Ten Additions to the Rotifer Fauna of Turkey

Turk J Zool 34 (2010) 195-202 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0812-12

Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey

Murat KAYA1,*, Ahmet ALTINDAĞ2 1Aksaray University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 68100, Aksaray - TURKEY 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara - TURKEY

Received: 24.12.2008

Abstract: Ten monogonont rotifer species new for the Turkish fauna discovered in 2007 are discussed: Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, C. cf. forceps Donner, C. misgurnus Wulfert, Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse), Encentrum limicola Otto, E. mustela (Milne), Lecane aculeate (Jakubski), L. paradoxa (Steinecke), Notommata glyphura Wulfert, and Proales similis de Beauchamp. Eight are widely distributed, but C. cf. forceps Donner and L. paradoxa (Steinecke) have been recorded only from the Palearctic. Important parts of the trophi structure of some species are shown using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, and water temperature were also measured.

Key words: Rotifera, taxonomy, new records, SEM

Türkiye’nin rotifer faunasına on yeni ek

Özet: 2007 yılında keşfedilen, Türkiye faunası için yeni 10 monogonont rotifer türü tartışıldı. Bunlar; Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, C. cf. forceps Donner, C. misgurnus Wulfert, Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse), Encentrum limicola Otto, E. mustela (Milne), Lecane aculeate (Jakubski), L. paradoxa (Steinecke), Notommata glyphura Wulfert, Proales similis de Beauchamp’dır. Sekizi geniş dağılım göstermektedir fakat C. cf. forceps Donner and L. paradoxa (Steinecke) yalnızca Paleoarktik bölgesinden kaydedilmiştir. Bazı türlerin trophi yapılarındaki önemli bölgeler elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanarak gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca çözünmüş oksijen, elektriksel iletkenlik, pH ve su sıcaklığı da ölçülmüştür.

Anahtar sözcükler: Rotifera, taksonomi, yeni kayıtlar, SEM

Introduction with the original type specimens. Recently some new The identification of Rotifera is difficult for many guide books for some families of rotifers were reasons; most species were described before 1950, and prepared, but many of the species included in these original descriptions do not report important books were taken from old publications and so they taxonomical details that can be observed only with are still problematic. This is the case especially for modern technological equipment such as scanning many semiloricate and illoricate species, which are electron microscopy (SEM) and high-quality light still awaiting redescription. New taxonomic analyses microscopes. Moreover, the type specimens are rarely reporting additional details to old descriptions will available, so that new records cannot be compared help in their identification.

* E-mail: [email protected]

195 Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey

SEM facilities were used for the first time by DO (YSI 51 oxygen-meter), and electrical Koehler and Hayes (1969a, 1969b); since then, SEM conductivity, EC (WTW LF 92 conductometer, observation has become part of the routine work in Weilheim, Germany). rotifer taxonomy, to find and show useful Species identification morphological details especially for semiloricate and We used a Leica DMLS microscope at illoricate rotifers. Almost all recent descriptions of magnification from 40 to 1000 for identification and new species have used SEM (Sørensen, 1998; Segers drawing of the species. Taxonomic features of hard and Shiel, 2003; De Smet and Chernyshev, 2006). jaws of rotifers (called trophi) were observed by trophi The present paper reports 10 new species for the isolation, dissolving the soft body parts in diluted Turkish fauna, adding taxonomic details from original NaOCl. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) drawings and SEM pictures, and adds ecological preparations were obtained following the procedure information on such species. of De Smet (1998). SEM observation was performed Freshwater invertebrates are now well known in using a JEOL JSM-60 60 LV on material sputter- coated with a Polaron SC 502. Turkey, and many new records have been reported recently for rotifers (Kaya et al., 2008; Altındağ et al., Distributions of the species are given according to 2009; Kaya and Altındağ, 2009), for cladocerans Segers (2007). PAL: Palearctic, AFR: Afrotropical, (Yalım and Çıplak, 2005), for mites (Toluk et al., 2007; ORI: Oriental, NEA: Nearctic, NEO: Neotropical, Urhan, 2008), for ostracods (Kulköylüoğlu et al., 2007; AUS: Australian, PAC: Pacific, and ANT: Antarctic. Zhao et al., 2007), and for other benthic invertebrates (Çamur-Elipek et al., 2006). This shows that many Results and discussion faunistic studies are still needed to improve our knowledge of the distribution of invertebrates in We found 10 new record rotifers for Turkey. Eight of these species are widely distributed around the Turkey, which represents a bridge between Europe world, but C. forceps and L. paradoxa have been and the Middle East. recorded only from the Palearctic until now (Segers, Important contributions to Turkish rotifer fauna 2007). were made in the past (Dumont and De Ridder, 1987; Cephalodella delicata Wulfer, 1937 Segers et al., 1992; Akbulut and Yıldız, 2005; Ustaoğlu et al., 2005; Altındağ et al., 2005; Kaya et al., 2007). Only one specimen of this species was found, on According to a checklist by Ustaoğlu et al. (2004) and 25.04.2007 from Homurlu Stream, coordinates Kaya et al. (2008), 261 species are known from Turkey. 38°12´31.22˝N, 35°47´11.04˝E. Species could not be Since this review, 14 new records have been added to drawn, but some parts of the animal were measured. the Turkish fauna (Altındağ et al., 2009; Kaya and Measurements (μm): total length 103.2, toe 22.3, Altındağ, 2009), and the number of Turkish rotifers trophi 18.5, ramus 10.1, manubrium 10.3, uncus 5.3. now stands at 285. Ecology: although this species is widely distributed, its ecological preferences are still not known. Ecological data for the water sample where Materials and methods the species was found are: dissolved oxygen 14.9 Sample collection mg/L, conductivity 190 μs cm-1, pH 8.9, water The samples were collected using a plankton net temperature 14.3 °C, altitude 1311 m. (55 μm mesh size) from 5 different water bodies in Distribution: it has been recorded from NEA, Turkey in 2007. Sampling localities and ecological PAC, PAL. parameters are provided together with each species. Cephalodella cf. forceps Donner, 1949 Environmental variables (Figures 1-8) Four variables were measured: temperature, T (YSI Twenty specimens were collected, on 07.04.2007 51 Oxygenmeter, OH, USA), pH (WTW 340-A/SET- from Soysallı Pond, coordinates 38°23´27˝N, 1 pH-meter, Weilheim, Germany), dissolved oxygen, 035°21´54˝E.

196 M. KAYA, A. ALTINDAĞ

10 µm

50 µm 3 4

Figures 1-4. Cephalodella cf. forceps. 1. habitus; 2. toes; 3. trophi; 4. manubrium. (1, 2, 4. lateral view, 3. dorsal view).

Description According to Donner (1978), there are double Female. Body stout, round, head short, neck alulae on the rami but there are no double alulae on indistinct, lorica not thin. Foot tapered; tail very short; the rami of our specimens (Figures 7, 8). It is not vitellarium with 8 nuclei; 2 very small eyespots. Toes known if the toes are vacuolated or not (Nogrady et dagger-like, curved ventrally, not vacuolated in the al., 1995); the toes are not vacuolated in our middle. Trophus type B: rami almost symmetric, with specimens (Figure 2). Moreover, our specimens have strong alulae on both sides (not double alulae); unci stouter toes and lorica is not thin. thick and coarse; manubria longer than fulcrum, It is possible that some taxonomically important characteristically crutched and carry lamella on both parts of the species could not be seen when the species sides (Figures 5, 6, 9); fulcrum spatulate (Figure 5). was described by Donner (1949), or that the animals Male unknown and not found in our samples. we found in Turkey, here reported as C. cf. forceps, Measurements (μm): total length 169-183, toe belong to a new variation of C. forceps. We support 32.3-33.8, trophi 25.7-27.2, ramus 10.9-11.6, the first hypothesis, because of the lack of manubrium 22.0-24.2, fulcrum 17.7-19.1, uncus 8.1- technological equipment such as quality light 8.6. microscopy or SEM in the first half of the last century. Differential diagnosis from original description and In conclusion, we consider that C. cf. forceps is C. the other species in the genus forceps. Cephalodella cf. forceps differs from other species Ecology: it lives among plants (Nogrady et al., in the genus by its dagger-like toes, strong alulae on 1995). In the present study, the species was recorded rami, and crutched manubrium with lamella on both from Soysallı Pond (Develi, Kayseri, Turkey) in sides. It is closely related to the original description of macrophytes on 07.04.2007. Soysallı Pond is shallow C. forceps by Donner (1949) but differs by its stouter and stagnant. Conductivity 190 μS cm-1, pH 6.78, and not vacuolated toes, lorica not thin and rami with dissolved oxygen 1.29 mg/L, water temperature 11.9 single and not double alulae. °C, altitude 1079 m.

197 Ten additions to the rotifer fauna of Turkey

6 5

5 µm

8 7

a 5 µm 2 µm

Figures 5-8. Trophi of Cephalodella cf. forceps. 5, 6. general trophi structure; 7, 8. rami (5, 7. dorsal view; 6. lateral view; 8. ventral view; a, alula; f, fulcrum; l, lamella; m, manubrium; u, uncus).

Distribution: Palearctic species; according to De 35°47´11.04˝E. The species was also recorded from Ridder and Segers (1997), the species has been mud of running waters in Central Europe by Koste recorded from River Hase, NW Germany (Koste, (1978), in a central Mexican pond by Sarma and 1970; Koste, 1976); Lake Alfsee, NW Germany (Koste Manuel (1998), and from Svalbard, Norway (De Smet, and Poltz, 1987); C Eur. Mountains and plains 1990). (Berzins, 1978); Lake Wallsee and r. Lobau, Austrian Measurements (μm): total length 169, toe 56.6- Danube basin (Donner, 1978); Bejing, China (Zhuge, 59.7, trophi 18.4-27.9, ramus 6.6-9.5, fulcrum 13.9- 1997); Quingyi River, China (Xin-Li et al., 2004). 17.6, uncus 8.1-8.8, manubrium 15.8-18.4. Moreover, we found it from the Palearctic; so our paper confirms that C. forceps is a Palearctic species. Cephalodella misgurnus Wulfert, 1937 Ecology: the species lives in muddy sediments and in streams (Nogrady et al., 1995). We also found this (Figure 9) species from a stream. Dissolved oxygen 14.9 mg/L, The sample was collected from running water conductivity 190 μs cm-1, pH 8.9, water temperature (Homurlu Stream), coordinates 38°12´31.22˝N, 14.3 °C, altitude 1311 m.

198 M. KAYA, A. ALTINDAĞ

5 µm

10 Figure 9. Trophi of Cephalodella misgurnus in ventral view.

Distribution: AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL. 50 µm Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886) (Figure 10) Only a single individual was found, on 07.04.2007 from Soysallı Pond, coordinates 38°23´27˝N, Figure 10. Dipleuchlanis propatula, dorsal view of habitus. 035°21´54˝E. Measurements (μm): total length 221.8, toes 67.5, lorica length 156, lorica width 162.5. fulcrum 9.9-10.7, uncus 9.1-10.3, intramalleus 6.5-6.9, Ecology: Conductivity 190 μS cm-1, pH 6.78, manubrium 18.2-19.8. dissolved oxygen 1.29 mg/L, water temperature 11.9 Ecology: it is a marine species (De Smet, 1997), but °C, altitude 1079 m. we recorded it from inland saline waters. Dissolved -1 Distribution: It is a widely distributed species oxygen 10.84 mg/L, conductivity 3270 μs cm , pH (Segers, 2007), and has been recorded from AFR, 8.75, water temperature 12.4 °C, altitude 1075 m. AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, and PAL. Distribution: PAL species recorded from Germany, Encentrum limicola Otto, 1936 Baltic Sea, Spitsbergen, and Arctic Ocean (De Smet, 1997). (Figures 11, 12) Comments: E. limicola is a marine species, but we The sample was collected on 07.04.2007 from recorded it from inland saline waters. We prepared 2 Sultan Marshes, coordinates 38°16´20.60˝N, specimens of this species for SEM, and we reported 35°14´32.57˝E. that there is no difference between the trophi Measurements (μm): contracted body length 165- structures of this species recorded from marine (De 169, toe 21.6-22.9, trophi 32.3-33.1, ramus 11.4-13.2, Smet, 1997) and inland saline water, suggesting that

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this species is limited by salinity only, and not by The sample was collected on 20.06.2007 from Lake differences between continental and proper marine Şeyh Abdulrahim (Diyarbakır, Turkey), coordinates habitats, as is the case for many other rotifer species 37°51´51.86˝N, 40°54´18.14˝E. (Fontaneto et al., 2006). Taxonomical comments: the species is close to L. Encentrum mustela (Milne, 1885) arcula (Figure 16), but it is easily distinguished by its (Figures 13, 14) longer antero-lateral spine (7-11 μm in L. aculeata, 3- 5 μm in L. arcula) and its more elongate lorica (Segers, The sample was collected on 25.04.2007 from a 1995). running freshwater habitat (Homurlu Stream), coordinates 38°12´31.22˝N, 35°47´11.04˝E. Trophi Measurements: dorsal plate length 64.6-66.7 μm, structure of the species was prepared for SEM, and no dorsal plate width 48.6-53.4 μm, ventral plate length differences in the trophi structure of this species 75.3-81.6 μm, ventral plate width 45.9-49.7 μm, toe 1 described by De Smet (De Smet, 1997). 24.2-27.3 μm, claw 1 6.1-6.3 μm, antero-lateral spine 12.1-12.9 μm. Measurements (μm): body length 126-149, toe 14.7-16.1, trophi 24.9-28.6, ramus 10.9-11.8, fulcrum Ecology: Dissolved oxygen 18.3 mg/L, -1 8-8.2, uncus 10.6-11.3, intramalleus 1.5-2.2, conductivity 470 μs cm , pH 7.8, water temperature supramanubrium 4.9-5.1, manubrium 16.6-21.2. 18.1 °C, altitude 884 m. Ecology: Dissolved oxygen 14.9 mg/L, Distribution: AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL. -1 conductivity 190 μs cm , pH 8.9, water temperature Lecane paradoxa (Steinecke, 1916) 14.3 °C, altitude 1311 m. (Figure 17) Distribution: AFR, ANT, PAL. The sample was collected on 07.04.2007 from Lecane aculeata (Jakubski, 1912) Sultan Marshes, coordinates 38°16´20.60˝N, (Figure 15) 35°14´32.57˝E. Measurements (μm): ventral plate length 70.1- 72.9, ventral plate width 61.3-63.8, dorsal plate length

11 12 74.2-76.5, dorsal plate width 68.6-71.3. Our measurements are slightly longer than those reported by Segers (1995). Ecology: it occurs in fresh and saline waters. The 10 µm species was recorded in saline waters in the present study. Dissolved oxygen 10.84 mg/L, conductivity -1 5 µm 3270 μs cm , pH 8.75, water temperature 12.4 °C, altitude 1075 m. Distribution: according to Segers (1995), it is a rare species recorded from France, Germany, Japan, and northern Arabia (PAL). We also found it from the Palearctic, and so our result confirms that it is a Palearctic species. 5 µm 5 µm 13 14 Notommata glyphura Wulfert, 1935 The sample was collected on 20.06.2007 from Lake Şeyh Abdulrahim (Diyarbakır, Turkey), coordinates Figures 11-14. 11. trophi of Encentrum limicola; 12. rami of E. 37°51´51.86˝N, 40°54´18.14˝E. N. glyphura is close to limicola; 13, 14. trophi of E. mustela (11. ventral N. cerberus, but it is easily distinguished by the view; 12, 13, 14. dorsal views; all figures from different individuals). presence of a retrocerebral organ and the mastax

200 M. KAYA, A. ALTINDAĞ

50 µm 50 µm 50 µm 17 15 16

Figures 15-17. Habitus of Lecane species in ventral view. 15. Lecane aculeata; 16. L. arcula; 17. L. paradoxa.

(Nogrady et al., 1995). Our specimens were Ecology: It is known as a halophile species (De contracted and so we could not draw a figure. Smet, 1997), and it was recorded also from Measurements: total length 346-375 μm, toes 14.5- hypersaline spring water (Brian and Koste, 1993) and 15.8 μm, trophi 39.8-44.6 μm, fulcrum 21.2-25.4 μm. from Mediterranean Sea Italian coast (Ricci and Fontaneto, 2003). We recorded this species from Ecology: Dissolved oxygen 18.3 mg/L, -1 hyposaline water. Our study confirms that it is a conductivity 470 μs cm , pH 7.8, water temperature 18.1 °C, altitude 884 m. halophile species. Dissolved oxygen 16.40 mg/L, conductivity 8780 μs cm-1, pH 8.84, water temperature Distribution: It is a cosmopolitan species 28.1 °C, altitude 1076 m. distributed in AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL. Distribution: AUS, NEA, ORI, PAC, PAL. Proales similis De Beauchamp, 1907 Only one individual was found, on 07.06.2007 from Lake Camız, coordinates 38°19´16.77˝N, Acknowledgements 35°19´27.71˝E. The species could not be drawn. We would like to thank Diego Fontaneto (Imperial Measurements (μm): length 112.1, toe 7.4, trophi College London, UK) for comments on the first draft 19.3, ramus 12.7, fulcrum 5.1, uncus 7.4, manubrium of the manuscript. This paper is a part of the first 16.2. author’s PhD thesis.

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