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WMHSMUN XXXIV Creating the DC Government 1800 Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letter From the Director Dear Delegates, Welcome to the thirty fourth iteration of WMHSMUN! While WMHSMUN has been around for a long time, this is the first time it will occur and while it will be different, I am still incredibly excited to see what ideas you all come up with. My name is Riley Busbee and I will be your director for Creating the D.C. Government 1800. I am a senior at William & Mary double-majoring in history and government. I’m originally from Roswell, Georgia but a fourth-generation student at William & Mary so it has always felt like home to me. I have been a part of the International Relations Club at William & Mary my entire college career and loved every minute of it. I was formerly the Under-Secretary General of Specialized Agencies at WMHSMUN XXXII, Director General of &MUN VIII (our collegiate Model UN conference) and am now the Secretary General for &MUN IX. I have also had the opportunity to travel to Panama, Spain, Canada, and various states competing on the college Model UN circuit as a delegate from William & Mary. Outside of Model UN, on campus I also work as a Management Research Assistant at the Global Research Institute, William & Mary’s think tank on international relations, and a Head Resident with Residence Life at William & Mary. Finally, I spend the rest of my time interning for the US Department of State and the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources doing similar tasks to those done in Model UN but for the US government! When I am not working, I enjoy hammocking next to the Sunken Garden or walking around Colonial Williamsburg. While I know many of you have lived in or around the DC area for most of your life, I lived there for the first time Fall 2019 when I interned for the State Department. My time there sparked my interest in not only all the District has to offer but how it came to be. I hope that this committee will spark the same interest in you and give you a new perspective on D.C. Since this is a Specialized Agency, it will run like a General Assembly with your work leading to a resolution but there will be crisis elements throughout the conference. These elements will be used to push Background Guide – Creating the D.C. Government you all in various directions and to discuss certain topics. You will be expected to respond to the crisis elements within your resolutions. As this is a historical committee, these issues were dealt with and resolved during their time, but it is my expectation that you all will use your creativity and unique positions to move beyond the following the same path as was originally done. Along with this, not all of these positions were in their most famous roles during this time period or interacted with one another, therefore some historical accuracy will be suspended so that all positions may have an equal role in the debate. Since there will be no crisis notes, position powers are unimportant, so it does not matter that we have multiple presidents in the room, what does matter is the beliefs of each and how the delegate portrays them. This is a great opportunity to change history to bend towards what your position truly wanted. Riley Busbee [email protected] 2 Background Guide – Creating the D.C. Government Introduction In 1790, the Residence Act was passed that selected a site on the Potomac to become the permanent capital of the United States of America in ten years’ time. After it was decided that this site, which became known as Washington City, George Washington appointed Pierre Charles L’Enfant to plan the layout of the soon to be federal city. The move from Philadelphia to Washington was a big change for the US government and was not seamless. The initial creation of DC came from a compromise between Jefferson and Hamilton leading to the district being built off of disagreements between the north and the south. It is the duty of you the delegates to adapt to this new location and all it holds for the US as a whole. This is a tumultuous time for the US and the capital is sure to feel it, this committee must create a strong foundation to lead the rest of the country or risk the American experiment failing. This committee will take place in Washington, DC during the early 1800s. George Washington wanted this District and the nation to survive beyond him but at this point, it is uncertain if that will happen. Delegates have been brought together in this meeting to discuss the two biggest issues plaguing the district and the country- the Alexandria issue and the War of 1812. If these issues are not dealt with swiftly and correctly, Washington D.C. and the nation are doomed. Some of the brightest minds in the D.C. area have been brought together to brainstorm how to save the nation and the capital. Delegates, will you let D.C. burn down in flames or rise above and become a symbol for the nation and the world? Topic 1: The Alexandria Issue In 1801 the Organic Act (officially known as An Act Concerning the District of Columbia) was enacted by Congress to formally place the District of Columbia under the control of Congress.1 Congress then split the District into two counties, Alexandria in the west and south and Washington in the north and east. Once this occurred, residents in these areas were no longer considered citizens of Virginia or Maryland but now citizens of the District of Columbia.2 This disenfranchised many residents who previously lived in Virginia or Maryland and had congressional representation. After this law passed creating DC, they lost their Congressional representation and ability to vote for president despite the fact that Congress ruled all of DC. Almost immediately after the passing of the Organic Act, there were proposals to return the territory to the states. Retrocession was constantly proposed by Congress throughout this time because the members found this disenfranchisement of District residents unacceptable. 3 Background Guide – Creating the D.C. Government “Cession and Retrocession of the District of Columbia.” Virginia Places, www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/retrocession.html. A few questions were brought up with members of Congress when they debated what to do with the District. To return the land from the district to Maryland and Virginia would they need consent of the residents and legislatures of each state? Who has the authority to even return the territory to the states? Should the capital be moved elsewhere? When looking for a solution to the Alexandria issue, delegates must consider the questions brought forth by Congress before proceeding. In 1803, leaders of Alexandria specifically requested retrocession of the county based on the fact that “our characters differ altogether from those of the citizens of Washington and George-Town, that we are "men of industrious habits," in possession of commerce, arts and mechanism, consequently incapable of cooperating with the vagabonds and speculators in the City.”3 Alexandria greatly struggled with the cession of land as Congress did not create a territorial legislature similar to that of the Virginia Legislature to govern those who did not live in town limits. This essentially left all of Alexandria county disenfranchised since the lack of this legislature meant the president chose the district mayor and justices of the peace for Alexandria.4 Along with this, the District and Alexandria held different beliefs on how prominent the slave trade should be, especially in the capital city. This was one of many issues the residents of Alexandria county felt Congress ignored and that made the residents desire retrocession even more. This topic will start the committee in 1808 but depending on the desires of the delegates, it can move to later years throughout the committee session. Delegates have been brought this timely issue because Congress has proven unable to deal with it. These bright minds with ranging beliefs on this issue 4 Background Guide – Creating the D.C. Government must come together and decide the future of Alexandria county. Keeping Alexandria under the control of Congress will lead to resentment, but retrocessioning Alexandria County to Virginia will reduce the power of Congress and make America look weak to the rest of the world. Topic 2: War of 1812 Despite the best efforts of those in the city, Great Britain managed to come back at America with fury and burn down most of Washington City. While this is not ideal for such a young nation, it is not a death sentence for the hopes many held for the US. It is essential for this committee to strategize how to make the District of Columbia better than before and prove that America will not wilt to Great Britain’s threats. Delegates have the duty to come together and figure out how to rebuild DC and continue to govern from a wrecked capital. This topic will place the committee in 1815, right after the end of the War of 1812 and after the British burned down DC. Delegates will have to decide if they want to rebuild DC and keep going, move on to a new city, or give up and let DC stay in ruin. The War of 1812 took place on many fronts, but the most devastating one for the U.S. was when the British brought the war to the District of Columbia.