Volume XXI No. 3 March, 1966 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE

ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH RIFUCHS IN GREAT BRITAIN

Home at Avenue Road, Highgate. The archi­ tect's plans had been finalised. They p'-^vided A YEAR OF ACHIEVEMENTS for 48 one-room flatlets in a tower block, 4 two-room flats, 1 three-room flat, a caretaker Annual AJR Board Meeting flat, communal rooms and other amenities. Each flat would be a self-contained unit with On January 30, the AJR held its Annual for the four ordinary Homes with altogether kitchen, bath and w.c. The plans had gone out Board Meeting at Hannah Karminski House, 180 residents had amounted to £11,800, and for for tender and a decision on the building con­ ^t Was the first time that the Board met in the Osmond House with 37 more infirm residents tractors would be taken shortly. Altogether AJR's own premises. The timing of the Meet- to £16,000. Reserves had been set aside for the costs (purchase price of site, building costs '•ig Was also of historical importance under a limited number of years, but the maintenance and professional fees) would be in the neigh­ another aspect: 1966 is the 25th year since the of the Homes would have to be secured beyond bourhood of £320,000. It was hoped to obtain AJR Was founded. that period and precautionary measures would a mortgage of £200,000. Of the remaining The Meeting was attended by more than 60 have to be taken in time. £120,000 two-thirds would be defrayed by the °oard members from London and the Two further building projects were under C.B.F. and one-third by the AJR Charitable Provinces. In his opening address, Mr. A. S. consideration. One scheme consisted of the Trust. Presel, Chairman of the AJR, paid tribute to extension of Osmond House to provide accom­ The annual running expenditure for main­ 'ne Executive and Board Members who had modation for 12 to 14 further residents. This tenance, fuel and service on the mortgage was Passed away : Mr. Henry Bendhem, Dr. Hans would be highly desirable because, apart from estimated at about £21,500. Part of this would ^leischhacker, Mrs. Hannah Philipp and Mrs. new applicants, there were residents in the be covered by public subsidies. However, the Ruth Berlak. He also extended a special wel­ other Homes who would benefit from a trans­ actual extent of these subsidies would depend come to the new Board Members who were fer to Osmond House. It would be equally on the fate of the Housing Subsidies Bill 1965 elected at the latest General Meeting, and desirable to establish a special hostel for those which had had its Second Reading in the ^ngratulated Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, a Board residents of the Homes who had lost their House. All necessary applications had been Member of long standing, on the award of a sense of orientation. Both schemes would, submitted to the authorities concerned, and Knighthood. however, have to be kept in abeyance until it although in viev; of the uncertainties involved In his general report. Dr. W. Rosenstock, is known, whether and to what extent further no definite timetable could be set up at this General ^^ecretary, stated that the year under funds become available. stage, everything would be done to speed up review had been marked by two outstanding The speaker paid tribute to the devoted the implementation of this important scheme. achievements : the opening of Hannah Karmin­ services of the staff and of the House Com­ The flatlets are meant for people over 60 ski House and the successful conclusion of mittees, all the members of which had come who can still manage their own household. the "Thank-You Britain" Fund. With the from the ranks of the AJR. It would, however, However, as the residents will require some establishment of Hannah Karminski Hou.se become increasingly necessary to enlist the kind of care, it is intended to engage a Matron. ^ith its beautiful Club Rooms the AJR co-operation of more members of the com­ Dr. E. A. Lomnitz, Deputy General Secretary, Club was enabled to expand its activities. paratively younger generation. He also stressed reported on the efforts aiming at the erection There were regular informal meetings in the the continued happy co-operation with the of Self-Supporting Homes for those who, due afternoons and evenings both for elderly C.B.F. to the assets at their disposal, do not qualify People and for middle-aged former refugees As before, AJR Information had rendered for admission to the existing Homes. At pre­ who were still working. Furthermore, indispensable services not only by informing sent a site in Stanmore for the erection of a functions of various kinds were arranged on members on current developments, but also by Self-Supporting Old Age Home is under con­ Sundays. The Meeting Hall and the kitchen making personalities and organisations in this sideration, but further developments depend facilities were also available for other organ­ country and abroad aware of our special hopes on the decision of the planning authorities. As isations and for private parties. and demands. a first step towards the establishment of a Self- The "Thank-You Britain" Fund had raised Turning to Finances, the speaker reported Supporting Flatlet Home, a Housing Society pliout £92,000 among 4,500 contributors. The that in 1965 the expenses (including those for has been founded under the name of " Even­ individual donations ranged from £1 to £2,000. the production of AJR Information and the tide Housing Society ". As in the case of the Although all major organisations of former maintenance of the AJR Club) had amounted Old Age Home, it is not easy to find a suitable refugees had been associated with the scheme. to about £15,000 of which only about £8,000 site, but several offers have been followed up. Its success was due mainly to the AJR which was covered by subscriptions and donations, Dr. F. Goldschmidt, Chief Legal Adviser to "ad put its administrative facilities at the dis­ leaving a deficit of £7,000. A scrutiny of URO and representative of the Council on posal of the Appeal. A brochure carrying the subscription payments had revealed that the Legal Committee of the Claims Confer­ addresses delivered by Professor Sir Hans A. about 33 per cent of the members paid the ence, reported on the negotiations carried out Krebs and Lord Robbins at the Handing-Over standard rate of £2, 18 per cent less than £2, by Dr. W. Breslauer and himself in connection "eremony at Saddlers' Hall under the Chair- 38 per cent between £3 and £5 and only 11 per with the "Haushaltssicherungsgesetz". (Details 'iianship of Mr. W. M. Behr, would be sent to cent more than £5. Both at the previous have been published in recent issues of AJR all contributors. The special committee set up Board Meeting and at the latest Annual Information—Ed.) He also dealt with the "y the British Academy for the awards of General Meeting speakers from the floor had negotiations about a new Implementary Order •"esearch fellowships would commence their expressed their amazement at this low to the Federal Indemnification Law. One of *ork in the course of the next weeks. level and pressed for measures by which the the main demands of the Council was an Turning to the activities of the AJR proper, deficit could be substantially reduced. Accord­ increase of the minimum " Renten " for per­ ^ne speaker stated that the services of the ingly, the Executive had decided to increase secutees who had been employees. ^•^R Social Services Department and the AJR the standard rate from £2 to £3 from 1966 Dr. Goldschmidt reported that, contrary to ^'Hiployment Agency were used not only by onwards, and at the same time to ask members previous Federal Parliaments, the present Pre-war refugees, but also by new arrivals. for a voluntary assessment beyond the mini­ Parliament had no special committee on As far as the work for the Homes was con­ mum rate, wherever possible. Individual restitution and compensation. These tasks cerned. Dr. Rosenstock reported that one of letters to that effect were being sent to all were now dealt with by a larger committee in ^"c general tasks which had come into the members. charge of all questions arising from war and foreground was the creation of more facilities Mr. A. S. Dresel, Chairman, reported that persecution. Rechtsanwalt Martin Hirsch, who Jo keep the residents active. With regard decisive progress had been made in the pre­ was the chairman of the Indemnification Com- '0 finances, he stated that in 1964 the deficit paratory work for the erection of a Flatlet Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 AJR A YEAR OF ACHIEVEMENTS NEWS FROM GERMANY AND AUSTRIA Continued from page 1 ATONEMENT TO JEWISH PEOPLE AUSTRIA mittee of the previous Parliament, had been appointed Vice-Chairman of this new Com­ Main Object of Dr. Adenauer's Policy Sympathy for Nazis mittee. In an interview on the occasion of his 90th Summing up the general position Dr. Gold­ birthday. Dr. Adenauer stated that reconcilia­ The acquittal of some Nazi war criminals schmidt pointed out that quite understandably tion with France and atonement to the and neo-Nazis and the light sentences imposed the promulgation of the Budget Law had had Jewish people had been the two main objec­ on others in Austrian jury trials has been a most disquieting effect on all persecutees. tives of his policy when he became Chancellor. reported before. Robert Verbelen, sentenced However, claimants should retain a certain " We had to come to a settlement with to death in absentia by a Brussels court in sense of proportion and also remember that, France, and we had to try to make good the wrongs afflicted on the Jews by the Nazis, as 1947 for the murder of Belgian Resistance on the whole, restitution and compensation had far as this was humanly possible." fighters, was recently acquitted by a Vienna been enacted and implemented on a much The Chancellor also recalled his meeting court. Erich Rajakovitch, a former S.S. larger scale than many had expected 15 years with Ben-Gurion in New York on the occasion lieutenant-colonel, charged with complicity in ago. Nevertheless, as before, the Council of of his visit to the United States. During his the murder of 83 Dutch Jews, was sentenced to Jews from Germany considers it its duty to stay he also laid a wreath on the memorial to two-and-a-half years' imprisonment in March remain vigilant. the murdered Jews. He had been warned by last year, his actual sentence amounting to The reports were followed by a vivid dis­ the American authorities that this might create six months as he had been held for two years. cussion in which the following Executive and disturbances, but nothing happened. Murer, ex-commandant of the Vilna Ghetto, Board Members participated: Dr. W. Dux, Dr. SHADOWS OF THE PAST secured an acquittal despite the fact that a L. G. T. King, Mr. F. Godfrey, Dr. E. Gould. Auschwitz Nazi Freed handful of survivors testified to having wit­ Mr. C. F. Flesch, Dr. H. G. Sandheim, Rabbi nessed personally his killing of their relatives. Dr. G. Salzberger, Dr. Martin Levy (Leicester), Robert Mulka, former adjutant of Auschwitz, When the verdict was announced the public Dr. J. Loeb, Mr. B. N. Bergmann (Glasgow). has been released from prison owing to ill applauded wildly and escorted Murer home in Dr. Erna Goldschmidt, Mr. O. L. Einstein (Man­ health. Last August he was gaoled for 14 triumph. Franz Novak, Eichmann's aide in chester) and Dr. Eva Reichmann. years, but as he had appealed he had not yet begun to serve his sentence. Hungary, was sentenced to eight years—an All speakers expressed their appreciation of unusually stiff sentence by Austrian standards the widespread and effective work of the AJR. Scientists in Cairo —for organising deportations in the full know­ With regard to the Homes, some of them stressed the need for the establishment of a According to Dr. Alfred Seidel, a Munich ledge of the fate awaiting deportees at lawyer, between 20 and 25 West German Auschwitz. However, he now faces a retrial. special hostel for disturbed residents of the scientists are still working on the development Homes. Others stated that it would be most of Egyptian rockets. He said that an American There is a persistence of antisemitic feeling advantageous to the atmosphere in the Homes, expert had succeeded Professor Wolfgang Pilz, in a country whose post-war Jewish population if the Committee in charge of the selection of the head of the West German rocket team in of 11,500 amounts to a minute fraction of new residents gave greater preference to Egypt, who returned to Germany last year. 1 per cent of the general population. There applicants in a comparatively good physical was, for instance, the occasion during a per­ and mental condition. RIGHT-WING PAPER DENIES EXTENT OF formance of Lessing's " Nathan the Wise" The question was also raised whether, in PERSECUTION at Vienna's National Theatre when the line: view of the great demand for accommodation In two of its recent articles the Right-wing " No matter ; the Jew must be burnt", led to National- und Soldatenzeitung (Munich) tried an outburst of clapping in the gallery. An in the Old Age Homes, it would not be more antisemitic statement made durmg a tele­ advisable to erect a further Old Age Home to refute the extent of the crimes perpetrated by the Nazis. One of the articles carries the vision—and Student Union-sponsored—appear­ instead of a Flatlet Home. In the reply from heading: " The Lie of the Six Million ance of the veteran Nazi, Professor Borodaj- the Chair, it was pointed out that the con­ Murdered Jews " and the sub-heading : " Thus kewicz, triggered off counter-demonstrations siderably larger funds required for the we are Blackmailed". In another article, and physical violence, when a neo-Nazi student establishment and maintenance of another Old published under the heading " We Discovered fatally injured an elderly non-Jewish concen­ Age Home would not be available and that, the Lie of the Gas Chambers ", the paper deals tration camp survivor. The culprit was let off indirectly, the Flatlet Home would also relieve with the position in the Dachau Concentration and Borodajkewicz is still on paid leave of pressure on the Old Age Homes. Camp and sets out to explain the difference absence. Speakers from the Provinces stressed that between gas chambers, as used in Auschwitz, and crematoria which were is use in most of A report issued by the European office of their attendance at the Board Meeting would the camps to dispose of the bodies of the the American Jewish Committee sayg that enable them to pass on the first-hand informa­ perished prisoners. there is indication of a " widespread state of tion received to members in their areas. The Organisation of Persecutees in Bavaria mind dangerous for democracy in Austria". Questions connected with Right-wing and has lodged a strong protest with Federal It is clear, states the report, that large sections antisemitic trends in Germany were also Minister of Justice Herr Jaeger, demanding of the Austrian population " have their own raised, and it was agreed that greater activity the prohibition of the paper. Both articles, reasons for considering Nazi crimes as not in this sphere might become necessary for the protest states, were an insult to the mem­ crimes at all; or, at any rate, as' crimes that the AJR. ory of the millions of Jews and resistance should be excused ".—(J.C.) fighters who were murdered by the Nazis. A vote of thanks to the Chairman was moved Accused Applauded in Court by Mr. W. M. Behr. The National- und Soldatenzeitung has a circu­ lation of 200,000 and is the second largest In Salzburg two former Polish officers are weekly in the Federal Republic. charged with complicity in the mass murder Your House for:— NEO-NAZI SENTENCED of Jews in Stanislav, Poland (now U.S.S.R.) during the war. The brothers, Johann and CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, An eight months' sentence was meted out in Wilhelm Mauer, acquired Austrian nationality Frankfurt on Bruno Luedtke, for distributing after the war. UPHOLSTERY anti-democratic pamphlets, using Nazi emblems The court was adjourned when members and establishing links with National Socialist of the public clapped their hands and shouted SPECIALITY groups abroad in an attempt to undermine " Bravo " after Dr. Kirsch, defending counsel, German democracy. The court was told that alleged that the brothers were the victims of Luedtke wanted to revive National Socialism a " Jewish plot". When proceedings were CONTINENTAL DOWN as a religion. The four months Luedtke spent resumed. Dr. Olscher, the prosecutor, in custody were deducted from the sentence expressed surprise that spectators in court QUILTS ! and he was put on probation for the remaining listened unmoved to evidence of atrocities, four months, thus going free. A medical report which contrasted with their applause when ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS was considered and Luedtke promised he would allegations of a " Jewish plot" were made. never again take part in politics. The prosecutor read a document showing that ESTIMATES FREE evidence for the trial was compiled by the TRIAL Central Agency for the Investigation of Nazi DAWSON-LANE LIMITED A Lueneberg court acquitted Otto Loebel, a Crimes at Ludwigsburg, and not by an former Nazi police officer at Czestochowa. Austrian, Jewish or a Communist institution. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK A survivor of the ghetto there, Mr. Zeev Survivors of the Stanislav Ghetto told the Toronczyk, told the court that Loebel had court that the Mauers took an active part in Te'ephone : ARN. 6671 always helped the Jews whenever he could the executions. The brothers claim that they and that he had once helped a Jewish woman were used only as warders during the shoot­ Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman. to escape. The other defendant, former police­ ing of prisoners. At the preliminary inquiries man Kurt Jericho, was sentenced to life they said they had never entered the ghetto imprisonment. and bad iierved as interpreters.—(J.C.) I AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLChJVDAlCA Lord Sieff IN PARLIAMENT MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE Mr. Israel Moses Sieff, who received a life Appointments Communal officials state that the trend peerage in the New Year Honours List, has Mr. John Silkin, M.P., has been appointed revealed by the Registrar-General's office has chosen the title of Baron Sieff of Brimpton J^overnment Whip to fill the vacancy caused not been arrested, and the percentage of in the Royal County of Berkshire. Lord Sieff Jewish marriages performed in England and was elected a member of the Court of Patrons ny the resignation of Mr. George Rogers. The Wales continues to drop. A proportional of the Royal College of Surgeons, in recog­ youngest son of Lord Silkin. Mr. Silkin, aged decline in Jewish marriages has taken place nition of his, his family's and Marks & Spen­ *2, was in November, 1964, appointed an every year since 1934. Twenty-two years ago, cer's support of the college. assistant Labour Whip. nine out of every 100 marriages in this country Mr. Reg Freeson, M.P. for Willesden East, with a religious ceremony were Jewish. By ChurchiU Chair has been appointed Parliamentary Private 1962 this number had dropped to six. secretary to Mrs. Barbara Castle, the Minister A spokesman for the Jewish Marriage Guid­ The third annual dinner of the British of Transport. He held the same post with the ance Council stated that the greatest number Friends of Bar-llan University, held at the Previous Transport Minister, Mr. Tom Fraser. of Jewish divorces occurs among young Savoy Hotel, was held on the first anniversary " The Joel Brand Story " married couples. Promiscuity was on the of the death of Sir Winston Churchill. The increase and this, coupled with the drift away main event was the inauguration of the Winston Lord Moyne tabled a question in the House from religion, was contributing to the grow­ Churchill Chair of International Relations and of Lords asking whether official records show ing divorce rate among Jews. It is believed Political Science. £28,000 has been raised {hat the interview ever took place between the by lawyers and others with professional of the £100,000 required for the endowment. late Lord Moyne and the late Joel Brand, knowledge of the subject that the rate of Mr. Herbert Bowden. M.P., recalled the high­ alleged by the BBC in a "Radio Times" edition break-ups in Anglo-Jewish marriages is increas­ lights of Sir Winston's pro-Zionist activity. and given verbatim in a play entitled " The ing. Among the Orthodox, divorce is due. It was fitting, he said, that the Chair should Joel Brand Story ". nine times out of ten, to mental illness, which bear the name of the great man who had all However, he withdrew the question after a has a particularly high rate among Jews, of his life described himself as an unrepentant letter by him was published in a later edition one or both partners. Another common factor Zionist. Of the " Radio Times ", together with an edi- is the mismanagement of the sex relation­ An honorary fellowship of Bar-llan was tonal footnote according to which the broad­ ship and the misuse of birth control devices; bestowed on Professor Paul Dirac, of St. John's cast of the play did not imply an endorsement the tendency towards gambling; the high pro­ College, Cambridge, the eminent physicist and °f the historical truth of the events shown. portion of interfering parents and the large number of spoiled young Jewish wives. Nobel Prize winner, recently a visiting professor at the university. Prospective Candidates Religion, too, can be a cause of conflict as well as a binding factor. Jewish couples also Mr. C. Bernard Kissen has been adopted by tend to go direct to a solicitor instead of to a Youth Aliyah l^abour for the Hastings constituency. The marriage guidance counsellor. Mixed labour Party has chosen Mr. Cyril Rofe for marriages are the most vulnerable of all. Some Because of lack of funds. Youth Aliyah {fle Esher constituency. Mr. Michael Coine of these marriages turn out well but the will, until April, have to refuse to accept "as been chosen to stand for the Liberals at majority fails, the heredity backgrounds of 4,000 children who have arrived in Israel and 'nat constituency.—(J.C.) both partners being too dissimilar to make for 2,000 more still in the Diaspora who wish to a successful marriage, the conflict worsening enter the State. The only exceptions will be INCREASE IN ANTISEMFTISM those who are totally orphaned. This is the when there are children. first time, in more than 30 years of its exist­ Mr. Maurice Edelman, M.P., president of the ence, that Youth Aliyah has been obliged to '^nglo-Jewish Association, at a council meeting JEWISH MAYORS shut its doors against children in need. It gave a warning against the Anglo-Jewish com- wa,s pointed out that the ban comes at a fnunity treating recent outbreaks of antisemit­ The United Jewish Friendly Society gave time when children in many parts* of the ism with complacency. He was referring a reception in honour of Councillor S. Fisher, world are suffering anti-Jewish discrimination specifically to the recent attack in Stamford Mayor of Camden, and the only Jewish Mayor or, as in the case of India, abject poverty. «ul by a gang of armed youths on a 17-year- of any of Greater London's 32 boroughs. oid yeshiva student. The next Lord Mayor of Leeds will be £1,000 for Cancer Research , The attention of the Home Secretary had Alderman Joshua Samuel Walsh, leader of oeen drawn to this incident and to other the Labour group on the Leeds City Council. A cheque lor £1,000 was handed over to attacks on Jews in that locality, said Mr. Edel- Alderman Bernard Langton, Lord Mayor of the Yorkshire Council for Cancer Research jnan. As a result a special detective squad had Manchester, was presented with a medallion by the Leeds Jewish ladies^ committee for the ".een set up to investigate and stamp out on behalf of the Mayor of Jerusalem, at a British Empire Cancer Campaign. As a tribute Science in the neighbourhood. reception given in Manchester by the Israel to the memory of the committee's chairman There had also been a serious rise in anti­ Government Tourist Office in conjunction with and founder, Mrs. Marion Collins, a com­ semitic activity in other areas, said Mr. Edel- El Al and the Zim Company. memorative plaque will be affixed to the nian. Council's ofiices. BIRMINGHAM HONOURED FASCISTS BANNED A testimonial dinner to honour the City of Birth Control Sanction The National Youth Movement, the junior Birmingham was arranged by the Central section of the British National Party—an Synagogue and attended by about 250 guests. In a statement published in the journal of extreme Right-wing group—was refused per­ The Lord Mayor was presented with an the Hendon Reform Synagogue, the Ministers' mission to hold a rally in Trafalgar Square on inscribed silver menorah as a token of the Assembly of the Reform Synagogues of Great ' ebruary 6. The refusal was on the grounds Britain gave permission to members of the esteem and affection of Birmingham Jewry Reform movement to " exercise birth control ^nat any such meeting " might result in public towards the city. There could, said the Lord Qisorder ". The section is said to have about measures ". The statement said that parents 50 Mayor, be no better symbol of the valued had the right to determine the number and niembers. and was formed only recently for Jewish contribution towards the city's welfare to space the births of their children in accord­ •^oys and girls between the ages of 14 and 21. and progress. ance with what they believed to be in the best p Colin Jordan, leader of the National Socialist interest of their families. The Ministers' 5^arty, has been banned from taking part in a " CHRISTIAN " ANTISEMITISM Assembly onlj; asked that " this responsibility uebate at the Bournemouth Municipality In a review in the Sunday Times, Professor be exercised in the light of the ethical and Hans Kueng, of Tubingen University, Ger­ moral teaching of Judaism, which places a MOSLEYITES AT BY-ELECTION many, wrote about the achievements of the strong emphasis upon the blessing of family life ". p Over 1,500 votes were polled in a recent Second Vatican Council. He stated, inter alia, that " the monstrous crimes of Nazi antisemi­ greater London Council by-election by Robert Jews' College Deficit ?amage, a candidate of Sir Oswald Mosley's tism would have been impossible without the hidden and often ' Christian' antisemitism of i'nion Movement. Ramage gained just over Jews' College has an accumulated deficit ' Per cent of the 21,877 votes cast. The seat more than 1,500 years, an antisemitism which of over £20,000. Unless more help is forth­ jyas won by the Conservative candidate who was manifest even in the Council debates. . . ." coming it will find itself in a serious financial polled 18,490 votes, with the Communist candi­ The Council's unambiguous rejection of anti­ situation. Although subscriptions for the past date receiving 1,858. semitism and call for co-operation with the year increased by over £5,000, expenditure is Jews introduced a new period of Judaeo- also increasing. According to Ramage, his pre-election cam­ Christian relations after 2,000 years of Church paign involved attacks on proposed rate history, said Professor Kueng. increases, housing shortages and coloured Yiddish Writers "nmigration. The Communist candidate, Mr. SENIOR CHAPLAIN TO RETIRE ^; Ward, stated that Ramage made a big issue A conference of Yiddish-speaking writers °* racial discrimination, although he said The Rev. Dr. I. Levy is to retire in Septem­ was held in London. Entitled "Yiddish in fiothing which was basically antisemitic. Mr. ber as senior Jewish Chaplain to the Forces. Jewish Life", the symposium was organised J^ard added that he was surprised at the He will be succeeded by the Rev. C. K Harris, under the auspices of the cultural depart­ number of votes polled by Ramage. minister of the Kenton Synagogue. ment of the World Jewish Congress. Partici- I Page 4 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 AJI NEWS FROM ABROAD JEWRY IN U.S.S.R. 1 Pet Abolished Jewish Identity Cards 44 UNITED STATES MINORITY GROUPS AND U.N. There are reports that a new Soviet identity Action by the United Nations on the issue card is to be introduced doing away with the Vietnam Policy of the preservation of the cultural and spiritual separate identification of minority nationali­ rights of minority groups has been called for. At the invitation of the U.S.A. Government, ties. At present, identity cards held by Jews, This was done by the Israeli, French and Ukrainians, Georgians and others, are stamped Oi leaders of the Jewish War Veterans visited Finnish experts on the sub-commission on the sho! South Vietnam. Thereafter, a statement, Prevention of Discrimination and Protection accordingly. But if the reports are correct, signed by the Veterans' president, was issued, of Minorities. Dr. Meir Rosenne, of Israel, identity cards will be inscribed only with the drai expressing " disgust" with statements from said that violations of the " cultural groups " words " Soviet citizen." beer Jewish organisations urging a cessation of and " attacks on the freedoms of a group" by t bombings of North Vietnam and the start of occurred even today, and called for the specific REACTIONS IN THE WEST lecti negotiations to bring a peaceful settlement mention of this " cultural, spiritual and in tH of the situation. mental genocide" by the United Nations. British Communists' Statement I Leaders of the Liberal rabbinical and con­ It was also proposed that the sub-com­ the gregational organisations then issued a state­ mission recommend to all States which have A statement by the executive of the British Gen( ment viewing the Veterans' statement with not yet ratified the Genocide Convention to Communist Party discloses that on two recent " shock and dismay ". There was also a care­ do so. The United States has not yet signed. occasions the British Party successfully the fully phrased statement by the Synagogue Recently Britain announced her intention to approached the Soviet Party once to protest after Council of America, the consultative body of sign. against the publication of T. Kytchko's " dis­ " Jo( the modern Orthodox, Conservative and graceful book" ("Judaism Unmasked") and Moyi Liberal rabbinical and congregational organi­ BRAZILIAN WOMAN'S ACHIEVEMENT again to request that matzot be made available his sations. This urged cease-fire negotiations. to observant Jews in the Soviet Union. Dr. Freida Eidelman, a Jewess whose parents enen The Liberal statement said that " bomb- emigrated to Brazil from Poland, is the first Although the statement was made in rattling jingoism is no more tolerable from a woman in Brazil to gain a doctorate in atomic response to two branch resolutions about the Jewish source than from a militaristic general engineering. The diploma granted by the position of the Jewish minority in the Soviet demanding that we bomb the ' enemy back to Military Engineering Institute in Rio, was Union, it was explained that it did not follow the Stone Age'...." presented to Dr. Eidelman by the President of that the executive had accepted the criticism The Synagogue Council's statement (the Brazil.—(J.C.) contained in those resolutions. Mr. Bert first time that the entire Jewish religious com­ Ramelson, a member of the executive and munity with the exception of the extreme YUGOSLAVIA chairman of its advisory committee on Jewish Right has taken a position—and one having affairs, stated that if there ever was a case of the unanimity which the statement received— Memorial antisemitism or interference with religious freedom in the U.S.S.R., the British party on an international issue going beyond imme­ Osijek, capital of Slavonia in northern Yugo­ diate Jewish concern) called upon President would naturally take it up. He denied that the slavia, has in a principal square erected a executive's statement implied the party's Johnson to resist pressures for escalating the memorial to Slavonian Jews killed in action war in Vietnam. acceptance that such a case had already been or murdered by the Nazis. The memorial was made out. In New York, 29 Liberal rabbis met Mr. designed by Oscar Nemon, who now lives in Arthur Goldberg, America's U.N. representa­ Britain but who was born in Osijek. The statement asserted that the Revolution tive, to discuss Vietnam. "The rabbis left About 60,000 Yugoslav Jews perished at the had put an end to the antisemitic pogroms of determined to keep the dialogue on peace hands of the Nazis. Tsarist Russia and that the Communist Party going. The Liberal movement plans the of the U.S.S.R. had "placed in the forefront establishment of inter-religious groups in Jewish Family Remembered of its principles the right of freedom of all every community to deal with the problem religions and opposition to antisemitism. The of peace. Prominent guests, including the Vice-Presi­ Communist Party will in future, as it has in dent of Yugoslavia, attended the dedication the past, do all in its power to condemn anti­ Antisemitic Incidents ceremony of the " Brothers Baruch School" semitism and interference with the right to in the Dorchoi district of Belgrade. Many worship whenever and wherever they manifest The American Jewish Committee has issued Jews had lived in the district before the war. themselves", the statement concluded. a report on the 14 antisemitic incidents in The street in which the school stands was also the United States between August and Decem­ renamed " Brothers Baruch Street". Of the Anglo-Jewry's Concem ber, 1965. The report concludes that the rash three brothers Baruch and two sisters, two of vandalism against synagogues and other were killed in action and the other three Private talks on practical ways in which Jewish institutions is " expressive of a linger­ murdered by the Nazis. British Jewry can help alleviate the plight of ing, violent antisemitism" in the United Soviet Jewry, were held in London. Taking States. The fact that the acts were JEWS ATTACKED IN GEORGLA part were members of the Board of Deputies' " malicious" but " not centrally sparked" foreign affairs committee and representatives make them more " disquieting " than if they Details have been received of a series of of 13 communal organisations. It is under­ were part of an organised plot. antisemitic incidents in the town of Kutaisi stood that the consensus of opinion was that According to the report, even in instances in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, a combination of " quiet diplomacy " (invoking where the culprits were teenagers the acts towards the end of last year. After a drunken also the assistance of friendly governments) of vandalism could not be classified as " mis­ Russian was refused any more drink by a and of public protests to mobilise world chievous behaviour " but rather aS " deliberate Jewish liquor store-keeper, the Russian went opinion, offered the best hopes of infiuencing expressions of hostility towards Jews ". to the police and alleged that the Jew had the Soviet authorities. " drawn his blood." This resulted in the In a statement after the talks the Board A Soviet newspaper, Soviet Russia, com­ stoning of individual Jews and stones being mented that " strange as it may seem", referred to the continued denial to Russian thrown into the courtyard of the synagogue. Jewry of facilities which were accorded to Zionist leaders in America and Israel were A band of hooligans followed a Jewish funeral taking no steps to halt rampant antisemitism other minority groups and to the plight of procession to the cemetery, where they seized those Jews who were not allowed to be in the United States. The newspaper tells of the corpse and threw it on the ground. A synagogues being bombed, cemeteries dese­ reunited with their families in Israel and Jewish driver was also stabbed while deliver­ elsewhere.—(J.C.) crated and Jews barred from restaurants and ing bread, in front of an angry crowd some bars carrying signs reading: " Negroes, dogs of whom shouted : " We don't want bread from and Jews not allowed."—(J.C.) a Jew." Students' Campaign After a Jewish delegation called on the local The World Union of Jewish Students has Rabbis for Gennany authority, the authorities intervened and order launched a campaign to draw the attention of was restored. There have been no further students throughout Europe to the plight of A group of between ten and 15 American incidents, a threat of similar disturbances in Liberal rabbis are to visit West Germany in the near-by town of Kulashi being averted by Soviet Jewry. June to give German trainee teachers a fort­ prompt action on the part of the authorities. An exhibition covering all facets of Russian night's series of lectures on Judaism, the story Kutaisi has 138,000 inhabitants, about 35,000 Jews' life has been seen in Brussels and will of the Jewish people and the Holocaust. of whom are Jews. probably be shown in other countries. Visitors Organised by the commission on inter-faith will be asked to sign petitions, to be handed activities of American Liberal Jewry, the pro­ BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER to the Russian embassies in the various Euro­ ject was suggested by Rabbi Joseph Asher, Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS. pean countries, asking for equal rights for who left Germany in 1936. Visiting his old Part exchange. Deferred terms. Russian Jewry. school there. Rabbi Asher found there was a thirst for a knowledge of Jewish history and JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. The World Union, in a statement issued theology and a " total ignorance " of Judaism, 2 Park West Place, Marble Arch, W.2 from its headquarters in Paris, has expressed " its mission in the world and its contribution Tel.: PAD. 8818/9 "deep anxiety and fear" for the future of to the ethics of our time ". AUTHORISED BECHSTEIN RETAILERS Soviet Jewry. AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 5 Peter Vry Old Acquaintances "JOEL BRAND" AUTHOR IN LONDON Germany: Fritz Kortner will direct " Maria Magdalena" in Berlin and " Othello" in Interview with Heinar Kipphardt Vienna; his own play " Die Zwiesprache", with Karl Paryla in the lead, will go on tour.— One of the most recent visitors to Britain's he becomes active in making history. At what Wolfgang Staudte is directing the filming of shores was Heinar Kipphardt, the German stage, he asks, can man still free himself from " Ganovenehre ", based on Ch. Rudolph's play, uramatist and playwright, whose plays have the compulsion of a system ? In other words : with Gert Froebe and Curt Bois.—Peter Zadek oeen shown in 26 countries. He was invited why did my neighbour not develop into an produced " The Cherry Orchard " for Cologne ny the German Embassy and gave talks and Eichmann, and would I, had I been a bit TV.—Alfred H. Unger's German adaptation lectures in London and at several universities older, have become an Eichmann, or at least of Benjamin Britten's "Billy Budd" was suc­ in the Provinces. a little Eichmann, a creature who follows cessfully presented in Cologne.—G. Rennert is I asked Kipphardt what he thought about orders and thinks he is in the right ? to become musical director of Munich's State the English Radio version of his play "The I am sure there are a great many people all Opera.—Annemarie Steinsieck is to appear in General's Dog ", and he replied that he found over the world who are deeply concerned with Georg Kaiser's " Kolportage" at Berlin's the production excellent. I also told him that this problem, and Heinar Kipphardt has taken Tribuene.—Wolfgang Liebeneiner directed after Rudolf Cartier's production of his play it upon himself to deal with it. Kanin's " Leb wohl mein Traum" at Ham­ "Joel Brand" on BBC Television, Lord burg's Kammerspiele, with his wife Hilde Moyne's son had complained to the press thai REFUGEES HELPED THOMAS MANN Krahl and his daughter Johanna Liebeneiner nis father was shown as if he had been an Whilst it is well known that on many in the cast.—Jan (H.G.) Lustig, husband of enemy of the Jews, and I asked Kipphardt occasions Thomas Mann promoted and sup­ Fritzi Massary's only daughter, Liesl Frank, whether his description of Lord Moyne was ported efforts for the benefit of his fellow adapted "The Killing of Sister George", based completely on documentary facts. H refugees, two recent publications remind us starring Inge Meysel, to the German stage. replied that he could weU understand a son that, although on a considerably smaller scale, .Veirs from Everywhere: Erich Kaestner Wanting to uphold the good reputation of his he also received help from people who attended the Copenhagen opening of an lather, but that, as a playwright, he had done eventually were to share his fate as refugees. exhibition in his honour.—In Kuessnacht nothing to incriminate Lord Moyne morally. When reporting on the recent death in Erika Mann is working on a film script based He had merely shown him in his function as Preston of Czech-born Rudolf Fleischmann, on her father's novel " Der Zauberberg ".— Minister of State in the Near East at that the " Guardian" recalls that it was due to Seventy-four-year-old Ludwig Berger received Particular time, basing his facts on the docu­ his good services that, in 1936, Thomas Mann the German Cross of Merit with Stars.—Erwin ments of Ira Hirschmann and Joel Brand him­ and members of his family received Czecho­ Leiser was elected president of the Oberhausen self, and he did not believe that any man could slovakian passports. At that time Fleischmann Film Festival. have acted differently at that point of history, was a member of the City Council of Prosec Austria: Ernst Haeussermann, director of when Great Britain was in such a difficult and (CSR). He had already succeeded in obtain­ Vienna's Burg has been appointed professor contradictory position in the Near East.* ing a passport for Heinrich Mann, and he at the Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.— When asked, why it had taken 20 years knew that President Benes was anxious to Leopold Lindtberg and G. F. Hering received before a group of writers like Hochhuth, Weiss grant Czech citizenship to Thomas Mann as the Grillparzer Prize.—Robert Gilbert and G. and himself began to write about the Nazi past, well. Yet Fleischmann encountered opposition Bronner made a German version of " How to Kipphardt stated that he did not think my amongst his colleagues on the Municipal Succeed in Business Without Really Trying ", question was justified. There had been quite Council. Ultimately he succeeded, last but not starring Theo Lingen and Anita Hoefer, at a number of German authors who had written least, with the help of a local priest. Father Theater an der Wien.—Eva Kerbler of Israel about this very subject as early as 1945. On Jerabek, who based one of his Sunday sermons will take the part of Eboli in Gustav Manker's the other hand, he did agree that some lapse on Thomas Mann's " Joseph " novel. In 1945 production of " Don Carlos" at the Josef­ of time was required until it became possible Father Jerabek was shot at the door of his stadt.—Robert Stolz, currently conducting to write about Fascism in a detached and church by the retreating Germans as he " Die Fledermaus" at the State Opera and objective way, without being carried away by refused to allow them to use it as a strongpoint. " Der Zigeunerbaron" at the Volksoper, has emotions. Asked about the productions of his Fleischmann had to flee when the Nazis composed the music for a new ice show, plays in both East and West Germany, he said invaded Czechoslovakia and with the help of " Regenbogen ".—Kurt Meisel will direct he did not know on which side of the Iron a Dr. Joachim Schreiber, a German colonel Grass's " Plebejer" at the Burg.—Wieland Curtain they had been more successful. who was a member of the Resistance Move­ Wagner will produce " Elektra", with Karl He equally liked the productions of the ment, managed to cross the German border. Boehm conducting, at the State Opera. "erliner Ensemble and of the Munich Kam- He ultimately settled in Preston where he was Stvitzerland: Rainer Litten staged a Fritz merspiele. also actively associated with the Labour Party von Unruh matine^ in Basle.—Duerrenmatt's Kipphardt is now working on a new play and the Fabian Society. new play, " Der Meteor", directed by Lindt­ which is in a way also connected with the Joel Another story is recorded in an article by berg, with Leonard Steckel, Gustav Knuth and °rand story. It has the provocative title Ida Herz, published under the stimulating Therese Giehse, scored a success at Zurich's ' Bruder Eichmann ", and is based on docu- heading " Ein Roman wandert aus" in the Schauspielhaus.—Veit Relin directed Ten­ nientation of the Jerusalem trial such as the American periodical The German Quarterly. nessee Williams' " The Rose Tattoo " in Basle, cross-examinations and medical reports. The The authoress was closely associated with starring Wanda Rotha from London. Play deals with the problem of how it came Thomas Mann from 1925 onwards and her Obituary: Ruth Yorck, better known as Ruth about that someone who, as a super-con- name frequently appears in the published Landshoff, died in New York. She was the I tormist, started as the opposite of a criminal. collection of his letters. After Thomas Mann intimate friend of many famous people, includ­ Was transformed by his urge to comply had left Germany, she retrieved from his ing Toscanini, Max Reinhardt and Carl Voll- with the trends of his environment. The house in Munich material required by him for moeller, mentioning them in her memoirs, author tries to find out how much a man like his " Joseph " novel and passed it on to him " Klatsch, Ruhm and kleine Feuer".—Her­ this is the object of history and to what extent through an arranged address in Basle. At his mann Kassack, whose novel " Die Stadt hinter * For further reference see page 3. column 1. request, she also sent him items from her own dem Strom" was much discussed after the collection of writings by and about him­ war, died in Stuttgart at the age of 70. He self. This collection survived the war was president of the German Academy of Gorta Radio vision because it was deposited in the cellars of the Arts.—The well-known and courageous educa­ French Legation in Munich. It is now part tionalist, F. W. Foerster, has died in Switzer­ Seri^lce of the Thomas Mann Archives in Ziirich. land at the age of 96. (Member R.T.R.A.> The article also recalls atrocities committed Milestones: Stage designer Rochus Gliese is 13 Frognal Parade. against the Jews in Nuernberg, where Miss 75 and still going strong.—Eduard Kandl, a Finchley Road, N.W.S Herz lived, and quotes from her correspon­ member of all three Berlin opera houses, has SALES REPAIRS dence with Thomas Mann during those difficult reached the age of 90.—On her 75th birthday years. In the light of future events, it is Lion Feuchtwanger's widow, Martha, who lives Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranli, amazing that this subject could then be dealt in Hollywood, received the Great German Gnuwflg, etc. with between people still in Germany and Federal Cross of Merit.—The actress, Elsa Television Rentals from 8/- Per Week Wagner, well remembered by former Ber­ Mr. Gort will always be pleased to emigrated adversaries of the regime. Miss advise you. Herz herself had to flee in 1935 in order to liners, is 85 years old. (HAM. 8635» escape arrest. As many of our readers know, she is now living in London. PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 dazu nicht faehig ist. Retirement Pension setzt voraus, dass der Versicherte dem Arbeits- RECHTE DER VERFOLCTEN AUS DEUTSCHER markt nicht mehr zur Verfuegung steht. Wird also englische Retirement Pension einer weib­ SOZL\LVERSICHERUNG lichen Versicherten mit 60 Jahren gewaehrt, dann muss der Antrag auf deutsche Berufs- Die Grundlagen fuer Ansprueche der Ver­ Altersruhegeld unfaehigkeits- oder Erwerbsunfaehigkeits- folgten aus der deutschen Sozialversicherung Rente umgestellt werden auf einen Antrag sind in diesen Blaettern wiederholt ausfuehr­ Deutsches Altersruhegeld wird grimdsaetz- wegen vorgezogenen Altersruhegeldes, ent­ lich eroertert worden. Nachdem aber die ein­ lich erst nach Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres, weder weil in den letzten 20 Jahren mehr als schlaegigen Gesetze mehrfach geaendert und bei Maennern sowohl wie bei Frauen, gezahlt. 10 Jahre eine versicherungspflichtige Taetig­ verbessert worden sind, erscheint es ange­ Davon gibt es zwei wesentliche Ausnahmen : — keit ausgeuebt wurde oder weil Arbeitslosig- bracht, unter Beruecksichtigung des Gegen- Maenner und Frauen, die das 60. Lebensjahr keit seit ueber einem Jahr vorliegt. seitigkeitS-Abkommens zwischen der Bundes­ vollendet haben, aber mindestens ein Jahr Die Voraussetzungen fuer die englische repubhk und dem Vereinigten Koenigreich, die ununterbrochen arbeitslos gewesen sind, und Retirement Pension sind, dasS bei Frauen nach wesentlichen und allgemein gueltigen Voraus­ weibliche Versicherte, die 60 Jahre alt sind, Vollendung des 60. und bei Maennern nach setzungen fuer solche Ansprueche, soweit sie ihre Taetigkeit aufgegeben haben und in den Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres 156 Beitrags­ die Verfolgten betreffen, noch einmal zusam- letzten 20 Jahren mehr als 10 Jahr eine ver­ wochen tatsaechlich geleistet wurden und dass menzustellen. sicherungspflichtige Beschaeftigung auch in ein Durchschnitt von 50 Wochen pro Jahr England ausgeuebt haben, koennen das soge­ waehrend der ganzen Versicherungszeit als Allgemeine Voraussetzungen nannte vorgezogene Altersruhegeld bean- spruehen. Beitrag oder Gutschrift nachgewiesen werden Anspruch auf Rentenzahlung aus der kann, wobei bei verheirateten Frauen auch deutschen Sozialversicherung besteht, wenn die Voraussetzung fuer Altersruhegeld ist, dass noch der sogenannte Half-Test zusaetzlich Wartezeit erfuellt ist. Die Wartezeit setzt sich bis zum Antrag auf Altersruhegeld eine Ver­ erforderlich ist (vgl. Leaflet N I 15 Ministry of aus Beitrags—, Ausfall- und Ersatzzeiten sicherungszeit von 180 Kalendermonaten Pensions S.S No. 7). Sind die Voraussetzungen zusammen. Beitragszeit ist die Zeit, fuer die zurueckgelegt ist (Beitragszeit plus Ersatzzeit nicht Oder nur teilweise erfuellt, kann u.U. Beitraege geleistet oder, z.B. wegen Krankheit plus Ausfallzeit). In diesem Falle hat der Ver­ eine geringere Rente nach dem National Oder Arbeitslosigkeit, gutgeschrieben wurden. sicherte einen Anspruch auf innerstaatliche Health Scheme gezahlt werden. Ausfallzeiten sind die Zeiten, in denen der deutsche Rente. Sie ist voellig unabhaengig Versicherte nach Vollendung des 15. Lebens­ von dem Anspruch auf die englische Retire­ Anspruch bei Beitragserstattung jahres in Schul-, Hochschul- oder Fachausbil­ ment Pension. Hat der Versicherte auch die wegen Heirat dung gestanden hat, wenn er im Anschluss Voraussetzungen fuer die englische Retirement daran innerhalb von 2 Jahren eine versiche­ Pension erfuellt, so erhaelt er beide Renten Weibliche Versicherte, die wegen Heirat rungspflichtige Beschaeftigung oder Taetigkeit nebeneinander und unabhaengig voneinander. ihre Beitraege zur deutschen Sozialversiche­ aufgenommen hat. Ersatzzeiten sind bestimmte Hat aber der Versicherte die Wartezeit nur rung erstattet erhalten hatten, hatten damit Zeiten einer unverschuldeten Unterbrechung in einem Lande oder in keinem dieser Laender ihre Ansprueche auf deutsche Sozialver­ der Beitragsleistung. Dazu zaehlt z.B. die erfuellt, dann erfolgt die Berechnung der sicherung verwirkt. Das ist durch das BEG- Freiheitsentziehung durch nationalsozialis­ Altersversorgung auf Grund deS Gegenseitig- Schlussgesetz dahin abgaendert worden, dass tische Verfolgung, etwaige Krankheit und keits-Abkommens zwischen der Bundesrepub­ verfolgte Versicherte, die in der Zeit vom 30. Arbeitslosigkeit im Anschluss daran, Arbeits­ lik und dem Vereinigten Koenigreich. Dann Januar 1933 bis zum 8. Mai 1945 Beitraege losigkeit durch Verfolgung und schliesslich werden die Beitrags- und Ersatz- und Ausfall­ wegen Heirat erstattet erhielten, nunmehr das auch die Zeit von der Auswanderung bis zum zeiten zusammengerechnet und es wird die Recht haben, in der gesetzlichen Rentenver­ 31. Dezember 1949. sogenannte Vertragsrente festgesetzt, die sich sicherung weiter versichert zu sein, indem sie aus einem englischen Anteil und einem weitere Beitraege zur Versicherung leisten. Es Ersatzzeiten werden grundsaetzlich nur dann deutschen Anteil zusammensetzt und die fuer wird erwartet, dass in naechster Zeit die angerechnet, wenn der Versicherte in Deutsch­ gewoehnlich dazu fuehrt, dass der in Gross- Zulaessigkeit der Anrechnung von Ersatzzeiten land nach dem 1. Januar 1924 mindestens Britannien lebende Verfolgte im Gesamtergeb- wegen nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung auch einen Monatsbeitrag geleistet hat. Wenn aber nis mehr erhaelt als er erhalten wuerde, wenn in diesen Faellen ausdruecklich angeordnet der Versicherte vor dem 1. Januar 1924 bereits er nur die englische Retirement Pension wird. die voile Wartezeit von 180 Kalendermonaten beanspruchen koennte. erfuellt hatte, dann werden die Ersatzzeiten Continued on next page wegen nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung auch Rente wegen Berufs—oder angerechnet, obwohl er keinen Beitrag nach dem 1. Januar 1924 geleistet hat. DaS ist Erwerbsunfaehigkeit insbesondere wichtig fuer alle diejenigen Ver­ Die Wartezeit betraegt nur 60 Kalender­ folgten, die in Deutschland vor 1924 eine ver­ monate. With the Compliments of sicherungspflichtige Taetigkeit ausgeuebt Berufsunfaehig ist ein Versicherter, dessen haben, dann aber entweder von der Versiche- Erwerbsfaehigkeit infolge von Krankheit etc. rungspflicht befreit oder selbstaendig gewesen auf weniger als die Haelfte von Gesunden mit sind. aehnlicher Ausbildung und gleichwertigen Wenn der Verfolgte in Deutschland nicht Kenntnissen herabgesunken ist. Erwerbsun­ versichert gewesen ist, dann werden die Ersatz­ faehig ist der Versicherte, der infolge von DICK & GOLDSCHMIDT zeiten wegen naticnalsozialistischer Verfolgung Krankheit etc. eine Erwerbstaetigkeit in angerechnet, wenn der Betreffende nach der gewisser Regelmaessigkeit nicht mehr aus­ Bundesrepublik oder West-Berlin zurueckkehrt ueben kann. ITD und dort innerhalb von 3 Jahren eine renten­ Erfuellt der Versicherte die Voraussetzun­ versicherungspflichtige Beschaeftigung auf­ gen fuer die deutsche Rente und fuer das genommen hat. englische Sickness Benefit, dann muss die Wenn der Verfolgte in Deutschland nicht sogenannte Vertragsrente berechnet werden. versichert gewesen ist, aber in Gross-Britan­ Es ist nicht so, dass neben dem Sickness Bene­ nien eine versicherungspflichtige Beschaefti­ fit die deutsche Rente wegen Berufs- oder gung bis zum 27. August 1949 aufgenommen Erwerbsunfaehigkeit beansprucht werden hat, dann werden die Ersatzzeiten wegen kann. In diesem Falle wird die Vertragsrente nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung auf die auch berechnet nach den Beitragszeiten und englische Versicherungszeit angerechnet. Das gleichgestellten Zeiten in beiden Laendern. bedeutet, dass der Versicherte, um englische Es kommen zwei Anteile zur Ausiahlung, die Retirement Pension zu erhalten, nicht die zusammen nicht geringer sein duerfen als die englischen Voraussetzungen fuer eine voile Rente, die der Person zustehen wuerde, wenn Wartezeit zu erfuellen braucht, da zu den kein Gegenseitigkeits-Abkommen geschlossen englischen Beitragszeiten die deutschen Ersatz­ worden waere. zeiten wegen nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung Eine deutsche Rente wegen Berufs- oder angerechnet werden. Dies ist wichtig fuer die­ Erwerbsunfaehigkeit kann aber nicht fuer die jenigen Verfolgten, die infolge Alters oder Zeit gezahlt werden, fuer die englische Retire­ London W.l Krankheit in Gross-Britannien entweder nicht ment Pension gewaehrt wird. Das ist schon lange genug Beitraege leisten konnten oder begrifflich nicht moeglich. Rente wegen Berufs- den Jahresdurchschnitt von 50 Beitragswochen oder Erwerbsunfaehigkeit setzt voraus, dass nicht erreichten. der Versicherte zwar zur Arbeit bereit, aber AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 7 DEUTSCHE SOZIALVERSICHERUNG Lionel Kochan Continued from page 6 Hinterbliebenen—und Waisenrenten Diese Ansprueche werden im wesentlichen AN ANATOMY OF ANGLO-JEWRY nach den Gesichtspunkten, die hinsichtlich des Altersruhegeldes eroertert wurden, behandelt Is British Jewry drifting away from also feels the need to overcome his immigrant Werden, d.h. auch in diesen Faellen werden, religion ? How many of its children receive or minority status. Wenn die Voraussetzungen dafuer gegeben some sort of Jewish education ? Is the tradi­ Similarly, in a paper on Trends in Anglo- sind, beide Renten in voller Hoehe nebenein­ tionally close family unit tending to break Jewish Religious Life, Mr. Norman Cohen con­ ander gezahlt oder, wenn das nicht der Fall up? What careers do the young people cludes : " The basic fact of religious life in 1st, die sogenannte Vertragsrente mit den pursue ? Where does the British Jew choose Anglo-Jewry is that the great bulk of the com­ entsprechenden Anteilen. to live ? Is respect for the Ministry declining ? munity has only the slightest concern with Judaism." It " shows every sign of disintegra­ Anreclmung deutseher Sozialleistungen auf In 1962 some sixty scholars and experts met in London to discuss these and many similar tion and drift." But he points out that in the Wiedergutmachungsrenten non-Jewish world generally standards of reli­ Deutsche Sozialversicherungsleistungen wer- questions. They were attending a conference on Jewish Life in Modern Britain, held by the gious observance and of religious interest are nen auf die Berufsschadensrenten nach dem also at a low ebb. Entschaedigungsgesetz nicht angerechnet; sie Institute of Contemporary Jewry of the Werden aber bei Bemessung des Hundertsatzes Hebrew University, Jerusalem, under the That actual knowledge of changes in the •ler Lebensschaden- und Gesundheitsschadens- auspices of the Board of Deputies of British contemporary Jewish scene requires to be fenten bei der Wuerdigung der wirtschaft- Jews. extended becomes apparent from a reading of lichen Verhaeltnisse beruecksichtigt. The proceedings of this conference—the the first part of the book. The papers cover­ Das Altersruhegeld wird auf die Ver­ papers read and the discussion which arose ing such other subjects as Jewish Communal sorgungsbezuege frueherer deutscher Staats- from them—now stand as a published per­ Organisation (by Adolph G. Brotman), and beamten, Angestellten im Oeffentlichen Dienst, manent record of research projects, both Jewish Education in Great Britain (Isidore Juedischen Gemeindebeamten etc. insoweit actual and potential.* Fishman and Harold Levy) all demonstrate angerechnet als es auf Beitraegen beruht, die only too obviously that although intelligent Waehrend der Beschaeftigung im Oeffentlichen Major forces have been transforming the interpretation is abundant, there is a profound Pienst gezahlt wurden. In den Faellen also, contemporary Jewish scene in the past lack of satisfactory statistics to form its basis. in denen der Berechtigte nur im Oeffentlichen decades. There is evidence, Mr. Ernest Krausz This is emphasised by practically all of the Dienst Sozialversicherungs-Beitraege geleistet states, in his paper on the Economic and Social authors concemed, most of whom provide sug­ hat, wird das Altersruhegeld voll auf die Pen­ Structure of Anglo-Jewry, that the traditional gestions as to the course future study should sion angerechnet; obwohl er materiell keinen Jewish occupations are being abandoned. The follow. girls appear to be moving away from millinery Vorteil erlangt, isl der Berechtigte verpflichtet, This aspect is pursued in greater detail in oas Altersruhegeld zu beantragen, da die Ver­ and dressmaking towards secretarial and sales girl positions. There is a general trend towards the second half of the book, where a series of sorgungsbezuege auf alle Faelle um diesen experts explore more fully the kind of facts Betrag gekuerzt werden. trades that lend themselves to self-employ­ ment, towards white-collar jobs and towards that should be collected and the means by Witwenrenten aus der Sozialversicherung the professions, particularly medicine, law, which this can be done. Briefly, these are Werden auf die Berufsschadenswitwenrente dentistry and accountancy. These changes in divided into the statistical and the sociologi­ nach dem Entschaedigungsgesetz nur insoweit the economic structure of Anglo-Jewry have cal. The first, efficiently tackled by S. J. Prais, angerechnet als sie gewisse Betraege, ab. 1. had notable effects on its social structure, such covers such subjects as population and educa­ Oktober 1964 DM 230, monatlich, uebersteigen. as a vast decline in the Jewish working classes tion statistics. It is suggested that some cen­ tral institution should revive the collection of Beitraege zu auslaendischen and the concomitant disappearance of Jewish trade unions. The rapid move into the middle- figures on births, deaths and marriages, as Sozialversicherungen previously compiled by the Board of Deputies, ^^ Unter gewissen Voraussetzungen koennen class which has affected the majority of the community has resulted in mass migrations so that long-term trends may be judged more Vertriebene" aus den in 1938 und 1939 in accurately. The number of male births could das Deutsche Reich eingegliederten Staaten to the suburbs away from the older areas of habitation. be ascertained if mohalim were obliged to Ansprueche aus der deutschen Sozialversiche­ register figures with the Beth Din. Marriages rung dann geltend machen, wenn das Deutsche could be analysed in some detail from the Reich die auslaendischen Versicherungstraeger These forces and their consequences require that an attempt be made to create a systematic Chief Rabbi's authorisation form, or from the und ihr Vermoegen uebemommen hatte. abstract prepared for the Registrar-General. Beitragszeiten zu einem nicht-deutschen Ver- and scientific approach to their study. Mr. Krausz himself suggests that interesting and Mortality statistics could be obtained from sicherungs-Institut werden den nach Bundes- burial societies. recht zurueckgelegten Beitragszeiten gleich­ useful work could be pursued into the effect gestellt. of industrial and business rationalisation on It must be understood that all these statistics Wie eingangs gesagt, bezwecken diese Aus- the number and type of the self-employed, par­ would apply to acknowledging Jews only. The luehrungen die Rechts-und Sachlage so all­ ticularly the small man in the community; Jew by birth existing on the periphery of gemein verstaendlich darzustellen wie sie sich on occupational distribution in the community Jewish society who may not have his child ^r Zeit praktisch auswirkt; sie sind nicht as a whole, with special attention to occupa­ circumcised, who may marry in a registry erschoepfend und koennen auch nicht alle tional selection among youth; the economic office, who may, at his death, be cremated, Probleme eroertern, die sich aus der Fuelle and social condition of the community; social almost completely evades statistical investiga­ uer Gesetze und der Rechtsprechung ergeben ; mobility, the rise of a new elite and problems tion. Should he be included, even if it were sie im Einzelfalle zu loesen ist Aufgabe sach- of leadership; and, finally, the effects of possible, in available statistics ? It would verstaendiger Rechtsberater. suburbanisation, especially as regards the certainly be of the greatest interest and of individual's identification with the community immeasurable value. However, the experts DURCHFUEHRUNGSVERORDNUNG and the maintenance of a cohesive minority agree that it is difQcult enough to collect data ZUM H.S.G. group. on " synagogal" Jews, let alone those who Am 11. Februar hat der Bundesrat die Mr. Krausz points out that it could be have discarded all affiliations. Statistics on Uurchfuehrungs-Verordnung zum Haushalts- argued that most of the changes in the social- the Jewish community will be of value on sicherungsgesetz angenommen. Sie enthaelt whatever basis they are calculated and the die Bestimmungen, die in der Konferenz economic structure of the Jewish community have been in line with the trends in the larger question of who is and who is not a Jew can zwischen Vertretern der Regierung und der be postponed temporarily. Verfolgtenverbaende in Aussicht genommen British society. The development of tycoonism Waren und ueber deren Inhalt in der vorigen and competitive aggressiveness, the strong The field of sociological research is discussed Ausgabe von "AJR Information" berichtet, drift to white-collar work and the professions, by Professor Gould and Maurice Freedman; Wurde, d.h. unter anderem die Regelung, dass the move to the suburbs and upper- or middle- they deal with such topics as Jewish family Anspruchsberechtige im Alter von 65 und class consumption patterns are all the products life, the extent of inter-marriage, the occupa­ niehr Jahren sowie Ansprueche bis zu 5,000 tional patterns of the Jews, the Jewish family DM von dem Zahlungsaufschub nicht betroffen of Western industrialised society. He suggests werden. that the greater impact that these have had and Jewish youth, leadership and organisation and the functions of the ministry. In der gleichen Sitzung nahm der Bundesrat on Jewish society may be explained by the auch drei Durchfuehrungs-Verordnungen zum fact that the Jew has exhibited greater adapta­ Already, it is reassuring to leara, from Pro­ Bundesentschaedigungsgesetz an, deren Ver­ bility to changing and unstable conditions ; he fessor Gould's " Postscript" that the need kuendung aber erst in einigen Wochen has long been more thoroughly urbanised and shown at the conference for a more informed erfolgen wird. Eine Darstellung des Inhalts • Jewish Life In Modern Britain. Editors : Julius view of the structure of the Jewish community wird zu gegebener Zeit erfolgen. Gould and Saul Esh. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 28s. in Britain, is enjoying widespread support. •I Page 8 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 buildings in the same neighbourhood, not to mention the clinics and laboratories beyond A VISIT TO BRESLAU the river behind the old Cathedral. Wroclaw has become the main centre of academic edu­ There are various ways of coming into the balcony between the high columns to look cation in Western Poland. Poznan also has Breslau (now Wroclaw) from Warsaw and the down into Swiniczka Street with its noisy a large university but Wroclaw's has more East. You can land right in the potato fields streetcars. The ballet we saw is Eastern and students, especially of higher technical learn­ was probably never known before the end of ing who, as in German times, are mainly and will need a car to drive you downtown. the war. But the public does not look so very attached to the special Technical University Or else you can arrive by train and get into dift'erent from the theatregoers one seems to with its splendid old and new buildings along the bustling, newly decorated central station remember from the olden days: a lot of the Oder river. The University proper teaches which, at first sight, does not look at all like parents with their offspring, matrons of rather Catholic theology, law, philosophy, including the old Hauptbahnhof. Or finally you can stately appearance with balding husbands, natural sciences, and medicine. come by car, driving into the main part of quite a few students up in the balcony seats Painstaking, loving care has gone into the the town from Trebnitz in the north or from the and high up under the roof where the chan­ faithful reconstruction of hundreds of old delier has not been changed, and the same houses, churches and monuments all over the West, using the old autobahn. However you obscure painted heads of the great composers enter, Wroclaw looks just like another strange inner City of Wroclaw. Stone after stone is look down from the ceiling. hand-carved and fitted together into just the place—a city you have never seen before and Of course, there are also theatres in town : same facades which gave the old quarters of a place which you have never imagined to some repertory, an excellent Polish dramatic Wroclaw-Breslau their originality throughout exist. theatre and several smaller modern ones. the centuries. Some of the streets, after You think you'd know every corner and There is also so much musical life in the city: reconstruction, look much more like the medi­ turning and recognise at least half the build­ an excellent orchestra and many choirs, con­ eval streets of old Breslau than they did during ing you see at first sight. How wrong you certs of soloists, organ music. the two world wars. There has been a clean are—it's just the other way round. You have As in bygone days, there are the famous up of the old streets following the brancties the horrible feeling that you have come to the Litfass columns with their public announce­ of the Ohle river where, in medieval days, wrong place—to a city you never knew before. ments at the street corners, and obviously tanners u-ed to ply their trade, but where rank There are all these new blocks of flats in fhe Wroclaw is visited by quite a number of inter­ slums had developed during the nineteenth and suburbs, and as you come closer to the centre national stars, artistes and even a French early twentieth centuries. The churches are there are the nondescript old blocks and rows theatre troupe. A lot of sporting events are all redecorated and renovated. The old of houses. Cars, buses, lorries, trams—wait taking place, and the cinemas are numerous, church, Santa Maria in Arena, the German a minute, these trams do look and sound too. Sandkirche, was being rebuilt, as only the familiar. Remember how you had to avoid outer walls were left standing after the bom­ those rails when cycling to school ? They are bardments. No effort, no expense was spared. still where they always were, ubiquitous, and There were numerous craftsmen at work. Soon the same old trams run along them, although the church will be as well restored as the with different numbers. There should be a main " Dom " itself, which is now back to its 2 on the Ring which is now spelled " Rynek ", full glory, with all painted ceilings renovated, but there is only a 17 and a 9—overcrowded all stained-glass windows replaced, every with people, clanging merrily along. single part of its complicated decoration This is a new, young town, with its busy, re-established. No wonder that once again modern life, and the reminders of the bygone large groups of tourists, guided by polyglot German times are relatively few and of little churchwardens, can be seen admiring the importance. There is that general feeling of beautiful old chapels and naves, just as you a cleverly planned, beautifully laid-out city see many buses from places as far away at south of the Oder river with its numerous Italy or Paris unloading hundreds of visitors bridges, arranged in chessboard fashion on the Ring to admire the old Gothic town around the central square with the town hall, hall. and the other old squares around the city's Catholicism in Wroclaw seems to be more main churches. The great old cathedrals are lively and more beloved by the people than it still there dedicated, oddly enough, almost all ever was in German Breslau times. The former to female saints like Mary Magdalen, St. Elisa­ Ruins of Museum main Protestant churches of Breslau are now beth, St. Dorothy and Holy Mary. Their steep all serving the Catholic faith, with German Gothic roofs dominate the view time and again There are large general book stores, special Catholic services in one of the main parish as one goes along the main streets. Great shops for technical books and international churches and Polish masses and services architects were at work here long ago; bookshops : Russian, German, the International everywhere else, except for tiny St. Christo- splendid craftsmen carved this beautiful Book Club and the Hungarian store with its phorus church, still serving a very small " Rathush " with its amusing figures, like those books and art section. You meet German- German Protestant minority. A burning above the entrance to the old city hall cellar speaking shop assistants in all of them, and problem is the Jewish question: there were which still serves as a major hostelry and now the quality of the volumes as well as of the many more Jews in Wroclaw in the years even houses a small theatre. paperbacks and textbooks is excellent. The after the war than now. Even a Polish- Stop your car anywhere and there will be same applies to the music and record stores. Jewish theatre existed ten years ago, but boys crowding around copying its number- At night, driving to the south and the park emigration to Israel made its continuation plate, perhaps asking you politely for some by the railroad encircling the elegant quarters impossible. The old Synagogue in Wallstrasse foreign stamps or coins, in Polish or even in and forming the border line between Breslau still exists and services take place regularly broken English. You will see a lot of children proper and the villages we all knew so well, and without hindrance or restriction. But on their way to and from school, and here and in the dark all of a sudden we seem to be back there are still ardent Zionists in Wroclaw, there a young soldier in his khaki uniform in our own old suburb. Every street is laid anxious to leave and to join their relatives in with the typical Polish cap. There are a few out as it always was, every turn of the road Israel. policemen around, too, and you will possibly is familiar, every street name comes back to Not that there is any antisemitism—we spot some gipsy women and children in the memory, and what appeared to be such a asked detailed questions, and there did not crowd. But there are no beggars. None of strange, bewildering place is now our own old seem to be any real reason for complaints. the barefoot children one used to see in the Breslau again. Let's drive around the Kaiser- The Jewish children in the schools, for poorer streets, no drunks, no stray dogs, Wilhelm-Platz and into the Hohenzollern- instance, are treated in the same way as their certainly none of the peasantry which was at strasse. On the left is the church of St. John non-Jewish schoolmates. They go to the boy one time supposed to constitute the majority next to the Jewish Hospital, almost right scout camps with all the others and receive of Polish newcomers to Wroclaw. across from the red brick water tower with scholarships and study grants. They feel The Opera still has the same appearance in its familiar shape. But most of the houses are secure and it seems, from the bits of informa­ every respect, right down to the huge red gone from the old familiar streets. tion we could gather, Polish to the core. But, curtain at the ticket window next to the I visited a professor at the University, at of course, there are still the adults who are not entrance. Maybe the seating is new but my own old law faculty. As before, the main assimilated, the people who never felt Polish upstairs, in the foyer, they still sell chocolates University buildings of the old Jesuit " Leo- and who cannot identify themselves at all and cold drinks in the right-hand corner, and poldina " are again far too small to house even with the aspirations of the Polish People's the people walk around the huge room on the the classical faculties, and there are lecture same shiny parquet floor and step out on to halls and staff facilities in many adjacent Continued on page 9, column 1 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 9 A VISIT TO BRESLAV Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) Continued from page 8 ii 55 Democracy. Their training and usual occu­ pations in trade and commerce do not fit ... ONLY MORE SO into the new economy either and their specific skills cannot easily be used. Their mentality " The Jewish people is like all other What is needed and expected from does not seem to be sufiBciently adjustable nations—only more so," it was once said. Finance Minister, Pinhas Sapir, and and thus they make only little progress, if any. This also seems to apply to the present rise Economic Minister, Haim Zadok, is the No wonder they wish to join their own people of prices : All over the Western world formulation of a clear, well-defined in Israel or in the United States with its prices are climbing—in Israel, too . . . only economic policy—be it the devaluation of niillions of well-established Eastern European more so. " But last week I paid much the Israel currency in order to keep Jews. That Jewish learning cannot flourish less," protests the guest when the waiter exports competitive, or strong and drastic i when the congregations have no true hope presents him with the bill for a cup of tea. deflationary measures. Prime Minister for the future is a foregone conclusion even The waiter shrugs his shoulders. " Wait Eshkol emerged victorious from the elec­ though, as we were told, there is right now a till the new rents come into effect, then you tions because to the voter he seemed the Sifted and learned rabbi officiating at the old will only be able to pay for a cup of tea in best guarantor of stability. He will have Storch Synagogue. But good care is taken instalments ". his hands full to meet these expectations of the old, the sick and the poor. Up to election day on November 2, 1965, in the economic field. There was a sad trip to the cemetery in price controls were rigorously enforced and the cost of living index was not allowed Cosel. The Nazis, of course, let the old burial IDA KAMINSKA IN LONDON grounds go to ruin and nothing much has to jump above the slow upward trend on been done to restore them to order and dignity the world market. Now that the Day of Mrs. Ida Kaminska, founder and director of ever since. Yet there were also no further Judgement by the voter has passed, Israel the Yiddish State Theatre of Poland, received disturbances, everything was left in place, and is experiencing a price explosion, with the a warm welcome when she made a personal nobody prevented new caretakers from taking Government not always setting a good appearance at the Hampstead Classic where example. her film, " A Shop in the High Street", was on the work that pious relatives abroad wanted showing. She was in London at the joint done. But what a sad spectacle to see the Rents for apartments, offices and shops invitation of the management of the cinema wilderness of an abandoned piece of ground, will, on the average, be doubled, and so and of the Memorial Committee which spon­ with some old gravestones and monuments will municipal taxation. Fees for secondary sored the opening performance. slowly sinking into the ground and crumbling schools were raised from one day to the During a personal interview Mrs. Kaminska away, disappearing into a wild growth of next by 33 per cent and in the last form said that a new Jewish cultural centre was shrubs, trees, grass and nettles! The graves amount to I£1,000 per year. Radio being built in Warsaw, which will also house you come to find, and for which a caretaker licences, too, have been increased by 33 her theatre company. It would be equipped has promised to take responsibility, are there per cent. Newspapers have increased the with every modern technical device and a price of their copy by 50 per cent, but some large stage. The company was now preparing all right, and the promised labour has been a stylised version of an old Jewish comedy as faithfully done. Names have been re-engraved can no longer cope with the fast rise of well as Arthur Miller's " Incident at Vichy ". and gilded, concrete slabs and platforms have costs, and two dailies have closed down. Mrs. Kaminska said that the troupe had been properly laid out and built. The stone­ Fares for buses, fees for sick insurance, received invitations to visit six countries mason in his skull cap stands at his place of prices for textiles, milk produce and including Israel and West Germany. There Work, with his sad smile, rsking for recognition leather goods have risen by 20 per cent, was also a promising possibility of a tour of and reward. Are you now satisfied? Have with bread to follow suit soon. Statisticians the Soviet Union. " A Shop in the High We done all you wanted us to accomplish ? have calculated that by the end of the Street", a Czech film, was her first post-war current year an average family which film and the only non-Jewish one in her career. Of course he has—and for not too much money At a reception given in her honour by the he has certainly done as good a job as any­ wants to preserve the living standard it had Memorial Committee, attended also by repre­ body could do in this wilderness. But standing in 1965 will have to spend an additional sentatives of the Polish Embassy Mrs. Kamin­ by the graves and thinking of those who are I£200 per month. ska spoke of the impact the film nad made all remembered here is such sorrow, and realising Now the new grading of the civil over the world by depicting the dreadful that one will never see this place again, seems servants, for which they fought over influence which evil had even on otherwise the only thing one can think of. This spot a period of two years, will come into force. good men during the Nazi period. which was once holy and consecrated has lost Mr. Reg Freeson, M.P., chairman of the Just when the civil servants thought they Memorial Committee, stated that soon a con­ its meaning. It is not even a reminder of would benefit from an average salary rise ference of interested organisations would be those whose names are now once again legible of 18 per cent, prices began to run amok, convened jointly by the Board of Deputies and on the heavy plaques of granite and fieldstone. and the purchasing power of their pay the Committee to decide on a permanent So, once again, let us take to the road. diminished. As a result, labour unrest memorial to the Jewish martyrs.—(J.C.) Not far from the city limits, as we drive which plagued the economy in the past south, there appears that well-known old will worsen. Last year the number of silhouette of the first of the mountains in registered strikes reached the record of Silesia's wide plains. The Zobten with its 277 with a loss of 203,000 working days. forests greets us, only half an hour away, on This brings little Israel into the class of our way to the Sudeten chains farther to the countries with the highest occurrence of south. It is a lovely road, over brooks and strikes—U.S.A., Great Britain and Italy. ••ivers, through fields and sleepy villages. But Most of the strikes in Israel were " wild " as we turn our heads for a last glimpse, we and not authorised bj^ the trade unions ; cannot see any trace of the great old city we 108 of them broke out in the civil service— left behind us. The flat plain seems uninter- from post, telegraph and telephone to i^Pted green land all along the wide horizon. doctors, nurses and pharmacists in State A.E.L. 9 hospitals. Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. 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Egon Larsen lines to the noblest of the resistance fighters, who made their truly heroic and fatal gesture at a time when Hitler's star was still in the ascendant—the Munich students Hans and THE UNCANNY GERMANS Sophie Scholl. He censures Thomas Mann The publishers, Macdonald, made a special aspect of the German national character. (whom he seems to dislike intensely) for point of bringing out their English edition of The persecution of the Jews and their calling Bishop Galen an " incorrigible priest" a book by Hermann Eich, under the title systematic annihilation, says Eich, form the when he exhorted the Germans to regard the " The Unloved Germans ", on Armistice Day. It crux of the question whether the Germans are advancing Allies as enemies. is a strange and disturbing book which "will fundamentally evil and corrupt. He quotes " Those who judge the anti-Hitler con- provide plenty of material for thought and Golo Mann who believes that the Germans spirators by too harsh standards", says Eich, discussion for the £2 it costs—as much were in 1933 no more antisemitic than other " should not in justice overlook the fact that because of what it says as what it does not say. European nations; and according to Eich the they were swpported neither bj/ their crwn One hears that it caused much controversy reaction of the German public to the burning people nor by anyone abroad" (my italics). when it appeared two years ago in Gennany of synagogues in 1938 " proved to Hitler that Precisely; the German people as a whole let (Econ-Verlag). Excellently translated by he could never bring the whole German people them die on their butcher's hooks. " There is Michael Glenny, it tries to sort out a German to approve of pogroms and destruction of the not a single example of a German having made writer's ideas and feelings about his country Jews after the manner of Tsarist Russia ". It an effective public stand in defence of the and fellow-countrymen, and at the same time had therefore to be done comparatively persecuted—such as that made by King Chris­ to present what he believes to be a balanced secretly, and " German guilt lies not in the tian X of Denmark (who put on the Star of picture of that nation to the Westem world mass-murders themselves but in giving Hitler David in 1940) ", says Eich in another context. (he regards the East apparently as hopeless). carte blanche", he concludes. " Today, the He lists the " six classic German faults " as There are two things about the book which mass-murder of the Jews strikes the Germans seen by foreigners: the Germans are crude, strike the reader in this country first. The as something incomprehensible. The world noisy and tactless; they are nationalistic, German title is " Die unheimlichen Deutschen ", expects them to feel some kind of personal especially in their inflexible attitude towards and that is rather another adjective than guilt. But this is not easy for those who are the Eastern bloc; they betray their territorial " unloved": it puts the emphasis on a com­ unable to feel any direct link between them­ greed by refusing to recognise their new fron­ pletely diSerent aspect of Germany's image selves and the perpetrators". Not even if tiers ; they are still militaristic, striving to in the outside world. The other point con­ one has voted them into power, cheered them compensate for the weakness of their conven­ cerns the author himself. Dr. Eich was born and given them carte blanche ?, we may ask. tional forces by the acquisition of nuclear in the Rhineland in 1913; the publisher's What, then, of the German resistance ? It weapons ; they still have the tendency to genu­ blurb informs us that he is now editor-in-chief is true, as Eich says, that "the courage, the flect to authority, and will continue to accept of the Dusseldorfer Zeitung and Westdeutsche sacrifices and the failure of the men who dictatorial measures; and they worship Zeitung and that he was " at one time editor plotted against Hitler can only properly be material success. Is this picture true ? Eich of the Berliner Tageblatt". When was that ? assessed and appreciated by those who know believes that it is largely distorted, because Surely not before 1933, when he was only what it means to live under a dictatorship". " the sinister German is a much more reward­ twenty; and any editor after the paper's But he goes on to show that many of the f#w ing subject for his detractor than the dull, Gleichschaltung until its demise would have who did resist had been " Sauls" who sup­ honest citizen of the Federal Republic ". No, had to write for the regime. We are not told ported the regime until Hitler looked like he says, the Germans themselves must begin that Dr. Eich was sent to prison, to a concen­ losing the war. Thus, Stauffenberg had led a to realise that good and evil are not confined tration camp or sacked for defying Goebbels's torchlight procession to celebrate the SOth by time or frontiers and that they are not to wishes. January, 1933, and regarded his act of 1944 as be found in one nation alone, and das Ausland Eich strikes his main theme right from the an expiation of guilt; Goerdeler had made a should shed its prejudices; besides, it should start: one should not generalise about whole speech full of praise for Hitler in 1937, and not overlook the fact that the Germans, how­ nations; still less should one stick to precon­ later believed he could talk sense into Hitler ever great their past guilt, "have now been ceived notions, for they can change like indi­ if he had the chance: " If only the Fiihrer reduced, in terms of international politics, to viduals : " If a Saul can become a Paul, may knew what's going on! " Nebe, another con­ impotence ". What curious reasoning ! Still, not an evil nation become good ?" The spirator of the 20th July, had taken part in an it is an absorbing book as well as a revealing Germans, he says, have a special interest in extermination action in Russia with the S.S., one, and it is lavishly illustrated with photo­ proving that a nation can undergo a and Rommel was, until his moment of insight, graphs which, in themselves, tell Germany's fundamental change and that the crimes a firm believer in National Socialism. Curi­ story—though often differently from the of the Third Reich represent only one ously enough, Eich devotes only a few meagre author.

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lish one Jewish party and I will pursue my EXHIBITION OF OLD PAINTINGS ideas there. Whether I will succeed, I don't know." Alfred Brod Gallery Nothing seems to have come of these plans, and it was perhaps just as well that Schoen­ . Any exhibition of Dutch paintings—as tor of the Vatican Academy. When in England, berg should have made his ultimate contri­ indeed of old masters in general—is a he painted an altar-piece for All Souls' College bution through his music: in works like the challenge. From our own world of doubt, at Oxford. We sometimes puzzle how an artist " Kol Nidre " of 1938 and the " Survivor from uncertain searching, negation, mocking, fear who was able to fascinate and delight the best Warsaw" of 1947 (apart from the earlier and often of destruction (all this so frequently connoisseurs only 200 years ago can be so " Moses and Aron "). expressed in works of art or would-be-art) we utterly forgotten today. His sketch in this seem to enter a realm of certainty, faith, Exhibition, "The Apotheosis of Saint Euse- H.W.F. untrammelled beauty, in fact a lost paradise, bius", accounts at least for his fame in his t^his " shocking and revolutionary " experience own time. The composition, if traditional, is IS a wholesome exercise. masterful. The Saint kneeling on a cloud and LETTERS BY ESRIEL HILDESHEIMER What I mean is exemplified in Judith surrounded by angels is beautifully drawn. Leyster's Still Life. It is dominated by a large The whole picture is informed by an elegance Publication iA Leo Baeck Institute Piece of tablecloth of a dark blue colour. The and feathery lightness that makes you gasp. Under the auspices of the Leo Baeck cloth has a radiant luminosity. On the table A. ROSENBERG. *e see beautifully painted fruit and a splendid Institute, Jerusalem, a collection of letters by Pewter jug which holds a charming surprise. Rabbi Esriel Hildesheimer (1820-1899), edited Glowing from its dark background is a sort of by Dr. Mordecai Eliav, was published recently nery little ball, a reflection of a self-portrait. SCHOENBERG'S PLANS FOR A "JEWISH (Verlag Rubin Mass, Jerusalem). It comprises A lady painter in the seventeenth century, an PARTY" 139 letters, 96 in German and 43 in Hebrew. interesting fact. Some of the German letters were written Many a great name is magnificently or A recent article in the Guardian, "Schoen­ when Hildesheimer was a Rabbi in Eisenstadt pleasantly represented in this Exhibition: berg's letters to his cousin," by R. Steiner, (1851-1869); they mainly refer to intemal van Goyen, Wouvermans, Avercamp, Cornells gives details of the composer's correspondence problems of Hungarian Jewry and to the ue Heem, etc. with the tenor, Hans Nachod, who had created writer's attitude to the Reform Movement. But we must stop for a moment in front of the striking "Portrait of a Young Man" the part of Waldemar in " Gurrelieder." In Letters of the subsequent period, when Which the catalogue attributes to Carel Fabri- 1933, the year of his return to Judaism, Hildesheimer was Rabbi of the Berlin Adath tius. He is the bridge between Rembrandt and Schoenberg wrote to his cousin : " You may Yisroel Congregation, give an insight into his Vermeer van Delft which with some imagina­ have heard that it is my intention to rally the work for Erez Israel and for the refugees tion we may detect in this moving portrait. Jews to common action. I have not done very arriving in Germany from Russia; they also Most intriguing to Jews with a German back­ much so far, because everything depends on deal with his relationship to Samson Raphael ground will be a sketch by Anton Raphael the right beginning. Now, I think it likely Hirsch and with a variety of general problems Mengs (1728-79). His father was Ishma^l that the first step will be the publication of of German Jewry. «rael Mengs, a Jew from Germany, who aban­ my own journal. ... I would prefer to travel Thus, the letters help to understand the doned Judaism and became a Court Painter as a speaker at public meetings. ... My paper in Saxony. His son, Anton Raphael, was one personality of a man who was one of the of the most famous and infiuential painters of should if possible right from the beginning outstanding leaders of neo-Orthodoxy, and who "IS century. Winckelmann was his close be published in German, Yiddish and Ivrit. ..." also played a leading role in the Jewish friend. Mengs was celebrated in Madrid and Three weeks later, he continues : " I never educational and charitable sphere. «ome, attaining the distinction of being Direc- said I am a Zionist, but I said I want to estab- E.G.L.

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THE ANGLO-CHEMICAL & ORE CO. LTD. 15-23 St. Pancras Way, PALMERSTONE HOUSE, BiSUOPSEATE. LONOON, E.C.2 APIOOB London, N.W.I EUSton 9001/7 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 AUSTRIAN AWARD FOR DR. KAPRALIK ROUND AND ABOUT The Austrian Federal President has con­ ferred upon Dr. C. I. Kapralik, General Secre­ " OUR GREATEST BRAIN GAIN " logical and, last but not least, Jewish aspects tary of the Jewish Trust Corporation for involved. The history of an immigration Germany and Joint Secretary of the Central " Sunday Telegraph " on Refugees which, by general consent, has been a par­ British Fund, the distinction of the Great ticularly successful one, has still to be written. Insignia of Honour for Merits for the Austrian Special reference to the " Thank-You As printed source material is comparatively Federal Republic in recognition of his work Britain " Fund is made in an article by Philip scarce, this task will have to be embarked as member of the Boards of Directors of the Purser on " Britons from Europe ", published upon as long as there are still sufficient wit­ Austrian Government's Property Restoration in " The Sunday Telegraph " of February 6 nesses alive. Fund, the Austrian Emigrants' Assistance Fund and of the Collecting Agency for and 13. BROADCAST SERIES BY LADY HENRIQUES Unclaimed Jewish Property. Dr. Kapralik " Few decades have brought this nation of Many readers will have heard with great received the Insignia at the Austrian Embassy immigrants such an enrichment of blood, interest the recent morning broadcasts by in London on January 20. talent and cosmopolitism as the 'thirties ", he Lady Henriques in which she vividly recalled This high distinction has only been bestowed writes. Based on a number of observations and her 50 years' life in Stepney. Whilst there on very few, if any, Jews from Austria, and interviews, the author portrays a vivid picture have always been people of middle-class origin we sincerely congratulate our friend Dr. of the arrival and gradual integration of the who did social work in the slums or even Kapralik on the well-deserved recognition of refugees from Nazi persecution. In doing so, stayed there for limited periods, there will his expert and effective work in the interest he does not qonfine himself to the stories of certainly be few who, like Lady Henriques and of the victims of Nazi persecution. prominent and well-known refugees, but, by a her late husband. Sir Basil Henriques, spent well-balanced selection of " cases", provides their whole working lives among those in their DISTINCTION FOR JEWISH PROFESSOR a realistic description of the general position. charge. As a permanent resident of the dis­ At the same time, he does not gloss over the trict. Lady Henriques got a particularly deep Award passed on to Leo Baeck Institute difficulties of the initial period, arising, on the insight into the needs of the underprivileged one hand, from the inherent xenophobia of Professor Werner Marx (Freiburg) is one section of its population. Of course, the of the three recipients of this year's Ruhrpreis many Englishmen and, on the other hand, Jewish aspect also came to life during the from the unwillingness of some of the new­ for arts and science endowed by the City of talks, and though many of us also had a difB­ Muelheim. The other two recipients are the comers to adjust their living standards to the cult start when we arrived penniless in this changed circumstances. Laying stress on the 70-year-old painter. Otto Pankok, who has a country, nothing is comparable to the poverty strong anti-Nazi record, and Dr, Guenther benefit Britain has derived from the refugees and living conditions of those who, at the turn and their children, he plays down the share of Witke, Professor of Chemistry at Bochum of the century, settled in the East End as University. his fellow-countrymen in this development. refugees from Tsarist Russia. While, to quote one example, it was certainly Professor Marx, who was born in Muelheim The talks excelled by the balanced way in in 1910, was a Referendar when the Nazis legitimate to bring to life memories of which the wider social, economic, sociological Kitchener Camp by recalling its soubriquet came to power. After his emigration he and religious problems were linked with graduated in the U.S.A. and taught social " Anglo-Saxonhausen ", the Camp's function as colourful, and sometimes also humorous, a reception centre for several thousand people science and philosophy at the New School for descriptions of episodes experienced by the Social Research in New York. He was a who otherwise would have perished also speaker during half a century of devoted work deserved to be emphasised in this context. Guest Professor in Heidelberg in 1958 and for her fellow-men. 1962, and became Professor of Philosophy at Articles of this kind are most valuable as APPOINTMENT TO READERSHIP Freiburg University in 1964. records of some typical features of our history Professor Marx has put the monetary award during the past three decades. Yet they also The art historian. Dr. Helen Rosenau, has linked up with the distinction at the dispoS&l make us aware of the need for a comprehen­ been promoted from Senior Lecturer to of the New York Centre of the Leo Baeck sive work on the wider demographic, psycho­ Reader at the University of Manchester. Institute.

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LEROI, FLESCH Cavendish Road, Kilburn, N.W.6 & CO. LTD WIL. 0046-0049 19/21 MORTIMER STREET, LONDON, W.l Telephone MUSeum 4904 A MEMBER FIRM OF ALLIED INSURANCE BROKERS LTD AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 13 Baeck Instituts (J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), MARGARETE SUSMAN ZUM GEDAECHTNIS Tubingen) erschienen ist. Manfred Schlosser, ein treuer Junger ihrer Ein langes, wechselvolles, doch vom Geist Begonnen hat sie als Lyrikerin, dann war sie letzten Jahre, hat aus Anlass ihres neunzigsten begnadetes Leben hat sich vollendet. Margarete einige Jahre, bevor sie sich der Kunst-, Litera­ Geburtstags eine ungewohnlich schon aus- Susman ist am 16. Januar in ihrem Ziircher turgeschichte und Philosophie zuwandte, gestattete Festschrift zu ihren Ehren heraus­ Heim gestorben. Sie, die am 14. Oktober 1872 Malerin, bis sie 1929 mit ihrem Werk uber gebracht (Erato Presse, Darmstadt, 1964). Ihm in Hamburg Geborene, wurde iiber 93 Jahre die " Frauen der Romantik " hervortrat (ver­ ist auch das letzte Buch Margarete Susmans alt. Fast 75 Jahre ist es her, dass die damals mehrte 3. Auflage 1960 Joseph Melzer Verlag, zu verdanken, das unter dem Titel " Vom gerade Zwanzigjahrige 1892 in Ziirich ihren Koln). Aber die Jahrzehnte seit ihrem ersten Geheimnis der Freiheit " gesammelte Aufsatze ersten Gedichtband erscheinen liess, und Gedichtband, dem noch funf weitere und eine von 1914-1964 enthait (Agora, Darmstadt, 1965). geistig tatig war sie bis zu der Stunde, da sie theoretische Abhandlung Uber " Das Wesen der Margarete Susman war eine Dichterin, eine fiir immer einschlief. Ziirich war ihr eine modernen deutschen Lyrik" (1910) folgten, Deuterin des Menschenschicksals, eine grosse zweite Heimat. In dieser Stadt verbrachte sie hatte sie genutzt. Mit fast alien bedeutenden Glaubige, die trotz allem, was sie erleben und ihre Jugend und ihre Schulzeit, und auch Geistern jener Zeit war sie in Beruhrung erleiden musste, ihren Glauben an da^ Gute spater zog es sie immer wieder in die Schweiz, gekommen, und mit vielen verband sie eine und Wahre im Menschen nicht verlor. Was sie bis sie sich 1933, nunmehr als Emigrantin, enge Freundschaft. Unzahlige Namen musste uns durch ihr Werk und ihre Personlichkeit endgultig in Ziirich niederliess. man nennen, der Kreis reicht von Stefan gegeben hat, es bleibt und ist teurer Besitz. George uber Karl Wolfskehl zu Gustav Lan­ HANS TRAMER (Tel Aviv) Wer Margarete Susman kennenlernte und dauer und Leonhard Ragaz, von Gertrud Kan­ in ihrem Arbeitszimmer in der Zurcher Kron- torowicz uber Georg Simmel zu Franz Rosen­ NUERNBERG HONOURS WILLSTAETTER leinstrasse sass, erfuhr, welche grossen Gaben zweig, Martin Buber und Ernst Bloch. diese Frau, selbst im hohen Alter noch, als Immer starker trat auch das Judische, von The Realgymnasium in Nuernberg has been Kiinstlerin und als Denkerin besass. Einzigartig named after its most famous pupil, the dem sie ursprUnglich nicht ausgegangen war, Nobel Prize winner Richard Willstaetter War ihr Gedachtnis an Personen, an Menschen, in ihr hervor. Immer mehr und immer ein- (1872-1942). Willstaetter, who was born in init denen sie verbunden war, an Zusammen­ deutiger wurde sie eine jUdische Denkerin und Karlsruhe, was eleven years old when his hange der geistigen Durchdringung jUdischer ihr tiefstes Bekenntnis legte sie in ihrem 1946 family moved to Nuernberg. He passed his und weltlichei' Kultur. Sie beherrschte nicht herausgekommenen Werk " Das Buch Hiob final examination at the school in 1890. Later, nur die verschiedensten Wissenschaftsgebiete, und das Schicksal des judischen VolkeS " dar. he became Professor at Munich University but, sondern sie war eine Mittragerin und in vielem Die Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg waren the victim of many attacks, resigned already eine Verkorperung der Tradition, die die Ver­ several years before the Nazis came to power. Uberhaupt noch eine schopferisch ungemein Under great difficulties he escaped to Switzer­ bindung von deutscher und judischer Geistig­ fruchtbare Zeit fur Margarete Susman. Es keit geschaffen hatte. land in 1939, where he died a few years later. erschien 1951 ihre Deutung der Liebe zwischen To mark the renaming of the school, a special " Ich habe viele Leben gelebt" so uber- Goethe und Charlotte von Stein, 1953 verof­ ceremony was held at which the main address sehrieb Margarete Susman ihre 1964 als Verof­ fentlichte sie ihren letzten Gedichtband "Aus was delivered by Professor Kuhn, of Heidel­ fentlichung des Leo Baeck Instituts erschiene- sich wandelnder Zeit", und ein Jahr spater berg University, a pupil of Willstaetter's. iien Lebensermnerungen (Deutsche Verlags- gab sie die Aufsatzreihe " Gestalten und Professor Kuhn also announced that a Will­ Kreise " heraus, in der sich die wohl fruheste staetter Prize had been endowed for scholar­ Anstalt, Stuttgart). In diesem aufs ausserste ships in chemistry. The director of the school bescheiden und zurUckhaltend geschriebenen Deutung Kafkas als religiose Gestalt findet. said that Willstaetter had remained as faithful Buch offenbart sich die Vielfalt der Wirkungs- Ihrem Lehrer und Freunde Simmel widmete to the memory of his school as to the religion moglichkeiten dieser ein langes Leben geistig sie noch 1959 eine Studie " Die geistige Gestalt of his ancestors. " By naming the school after schaffenden Frau durch ihr Werk und durch Georg Simmels", die in der Schriftenreihe him we also want to honour the memory of all ihre Personlichkeit. wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo other Jewish former pupils."

With the compUments of

VOGUE-STAR LIMITED

London, E.C.I Page 14 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966

House. They were shown round the Homes AJR MEETING IN MANCHESTER and spoke to several of the residents. Coun­ cillor Fisher expressed his deep appreciation On February 7 a meeting of the AJR Man­ Since then, many of those who had moved to of the friendly atmosphere and the facilities chester and District Branch was held at Morris the Provinces as evacuees have retumed to provided for the residents. Feinman House (Manchester), with Mr. A. S. London, and those who remained have been The visit was a further sign of the great Dresel (London), Chairman of the AJR, as socially integrated into their environment. interest taken by the Mayor in our activities. the speaker and Mr. 0. E. Einstein (Man­ The need for regular local meetings therefore chester) in the chair. More than 150 people, decreased and Provincial members retained FORMER PUPILS OF PANKOW including a number of non-members of the their links with the AJR as individual mem­ ORPHANAGE AJR, were present. Mr. Dresel gave a detailed bers and recipients of AJR Information. How­ report on the activities of the AJR. He ever, the experience of the Manchester Addresses Wanted described the constructive social schemes meeting, arranged at the initiative of Mr. Mr. Martin Davidsohn, 7 Mapu Street, Haifa/ initiated and implemented by the AJR and Einstein and some other friends there, Achusa, Israel, would like to get in touch with dealt particularly with those tasks which were has shown that members in the Provinces the following former pupils of the Pankow of importance to members both in London and welcome the opportunity of getting some Orphanage: Georg Michaelis, bom 4.5.1894, in the provinces, e.g., the production of AJR information by way of oral reports and of Max and Gabriel Leibman (twins), born Information and the safeguarding of the having an exchange of views with responsible 6.10.1905, Moritz Fuhrmann, born 25.4.1905, rights of the Nazi victims in the fields of Hon. Officers from London. At the same fime, Carl Eugen Freytag, born 27.11.1917, Schaul restitution and compensation. AU those occasional local functions may also provide a Kuerschner, born 1922, Willi Arendt, born present greatly welcomed the opportunity meeting-ground for people who have much in 7.12.1913, and Hans Goldstein. Any informa­ of receiving some first-hand information on common and who might otherwise lost contact. tion should be sent to Mr. Davidsohn. the multitude of current developments with Any readers in the Provinces who feel that which the AJR is actively concemed. it would be worth while to try and intensify FEBRUARY ISSUE OF "AJR Encouraged by the success of the meeting, the the contacts between former refugees living INFORMATION " initiators intend to arrange another function at their place should get in touch with AJR of the branch in the near future. headquarters. It appears that, for reasons beyond our con­ The unexpectedly good attendance of the trol, some members have not received the gathering and the great interest it evoked are MAYOR OF CAMDEN VISITS HOMES February issue of AJR Information. We of more than local significance. When the extend our sincerest apologies to the members AJR commenced its activities during the war, On February 2 the Mayor of Camden, Coun­ concerned and would ask them to get in touch it soon established local branches in all large cillor S. Fisher, and the Mayoress paid an with our office so that we may send them cities and a great number of smaller places. informal visit to Leo Baeck House and Osmond copies now.

FAMILY EVENTS SeideL—Rudolph Seidel, of 76 SECRETARY, English / German, LIVELY GET-TOGETHER. Middle- Abercorn Road, London, N.W.7, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. daily, Swiss Cottage/ aged couples with progressive out­ Entries in the column Family passed away suddenly on January Golders Green. MAIda Vale 6108. look, living in Harrow, Kenton, Events are free of charge. Texts 29. Deeply mourned by his wife, Edgware, Kingsbury, Wembley, should be sent in by the I8th of son and family. DISABLED LADY, 50, seeks home- who feel lonely, can meet for the month. work, experienced in pearl string­ informal discussions and cultural CLASSIFIED ing and also metal parts and activities. No subscriptions. Write Birth finishing. Box 678. The charge in these columns is Box 682. Oldham.—To Rose and Frank 3.5. for five loords. WOMAN of 80, seeks homework, AJR Attendance Service Oldham, 7524 Oak Park Avenue, knitting, crocheting or hand-sewing. Van Nuys, California 91406, U.S.A., Situations Vacant Box 679. WOMEN available to care for sick on January 23, a daughter, Women people and invalids, as companions Angelique Judith. Granddaughter Accommodation Vacant and sitters-in; non-residential. for Mr. Robert and the late Mrs. SECRETARY for small export/ 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. Judith Klein, of California, great- import firm in congenial, modern CAMBRIDGE —Luxurious accom­ granddaughter for Mrs. Nina Klein, office, Wembley area. Ideal posi­ modation in cultured private house AJR Needlewomen Service 158 Walm Lane, London, N.W.2 tion for experienced person willing with gardens and deckchairs, bath, (formerly Berlin) who celebrated to accept responsibility. Hours h. & c, TV, radio, telephone, cen­ WOMEN available for alterations, her 78th birthday on January 22. 9.30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Box 672. tral heating, use of kitchen, fridge, mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. etc. 30s. per person per night. 4449. HOUSEKEEPER WANTED by Deaths Meals and service if desired. Box widower (57) of Continental origin 671. Personal Kaczynski.—Martin Kaczynski with son (18). Modern, pleasant passed away peacefully on January house in Birmingham area, cen­ COMFORTABLE HOME to com­ SPINSTER, 62, German origin, 29. Deeply mourned by his wife, trally heated, non-Orthodox. Box panionable, intelligent gentleman naturalised British, Jewish, own Edith (nee Bach), sons, William 674. offered by doctor's widow, non- property, savings, old age pension Orthodox ; terms on mutual agree­ and small income, wishes to meet and Edward, sister, Meta, brothers- Situations Wanted in-law, Martin (U.S.A.) and Dr. ment ; would suit middle-aged gentleman between 60-70, view Kurt Bach, daughters-in-law, Men professional; N.W. London. Box marriage. Box 675. Marian and Marilyn, grandchildren. U.S.A. GRAIN MERCHANT, 40s, 673. INTELLIGENT, ATTRACTIVE, Nicole and Tania, relatives and fluent French, German, over 20 MIDDLE-AGED LADY (Continen­ MIDDLE-AGED LADY offers tal) with lovely house, would like friends.—21 Cranbourne Gardens, years' experience with world-wide pleasant room to lady of similar London, N.W.ll. company, wishes to return to to meet gentleman, view com­ age in private house, Golders panionship. Box 676. Europe. Invites offers, suggestions. Green. Box 683. Meyer.—Karl Meyer, of 25 Bel­ Box 680. vedere Court, Lyttleton Road, MY WIDOWED SISTER-IN-LAW London, N.W.2, passed away peace­ EXPERIENCED BOOKKEEPER, Accommodation Wanted is very lonely. I would like to able to take charge of full set of find a companion for her. She is fully in his 80th year on December ACCOMMODATION WITH FULL 2. 1965. Deeply mourned by his books up to Trial Balance and 52, attractive, musical, houseproud, beyond, also conversant with BOARD wanted for old gentleman likeable nature, not wealthy nor wife, Ellen, his son and daughter- in German/Jewish household or in-law, Henry and Lois, his grand­ P.A.Y.E.. seeks part-time post. needy. The lucky gent should not Box 681. boarding-house. Please reply, be older than 65 and of unquestion­ son, Graham, relatives and friends. giving details and price charged, able integrity. Box 677. Women to Box 684. Regensburger.—Max Regensburger (formerly Frankfurt) passed away EXPERIENCED GERMAN SECRE­ MISSING PERSONS TARY. German shorthand, fast Miscellaneous peacefully on January 21, aged 83 Personal Enquiries vears. Deeply mourned by his English/German typing, seeks COTTAGE, ROMAN HILLS, for family and friends. interesting position where her long letting or possibly co-driving Loewenthal.—Johnny (Hans Jur- knowledge of German is useful. there in May. PARk 9330. .gen) Loewenthal, waiter, born Rosenthal.—Harry Rosenthal, Dipl. Wm. Merrow Employment Agency, 1.3.1927, Bremen, last heard of four Ing. Arch.. The Studio, 16 North 42 Woburn Place. MUSeum 1487 VISITING SECRETARY, typing, years ago London, please contact. Square, N.W.ll (formerly archi­ and MONirch 7282. translating, interpreting, English, Tel. HARrow 7088. tect in Berlin and Palestine), German, French ; own typewriter. passed away suddenly at the age of EMP. 8181 either before 10 a.m. or Enquiries by AJR 73 on January 17. WANTED after 7 p.m. Home workers to make Hellmann.—Heirs are sought of the Schwab.—Ernst Schwab, of 92 SUPERFLUOUS HAIR removed late historian. Siegmund Hellmann, Westcotes Drive. Leicester, passed Crochet (Gehaekelt) Buttons safely and permanently by experi­ Professor in Leipzig from 1923 to awav suddenlv on February 3, in Constant work. Good pay. enced Physiotherapist and Elec- 1933. He was born in Munich on his 87th year. Deeply mourned by 'Phone : Mr. Allan, trologist. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E., March 19, 1872 and died in his wife, sons and their families LANgham 8550 R.M.T.. 239 Willesden Lane, Theresienstadt on December 7, and friends. N.W.2. 'Phone WILlesden 1849. 1942. AJR INFORMATION March, 1966 Page 15 Letters to the Editor IN MEMORUM PROFESSOR HARRY BRESSLAU Sir,—I read with great interest Rabbi Dr. REICHSGERICHTSRAT i. R. DANIEL COHN DR. FRIEDA WUNDERLICH S. Neufeld's article, "Albert Schweitzer's Father-in-law" (AJR Information, Vol. XX, It was learnt with regret that Reichsgerichts­ Dr. Frieda Wunderlich died in East Orange, rat i. R. Daniel Cohn passed away in Chicago. No. 12). But I have to disagree with its author's New Jersey, at the age of 81. She was a view that "Bresslau's contribution to Jewish After having served as a judge at the Berlin leading expert in the fields of economics, historical research is disputed". The papers Kammergericht he was promoted to the labour law, social policy and sociology and a which Bresslau published in the "Zeitschrift Supreme Court in Leipzig a few years before lecturer at the New School for Social fiir die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland " the Nazis came to power. Only jurists of the Research until 1954. In Gennany, where she (1887-1892), are considered gems of the Judteo- highest standard were chosen for this exalted lived until 1933, she taught at the "Berufs­ Cierman historiography. I aho beg to differ office. He was dismissed in 1933 and later paedagogische Institut" and also edited the with Rabbi Dr. Neufeld's suggestion that Bress­ emigrated to England. periodical, ^oziale Praxis. At the same time, lau was opposed to Graetz's participation in the When in 1947 the AJR established a Resti­ she was actively associated with practical work of the " Commission for the History of tution Department, which was to be the fore­ political work as a member of the Prussian the Jews in Germany", because in his view runner of URO, Reichgerichtsrat Cohn became Diet and the Berlin Municipal Assembly. "Graetz was too Jewish". The actual reason head of that department. However, several for his opposition was, I think, that he was months later he left for the United States to as critical of Graetz's scholarly method as Join his relatives. Under the law for compen­ RABBI J. Y. WEINBERG Marcus Isaac Jost, Leopold Zunz, Moritz Stein­ sation and nominal reinstatement of former schneider on the one hand, and Heinrich von civil servants and judges, he was made a Rabbi Jacob Yechiel Weinberg, a universal Treitschke, on the other hand. (By the way, Senatspraesident. scholar and outstanding halachist, died in about forty years ago Professor Ismar Elbogen, Lausanne at the age of 82. He was formerly in a conversation with me, strongly dis­ Daniel Cohn was always an upright Jew who principal of the Hildesheimer Rabbinical approved of Bresslau's stand against Graetz.) also took a great interest in Jewish affairs. Seminary in Berlin. The body was flown to All those who knew him will remember him Jerusalem and buried in the " Sages Corner " With regard to Dr. Neufeld's remark that with gratitude and respect. he did not know whether Bresslau's daughter of Har Hamenuhot. abandoned Judaism when she married Albert MRS. HEDWIG ETTINGHAUSEN Schweitzer or earlier, I should like to mention LEOPOLD JESSNER REMEMBERED that, cxcording to Jean Pierhal's biography of With the death of Mrs. Hedwig Etting- Albert Schweitzer, Bresslau let his daughter hausen. the former refugees have lost a trusted To mark the 20th anniversary of the death Helene embrace Christianity before she met and devoted friend. Born in Germany and of Leopold Jessner, the Berlin Jewish com­ Albert Schweitzer. married to an Englishman, she came to this munity, in conjunction with the Schiller Please allow me also to put straight a minor country in 1919. Theater, held a memorial meeting in the detail, probably a misprint: the name of one . In view of her pre-First World War connec­ Berlin Jewish Communal Centre, Fasanen- of the well-known Christian historians who tions in Germany, she was one of the first strasse. The main speaker was Professor co-operated with Bresslau was not Wittenbach, Persons to whom a large number of people Ludwig Marcuse, who had known Jessner for but Wattenbach. turned on the advent of Nazism. She saved a great number of years. He recalled Yours, etc., the lives of scores of people by getting visas that on account of his pioneer work at the FRITZ FRIEDLANDER. for them, and, during the years 1933 to 1939, State Theatre. Jessner was the target of many 959. Epping Road, Reservoir N.W, her house became a kind of temporary shelter reactionary and National Socialist attacks. Victoria, .Australia. with different people sleeping there almost Forced to emigrate in 1933, Jessner for every night. some time stayed in Palestine, a country in CARMEL COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIPS When war broke out Mrs. Ettinghausen was which he had always taken a great interest. Sir,—It may well be that your readers will active as an inspector for the Refugee Chil­ During that period he worked with Habima. know of able boys who would benefit from an dren's Movement and travelled widely in the He spent the last years of his life in the education ot Carmel College, but who liave South of England, visiting children in their United States, a lonely and forgotten man. been reluctant to apply because of their foster-homes and dealing with some of the The actress. Elsa Wagner, read from works parents' inability to pay the full fees or any difficult problems involved. Her house was by and ?;bout Jessner, and Martin Held quoted fees at all. bombed soon after the blitz started, and articles written by Alfred Kerr in defence of Every year Carmel College offers a number she moved to Oxford. There, almost single- Jessner. Recitals were also rendered by Ernst of scholarships and bursaries totalling over handed, she founded a Jewish communal £3,000 to such boys between the ages of 10 to Centre where evacuees and refugees coul3 Deutsch. 14. The Scholarship Examination will next meet. After the war she was instrumental in be held at Carmel College on Sunday, the 27th founding the "Friends of the Children's "THE DEPUTY" BANNED IN March, 1966, and application forms can be Village at Beer Jaacov (Israel)", of which she BUENOS AIRES obtained from me. Was chairman for many years and later became Yours, etc., Honorary President. The Buenos Aires Municipal Council has DAVID M. STAMLER, All those who knew Mrs. Ettinghausen will banned further performances of the play " The Headmaster. remember her warm-hearted and helpful per­ Deputy", which opened at the La Salle Carmel College, sonality with gratitude and affection. Theatre in January. Wallingford, Berkshire.

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OUTSTANDING Hotel Pension Cold Buffet Specialist ARLET SIMAR HOUSE The Exclusive The private Continental Hotel Salon de Corseterie Any venue—parties up to 30. MRS. L. SCHWARZ Complete satisfaction guaranteed. LONDON, N.W.2 Tel.: GLA. 4023 10-12 Herbert Road Exquisitely furnished rooms for visitors 'Phone : GLAdstone 3893 and permanent guests. BOURNEMOUTH WEST Central heating. TV. Radios. Garden. Mme H. LIEBERG between 9 and 11 a.m. As always, the House with the home-like atmosphere 871 FINCHLEY ROAD. N.W.Il ond its beautiful gardens. Do you want comfort and 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 CHANGE OF ADDRESS every convenience, CENTRALLY HEATED In order to ensure that you get First-Class Accommodation Open the whole year Ready-made and to measure. room with own bath, excellent Continental DIETS on request your copy of " AJR Information " food. TV lounge, gardens ? within easy reach of Sea and Town Centre Newest shades in hosiery. regularly, please be sure to inform Mrs. A. WOLFF, us immediately of any change of 3 Hemstal Rood, N.W.6 Mrs. MARGOT SMITH EXPERT & QUALIFIED FITTERS (MAI. 8521) 'Phone: Westbourne 64176 address. Page 16 AJR INFORMATION March, 1966

TRIBUTE TO REFUGEE NURSE THE ISRAELI SCENE Miss Gerda Weber, a Sister at the Kingsbury Maternity Hospital, recently died after a road AID FROM BONN BOYS' TOWN accident. She was born in Breslau and came to this country with a refugee children's West Germany is considering an economic Mr. David Amittai, a director of Boys' Town transport before the outbreak of war. aid programme of about £16i million, to be Jerusalem, on a visit to London announced In a tribute published by several papers in used primarily for desalination and irrigation that a school for technology and education is the district, the Hospital House Committee projects. Details are being negotiated. The to be built at a cost of £40,000 at Boys' Town, stated that there must be many hundreds of loan of about £7 million granted to Israel at with money raised by the Town's British mothers in the districts of Willesden, Wembley the end of December was, it is understood, Friends. This is one of five new technical and Harrow who have cause to remember with part of the economic aid programme. Bonn's schools planned. gratitude the late Miss Gerda Weber. " In her economic aid is granted for specific projects early days", the statement goes on, " Miss only. TRADE UNION VISITS Weber worked very hard and tried to get her U.S. ASSISTANCE TO JORDAN parents, whom she loved so dearly, to the It is expected that about 350 young West safety of this country. Unhappily, she did not According to President Johnson's annual succeed, and they, with other near relatives, German trade union members in twelve groups perished in the concentration camps. report to Congress, United States military aid will spend between two and three weeks in to Jordan in the fiscal year which ended last Israel this year, working part of the time in " Miss Weber had set herself to the service June totalled over £1§ million. Saudi Arabia a kibbutz.—(J.C.) of her fellow human beings with great devo­ received about a third of this amount. The tion, kindness and even greater skill. She also report stated that the money made available "BLAU-WEISS" YOUTH HOSTEL taught many generations of pupil midwives to Saudi Arabia was for training purposes. and medical students in their craft. Her Many millions of dollars were also expended colleagues, doctors and midwives, remember a by America on economic aid to the Arab To perpetuate the name of the " Blau- Weiss ", former members of that leading shy, cultured young woman, rather frail of countries during the twelve months up to figure, who did not enjoy very good health but June, 1965. Zionist Youth Organisation in Germany spon­ sored the establishment of a youth hostel in who was devoted to the mothers and babies she The report declared there had been some served so well." success in mitigating the effects of the Arab Arad to be named " Beth Blau-Weiss ". More boycott on certain American firms and indi­ than 400 former Blau-Weiss members attended viduals, although there had been "little pro­ the opening ceremony on January 14. PARKES FELLOWSHIP gress in 1965 " in whittling down still further The idea of the hostel had been conceived the restrictions imposed on American citizens at a Blau-Weiss rally held in Naharaya in 1962 Southampton University is to establish a by Arab countries on the ground of religion, to mark the SOth anniversary of the founda­ research fellowship in connection with the principally with respect to travel. tion of the Blau-Weiss. Parkes Library recently donated to the uni­ versity by the Rev. Dr. James Parkes. The CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES GERMAN VISITORS fellowship is for research within the general field of relations between the Jewish and non- A meeting of Orthodox Jews was held in According to the Deutschland-Berichte Jewish world, enabling the holder to use the Zurich to protest against the activities of (Bonn) the number of German visitors to resources of the Parkes Library and to assist Christian missionaries in Israel. Rabbi Israel in 1965 amounted to 12,229. This is an in its development. Jungermann, of Tel Aviv, told the meeting increase of 18% as compared with 1964. There that of 1,300 missionaries active in Israel, were altogether 228 group travels comprising APPOINTMENT FOR FRANZ REIZENSTEIN 400 were converts from Judaism. He estimated more than 6,000 visitors, including 28 youth that 10,000 Jews were reached by the 51 insti- groups who worked in kibbutzim, 140 study The composer and pianist, Mr. Franz Reizen­ titions of a missionary or near-missionary groups and 60 groups of tourists and pilgrims. stein, who also repeatedly gave recitals for the nature in Israel, and that 2,000 Jewish children In January, this year, the headquarters of residents of our Homes, has been appointed were being educated at Christian schools. the Israeli Tourist Office for German-speaking visiting professor of composition at Boston There were also, he said, eleven mission countries was transferred from Ziirich to University and will stay in the U.S.A. for hospitals and many clubs. Frankfurt/Main. several months.

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