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Ten Additions to the Rotifer Fauna of Turkey Turk J Zool 34 (2010) 195-202 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0812-12 Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey Murat KAYA1,*, Ahmet ALTINDAĞ2 1Aksaray University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 68100, Aksaray - TURKEY 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara - TURKEY Received: 24.12.2008 Abstract: Ten monogonont rotifer species new for the Turkish fauna discovered in 2007 are discussed: Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, C. cf. forceps Donner, C. misgurnus Wulfert, Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse), Encentrum limicola Otto, E. mustela (Milne), Lecane aculeate (Jakubski), L. paradoxa (Steinecke), Notommata glyphura Wulfert, and Proales similis de Beauchamp. Eight are widely distributed, but C. cf. forceps Donner and L. paradoxa (Steinecke) have been recorded only from the Palearctic. Important parts of the trophi structure of some species are shown using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, and water temperature were also measured. Key words: Rotifera, taxonomy, new records, SEM Türkiye’nin rotifer faunasına on yeni ek Özet: 2007 yılında keşfedilen, Türkiye faunası için yeni 10 monogonont rotifer türü tartışıldı. Bunlar; Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, C. cf. forceps Donner, C. misgurnus Wulfert, Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse), Encentrum limicola Otto, E. mustela (Milne), Lecane aculeate (Jakubski), L. paradoxa (Steinecke), Notommata glyphura Wulfert, Proales similis de Beauchamp’dır. Sekizi geniş dağılım göstermektedir fakat C. cf. forceps Donner and L. paradoxa (Steinecke) yalnızca Paleoarktik bölgesinden kaydedilmiştir. Bazı türlerin trophi yapılarındaki önemli bölgeler elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanarak gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca çözünmüş oksijen, elektriksel iletkenlik, pH ve su sıcaklığı da ölçülmüştür. Anahtar sözcükler: Rotifera, taksonomi, yeni kayıtlar, SEM Introduction with the original type specimens. Recently some new The identification of Rotifera is difficult for many guide books for some families of rotifers were reasons; most species were described before 1950, and prepared, but many of the species included in these original descriptions do not report important books were taken from old publications and so they taxonomical details that can be observed only with are still problematic. This is the case especially for modern technological equipment such as scanning many semiloricate and illoricate species, which are electron microscopy (SEM) and high-quality light still awaiting redescription. New taxonomic analyses microscopes. Moreover, the type specimens are rarely reporting additional details to old descriptions will available, so that new records cannot be compared help in their identification. * E-mail: [email protected] 195 Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey SEM facilities were used for the first time by DO (YSI 51 oxygen-meter), and electrical Koehler and Hayes (1969a, 1969b); since then, SEM conductivity, EC (WTW LF 92 conductometer, observation has become part of the routine work in Weilheim, Germany). rotifer taxonomy, to find and show useful Species identification morphological details especially for semiloricate and We used a Leica DMLS microscope at illoricate rotifers. Almost all recent descriptions of magnification from 40 to 1000 for identification and new species have used SEM (Sørensen, 1998; Segers drawing of the species. Taxonomic features of hard and Shiel, 2003; De Smet and Chernyshev, 2006). jaws of rotifers (called trophi) were observed by trophi The present paper reports 10 new species for the isolation, dissolving the soft body parts in diluted Turkish fauna, adding taxonomic details from original NaOCl. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) drawings and SEM pictures, and adds ecological preparations were obtained following the procedure information on such species. of De Smet (1998). SEM observation was performed Freshwater invertebrates are now well known in using a JEOL JSM-60 60 LV on material sputter- coated with a Polaron SC 502. Turkey, and many new records have been reported recently for rotifers (Kaya et al., 2008; Altındağ et al., Distributions of the species are given according to 2009; Kaya and Altındağ, 2009), for cladocerans Segers (2007). PAL: Palearctic, AFR: Afrotropical, (Yalım and Çıplak, 2005), for mites (Toluk et al., 2007; ORI: Oriental, NEA: Nearctic, NEO: Neotropical, Urhan, 2008), for ostracods (Kulköylüoğlu et al., 2007; AUS: Australian, PAC: Pacific, and ANT: Antarctic. Zhao et al., 2007), and for other benthic invertebrates (Çamur-Elipek et al., 2006). This shows that many Results and discussion faunistic studies are still needed to improve our knowledge of the distribution of invertebrates in We found 10 new record rotifers for Turkey. Eight of these species are widely distributed around the Turkey, which represents a bridge between Europe world, but C. forceps and L. paradoxa have been and the Middle East. recorded only from the Palearctic until now (Segers, Important contributions to Turkish rotifer fauna 2007). were made in the past (Dumont and De Ridder, 1987; Cephalodella delicata Wulfer, 1937 Segers et al., 1992; Akbulut and Yıldız, 2005; Ustaoğlu et al., 2005; Altındağ et al., 2005; Kaya et al., 2007). Only one specimen of this species was found, on According to a checklist by Ustaoğlu et al. (2004) and 25.04.2007 from Homurlu Stream, coordinates Kaya et al. (2008), 261 species are known from Turkey. 38°12´31.22˝N, 35°47´11.04˝E. Species could not be Since this review, 14 new records have been added to drawn, but some parts of the animal were measured. the Turkish fauna (Altındağ et al., 2009; Kaya and Measurements (μm): total length 103.2, toe 22.3, Altındağ, 2009), and the number of Turkish rotifers trophi 18.5, ramus 10.1, manubrium 10.3, uncus 5.3. now stands at 285. Ecology: although this species is widely distributed, its ecological preferences are still not known. Ecological data for the water sample where Materials and methods the species was found are: dissolved oxygen 14.9 Sample collection mg/L, conductivity 190 μs cm-1, pH 8.9, water The samples were collected using a plankton net temperature 14.3 °C, altitude 1311 m. (55 μm mesh size) from 5 different water bodies in Distribution: it has been recorded from NEA, Turkey in 2007. Sampling localities and ecological PAC, PAL. parameters are provided together with each species. Cephalodella cf. forceps Donner, 1949 Environmental variables (Figures 1-8) Four variables were measured: temperature, T (YSI Twenty specimens were collected, on 07.04.2007 51 Oxygenmeter, OH, USA), pH (WTW 340-A/SET- from Soysallı Pond, coordinates 38°23´27˝N, 1 pH-meter, Weilheim, Germany), dissolved oxygen, 035°21´54˝E. 196 M. KAYA, A. ALTINDAĞ 1 10 µm 50 µm 3 4 2 Figures 1-4. Cephalodella cf. forceps. 1. habitus; 2. toes; 3. trophi; 4. manubrium. (1, 2, 4. lateral view, 3. dorsal view). Description According to Donner (1978), there are double Female. Body stout, round, head short, neck alulae on the rami but there are no double alulae on indistinct, lorica not thin. Foot tapered; tail very short; the rami of our specimens (Figures 7, 8). It is not vitellarium with 8 nuclei; 2 very small eyespots. Toes known if the toes are vacuolated or not (Nogrady et dagger-like, curved ventrally, not vacuolated in the al., 1995); the toes are not vacuolated in our middle. Trophus type B: rami almost symmetric, with specimens (Figure 2). Moreover, our specimens have strong alulae on both sides (not double alulae); unci stouter toes and lorica is not thin. thick and coarse; manubria longer than fulcrum, It is possible that some taxonomically important characteristically crutched and carry lamella on both parts of the species could not be seen when the species sides (Figures 5, 6, 9); fulcrum spatulate (Figure 5). was described by Donner (1949), or that the animals Male unknown and not found in our samples. we found in Turkey, here reported as C. cf. forceps, Measurements (μm): total length 169-183, toe belong to a new variation of C. forceps. We support 32.3-33.8, trophi 25.7-27.2, ramus 10.9-11.6, the first hypothesis, because of the lack of manubrium 22.0-24.2, fulcrum 17.7-19.1, uncus 8.1- technological equipment such as quality light 8.6. microscopy or SEM in the first half of the last century. Differential diagnosis from original description and In conclusion, we consider that C. cf. forceps is C. the other species in the genus forceps. Cephalodella cf. forceps differs from other species Ecology: it lives among plants (Nogrady et al., in the genus by its dagger-like toes, strong alulae on 1995). In the present study, the species was recorded rami, and crutched manubrium with lamella on both from Soysallı Pond (Develi, Kayseri, Turkey) in sides. It is closely related to the original description of macrophytes on 07.04.2007. Soysallı Pond is shallow C. forceps by Donner (1949) but differs by its stouter and stagnant. Conductivity 190 μS cm-1, pH 6.78, and not vacuolated toes, lorica not thin and rami with dissolved oxygen 1.29 mg/L, water temperature 11.9 single and not double alulae. °C, altitude 1079 m. 197 Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey 6 5 l m 5 µm 5 µm u 8 7 a 5 µm 2 µm Figures 5-8. Trophi of Cephalodella cf. forceps. 5, 6. general trophi structure; 7, 8. rami (5, 7. dorsal view; 6. lateral view; 8. ventral view; a, alula; f, fulcrum; l, lamella; m, manubrium; u, uncus). Distribution: Palearctic species; according to De 35°47´11.04˝E. The species was also recorded from Ridder and Segers (1997), the species has been mud of running waters in Central Europe by Koste recorded from River Hase, NW Germany (Koste, (1978), in a central Mexican pond by Sarma and 1970; Koste, 1976); Lake Alfsee, NW Germany (Koste Manuel (1998), and from Svalbard, Norway (De Smet, and Poltz, 1987); C Eur. Mountains and plains 1990).
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