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The Peach Blossom Fan The Peach Blossom Fan Translated and Abridged b y TX. Yang («£#) Original pla y by Kong Shangren (tFLfaH D published in 1699 . Rewritten a s a novel by Gu Sifan (^$f#S) i n 1948. 'What i s so unique about the peach blossom fan? It i s not unique, but i s made unique because of the peach blossoms on the fa n The peach blossoms are the beauty's bloodstains. The bloodstains represent her determination to wait for her lover. Even at the risk of a cruel death, she is not prepare d to be humiliated, nor yield to the powerful an d the treacherous/ (Kong Shangren, 1648-1718 ) # m * * tt j I K ap t HONG KON G UNIVERSIT Y PRES S Hong Kong University Pres s 14/FHingWai Centr e 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen, Hong Kong 1 Hong Kong University Pres s 199 8 ISBN 962 209 477 5 All rights reserved. No portion o f this publication ma y be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any recording, or any information storag e or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher . Printed in Hong Kong by ColorPrint Production Co. /J K Contents Preface vii Principal Characters x i A Dynastic Table xvii Introduction J 1 I n Cai Yisuo's Bookshop 3 2 Pockmarke d Liu's Storytelling 11 3 Th e Perfume d Lad y and Hou Fangyu 23 4 A Disturbance at the Imperial Academy 3 1 5 Huan g Taichong's Debate with Qian Muzhai 43 6 Ho u Fangyu Took a Temporary Concubine 5 1 7 Th e Scholar's Party at the Peach Leaves River Houses 63 8 A Banque t in the Stone Nest Garden 71 9 Th e Enthronement o f a New Emperor 8 1 10 A Number o f Self-Seeking Gentlemen 8 9 11 N o True Friends among Rogues 9 7 12 Presiden t Shi, Board of War 1 05 The Peach Blossom Fan 13 Taking a Concubine by Force 117 14 Driving President Shi out of Nanjing 127 15 The Hesitant President o f the Board o f Rites 141 16 Prime Minister Ma in Deep Trouble 155 17 The Indictment agains t Ma Shiying 165 18 Ruan Dacheng's Evil Schemes 175 19 Licentiate Wu as a Fugitive 185 20 The Bloodstained Fan 195 21 Perfumed Lad y in Solitude 207 22 Looking for Master Hou 219 23 Old Man Su's Contact with Master Hou 225 24 The Plight of the Crown Prince 235 25 Nanjing i n Danger 245 26 Appeasement toward s the Manchu s 251 27 The Panic in Nanjing 261 28 The Yangzhou Massacre 273 29 The Exodu s from Nanjin g 285 30 The Great Betraya l 297 31 Perfumed Lady' s Escape 305 32 The Meeting of Old Friends 315 33 The Final Partin g 325 Postscript by Gu Sifa n 333 Jr \ Preface This story concerns a young scholar and a courtesan who loved and lived in the last days of the Ming Dynasty when their world fell apart. The final collapse of the Ming i s a kaleidoscope throug h which on e perceive s honour an d corruption , patriotism an d disloyalty , friendship s an d betrayal , publi c spiritednes s an d unrestrained rapacity , cruelty an d als o kindness. It i s at once a romance an d a history movingly told. Above all , it argues convincingly that the noble ideal s of man must surely survive, even as his life on earth i s shattered. In 1948 Mr Gu Sifan (gtff j|5, alias Nanfang Fan |^^|g) publishe d his novel The New Peach Blossom Fan (0f$fe?bJif ) > based on the play by Kong Shangren . His novel has been published i n Taiwan under the title of The Peach Blossom Fan Gu was born on 4 March 191 6 in Zhejiang Province. In 194 9 he worked a s a journalist in Shanghai. In 195 1 he was a war correspondent i n Korea. He i s now the Vice-Chairman o f the China Writers' Association, Zhejiang Branch, and lives in Hangzhou City. He i s the author o f many books and articles. The pla y was written b y a scholar-official, Kon g Shangren (JLjnHi ) ° f th e early Qing Dynasty, in the form of verses. Kong was born in 1648, in the fifth yea r of the Reig n o f the firs t Manch u Emperor , Shunzh i (jl|jf^) . H e wa s a 64t h generation direct descendant o f Confucius . In 1684 Emperor Kangxi (JjftJSi ) travelle d to the rice-growing region, south of the Yangzi River. In the winter o f that year, he was on his return to the capital via Shandong Province. When he arrived at Confucius' birthplace in the province, he went to pay his respects at the sage' s temple. Kong was chosen to deliver a vu The Peach Blossom Fan lecture on the classics before the throne. So impressed was the Emperor that Kong was appointed a Doctor o f the Imperial Academy o f Learning. Four years later he accompanied the Vice-President o f the Board of Works to oversee the dredging of the Yellow River. It was not until the winter o f 168 9 that he wa s able to return t o Beijing. Upon his return he continued t o work in th e Imperial Academy. In 1694, he joined the Board of Population and Revenue as Assistant Secretary. In 1699 , he was promoted to Secretary in the same Board, in charge o f affairs i n the Guangdong Province. In the summe r o f the sam e year , he published th e pla y Taohua Shan (Th e Peach Blossom Fan), which he had been working on for over ten years, after thre e revisions. One evening in the autumn of that year Emperor Kangxi sent a member of the imperial household to ask Kong for a copy of the play. In some haste Kong found a copy at Zhang Pingzhou' s (3|PP"ffi ) hom e an d had i t delivered i n th e middle o f the night. Unfortunately, th e play incurred the displeasur e o f the Emperor because i t spoke approvingly o f officials loya l to the Ming Dynasty and sarcastically o f the traitorous generals who surrendered to the Manchus. In the spring of the followin g year Kong was dismissed from office . Kong remained i n the capital fo r two more years after hi s dismissal. In th e winter o f 1702 he returned to live in his native village in Shandong Province. He died in the spring of 1718, aged 70. The Peach Blossom Fan is a historical play, based on facts which occurred i n the last year of the Ming Dynasty (1644-1645) . In an introductory remark, Kong wrote: As to the achievements and failures o f the government, and the assembly and dispersal of the literati, nothing is fictitious and all have been verified As to the love affairs o f men and women, and the casual conversations between guests , I might have indulged i n some elaboration, but even these are not entirely fabricated . According t o history the hero o f the story , Hou Fangy u ({^c^fM) , an d th e heroine Li the Perfumed Lad y (^;ff ||) wer e real persons who lived in Nanjing. Hou wa s born i n the las t years of the Ming Dynasty, and he refuse d an y officia l appointment under the new Manchu Dynasty. At first he abandoned himself to the music halls and brothels, but later repented and devoted himself to poetry and the classics. In the eighth year of Emperor Shunzhi's Reign (1651 ) he passed the prefectural examinatio n with the degree o f Assistant Licentiate. He died thre e years later. The peach blossom fan, too, truly existed. When the fan was stained with the Perfumed Lady' s blood, a friend Yan g Longyou (flffl^) transfigure d th e stain s and added branches and leaves to turn them into a picture o f peach blossoms. <VUl Preface In 1644 , a rebellion under the leadership of a peasant, Li Zicheng (^ g J5^), was started i n Shanxi Province , and he-soon seize d the then national capital , Beijing. Emperor Chongzhen (|f^j| ) hange d himself a t Coal Hill. General W u Sangui (^.^^) invite d the Manchu force s t o enter China. The whole o f the country north of the Yellow River was thus plunged into a state of extreme chaos. The capita l o f Min g wa s the n move d t o Nanjing , calle d th e Subordinat e Capital (gfP) . In the fifth month of that year the Governor-General of Fengyang, Ma Shiying (&PJ§iti1I^§§i;^)> togethe r with other military officials , put Prince Fu (flti ) on the throne an d established the Southern Min g Dynasty. This was Emperor Hongguang (^AT^) - Soon afterwards, the Manchu armies crossed the Yellow River and continued on to the south. All the garrisons in the area surrendered, and the city of Yangzhou was lost, followed b y the southern capital Nanjing. As the story of The Peach Blossom Fan unfolds, w e see the loya l members of the Revival Club (g?±)> Chen Dingshen g (H^£), W u Ciwei (^XM) an d others, engage d i n a struggle wit h th e remnant s o f the Gran d Eunuc h We i Zongxian's (^Clrilfe^W) party , in particular the arch villain Ruan Dacheng (|5 n ;Jci$).
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