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Orca.Cf.Ac.Uk/57102
This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57102/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Seric Jelaska, Lucija, Jurasovic, Jasna, Brown, David S., Vaughan, Ian P. and Symondson, William O. C. 2014. Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil-dwelling invertebrates to identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems. Molecular Ecology 23 (15) , pp. 3755-3766. 10.1111/mec.12566 file Publishers page: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12566 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12566> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. 1 Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil-dwelling invertebrates to 2 identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems 3 4 1,3Lucija Šerić Jelaska, 2Jasna Jurasović, 3David S. Brown, 3Ian P. Vaughan, 3William O. C. 5 Symondson 6 1Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
51 1 Biologie 31-X-1976 Contribution a L'etude De
Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. Bruxelles Bull. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. I Brussel I 31-X-1976 51 1 BIOLOGIE 5 CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LEHMANNIA VALENTIANA (DE Ff.RUSSAC, 1821) (MOLLUSCA, PULMONATA, LIMACIDAE) PAR Jackie L. VAN GOETHEM (Avec 1 planche hors texte) RESUME Des specimens belges de Lehmannia valentiana (DE F:ERUSSAC, 1821), espece nouvelle pour Ia faune beige, sont decrits en detail (adultes et jeunes). Les caracteres distinctifs de L. valentiana sont mentionnes. Plu sieurs adultes presentent un penis avec son caecum completement mva gine, de sorte que, de l'exterieur, le caecum penien semble absent. La description originale de cette espece date de 1821. Provisoirement, Lehmannia est considere par !'auteur comme un genre distinct. Sa position systematique est discutee. SUMMARY Belgian specimens of Lehmannia valentiana (DE FERUSSAC, 1821), a new species for the belgian fauna, are described in detail (adults and young). The distinctive characters of L. valentiana are mentioned. Several adult specimens have the penial caecum completely invaginated, so that externally the penial caecum seems to be absent. The original description of this species dates fro~ 1821. For the present, the author considers Lehmannia as a distinct genus. Its systematic position is discussed. 2 J. VAN GOETHEM.- CONTRIBUTION 'A L 'ETUDE 51, 5 INTRODUCTION L'aire originelle de repartition de Lehmannia valentiana (DE FERUSSAC, 1821) (localite-type : Espagne, Valence), se situerait dans Ia peninsule iberique. L'espece a ete introduite, de fas;on anthropogenique, en Ame rique (Nord et Sud), Australie, Afrique, Asie (Kazakstan), differents pays europeens et plusieurs Jles de ]'Ocean Atlantique et du Pacifique (voir H. -
Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L
EENY-494 Terrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L. Capinera2 Introduction Florida has only a few terrestrial slug species that are native (indigenous), but some non-native (nonindigenous) species have successfully established here. Many interceptions of slugs are made by quarantine inspectors (Robinson 1999), including species not yet found in the United States or restricted to areas of North America other than Florida. In addition to the many potential invasive slugs originating in temperate climates such as Europe, the traditional source of invasive molluscs for the US, Florida is also quite susceptible to invasion by slugs from warmer climates. Indeed, most of the invaders that have established here are warm-weather or tropical species. Following is a discus- sion of the situation in Florida, including problems with Figure 1. Lateral view of slug showing the breathing pore (pneumostome) open. When closed, the pore can be difficult to locate. slug identification and taxonomy, as well as the behavior, Note that there are two pairs of tentacles, with the larger, upper pair ecology, and management of slugs. bearing visual organs. Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS Biology as nocturnal activity and dwelling mostly in sheltered Slugs are snails without a visible shell (some have an environments. Slugs also reduce water loss by opening their internal shell and a few have a greatly reduced external breathing pore (pneumostome) only periodically instead of shell). The slug life-form (with a reduced or invisible shell) having it open continuously. Slugs produce mucus (slime), has evolved a number of times in different snail families, which allows them to adhere to the substrate and provides but this shell-free body form has imparted similar behavior some protection against abrasion, but some mucus also and physiology in all species of slugs. -
The Limacidae of the Canary Islands
THE LIMACIDAE OF THE CANARY ISLANDS by C. O. VAN REGTEREN ALTENA (34th Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fauna of the Canary Islands edited by Dr. D. L. Uyttenboogaart, continued by Dr. C. O. van Regteren Altena1)) CONTENTS Introduction 3 Systematic survey of the Limacidae of the central and western Canary Islands 5 Biogeographical notes on the Limacidae of the Canary Islands . 21 Alphabetical list of the persons who collected or observed Limacidae in the Canary Islands 31 Literature 32 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1947 I was so fortunate as to join for some 9 weeks the Danish Zoological Expedition to the Canary Islands. During my stay I collected materials for the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, paying special attention to the land- and freshwater Mollusca. This paper contains the first results of the examination of the Mollusca collected. My Danish friends Dr. Gunnar Thorson and Dr. Helge Volsøe gener- ously put at my disposal the non-marine Mollusca they collected during their stay in the Canaries. When the material has been worked up, duplicates will be deposited in the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen. I am indebted to several persons who helped me in various ways in the investigations here published. Prof. Dr. N. Hj. Odhner (Stockholm) very kindly put at my disposal a MS list of all the Mollusca of the Canary Islands and their distribution, which he had compiled for private use. Mr. Hugh Watson (Cambridge) never failed to help me by examining or lending specimens, and in detailed letters gave me the benefit of his great experience. -
Toxicity of Thymol on the Ultra-Scanning Structure of Skin and Digestive Gland Proteins of the Two Slugs ‘Limax Maximus and Lehmannia Marginata’ Omaima M
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (April 2018) Vol. 71 (6), Page 3405-3415 Toxicity of Thymol on the Ultra-Scanning Structure of Skin and Digestive Gland Proteins of the Two Slugs ‘Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata’ Omaima M. Mustafa Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt Corresponding author: Omaima Mustafa, Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT Background: thymol is a natural derivative of herb thyme and extracted from Thymus vulgaris. Aim of the work: the present investigation was carried out to study the side effects of thymol on the skin and protein content in the digestive gland of both slugs: Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata. Materials and Methods: the slugs are classified into three groups: the first one served as a control, the second and third groups fed on LC50 and LC90 of thymol for 48 hours. Results: the histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of skin of LC90-treated slugs exhibited erosion of the epithelial cells, hypoplasia of the connective tissues with increased mucus secretion. Moreover, the different protein bands of the control and treated slugs with LC50 and LC90 of thymol were demonstrated by SDS-PAGE technique. A total number of 37 different protein bands were ranged from 5.181 to 84.375 kDa. Conclusion: the present study supported the use of thymol as a molluscicide agent on the skin and digestive gland proteins of both slugs (Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata) that offers a safe alternative to other more persistent chemical pesticides that can be dispersed in runoff and produce subsequent contamination. -
Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs
Cell and Tissue Research (2019) 377:475–503 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9 REVIEW Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2 Received: 21 February 2019 /Accepted: 26 July 2019 /Published online: 2 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and more diversified among metazoan phyla, comprising many thousand species living in ocean, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Mollusc-feeding biology is highly diverse, including omnivorous grazers, herbivores, carnivorous scavengers and predators, and even some parasitic species. Consequently, their digestive system presents many adaptive variations. The digestive tract starting in the mouth consists of the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and intestine ending in the anus. Several types of glands are associated, namely, oral and salivary glands, oesophageal glands, digestive gland and, in some cases, anal glands. The digestive gland is the largest and more important for digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestive system of each of the eight extant molluscan classes is reviewed, highlighting the most recent data available on histological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of tissues and cells involved in nutrient absorption, intracellular and extracellular digestion, with emphasis on glandular tissues. Keywords Digestive tract . Digestive gland . Salivary glands . Mollusca . Ultrastructure Introduction and visceral mass. The visceral mass is dorsally covered by the mantle tissues that frequently extend outwards to create a The phylum Mollusca is considered the second largest among flap around the body forming a space in between known as metazoans, surpassed only by the arthropods in a number of pallial or mantle cavity. -
Slugs & Snails
Animal pests Slugs & Snails ORCHIDEEN Biology Slugs and Snails are molluscs (Mollusca). They have a chitinous-like friction plate with numerous teeth, the so-called radula helps them to literally graze their food from the surface. Snails are crepuscular or nocturne, during the day they live under barks, pots or between plants. All snails produce slime and are usually very polyphagous. They lay their eggs in substrate. The young snails that emerge from the eggs look very much like their parents. On Orchids, slugs without shells and snails with more or less big shells occur causing more or less damage. Some snails or slugs can play an important role as carrier of viruses. The most common species of slugs is the field slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller). This species can be 50-60 mm long in favourable conditions, the body is grey to reddish-brown with dark net-like lines and spots. The eggs with diameters of up to 2.0 mm are usually laid in groups of 4-10 eggs under pots, wood or bark. This species multiplies very quickly, in favourable climatic conditions in greenhouses, adult field slugs are able to lay eggs every 2 nd or 3 rd day. They mainly eat plant parts above the ground. They prefer young, soft plant tissue and are therefore often found on young plants and blossoms. One species of snails is the orchid snail (Zonitoides arboreus Say). It is a North American species. The shell is about 2.0-2.5 mm high and 3.5-4.0 mm wide, brown-yellow to red- brown. -
2015-2025 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan
2 0 1 5 – 2 0 2 5 Species Assessments Appendix 1.1A – Birds A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Avifauna for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 (Jason Hill, PhD) Assessment of eBird data for the importance of Pennsylvania as a bird migratory corridor (Andy Wilson, PhD) Appendix 1.1B – Mammals A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Mammals, Utilizing NatureServe Ranking Methodology and Rank Calculator Version 3.1 for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 (Charlie Eichelberger and Joe Wisgo) Appendix 1.1C – Reptiles and Amphibians A Revision of the State Conservation Ranks of Pennsylvania’s Herpetofauna Appendix 1.1D – Fishes A Revision of the State Conservation Ranks of Pennsylvania’s Fishes Appendix 1.1E – Invertebrates Invertebrate Assessment for the 2015 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan Revision 2015-2025 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan Appendix 1.1A - Birds A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Avifauna for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 Jason M. Hill, PhD. Table of Contents Assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Data Sources ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Species Selection ................................................................................................................................ -
Underground. Variable Degrees and Variety of Reasons for Cave Penetration in Terrestrial Gastropods Naslednja Postaja: Podzemlje
COBISS: 1.01 NEXT Stop: Underground. Variable degrees AND varietY of reasons for cave penetration in terrestrial gastropods Naslednja postaja: podzemlje. Različne stopnje in različni razlogi prodiranja kopenskih polžev V jame Alexander M. Weigand1,2 Abstract UDC 594.3:551.44 Izvleček UDK 594.3:551.44 Alexander M. Weigand: Next Stop: Underground. Variable Alexander M. Weigand: Naslednja postaja: podzemlje. Razli- degrees and variety of reasons for cave penetration in terres- čne stopnje in različni razlogi prodiranja kopenskih polžev v trial gastropods jame Cave-dwelling animals can be classified based on their occur- Podzemeljske živali lahko opredelimo glede na njihovo pojav- rence in and relationship to the subterranean environment. ljanje v podzemeljskem okolju in odnos do tega okolja. Podatki Subsurface distribution data and studies addressing the initial o razširjenosti živali v podzemlju in študije, ki obravnavajo causes for animals to enter underground habitats are sparse. By vzroke za kolonizacijo podzemlja so redki. Stopnja prodiranja retrieving occurrence data from two voluntary biospeleological kopenskih polžev v jame in morebitni evolucijski vzroki so bili collections in Central Germany, the degree of cave penetration proučevani na podlagi dveh biospeleoloških zbirk v osre dnji in terrestrial gastropods was investigated, thus to infer poten- Nemčiji. Skupno je bilo določenih 66 vrst polžev, ki zaidejo tial evolutionary drivers. In total, 66 identified gastropod spe- v podzemlje, od tega 23 vrst iz temnih predelov podzemlja. cies entered the subterranean environment with 23 of the spe- Čeprav polži kažejo različne stopnje prodiranja v jame, podze- cies also recorded from the dark zone. Gastropods possessed meljska oblika polžev ni bila ugotovljena. -
Snail and Slug Dissection Tutorial: Many Terrestrial Gastropods Cannot Be
IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT MOLLUSCS TO THE U.S. AND OBSERVATIONS ON SELECT FLORIDA SPECIES By JODI WHITE-MCLEAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Jodi White-McLean 2 To my wonderful husband Steve whose love and support helped me to complete this work. I also dedicate this work to my beautiful daughter Sidni who remains the sunshine in my life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee chairman, Dr. John Capinera for his endless support and guidance. His invaluable effort to encourage critical thinking is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank my supervisory committee (Dr. Amanda Hodges, Dr. Catharine Mannion, Dr. Gustav Paulay and John Slapcinsky) for their guidance in completing this work. I would like to thank Terrence Walters, Matthew Trice and Amanda Redford form the United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for providing me with financial and technical assistance. This degree would not have been possible without their help. I also would like to thank John Slapcinsky and the staff as the Florida Museum of Natural History for making their collections and services available and accessible. I also would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman for her assistance in the collection of the fungi used in this dissertation. I am truly grateful for the time that both Dr. Gillett-Kaufman and Dr. -
INVERTEBRATES 1. Introduction This Appendix Reports
RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX 4: INVERTEBRATES 1. Introduction 1.1.1 This appendix reports the findings of an invertebrate survey carried out on the proposed extension areas to Brickworth Quarry. Survey was undertaken in 2015 by Dr Peter Kirby and Christopher Kirby Lambert MBiol. Both are experienced invertebrate surveyors. 1.1.2 The proposed extension includes two separate areas immediately adjacent to, and separated by, the active workings. These areas are Church and Lowdens Copse (Area A) to the east of the quarry area and Gooseye and Sandland Copse (Area B) to the west. Both areas consist of a complex of habitats including remnants of ancient woodland, rides and tracks, damp areas, conifer plantation, grass fields and other relatively open habitat. Whilst relatively diverse, all of the habitats present are greatly compromised by modification. The majority of the survey area consists of conifer plantation on land previously occupied by ancient woodland. The plantation areas have been variously managed and in places there are remnants of ancient broadleaved woodland, a habitat that would once have been predominant on the site. In addition to the more extensive areas of broadleaved remnant there are scattered broadleaved trees throughout the site as well as large hazel dominated hedgerows marking boundaries. As would be expected from a site dominated by conifer plantations most of the site was under closed canopy woodland or otherwise heavily shaded. 1.1.3 A system of rides and tracks criss-cross the site and provide somewhat more open habitats but these are generally still narrow, shaded and support species poor vegetation.