Elke Rehder

Chess Magazines & Newspapers with Columns in the 19th Century from the Elke Rehder Collection

 Elke Rehder Presse Barsbüttel

2018

Published in Germany, May 2018

© Elke Rehder Presse Barsbüttel near , Germany

Unless stated otherwise, all images are from the Elke Rehder Collection.

This text will be updated and expanded on occasion.

Contact: Elke Rehder Blumenstr. 19 22885 Barsbüttel [email protected] https://www.elke-rehder.de https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elke_Rehder

2 Content

Content ...... 3 1 Chess magazines in Europe and the USA ...... 4 1.1 Chess magazines in France ...... 4 1.1.1 Le Palamède ...... 5 1.1.2 La Régence ...... 14 1.1.3 La Stratégie ...... 16 1.2 Chess magazines in Great Britain ...... 17 1.2.1 The Philidorian ...... 18 1.2.2 The Chess Player's Chronicle ...... 21 1.2.3 The Chess Player's Magazine ...... 24 1.3 Overview of the US chess magazines ...... 26 1.4 Chess magazines in Germany ...... 30 1.4.1 Deutsche Schachzeitung () ...... 30 1.4.2 Schachzeitung () ...... 32 1.4.3 Magdeburger Schachzeitung ...... 33 1.4.4 Sonntags-Blatt für Schach-Freunde ...... 34 1.4.5 Neue Berliner Schachzeitung ...... 35 1.5 Chess magazines in Austria ...... 36 1.6 Chess magazines in Switzerland ...... 37 1.7 Chess magazines in the Netherlands ...... 38 1.8 Chess magazines in Italy ...... 41 2 Chess columns in newspapers before 1870 ...... 42 2.1 English-language newspapers ...... 42 2.1.1 Early newspapers in Great Britain ...... 42 2.1.2 Early newspapers in the USA ...... 50 2.2 French-language newspapers ...... 52 2.3 Swedish-language newspapers ...... 56 2.4 German-language newspapers ...... 59

1 Chess magazines in Europe and the USA

1.1 Chess magazines in France

Overview of the French chess magazines before 1870 1836–1839 Le Palamède, revue mensuelle des échecs (1836, 1837), revue mensuelle des jeux (1838). . Editor: Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais. 1842–1847 Le Palamède, revue mensuelle des échecs et autres jeux. Deuxième Série. Paris. Editor: Pierre Saint-Amant. 1849–1851 La Régence, journal des échecs. Rédigé par une Société d'amateurs. Au Café de la Régence, Paris. Editor: . 1856–1857 La Régence, revue des échecs et autres jeux. Paris. Editor: Jules Arnous de Rivière1. 1860–1864 La Régence, revue spéciale des échecs. Paris. Editor: Paul Journoud2. Since 1861 with the new title La Nouvelle Régence until the last vol. 5. 1864–1865 Le Palamède français, revue des échecs et des autres jeux de combinaison. Paris, publishing house Ch. Lahure. Editor: Paul Journoud. 1865–1866 Le Sphinx: Journal des échecs. Paris, Café de la Régence. Editor: Paul Journoud. 1867–1868 La Stratégie, Journal d'échecs paraissant tous les mois par une société d'amateurs. Paris. Editor: Jean-Louis Preti.

1 Jules Arnous de Rivière (1830–1905) was a French chess player and author of the book Nouveau manuel illustré du jeu des échecs. Paris 1861. 2 Paul Journoud (1821–1882 Paris) was from 1850 to 1863 one of the leading French chess masters and the editor of several chess periodicals.

4 1.1.1 Le Palamède The French chess champion Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais, was after François-André Danican Philidor the most important chess player in France. In 1834 he traveled to , where he played 88 games against the Irishman Alexander McDonnell, who was at that time the strongest chess player in Great Britain. After this, La Bourdonnais was considered the strongest chess player in the world. He died on 13 December 1840 at the age of forty-five years, ill and completely impoverished in London.

Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais La Bourdonnais had already published an important chess book in 1833, and in 1836 he founded in Paris the world's first chess periodical Le Palamède. The publication was discontinued in 1839 as a result of the deterioration of his state of health and the lack of financial resources.

5 This is the title page of the world's first chess periodical by Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais in Paris.

6 In 1842, Pierre Saint-Amant, the strongest French chess master at the time, continued the publication until 1847. After that, Saint-Amant stopped playing and focused on his work in the diplomatic service.

Pierre Saint-Amant

7 This is the first edition of the second series, published by Pierre Saint-Amant in Paris.

8

Palamede_1842_Springerproblem_Euler_1

Palamede_1842_Springerproblem_Vandermonde

9

Palamede_1842_2_Springerproblem_Euler_5

Palamede_1842_2_Springerproblem_Troupenas

10

Chess diagram in Palamede from 15 April 1842 with the ’s mitre.

Palamede 1842 “Fou” the French bishop

Chess diagram in Palamede from 15 July 1842 with Le fou (bishop).

11

Palamede from 15 May 1843 announcing the new .

Palamede from 15 January 1845. Diagram with new chess pieces.

12

13 1.1.2 La Régence At the beginning of 1849, the chess periodical La Régence, edited by Lionel Kieseritzky, introduced a different chess notation. This was already made clear on the title page of the first issue.

14

15 1.1.3 La Stratégie

This is the title page of first edition from 1867.

16 1.2 Chess magazines in Great Britain

Overview of the British chess periodicals before 1870 1837 The Philidorian, London. Editor: George Walker. The magazine came out until May 1838. 1840 Palamede. London. Editor: John Henry Huttmann (no copy exists in the public domain). 1841 The British Miscellany3, Vol. 1 (first series from February to April 1841). Editor: . 1841–1852 The British Miscellany & Chess Player’s Chronicle. Vol. 1 new series from May to October 1841. Editor: Howard Staunton. From October 30th with the title The Chess Player's Chronicle until 1852 published in London by Hastings (Vol. 1–6), by Hurst (Vol. 7–9) and by Skeet (Vol. 11–13). 1851–1853 The Chess Player. Editor: Joseph Kling and Bernhard Horwitz. London, publishing house: Day. 1853–1854 The British was published in London in two issues before June 1854. Editor: . 1854–1856 The Chess Player's Chronicle - (New Series) published in London by W. Kent and had practically two editors, because Staunton had sold his copyright to Robert Barnett Brien4. A total of four volumes were published. In August 1856 the series was discontinued. 1859–1862 The Chess Player's Chronicle Third Series. Four volumes were published. The members of the editorial staff are not exactly known. Chess players, who met in Starie's Philidorian Chess Rooms, such as Adolf Zytogorski, Ignaz von Kolisch and Josef Kling, were involved in the editorial. 1863–1864 The Chess Player's Magazine. First series. Editor: Ernst (also Ernest) Falkbeer, London, from July 1863 to November 1864 (without the December issue). Publishers: 1863 E. Owen and 1864 Kent & Co. 1865–1867 The Chess Player's Magazine New Series. Editor: Johann Löwenthal, London. Publishers: 1865 Kent & Co. and 1866–1867 Adams & Francis. 1865 The Household Chess Magazine. Edited by Toz5 in Liverpool. There were only three editions published by The Guardian in . 1866–1869 The Chess World. Publisher: Trübner in London. Four issues. 1868–1875 The Chess Player's Quarterly Chronicle. York. From 1872 to 1875 without the note Quarterly (partly amateurish and provincial).

3 Was a magazine, published since 1799. With the year 1841 (from page 90 onwards) contributions were regularly published on chess and chess problems with diagrams. 4 Robert Barnett Brien (1827–1873) was a London chess player with his best activity from 1851 to 1858. 5 Toz Is a pseudonym of the famous English blindfold player .

17 1868–1879 The Westminster Papers (Title of the first edition: The Westminster Papers). A total of 11 editions were published in London. The editorship consisted of P. T. Duffy6 with the co-operation of J. H. Zukertort, W. N. Potter7 and other experts. The editorial staff used the pseudonym Telemachus Brownsmith for the publication.

Johannes Zukertort. Engraving from Illustrirte Zeitung, No. 2349 from1888.

1.2.1 The Philidorian In 1836, La Bourdonnais founded the first exclusively to chess dedicated magazine Le Palamède in Paris. La Bourdonnais was a friend of the London chess player and son of a bookseller George Walker. Almost two years later than the French Palamède Walker founded the first British The Philidorian in

6 Patrick Thomas Duffy (1834–1888) English chess master, played 1865 in London against . 7 William Norwood Potter (1840–1895) English chess master and journalist in London. From 1874 to the beginning of 1876 he edited the City of London Chess Magazine.

18 December 1837. It was the first English-language chess magazine in the world. While the Palamède was still able to endure until 1839, Walker had to resign his Philidorian after only a few months in May 1838 due to a lack of demand. The chess game itself was not so widespread in England, the nation of chess players, that it was worthwhile to publish a chess magazine. Only individual newspapers reported on special chess events. 1834 was the spectacular battle between La Bourdonnais and the Irishman Alexander McDonnell (1778–1835), who played for the Westminster Chess Club. McDonnell won 30 games, lost 44 and played 14 draws. Despite the chess fight between these worlds' best chess players, only a few chess players were interested in the theoretical aspects of chess and did not spend money on a chess magazine. Only after the "power struggle" between England (Staunton) and France (Saint-Amant) in 1843 the game of chess played a greater role in the bourgeoisie. In particular, the triumphant English nation was now more concerned with chess and so the 1841 founded Chess Player's Chronicle now had better sales opportunities.

In the March issue of 1838, the Philidorian also treats other games besides chess. The above diagram shows a draught game. Polish drafts is today referred to as international drafts or international checkers. As you can see, the famous French chess player François-André Danican Philidor was not just a master of chess.

19

The chess game for four persons on a board, recommended here with black, white, green and red figures, was welcomed in May 1838 in the Philidorian as a special form. In 1837, Karl Enderlein published in Berlin his Theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Vierschachspiele, which was published in the same year by Sherwin in London with the title Complete Rules for Playing the New Game of Chess for four persons, with two sets of men, on one board. In the sixth and last edition of the Philidorian in May 1838, Walker published a bibliography of all the books published so far. The chess historian Antonius van der Linde (1833–1897) was able to make good use of Walker's compilation for his extended chess bibliography.

20 1.2.2 The Chess Player's Chronicle

The Chess Player's Chronicle first edition from 1841

21 In May 1841 Howard Staunton took over the magazine The British Miscellany, which he continued under the title The Chess Player's Chronicle. His competitor was Saint-Amant, who after the death of La Bourdonnais had "revived" the chess magazine Le Palamède in 1842. Staunton often used his Chronicle for attacks against others. George Walker was often the target. Walker founded the Westminster Chess Club in 1831, the first The Philidorian in 1837, the St. George's Chess Club in 1843, author of numerous chess books and editor of the chess column of the prestigious Sunday newspaper Bell's Life. In addition, Walker won a match against Staunton in 1845 and he was a friend of Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais. All of this was reason enough for Staunton to fire verbal shots against Walker. In 1845, George Walker together with Henry Thomas Buckle8, William Davies Evans9, George Perigal10 and William Josiah Tuckett11 played by telegraph two games (a win and a ) against the team of Howard Staunton and Hugh Alexander Kennedy12 in Portsmouth.

8 Henry Thomas Buckle (24.11.1821 in Lee, Kent – 29.05.1862 in Damascus) was a historian and a strong chess player. attested to Buckle an above- average talent and praised his playing strength. 9 William Davies Evans (27.01.1790 near Pembroke – 03.08.1872 in Ostend) was a sailor, chess player and the originator of the Evans-. He learned the chess game at the age of 28 from a ship officer. 10 George Perigal (1806–01.04.1855) was an English chess player in London. He lost against Saint-Amant in 1843 and against Anderssen in 1853. 11 William Josiah Tuckett, was a chess player in London. In 1849, he is known for his 4 games in London. He died in 1854. 12 Hugh Alexander Kennedy (1809–22.10.1878) was an English chess master. In 1851 he defeated the Berlin chess champion Carl Mayet and won the sixth place in the international in London.

22

Station Nine Elms: The telegraph room when Mr. Walker's first move was sent. Wood engraving from the German Illustrirte Zeitung from August 9th 1845

Telegraph line next to the railway line

23 1.2.3 The Chess Player's Magazine

It is a magazine by the London publishers Edward Healey and E. Owen. For the first series 1863 and 1864, the Viennese chess player Ernst Falkbeer was editorially responsible. The publishers had to earn money with the magazine. Therefore they had advertisements not only for the topic chess, as can be seen in the following advertisement.

24 This edition also contained an advertisement for the bibliography of chess. The book dealer Richard Simpson offered a 49-page catalog with chess books.

25 1.3 Overview of the US chess magazines

Overview of the US chess periodicals before 1870 1846 (from October to December) The Chess Palladium and Mathematical Sphinx, New York, edited by Napoleon Marache. 1846–1847 The American Chess Magazine (page title The Chess Player's Magazine) from October 1846 to September 1847, edited by Charles Henry Stanley and published in New York and London." Later there was a second series from 1897 to 1899. 1857–1861 The Chess Monthly, an American chess serial, edited by and Daniel Willard Fiske, New York, Miller & Son. The chess problems were edited by Eugene Beauharnais Cook. 1858 American Chess Association Bulletin, New York. 1859 (from July to August) The Philidorian, Charleston, USA, no editor stated. 1859 (from October to November) The Gambit, a weekly Chess journal edited in New York by Theodor Lichtenhein. The chess problems were edited by Samuel Loyd.

Paul Morphy in Birmingham. Engraving from the Illustrirte Zeitung 1858.

26 After 1870 published chess magazines (Selection)  The Chess Journal (The Dubuque and other title variants), 1870–1892, O. A. Brownson13, Dubuque (1870–78) and Rockdale (1886–92).  The Maryland Chess Review, 1874–1875, by John K. Hanshew.14  The American Chess Magazine, 1875 (from April to May) by E. A. Kunkel15, B. M. Neill16, T. P. Bull17, I. E. Orchard18 und James Mason19.  The American Chess Journal, 1876–1877, by W. S. Hallock20.  The American Chess Journal, 1878–1879, by Sam Loyd, George Henry Mackenzie21 und James Mason, New York.  The American Chess Journal, 1879–1881, by Emanuel Barbe22, Chicago.  Brentano's Aquatic Monthly and Sporting Gazetteer, 1879–1881 and from 1882 Brentano's Chess Monthly, New York.  Brooklyn Chess Chronicle, 1882–1886.

13 Orestes Augustus Brownson (1803–1876). Das Dubuque Chess Journal (1870–1876) and Brownsons's Chess Journal (1877–1887) were edited by his son O. A. Brownson Jr. 14 John K. Hanshew was a chess player and . His Book of Chess Problems was published 1874 by O. A. Brownson in Dubuque. 15 E. A. Kunkel translated the 5th edition of Paul Rudolf von Bilguer's Handbuch des Schachspiels for the Maryland Chess Review 1875, 44 p. 16 Benjamin Milnes Neill (13.04.1853–16.02.1922) was an American chess player and chess composer. 17 Thomas Porter Bull (07.08.1839–12.12.1890) was an American chess player and chess composer. His book Chess Problems were published 1875 by O. A. Brownson Jr., 52 p. 18 Isaac Edward Orchard (06.12.1853–12.05.1908) was an American chess player. He played at the 1876 New York Clipper Tournament. He was the editor of the music magazine Tone. 19 James Mason (19.11.1849 in Kilkenny – 15.01.1905 in Rochdale, Essex) was a major Irish-American chess player. His real name is unknown. As an orphan, he was adopted by an Irish family and was named James Mason. In 1861 he traveled with his family to the United States. There he learned to play chess and had an opportunity job at the New York Herald. In 1876 he won the 4th and the New York Clipper Tournament. In 1878 he settled in England and wrote a series of important chess books. 20 W. S. Hallock was an American newspaper publisher in Hannibal (Missouri). 21 (24.03.1837 in Scotland – 14.04.1891 in ) was an American chess master of Scottish descent. In 1862 he won against Adolf Anderssen in London. In 1863 Mackenzie moved to the United States and fought in American Civil War. In 1865 he became a professional chess player in New York City and the best chess master, because Paul Morphy had retired from chess. In 1887 he won the Congress of the German Chess Federation in am Main. 22 Emanuel Barbe (01.08.1851–21.01.1887) was a Chicago born American chess composer, publisher and editor of the American Chess Journal 1879–81.

27  The Columbia Chess Chronicle, 1887–1891, Columbia Chess Club, 1 Second Avenue, New York.  American Chess Monthly, 1892–1893, by George H. Walcott23, Boston.  American Chess Magazine, 1897–1899, Charles Devidé24, L. D. Broughton Jr.25, New York.

The Chess Monthly - first edition 1857

23 George H. Walcott Jr. (04.05.1870–29.12.1940) founded the American Chess Monthly in 1892. He was a member of the Boston Chess Club. 1911 he played at the New York Masters tournament. 24 Charles Devidé was an American chess player, author and publisher with Austrian roots. He wrote the book A memorial to William Steinitz: containing a selection of his games chronologically arranged with an analysis of play, New York, G. P. Putnam, 1901. 25 Dr. L. D. (Luke Dennis) Broughton Jr. (20.08.1859–05.12.1947). His father Dr. Luke Dennis Broughton (20.04.1828–22.09.1899) was the president of the Astrological Society of America and attracted attention because he predicted his death.

28 In 1859, Carl Friedrich von Jaenisch published his symmetrical magical ‘s- tour under the title "De la solution la plus parfaite du problème du cavalier" in the New York chess magazine The Chess Monthly (Vol. 3, pp. 110-115, 146-151 and 176-179). The text appeared in two languages: French and English. Here I show the first three charts of a total of six:

29 1.4 Chess magazines in Germany

The first German-language chess magazine with the title Deutsche Schachzeitung was written and edited 1846 by Herrmann Hirschbach in Leipzig (therefore also sometimes called Leipziger Schachzeitung). From 1846 to 1848, three volumes were published by Gustav Brauns in Leipzig. Six months after the founding of the Deutsche Schachzeitung, Ludwig Bledow founded the Schachzeitung in Berlin in July 1846. Shortly thereafter, Bledow died on 6 August 1846. The Schachzeitung (often also referred to as the Berliner Schachzeitung) was published in monthly magazines by the Berliner Schachgesellschaft. Only 26 years later the Schachzeitung was renamed in 1872 in Deutsche Schachzeitung. Before 1846 there were some newspapers that sporadically reported on chess. The illustrated newspaper Illustrirte Zeitung, founded in 1843, had a regular chess column.

1.4.1 Deutsche Schachzeitung (Leipzig)

30

Herrmann Hirschbach, engraving from 1884

31 1.4.2 Schachzeitung (Berlin)

The publishing house was Veit & Comp. with place indication "Berlin" and only until 1854 additionally with Williams & Norgate in London. The editors of the Schachzeitung were until 1871: 1846 (July-Aug.) Ludwig Bledow 1846–1851 Wilhelm Hanstein and Otto von Oppen 1851–1852 Adolf Anderssen and N. D. Nathan 1853–1856 Adolf Anderssen and Ernst Kossak 1857–1858 Adolf Anderssen and 1858–1859 Adolf Anderssen and Max Lange 1860 Max Lange and other editors 1861 Max Lange, Berthold Suhle, Philipp Hirschfeld 1862 Max Lange and Philipp Hirschfeld 1863–1864 Max Lange 1865–1866 Eugen von Schmidt and 1867 various editors 1868–1871 Johannes Minckwitz

32 1.4.3 Magdeburger Schachzeitung

Max Lange founded the chess club Sophrosyne in the city of Magdeburg and he edited the chess magazine Magdeburger Schachzeitung only from January to May 1849.

33 1.4.4 Sonntags-Blatt für Schach-Freunde

Max Lange edited this magazine from January to August 1861. It also contained essays, tales, and poems for the relaxing family on Sundays.

34 1.4.5 Neue Berliner Schachzeitung

This chess magazine was edited from 1864 to 1866 by Gustav Richard Neumann and Adolf Anderssen. The magazine was in competition with the Schachzeitung edited by Johannes Minckwitz in Berlin. In 1867 Neumann moved to Paris and the chess player Johannes Hermann Zukertort came to Berlin and worked together with Anderssen. The publication was discontinued in December 1871. In 1872 Zukertort moved to London.

35 1.5 Chess magazines in Austria

The Wiener Schach-Zeitung was edited in from January to September 1855 by Ernst Karl Falkbeer (1819–1885). It was the first chess periodical in Austria. Ernest Falkbeer moved to London, where he edited the chess column for The Sunday Times from April 1857 to November 1859. In 1864 he moved back to Vienna, where he edited the chess column from 1877 to 1885 for Neue Illustrierte Zeitung.

36 1.6 Chess magazines in Switzerland

The Schweizerische Schachzeitung was published for the first time in 1857 (weekly), 1858 (monthly) and 1860 (14 days) by Friedrich Capräz (also Capraez). In 1859, it was not published. In 1860, the magazine was printed in improved quality. It had a concentration on international news and on chess problems. Capräz was an idealist and one of the first chess pioneers in Switzerland. In October 1848 he published the first chess column in the Bündnerische Unterhaltungsblatt.

37 1.7 Chess magazines in the Netherlands

In the middle of the 19th century the chess game in the Netherlands was neither sporty nor scientific. The few chess players played for pleasure or recreation. There was no need for a chess magazine. Some strong chess players, who were also interested in the theory, oriented themselves to France and England. Even in England, The Philidorian, published by George Walker in 1838, was scarcely spread, and Le Palamède, founded by La Bourdonnais in 1836, was known to only a few specialists. The attempt by John Henry Huttmann to establish a chess newspaper called Palamede in London in 1840 failed. Huttmann had opened the Garrick Chess Divan at London's Covent Garden. Every week he had a piece of paper printed with a , which he then issued as a supplement to his sales offerings, such as Havana cigars. Soon the piece of paper grew into a folder of four pages and received the title The Palamede. Nowadays there are no copies in public collections (only in the private Lothar Schmid collection). Despite this economic failure of the chess magazines in France and England, an attempt was also made in the Netherlands. Only the first issue of the chess magazine De Nederlandsche Palamedes26 was published. The cover shows two French chess players who wonder about being in Holland. It is reminiscent of the Napoleonic period and the annexation of Holland in 1810, and the time of General van Zuylen van Nijevelt27, who was a great chess player. He belonged to an old Rotterdam aristocracy. In 1767 he studied mathematics. Before he became General of the Dutch Cavalry in 1795, he published his book La Supériorité aux échecs in 1792, which was translated in several languages. He was the first Dutchman who wrote a chess book. Probably he is also the inventor of the random chess (today's Fischer-Random-Chess or Chess960). Van Zuylen van Nijevelt proposed a where the starting position of the main chess pieces is decided by chance. He did not like any chess openings with a constantly repeating pattern that could be memorized. In his opinion, coincidence provides a variety of different initial situations, which no one could study before. Although the Nederlandsche Palamedes was discontinued 1847 already after the first issue because of lack of interest, Willem Jan Louis Verbeek (1820–1888) started a new attempt with a chess magazine in the same year. The chess magazine Sissa - Maandschrift voor het Schaakspel was published in a total of 27 volumes from 1847 to 1874 (in the last three years with changed subtitle). The 1st to 10th volumes from 1847 to 1856 were published by W. F. Stramrood. The place of publication was for all 27 volumes Wijk bij Duurstede. Responsible for the chess magazine was the Nederlandsche Schaakbond. The first ten years were

26 One copy is in the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek) in The Hague, signature: KW 59 B 4; De nederlandsche Palamedes: tijdschrift voor het schaakspel, 1847, number 1 (more not published), Amsterdam: Westerman en Zoon; size 31 cm. In the Nieuwsblad Voor Den Boekhandel Vol. 12. No. 1 from 2. January 1845 the bookstores were asked to report the number of customers to the publisher who wanted to receive the magazine for six gulden for one year. 27 Philip Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1743–1826)

38 edited until 1856 by Verbeek under the pseudonym Gustavus. As is the case with newly founded magazines, the editorial team oriented themselves to existing material from abroad (England, France, Germany). From 1857 to 1866 the magazine was edited as a new series in 1 – 10 volumes. From 1860 the magazine was published by Johannes G. Andriessen. A third series was edited from 1867 to 1871 in fife volumes. The subtitle changed in Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor het Schaakspel and the magazine was published by M. S. van Tussenbroer.

39

40 1.8 Chess magazines in Italy

The chess magazine La Rivista degli Scacchi was published twice a month in Rome in early 1859. The magazine was edited by the Italian chess masters (1817–1899 in Rome) and Augusto Ferrante. The magazine contains theoretical contributions on the game of chess and instructive games with elegant endgames. Dubois had the problem that there were different chess rules in Italy. Nevertheless Dubois was successful against international chess players. In 1855 and 1856 he played in Paris at the Café de la Régence and defeated the French chess master Jules Arnous de Rivière. In 1862, he finished fifth in the London tournament and was better than Wilhelm Steinitz. Dubois was then increasingly active as a journalist. He wanted to achieve the Italian chess rules as an international standard. As a result of his long-standing insistence on these rules, Italy only got a very late connection with European chess in 1880. From 1856 to 1859, Augusto Ferrante supervised the chess column in the illustrated newspaper L'Album di Roma, published by Tipografia delle belle arti. In 1883 he published a handbook on chess in Milan. From 1890 he was editor of the chess column of the Tribuna Illustrata published in Rome and Milan. Ferrante died in 1891.

41 2 Chess columns in newspapers before 1870

2.1 English-language newspapers 2.1.1 Early newspapers in Great Britain

Already before 1800 there were newspapers, which reported about the chess game. The Gentleman's Magazine, founded in London in 1731, was one of the first published periodicals. It was published for nearly 200 years until 1922. In the short period from 1732 to 1756 more than 18 new magazines were founded in London. In the Gentleman's Magazine, in February 1742, The Origin of the Game of Chess was translated from the French by Mons. Frevet. In July 1787, The Morals of Chess by Dr. Franklin28 were published and in 1832 there was a six-page treatise on carved chess figures of the 12th century.29

The picture shows the head of the title page of the magazine from June 1735 with the centrally placed St John's Gate in London The newspaper publisher Egerton Smith (1774–1841) founded the weekly Liverpool Mercury in 1811. The world's first chess column appeared here on July 9, 1813, which was edited until August 20, 1814, for almost a year, without

28 Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), his face is nowadays known by the 100 US dollar note. 29 The Gentleman's Magazine 1832, vol. 102, part 1, pp 445.

42 interruption by Egerton Smith. At that early time the chess problems were already shown in diagrams. From 13 July 1819 to 23 June 1829, Egerton Smith published another chess column for six years in the Liverpool newspaper Kaleidoscope (with interruption from 17 October 1820 to 6 July 1824). On October 1, 1823, the weekly medical journal The Lancet was first published in London. The third issue from October 19, 1823, contains on pp. 105–107 an article entitled "Origin of the Game of Chess." Since the 9th of November 1823 chess problems appeared under the heading "Chess problems". A disadvantage was that the chess problems were not shown in diagrams. The Lancet is one of the oldest medical journals in the world and was founded by Thomas Wakley (1795–1862. Wakley was a well-known surgeon and law physician. The chess column was edited by Wakley (not George Walker, as is often claimed). The chess problems at The Lancet should provide the medical students with entertainment and relaxation. The less attractive chess column was hardly noticed and was discontinued after five months on 28 March 1824.

2.1.1.1 High-circulation newspapers with chess columns Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (from 1822 to 1886) is the oldest of the major weekly newspapers. From January 4, 1835 to May 1873, George Walker wrote weekly for the chess column. The Illustrated London News was published from 14 May 1842 to December 2003 and had the greatest circulation in the 19th century. Until 1845 some anonymous contributions to chess appeared. From February 22, 1845, Howard Staunton edited the chess column for about 30 years until his death on June 22, 1874.

43

44

45

Header from No. 90, Vol. IV, for the week ending January 20, 1844.

Supplement to the Illustrated London News for the week ending Saturday, April 20, 1844

46

Chess problem Number 47 by Edward from the 1844 edition of the supplement

47

Title page from Vol. 54 from 1869

48 The Era. The London weekly newspaper was published from 1838 to 1939. Despite the high price, it had a similar spread as The Illustrated London News. The chess column was edited from 1854 to 1866 by J. J. Löwenthal. From 1867 to 1873 there was a new series with a new numbering of the chess problems, which were no longer edited by Löwenthal. Sunday Times was a London newspaper and published articles about chess at irregular intervals in the Sporting and Agricultural Supplement. The chess column of this liberal and very popular newspaper has been edited since April 1857 to 6 November 1859 by the Austrian chess player Ernst Falkbeer. The Daily Telegraph was founded on 29 June 1855. In 1867 a chess column was edited by J. J. Löwenthal.

2.1.1.2 Newspapers in not so high edition New Court Gazette, London. Chess column by Howard Staunton for a short time from May 9 to December 5, 1840. Saturday Magazine, London. The newspaper was founded in 1832. A chess column was edited from 2 January 1841 to 28 December 1844 by Charles Tomlinson. In 1845, his book Amusements in Chess was published by J. W. Parker. Galignani's messenger was a newspaper published in Paris since 1814 in English. The Italian Giovanni Antonio Galignani (1757-1821) lived in London, before he settled in Paris around 1800. The newspaper reported 1843 about the chess match Staunton against Saint-Amant. The Pictorial Times, London. With a chess column from February 5, 1845 to January 8, 1848. From January 15 the newspaper was united with The Lady's Newspaper and the chess column was continued until 25 October 1851. The Family Friend, London (1849-1921). The monthly family magazine had a chess column from 1 May 1849 to 27 October 1854, edited from 1850 by Daniel Harrwitz. The Home Circle, London, had a chess column edited by Henry Cook Mott (1818– 1875) from July 7, 1849 to June 1854, with the support of Josef Kling and Bernhard Horwitz. The Illustrated Historic Times; a family journal of education, literature, science, and general intelligence was a newspaper of the English Church published by C. F. Whiting in London. The chess column, edited by Elijah Williams, appeared from November 16th, 1849, to September 26, 1850. The Field, full title: The Field, the Farm, the Garden, the Country Gentleman's Newspaper (also the short form: London Sporting Weekly). The chess column was edited by Elijah Williams from 1 January 1853 to his death in September 1854. From April 24, 1858 to 1870, Samuel Standidge Boden (1826–1882) was the editor. In 1871, Cecil De Vere took over the chess column and from 1873 to 1882 the editor was Wilhelm Steinitz. Cassell's Illustrated Family Paper. The cheap magazine was founded by John Cassell in 1853 and existed until 1867. The chess column of this London weekly magazine was edited from 31 December 1853 by Henry Cook Mott.

49 The Review – the Country Gentleman's Journal (short form: London Journal). The chess column was edited by Captain Crawley for only a few months from 1858 to 1859. Captain Crawley was the pseudonym of George Frederick Pardon (1824– 1884). The Family Herald, was a weekly newspaper founded 1843 by James Elishama Smith (1801–1857 in Glasgow) which was published until 1940. The chess column was edited by J. J. Löwenthal from 1858 to April 1860 together with Charles Tomlinson. The Illustrated News of the World was a London weekly newspaper, which published chess articles by J. J. Löwenthal from October 30, 1858.

2.1.2 Early newspapers in the USA Spirit of the Times. The New Yorker weekly newspaper was founded in 1831 by William T. Porter30 . There was a chess column from 1 March 1845 to 1860 edited by Charles H. Stanley, from 1869 by F. Perrin and from 1873 by James Mason. Porter sold the paper to John Richards and continued to work as an editor for this newspaper. In 1855 he left the newspaper. (Continuation of the chess column see Porter's Spirit of the Times → 1856) The Albion – British, Colonial, and Foreign Weekly Gazette. New York (1822– 1856). With a chess column from 4 November 1848 to 15 March 1856 in the chronological order by Charles H. Stanley, F. Perrin, George Henry Mackenzie, Perrin (again), Mackenzie (again). The Illustrated New York Journal was published by the newspaper publisher P. D. Orvis from August to December 1854 and had a chess column from 26 August to 1 December 1854. P. D. Orvis had asked the chess master Charles Henry Stanley to give a course for chess beginners in the journal. In addition to basic explanations on chess, 8 chess problems were also published for beginners. After the end of the journal in December 1854, the tradition of this journal was continued by Frank Leslie from January 1855 onwards. Frank Leslie's New York Journal. Frank Leslie, formerly named Henry Carter (1821 Ipswich, England – 1880 New York City), was an English engraver and illustrator who came to the United States in 1848. In 1853 Leslie moved to New York. On January 1, 1855, he published the New York Journal under the title Frank Leslie's New York Journal of romance, general literature, science and art / New Series–Vol. I, part 1. Even the first edition contained a chess column. The chess problem No. 1 was by Daniel Harrwitz. After the publication of the 19th chess problem on 1 September 1856 Leslie stopped the publication of the journal, because of his in December 1855 newly founded newspaper Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, into which the chess column was taken over. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper was published weekly from 1855 to 1891. After that the newspaper was published until 1894 with the title Frank Leslie's

30 William Trotter Porter (24.12.1809–19.07.1858) was an American journalist and newspaper publisher.

50 Illustrated Weekly. Then until 1901 as Leslie's Illustrated Weekly. After that the title changed until 1921 in Leslie's Illustrated Weekly Newspaper. The chess columns were edited since 15th of December 1855 by W. J. A. Fuller31, W. W. Montgomery32, Napoleon Marache and Thomas Frère33. In 1859, the newspaper published that William O. Fiske34 had composed his musical "Caissa, a Fantaisie". Fiske dedicated it to the famous chess problem composer Samuel Loyd. On 23 November 1861, the chess column had to be discontinued, because more space was needed for the reporting on the Civil War from 1861 to 1865. New York Clipper (later titled The Clipper) has been published since 1853 weekly by Frank . The newspaper was published until 1924. The subjects were circus, theater, music, dance, nature and sports. There were numerous contributions to baseball, billiards, bowling and chess. From 30 June 1855 to 16 August 1856, the chess column was edited by Napoleon Marache and then continued until 1873 by M. J. Hazeltine35. Porter's Spirit of the Times was founded in 1856 by George Wilkes as a sports newspaper. He employed William T. Porter as editor. The chess column was edited by W. W. Fosdick36 (from September 6 to November 8, 1856), and by C.H. Stanley (from November 15, 1856 to February 28, 1857). Saturday Evening Gazette was published weekly from 1851 to 1906 in Boston, Mass. The chess column was edited from 1 May 1858 to 15 September 1860 by W. H. Kent and J. Chapman and from 6th October 1860 by H. N. Stone (members of the Boston Chess Club). American Union was a weekly newspaper published in Boston with some contributions by the chess editor J. A. Potter from 8 May 1858 to 1 January 1859. Wilkes's Spirit of the Times was published in parallel to Spirit of the Times and Porter's Spirit of the Times, and was after 1861 renamed Spirit of the Times. The chess column was edited from 10 September 1859 to 21 December 1861 by Napoleon Marache. New York Ledger was an illustrated weekly newspaper. The chess column was edited from 6 August 1859 to 4 August 1860 by Paul Morphy and W. J. A. Fuller.

31 William James Appleton Fuller (1822 Boston – 1889) was an American chess master. 32 Judge William Watts Montgomery (1827–1897) was an American chess player. 33 Thomas Frère (1820–1900) was an American chess player and was one of the organizers of the 1st American Chess Congress in 1857. 34 William Orville Fiske (1835–1909) was a musician and music composer and the younger brother of Daniel Willard Fiske, who, together with Paul Morthy, published the chess magazine The Chess Monthly from 1857 to 1861. 35 Miron James Hazeltine (13.11.1824–24.02.1907 in New Hampshire) was an American chess player and chess author. 36 Fosdick, William Whiteman (28.01.1825–08.03.1862) was an American jurist, poet, writer and songwriter.

51 2.2 French-language newspapers

Around 1860, there were several hundred newspapers and magazines published periodically (mostly weekly), which reported more or less regularly about chess. Correspondents from all over the world provided the newspapers with news, which were often published unaudited. The latest news had to be published as soon as possible before the competition could print and spread it.

L'Illustration. Journal universel was the first illustrated weekly newspaper in French and was published from March 4, 1843 to 1944 in Paris. The newspaper was founded by Adolphe Joanne, Édouard Charton, Jacques-Julien Dubochet and A. Paulin. It was managed by Jean-Baptiste-Alexandre Paulin. Already in the first year of 1843, the newspaper contained a chess column with chess problems. At irregular intervals some editorial contributions by French chess masters such as Alphonse Delannoy37 and Arnous de Rivière appeared. The newspaper is similar to The Illustrated London News and the German Illustrirte Zeitung from Leipzig. Journal du Plaisir, Paris. The chess column existed only briefly from 30 August to 15 November 1857 and was edited by Daniel Harrwitz. Le Sport, Paris. The chess column was edited from 1858 by Saint-Amant and from 1864 by Jean Preti.

37 Alphonse Delannoy (1806–1883) was a chess player and editor of French Chess magazines (1842 Le Palamède). He lost to Paul Morphy in Paris in 1859.

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Le Monde Illustré, Journal hebdomadaire was founded in 1857. The illustrated newspaper was published weekly until 1940 and then from 1945 to 1956. From 1863 the newspaper had a chess column, which was edited by Paul Journoud. Le Nord was a newspaper with a chess column in 1863 edited by Ignaz von Kolisch. Nain Jaune, Paris. In 1866 James Mortimer edited a chess column in this newspaper. James Mortimer (22.04.1833–24.02.1911) was an American chess player and journalist. From 1855 to 1860 he lived as a US diplomat in Paris. In 1870, he moved to London together with Napoleon III., where he founded the newspaper The London Figaro (the official newspaper from the exile of Napoleon III). The chess column was edited from 1872 to 1876 by J. Löwenthal and from 1876 to 1882 by Wilhelm Steinitz. The newspapers Le Figaro (period from 1826 to the present) and Le Journal des débats (1789–1944) rarely contained reports on chess.

53 Le Monde Illustré No. 79, 16 October 1858, p. 256, signed by F. G.

Le café de la Régence, cette académie de l'échiquier, offre aujourd'hui un véritable congrès de cette corporation savante qui vénère pour patron, – patron un peu païen, – l'illustre fils de Nauplius (le Palamède). Tout le sport des deux mondes y est représenté chaque soir par ses plus forts joueurs d'échecs. Notre gravure reproduit un des incidents les plus frappants de cette session. Ce sont les huit parties que M. Morphy a jouées simultanément, et à l'aveugle, contre huit des plus forts échiquistes de Paris: MM. Baucher, Bierwirth, Bornemann, Guibert, Lequesne, Potier, Preti et Seguin. M. Morphy, assis dans un fauteuil qu'il n'a pas quitté pendant tout le temps de la lutte, le visage tourné vers le mur et sans autre aide que sa mémoire, a engage le conflit avec une lucidité que n'a pas voilé le moindre nuage. A sept heures, il prenait vigoureusement l'offensive; à huit heures, un des joueurs les plus savants, M. le professeur Preti, bien connu par son habileté pratique et par ses ouvrages spéciaux, était mis hors de combat; MM. Potier, Bornemann et Baucher succombaient ensuite; à neuf heures et demie, M. Lequesne, notre célèbre statuaire, faisait accepter l'annulation de sa partie, exemple que suivait M. Guibert, après avoir vu M. Bierwirth renoncer à la sienne; à dix heures, enfin, M. Seguin, n'ayant plus qu'un pion et son roi, abandonnait le champ de bataille où M. Morphy venait de reconquérir sa dame. Des applaudissements enthousiastes saluaient ce triomphe qui, outre le mérite de ces six victoires, offrait un phénomène de puissance mnémonique sans exemple. Cet épisode n'a pas cependant été le fait le plus important de ce congrès: le fait capital a été, sans nul doute, ce match en sept parties, engagé entre le célèbre joueur américain et M. Harrwitz de Berlin, dont la réputation est universelle. Voici en quels termes un écrivain, qui est une autorité spéciale, apprécie les deux joueurs: « Tous deux sont jeunes et petits, le Prussien a vingt-sept ans; il est brun, porte une fine moustache noire, et le galbe de sa tête rappelle Armand Carrel; il est légèrement voûté. Son adversaire, M. Morphy, l'Américain, a vingt-deux ans, il est sans barbe, son teint est blanc mat; sa jeunesse, sa tournure, lui donnent assez l'air d'un collégien. Tous deux sont calmes et impassibles devant l'échiquier; ils n'ont rien du Yankee et du Gascon berlinois ... » « Si M. Morphy est doué de la faculté de porter des attaques terribles et en même temps de se ménager des retraites faciles et assurées, M. Harrwitz est plein de ressources et de finesses charmantes dans la défense. On compare l'un des champions au bouillant Condé, l'autre à Turenne ou à Vauban ... » L'un des joueurs lui-même, M. Harrwitz, qui veut bien nous donner sa collaboration, exposera, dans nous prochain numéro, la première partie de ce match, acquit sa santé l'a force de renoncer, et dont M. Morphy un gré son avantage, a prononcé courtoisement l'annulation.

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Blindfold simultaneous games by Paul Morphy in 1858 at the Café de la Régence in Paris.

Detail from the wood engraving from the newspaper Le Monde Illustré No. 79 from 16 October 1858 p. 256

55 2.3 Swedish-language newspapers

Title page of the Swedish Ny Illustrerad Tidning (New Illustrated Newspaper)

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Header of the newspaper, Stockholm, January 2, 1869.

Johan Gustaf Schultz (*23 Febr. 1839; † 28 Nov. 1869) was a Swedish writer, publicist, chess player and chess composer. In Sweden, he is considered a pioneer of problem chess. Schultz worked as an editor for the illustrated Stockholm newspaper När och Fjerran (near and far) and edited since July 1859, the chess column. In 1862 his book appeared 100 uppgifter för schackvänner (100 tasks for chess friends). His 83-page manuscript Problèmes d'echecs in French is hold in the White Collection of the Public Library. Schultz died at the age of 30 years of a lung disease.

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Chess problem composed by Olof Wilhelm Robert Sahlberg (1837-1922) in memory of Johan Gustaf Schultz (1839–1869) who was the editor of the chess column of the Ny Illustrerad Tidning. The portrait to the right was made by Edward Skill (1831-1873). He was British xylographer, who worked in Sweden as the chief of the newspaper's xylographic studio. He was famous for his portraits in fine wood engravings.

58 2.4 German-language newspapers

Rudolf Zacharias Becker (*1752 in Erfurt; †1822 in Gotha) published in the German city of Gotha the newspaper kaiserlich privilegierter Reichs-Anzeiger. In number 244 from 1803 is a four-sided article on chess. The author, who is not mentioned, answers reader questions and gives advices to the Courier Game and the four-player chess. In 1828, the first chess column appeared in a German-language newspaper. Die Berliner Staffette, ein litterarisches Oppositionsblatt was published from April 1828 to December 1829 with a total of 458 numbers in the publishing house of Friedrich Laue. The publisher had emphasized in an advertisement38 that the Berliner Staffette should by no means confused with the Berliner Estaffette. In the first year the newspaper was edited by Julius Curtius39 and Karl Simrock40. In 1829, the newspaper was entitled Allgemeines Oppositionsblatt, eine Zeitschrift für Litteratur und Kunst and edited by Ludwig Rellstab41 and K. Isaak Coppenhagen42. In 1829, the newspaper Allgemeiner Anzeiger der Deutschen published a comprehensive essay on the expansion of the chess game. The responsible editor of the newspaper was Johann Friedrich Hennicke (1764–1848). The six-page editorial with the title ""Erweiterung des Schachspiels" (Expansion of the chess game) was published anonymously under the abbreviation (K.F. St ---).

38 Advertisement in: Caecilia, eine Zeitschrift für die musikalische Welt, vol. 9, Mainz, B. Schott's Söhne, 1828. 39 Julius Curtius (23.06.1802–10.03.1849) Prof. in Berlin, writer, journalist. 40 Karl Simrock (28.08.1802–18.07.1876) Poet and philologist. 41 Ludwig Rellstab (13.04.1799–27.11.1860) Music critic and poet. 42 K. Isaak Coppenhagen (actually Isaac Coppenhagen, 1803 Bonn – 1829?) was from 1819 to 1820 A study friend of Heinrich Heine and Karl Simrock at the University of Bonn. The musical critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab belonged to the circle of friends.

59 In 1833 chess problems were published in the Austrian newspaper Feierstunden by J. S. Ebersberg43 (published in the enclosed exercise books). During the first years there were only a few chess problems. One of them was by Julius Mendheim44. The successful solvers of the chess problems were named by the editor J. S. Ebersberg. From 1837 to 1838 some more chess problems were published, among others by Carl Grober and J. Rosmann in Feilhofen. The title of the newspaper changed to Der österreichische Zuschauer. The publication of the newspaper was discontinued in 1857.

43 Josef Sigmund Ebersberg (* 22.03.1799 in Steinabrunn, Lower Austria, † 27.10.1854 in Hernals near Vienna) was an Austrian writer and journalist. 44 Julius Mendheim (1780/1781–1836) was a German chess master and problemist.

60 In 1834, the Pfennig-Magazin contains in number 69 and 70 an article in two parts, entitled "Das Schachspiel, Allgemeine Betrachtung über den Nutzen desselben – Erfindung, Rösselsprünge, Schachmaschine". The Pfennig-Magazin was published weekly from May 1833 to 1855. The author of the chess article was not mentioned. The publisher and chief editor of the newspaper was Johann Jakob Weber45.

In 1843, Johann Jakob Weber, together with Carl Berendt Lorck46, founded the Illustrirte Zeitung, modeled on The Illustrated London News. The newspaper was published for more than a hundred years until September 1944. The first issue of the Illustrirte Zeitung was published on July 1, 1843. On the 12th of August the first chess problem was published. The chess column was edited by Karl Julius Simon Portius47 in Leipzig. After his death in 1862 Max Lange took over the leadership of the chess column only temporarily, before the Leipzig chess player Richard Mangelsdorf (1823–1894) took over this for 20 years. In 1881 he handed the chess column for another ten years to Johannes Minckwitz (1843-1905). The French newspaper L'Illustration was founded four months earlier on 4 March 1843 and had its own chess column already in the first edition. The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated newspaper in the world, which was published weekly from 14th May 1842 onwards.

45 Johann Jakob Weber (1803–1880) was a bookseller and founder of the publishing house J. J. Weber in Leipzig. In 1843 Weber founded the illustrated newspaper Illustrirte Zeitung. He is the pioneer of the illustrated press in Germany. 46 Carl Berendt Lorck (1814 in Copenhagen – 1905 in Leipzig) was a Danish-German book dealer, typographer and publisher. 47 Karl Julius Simon Portius(1797–1862) was a teacher in Leipzig.1827 he published his Fünfundneunzig Sätze gegen das Schachspiel and 1846 the Schach-Almanach. 1854 followed his chess book Katechismus der Schachspielkunst.

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Detail of the title page from 1857 with chess playing children in the foreground.

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Simon Portius (1797-1862) engraving from the Illustrirte Zeitung, 19 April 1862

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Vinzenz Grimm48, from the Illustrirte Zeitung 14 Sept. 1850 p. 168–169

48 Vincent (Vincenz, Vince) Grimm (1800, Vienna – 15 January 1872, Budapest) was a Hungarian chess master

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65 Illustrirte Zeitung from August 6, 1853. An evening at the chess club Augustea in Leipzig, left at the table: Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa (1818–1899) in the background is probably the vice president of the club Julius Beygang right: Conrad Woldemar Graf Vitzthum von Eckstädt (1802–1875) right at the corner: Karl Julius Simon Portius (1797–1862)

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67 In 1847, the number 49 of the weekly newspaper Wochenbände für das geistige und materielle Wohl des deutschen Volkes was published. It contains an article about recreational games with the title Erholungsspiele im Hause. Among other games, Dr. Franz Kottenkamp49 describes the chess game.

1853–1937 was the time of the illustrated family magazine Die Gartenlaube, founded by Ernst Keil50 and Ferdinand Stolle51 in Leipzig. Until 1862 Stolle was the publisher. In 1859 a regular chess column was set up in the magazine and edited by Jean Dufresne.

49 Franz Justus Kottenkamp (1806–1858) was a writer, philologist, translator and historian. 50 Ernst Keil (1816–1872) was a Leipzig bookseller, publisher and a champion of freedom of the press. 51 Ludwig Ferdinand Stolle (1806–1872) was a Dresden writer and journalist.

68 1853–1937 erschien das illustrierte Familienblatt Die Gartenlaube. Die Zeitschrift wurde 1853 von Ernst Keil52 und Ferdinand Stolle53 in Leipzig gegründet. Bis 1862 war Stolle der Herausgeber. Ernst Keil waren die bürgerlichen Ehrenrechte aufgrund eines Pressevergehens entzogen und er durfte als Herausgeber nicht fungieren. 1859 wurde in der Zeitschrift eine regelmäßige Schachspalte eingerichtet und von Jean Dufresne redigiert. Dufresne schreibt im Heft 6 auf Seite 88: "Bei der Übernahme der Redaktion eines von nun ab dem Schach gewidmeten Teiles dieser Zeitschrift verspreche ich den zahlreichen Freunden des edlen Spieles, dauernd eine Auswahl guter Partien und Aufgaben zu Gebote zu stellen und sie von allen wissenswerten Novitäten der Schachwelt in Kenntnis zu setzen. Ich hoffe, auf die Unterstützung derjenigen deutschen Schachfreunde rechnen zu dürfen, mit denen ich als Redakteur der Berliner Schachzeitung in enger Verbindung gestanden, und bemerke, dass ich alle an mich unter der Adresse der Verlagshandlung zu richtenden Korrespondenzen in Schachangelegenheiten teils in der Gartenlaube, teils brieflich beantworten werde. Berlin, im Januar 1859. Jean Dufresne." Nach dieser Einleitung folgt sogleich die Aufgabe Nr. 1 von Adolf Anderssen (Weiß setzt mit dem dritten Zuge matt). Danach folgt die Partie Nr. 1, hier der Schachwettkampf in Paris zwischen den Herren Anderssen und Morphy in der üblichen Darstellung und mit Bemerkungen in einigen Fußnoten. Nach der Darstellung der Partie schreibt Dufresne noch die folgende Bemerkung:

52 Ernst Keil (1816–1872) war Leipziger Buchhändler, Verleger und Kämpfer für die Pressefreiheit. 53 Ludwig Ferdinand Stolle (1806–1872) war Dresdner Schriftsteller und Journalist.

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Engraving from Die Gartenlaube, Illustrirtes Familienblatt from 1894

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Gold embossed cover by the publisher

1853–1902 the illustrated periodical Die Illustrirte Welt – Blätter aus Natur und Leben, Wissenschaft und Kunst zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung für die Familie was published by Eduard Hallberger in Stuttgart. 24 chess problems were edited from 1859 to 1861 by Jean Dufresne. With the 10th Vol. from 1862 the counting of the chess problems started again with the number one.

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Die Illustrirte Welt - chess problem no. 1 from 1862

1854–1869 the Illustrirtes Familien-Journal - eine Wochenschrift zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung was published by A. H. Payne in Leipzig. From the number 173 in the year 1857 onwards, there were regularly chess problems, which Herrmann Pollmächer edited in Leipzig. After his death on December 24, 1861, Dr. Eugene von Schmidt took over the editing of the chess column.

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In addition, an annual family calendar was published with the title Payne's illustrirter Familien-Kalender with many chess problems of that time. It is rarely found in public collections. Therefore I published the book: Elke Rehder: Schachaufgaben im Original. Band I: Payne's Illustrirter Familien- Kalender 1858–1865. Format: 30.5 x 21.5 cm. Hardcover. 111 pages with numerous illustrations of the original chess problems. Barsbüttel, Elke Rehder Presse, 2016.

73 In 1855, the catholic illustrated Newspaper Katholische illustrirte Zeitung was published in Leipzig from 1 January to 22 December (more not published). There were some articles on chess under the editorship of the Leipzig chess player Richard Schurig (1825–1896).

In 1859, there was a chess column in the illustrated newspaper Über Land und Meer - Allgemeine Illustrirte Zeitung published by Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer in the publishing house Hallberger in Stuttgart. The first volume from November 1858 to June 1859 had in number 9 from 2 February a chess column, edited by Jean Dufresne. The first chess problem was by Mauvillon54. The second composition in issue no. 10 of 9 February was a selfmate55 chess problem by Jean Dufresne.

54 Friedrich Wilhelm von Mauvillon (30.04.1774–29.07.1851) was a Prussian colonel. He is the author of the chess book Anweisung zur Erlernung des Schach-Spiels, Essen, G. D. Bädeker, 1827. 55 In former times selfmates were known as sui-mates.

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76 1869 the illustrated women's fashion magazine Der Bazar, Illustrirte Damen- Zeitung startet a regularly chess column. The magazine appeared weekly (monthly in four numbers). Publisher was the Bazar-A.G. in Berlin. The magazine was published from 1855 to 1936.

Der Bazar. Illustrirte Damen-Zeitung. No. 3 from January 17, 1881

Header of the additional supplement to the magazine, which appeared almost one week earlier than the magazine.

Since 1855 with the subtitle Technische Muster-Zeitung für Frauen and from issue no. 6 with the subtitle Muster-Zeitung für Frauen. Since no. 1 from 1856 with the subtitle Berliner illustrirte Damen-Zeitung. Since 1859 no. 1 with the subtitle Illustrite Damen-Zeitung. In 1864 there was a total German edition of 120,000 copies.

77 1857 the illustrated newspaper Der Bazar, Illustrirte Damen-Zeitung in Berlin started with mostly knights' tours. From 1864 to 1866 there were occasionally some chess problems published. In 1869 became responsible for a regular chess column. After he moved to London in 1872, the chess player Jean Dufresne was the editor of this column. More information you can find in my book:

Elke Rehder: Der Bazar 1869 – 1881 Vol.2 from the series "Schachaufgaben im Original". Barsbüttel, Elke Rehder Presse, 2017. 168 p. with many illustrations. Hardcover, size Format: 30,5 x 21,5 cm. Please visit my German Homepage: https://www.elke-rehder.de/Antiquariat/Schachbuecher-Schachspiel.htm

Elke Rehder: Der Bazar 1869-1881, "Schachaufgaben im Original Vol. 2".

Here you can read an extract from this book: Bazar reading

This text will be updated and expanded on occasion.

Contact: Elke Rehder Blumenstr. 19 22885 Barsbüttel [email protected] https://www.elke-rehder.de

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