatre (April 1917): 202. 3. See Progressive Era at http://www.wikipedia.com. 4. Rachel Crothers (1878–1958), considered America’s first modern feminist playwright for her social comedies and woman-centered themes, is the only woman usually included within the “canon” of playwrights during the Progressive Era. Her production in 1906 of The Three of Us marked the beginning of a thirty-year career as a professional playwright and director in American theater. Her plays were well-constructed and dealt with pertinent issues of the time, such as the unfairness of the double standard and women’s conflicts between career and motherhood; her plays are still revived today. Unlike the other women in this study who are essentially “unknown,” Crothers has been extensively written about in dissertations and journals and, therefore, is not included in this study. For a recent arti- cle on Crothers, see Brenda Murphy, “Feminism and the Marketplace: The Career of Rachel Crothers,” in The Cambridge Companion to American Women Playwrights, ed. Brenda Murphy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 82–97. 5. About fifty-one women dramatists achieved two or more productions in New York between 1890 and 1920. Portions of this chapter are from Sherry Engle, “An ‘Irruption of Women Dramatists’: The Rise of America’s Woman Playwright, 1890–1920,” New England Theatre Journal 12 (2001): 27–50. 6. A prime example is Morton’s The Movers (1907), which despite being a box office failure, was defended by several prominent critics. -
Ada Rehan Papers Ms
Ada Rehan papers Ms. Coll. 191 Finding aid prepared by Kimberly Tully. Last updated on April 03, 2020. University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts 1997 Ada Rehan papers Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................6 Other Finding Aids........................................................................................................................................7 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 8 Incoming correspondence........................................................................................................................ 8 Memorabilia..........................................................................................................................................