DOCSLIB.ORG

Freezing Physics. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and the Quest for Cold, 2007, Isbn 978-90-6984-519-7

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Freezing Physics. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and the Quest for Cold, 2007, Isbn 978-90-6984-519-7 Freezing physics 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd1 1 26-11-2007 16:45:51 History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands, volume 10 The series History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands presents studies on a variety of subjects in the history of science, scholarship and academic institutions in the Netherlands. Titles in this series 1. Rienk Vermij, The Calvinist Copernicans. The reception of the new astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575-1750. 2002, isbn 90-6984-340-4 2. Gerhard Wiesenfeldt, Leerer Raum in Minervas Haus. Experimentelle Naturlehre an der Universität Leiden, 1675-1715, 2002, isbn 90-6984-339-0 3. Rina Knoeff, Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738). Calvinist chemist and physician. 2002, isbn 90-6984-342-0 4. Johanna Levelt Sengers, How fluids unmix. Discoveries by the School of Van der Waals and Kamerlingh Onnes. 2002, isbn 90-6984-357-9 5. Jacques L.R. Touret and Robert P.W. Visser, editors, Dutch pioneers of the earth sciences, 2004, isbn 90-6984-389-7 6. Renée E. Kistemaker, Natalya P. Kopaneva, Debora J. Meijers and Georgy Vilinbakhov, editors, The Paper Museum of the Academy of Sciences in St Peterburg (c. 1725-1760), Introduction and Interpretation, 2005, isbn 90-6984-424-9, isbn dvd 90-6984-425-7, isbn Book and dvd 90-6984-426-5 7. Charles van den Heuvel, ‘De Huysbou’. A reconstruction of an unfinished treatise on architecture, town planning and civil engineering by Simon Stevin, 2005, isbn 90-6984- 432-x 8. Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftijzer and Robert P.W. Visser, editors, Carolus Clusius. Towards a cultural history of a Renaissance naturalist, 2007, isbn 978-90- 6984-506-7 9. Lissa Roberts, Simon Schaffer, Peter Dear, editors, The mindful hand: inquiry and invention from the late Renaissance to early industrialisation, 2007, isbn 978-90- 6984-483-1 10. Dirk van Delft, Freezing physics. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and the quest for cold, 2007, isbn 978-90-6984-519-7 Editorial Board K. van Berkel, University of Groningen W.Th.M. Frijhoff, Free University of Amsterdam A. van Helden, Utrecht University W.E. Krul, University of Groningen A. de Swaan, Amsterdam School of Sociological Research R.P.W. Visser, Utrecht University 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd2 2 26-11-2007 16:45:51 Freezing physics Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and the quest for cold Dirk van Delft Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 2007 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd3 3 26-11-2007 16:45:51 Originally published as Heike Kamerlingh Onnes – een biografie, Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2005. Translated from the Dutch by Beverly Jackson. Copyright © 2007 Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Information and orders: Edita knaw P.O. Box 19121, 1000 gc Amsterdam, the Netherlands t + 31 20 551 07 00 f + 31 20 620 49 41 e [email protected] www.knaw.nl/edita isbn 978-90-6984-519-7 The paper in this publication meets the requirements of « iso-norm 9706 (1994) for permanence. The English translation of this book was made possible by a subsidy of the NWO (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/Nether- lands Organisation for Scientific Research). Illustration cover: Detail of the schematic view of the bottom part of the cryostat with which Kamerlingh Onnes achieved the record low temperature of 0.83 K in 1921. (See illustration 55). 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd4 4 26-11-2007 16:45:51 Contents Preface 1 Introduction 5 Prologue 13 1. Between Schifpot en Noorderhaven 19 2. That wonderful HBS 32 3. No drinking binges 49 4. Heidelberg 63 5. Restless atoms 78 6. ‘Maintain and refine’ 94 7. Foucault’s pendulum 105 8. Delft: corresponding states and other matters 123 9. To Leiden 139 10. New heights 153 11. ‘Door meten tot weten’: knowledge through measurement 172 12. Monstrosity gets a face-lift 184 13. The fullness of wisdom 202 14. Cold war (i) 211 15. The Lorentz series 230 16. The Zeeman effect 246 17. A collection of explosive devices 261 18. Retrograde condensation 287 19. Into the breach for Van der Waals 305 20. The blue-collar boys 319 21. Stolen rooms and other personnel matters 337 22. Committee work: a necessary evil 358 23. Cold war (ii) 380 24. Old peat and neighbourhood squabbling 407 25. Die Zustandsgleichung 418 26. Huize ter Wetering 441 27. Monsieur Zéro Absolu 455 28. The quantum and zero-point energy 468 contents v 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd5 5 26-11-2007 16:45:51 29. ‘Supra-conductivity’ 494 30. A chocolate from Stockholm 512 31. World War: turning-point 524 32. Declining years 545 33. Successors 571 34. Duty, joy and harmony 587 Epilogue: the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory 606 Glossary 613 Illustration sources 616 Chronology 619 Sources and abbreviations/terms used in references to sources 622 Bibliography 624 Name index 649 Subject index 661 vi contents 0311-07_Kamerlingh_Voorwerk.indd6 6 26-11-2007 16:45:51 Preface I only have to shut my eyes for a moment and I am back at the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory. Not the grey measuring hall on the outskirts of Leiden, but the original labyrinth opposite Van der Werff Park on Steenschuur, in the very heart of Leiden. A few years ago this complex was transformed into the premises of the law faculty, and the old name blazoned in gold letters on the eaves in 1932 was truncated to plain kamerlingh onnes. The unsightly bulges annexed to the main building, including the laboratory in which Heike Kamer- lingh Onnes liquefi ed helium on 10 July 1908, were demolished to make room for new buildings. But that does not hurt me, and in my mind I let the old front door swing shut behind me, walk up the stairs to the right, and set off past the instrument-makers’ workshops towards lab I, to Zeeman’s windows. I fi rst saw those windows in September 1969, trying to fi nd my way around the corridors as a fi rst-year physics student. The building was full of funny lit- tle staircases, mysterious passageways, annexes and outlying rooms where pumps chugged away and researchers hunched intently over cases of electron- ics and cold fl asks (cryostats), on their way to absolute zero. What a jumbled mess of a building! That was Heike’s fault. As soon as he took charge of the laboratory’s north wing in 1882, as the new professor of experimental physics, he decided on a thorough programme of renovation, and when the chemistry and anatomy departments doggedly stayed put in the rest of the building, thwarting his plans, he solved the problem of space with an endless series of annexes. Like a wayward growth, the complex expanded down the street, around the corner of Langegracht, into the back garden and into the front garden. Functionality overrode any aesthetic objections. Arriving at the main building, I turn left. On the right, high up in the wall, halfway down the corridor with its chequered tile fl oor and harsh light, are three stained-glass windows, each one measuring 1.75 × 0.72 metres. Together they depict the discovery – and explanation – of the Zeeman effect. This phenomenon, the splitting (or rather widening) of light under the infl uence of a magnetic fi eld, was discovered in August/September 1896 by Pieter Zeeman in the room behind the windows. Zeeman’s superior, Kamerlingh Onnes, preface 1 00311-07_Kamerlingh_01.indd311-07_Kamerlingh_01.indd 1 226-11-20076-11-2007 116:51:536:51:53 submitted the fi rst article on the effect to the meeting of the Academy of Sciences on his student’s behalf, after which Lorentz produced an explanation for it within just two days. In 1902 Zeeman and Lorentz became the joint re- cipients of the Nobel Prize for physics. Twenty years later, Kamerlingh Onnes paid tribute to his two friends by commissioning these windows. Subdued and austere in form, they arrest the gaze of any passer-by. I look up and see Zee- man peering tensely at sodium light between electromagnets, while Lorentz is engrossed in his formulas. Art and science coalesce in geometrically shaped stained-glass panes, in a style reminiscent of Bart van der Leck. It was years after my fi rst acquaintance with these windows that I noticed the plaque beneath them with the artist’s name: Harm Kamerlingh Onnes. Harm, I discovered, was the son of Heike’s artist brother, Menso Kamerlingh Onnes. So there were several Kamerlingh Onnesses, and the family apparently possessed an aptitude for art as well as physics. I was curious, and my curiosity nagged at me intermittently for years, until I decided to indulge both my passion for the history of science and my passion for writing by producing a biography of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. That was in 1990. Since then, my mind has pulsed with the doings of the Kamerlingh Onnes family, and they have all become close acquaintances. The problem was that my work as science editor for the daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad left me little time for the biography. The project did not re- ally take off until 2002, when I was appointed as the fi rst ‘writer-in-residence’ of the NIAS, the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and the Social Sciences. I am extremely grateful to Ben Knapen and Mai Spijkers of PCM Publishers and the then director of NIAS, Henk Wesseling, for giving me that opportunity, and to the chief editors of NRC Handelsblad for their generosity in letting me go for a while.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Memorial Tablets*
    Memorial Tablets* Gregori Aminoff 1883-1947 Born 8 Feb. 1883 in Stockholm; died 11 Feb. 1947 in Stockholm. 1905 First academic degree, U. of Uppsala, after studying science in Stockholm. 1905 to about 19 13 studied painting in Florence and Italy. 1913 Returned to science. 1918 Ph.D. ; appointed Lecturer in Mineralogy and Crystallo- graphy U. of Stockholm. Thesis: Calcite and Barytes from Mzgsbanshiitten (Sweden). 1923-47 Professor and Head of the Department of Mineralogy of the Museum of Natural History in Stockholm. 1930 Married Birgit Broome, herself a crystallographer. see Nature (London) 1947, 159, 597 (G. Hagg). Dirk Coster 1889-1950 Born 5 Oct. 1889 in Amsterdam; died 12 Feb. 1950 in Groningen. Studied in Leiden, Delft, Lund (with Siegbahn) and Copenhagen (with Bohr). 1922 Dr.-ing. Tech. University of Delft. Thesis: X-ray Spectra and the Atomic Theory of Bohr. 1923 Assistant of H. A. Lorentz, Teyler Stichting in Haarlem. 1924-50 Prof. of Physics and Meteorology, U. of Groningen. Bergen Davis 1869-1951 Born 31 March 1869 in White House, New Jersey; died 1951 in New York. 1896 B.Sc. Rutgers University. 1900 A.M. Columbia University (New York). 1901 Ph.D. Columbia University. 1901-02 Postgraduate work in GMtingen. 1902-03 Postgraduate work in Cambridge. * The author (P.P.E.) is particularly aware of the incompleteness of this section and would be gratefid for being sent additional data. MEMORIAL TABLETS 369 1903 Instructor 1 1910 Assistant Professor Columbia University, New York. 1914 Associate Professor I 1918 Professor of Physics ] Work on ionization, radiation, electron impact, physics of X-rays, X-ray spectroscopy with first two-crystal spectrometer.
    [Show full text]
  • Infobestand Pelgrimsroute Stad Groningen
    Infobestand Pelgrimsroute Stad Groningen. Hoogtekaart. Rood is hoog en blauw is laag. Stichting Pelgrimeren in Groningen www.spig.nl SPiG Facebook, E: [email protected] ’t Oldehof 49 9951 JX Winsum KvK 66778166 BTW nr. 8566.94.034 Bankrekening NL25.RBRB.0943.5716.42 Groningen. Groningen ontstond op de noordelijkste uitloper van de Hondsrug. De oudst bekende schriftelijke vermelding, villa Cruoninga, dateert uit 1040, maar vaststaat dat de huidige stad al ver voor dat jaar een bewoonde plaats was. De oudste archeologische vondsten binnen het gebied van de huidige stad zijn met behulp van de C14- methode gedateerd op circa 3950–3720 voor Chr. Een onafgebroken bewoning kan worden vastgesteld vanaf de derde eeuw. Groningen is waarschijnlijk ontstaan uit twee verschillende kernen, een lag rond het huidige Martinikerkhof, de andere tussen het Zuiderdiep en het Verbindingskanaal. De geschreven geschiedenis van Groningen begint in 1040 met de schenking door de Duitse keizer van goederen en rechten aan de kerk van Utrecht. Eerder waren al delen van het koningsgoed geschonken aan het Klooster Werden. Groningen moet in 1040 al een zekere marktfunctie voor de directe omgeving hebben gehad. De oudste kerk, de Maartenskerk, is blijkens archeologisch onderzoek gesticht rond 800. Deel van de schenking was ook het muntrecht, waar de Utrechtse bisschop ook gebruik van heeft gemaakt. Het aanvankelijk Drentse esdorp, werd in de middeleeuwen een belangrijke handelsplaats. De ligging, op de grens van Drenthe en Friesland, was daarbij van grote waarde. Na 1040 volgt een lange periode waarin de bronnen weer zwijgen over Groningen. Om hun macht te tonen bouwden de Stadjers in de dertiende eeuw op eigen gezag een omwalling.
    [Show full text]
  • Zirconium and Hafnium in 1998
    ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM By James B. Hedrick Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Imogene P. Bynum, statistical officer, and the world production table was prepared by Regina R. Coleman, international data coordinator. The principal economic source of zirconium is the zirconium withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. silicate mineral, zircon (ZrSiO4). The mineral baddeleyite, a Domestic production of zircon increased as a new mine in natural form of zirconia (ZrO2), is secondary to zircon in its Virginia came online. Production of milled zircon was economic significance. Zircon is the primary source of all essentially unchanged from that of 1997. According to U.S. hafnium. Zirconium and hafnium are contained in zircon at a Customs trade statistics, the United States was a net importer of ratio of about 50 to 1. Zircon is a coproduct or byproduct of the zirconium ore and concentrates. In 1998, however, the United mining and processing of heavy-mineral sands for the titanium States was more import reliant than in 1997. Imports of minerals, ilmenite and rutile, or tin minerals. The major end zirconium ore and concentrates increased significantly as U.S. uses of zircon are refractories, foundry sands (including exports of zirconium ore and concentrates declined by 7%. investment casting), and ceramic opacification. Zircon is also With the exception of prices, all data in this report have been marketed as a natural gemstone, and its oxide processed to rounded to three significant digits. Totals and percentages produce the diamond simulant, cubic zirconia. Zirconium is were calculated from unrounded numbers. used in nuclear fuel cladding, chemical piping in corrosive environments, heat exchangers, and various specialty alloys.
    [Show full text]
  • Middag–Humsterland || Visie En Programma Voor Een Waardevol Landschap || Verslag Sessie 2, 212-04-2017
    1 Middag–Humsterland || Visie en programma voor een waardevol landschap || Verslag sessie 2, 212-04-2017 Middag–Humsterland || Visie en programma voor een waardevol landschap || Verslag sessie 2, 12-04-2017 2 Inhoud De deelnemers........................................................................................ 3 Agenda .................................................................................................... 4 Welkom ................................................................................................... 4 Introductie .............................................................................................. 4 Recapitulatie ........................................................................................... 4 Verslag van de vorige keer ............................................................ 4 Overzicht van de belangrijkste waarden, veto’s en ambities ...... 4 De meest kansrijke thema’s voor ontwikkeling ........................... 5 Opdracht 1: Inzoomen op de thema’s .................................................. 6 Agrarisch landschap en agrarische bedrijvigheid ........................ 6 Energietransitie ............................................................................. 6 Wonen en recreëren ...................................................................... 7 Biobased en circulaire economie ................................................. 8 Opdracht 2: Halen en brengen .............................................................. 8 Website Middag-Humsterland ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Einstein
    THE COLLECTED PAPERS OF Albert Einstein VOLUME 15 THE BERLIN YEARS: WRITINGS & CORRESPONDENCE JUNE 1925–MAY 1927 Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, A. J. Kox, Dennis Lehmkuhl, Ze’ev Rosenkranz, and Jennifer Nollar James EDITORS Anthony Duncan, Marco Giovanelli, Michel Janssen, Daniel J. Kennefick, and Issachar Unna ASSOCIATE & CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Emily de Araújo, Rudy Hirschmann, Nurit Lifshitz, and Barbara Wolff ASSISTANT EDITORS Princeton University Press 2018 Copyright © 2018 by The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu All Rights Reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA (Revised for volume 15) Einstein, Albert, 1879–1955. The collected papers of Albert Einstein. German, English, and French. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Contents: v. 1. The early years, 1879–1902 / John Stachel, editor — v. 2. The Swiss years, writings, 1900–1909 — — v. 15. The Berlin years, writings and correspondence, June 1925–May 1927 / Diana Kormos Buchwald... [et al.], editors. QC16.E5A2 1987 530 86-43132 ISBN 0-691-08407-6 (v.1) ISBN 978-0-691-17881-3 (v. 15) This book has been composed in Times. The publisher would like to acknowledge the editors of this volume for providing the camera-ready copy from which this book was printed. Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed in the United States of America 13579108642 INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME 15 The present volume covers a thrilling two-year period in twentieth-century physics, for during this time matrix mechanics—developed by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan—and wave mechanics, developed by Erwin Schrödinger, supplanted the earlier quantum theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Religious Ritual: Migration and Adaptation in Early Medieval Britain
    Dynamics of Religious Ritual: Migration and Adaptation in Early Medieval Britain A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Brooke Elizabeth Creager IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Peter S. Wells August 2019 Brooke Elizabeth Creager 2019 © For my Mom, I could never have done this without you. And for my Grandfather, thank you for showing me the world and never letting me doubt I can do anything. Thank you. i Abstract: How do migrations impact religious practice? In early Anglo-Saxon England, the practice of post-Roman Christianity adapted after the Anglo-Saxon migration. The contemporary texts all agree that Christianity continued to be practiced into the fifth and sixth centuries but the archaeological record reflects a predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture. My research compiles the evidence for post-Roman Christian practice on the east coast of England from cemeteries and Roman churches to determine the extent of religious change after the migration. Using the case study of post-Roman religion, the themes religion, migration, and the role of the individual are used to determine how a minority religion is practiced during periods of change within a new culturally dominant society. ii Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………...ii List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………iv Preface …………………………………………………………………………………….1 I. Religion 1. Archaeological Theory of Religion ...………………………………………………...3 II. Migration 2. Migration Theory and the Anglo-Saxon Migration ...……………………………….42 3. Continental Ritual Practice before the Migration, 100 BC – AD 400 ………………91 III. Southeastern England, before, during and after the Migration 4. Contemporary Accounts of Religion in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries……………..116 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Met Een Minimum Inkomen Kom Je Soms in Aanmerking Voor Een Steuntje in De Rug
    Met een minimum inkomen kom je soms in aanmerking voor een steuntje in de rug: 1. Compensatie eigen risico zorgverzekering Inwoners uit de gemeenten Bedum, De Marne, Winsum en Eemsmond met een inkomen tot en met 120% van het minimum - die in 2018 hun volledig eigen risico hebben verbruikt - hebben recht op compensatie. Aanvragen van compensatie voor het eigen risico zorgverzekering kan via het formulierenloket van Werkplein Ability op www.werkpleinability.nl. De compensatie voor 2018 bedraagt € 265,-. 2. Voedselbank Het Hogeland Voedselbank Het Hogeland biedt tijdelijke ondersteuning aan inwoners uit de gemeenten Bedum, De Marne, Winsum en Eemsmond. Op www.voedselbankhethogeland.nl kun je de voorwaarden vinden waaraan je moet voldoen om in aanmerking te komen voor ondersteuning door de voedselbank. 3. Kinderen van de Voedselbank Kinderen van de Voedselbank verstrekt pakketten met nieuwe kleding, nieuwe schoenen en een aantal leuke nieuwe cadeautjes. Is jouw gezin aangesloten bij de voedselbank, dan kun je een aanvraag indienen voor een pakket voor jouw kind. Het aanvraagformulier is te vinden op www.kinderenvandevoedselbank.nl 4. Kledingbank Maxima Bij Kledingbank Maxima in Winsum kunnen mensen met een minimum inkomen uit de gemeenten Bedum, De Marne, Winsum en Eemsmond tweemaal per jaar gratis winkelen. Kijk voor meer informatie op www.kledingbankmaxima.nl 5. Kraambank Als je een babyuitzet niet zelf kunt betalen, kun je een beroep doen op de Kraambank van Isis Kraamzorg in Groningen. Kijk op www.isiskraamzorg.nl voor meer informatie. 6. Stichting De Vakantiebank Kom je (met of zonder kinderen) rond op of onder bijstandsniveau en ben je meer dan 5 jaar niet op vakantie geweest? Dan kom je in aanmerking voor een mooie vakantie in Nederland.
    [Show full text]
  • Units in Electromagnetism (PDF)
    Units in electromagnetism Almost all textbooks on electricity and magnetism (including Griffiths’s book) use the same set of units | the so-called rationalized or Giorgi units. These have the advantage of common use. On the other hand there are all sorts of \0"s and \µ0"s to memorize. Could anyone think of a system that doesn't have all this junk to memorize? Yes, Carl Friedrich Gauss could. This problem describes the Gaussian system of units. [In working this problem, keep in mind the distinction between \dimensions" (like length, time, and charge) and \units" (like meters, seconds, and coulombs).] a. In the Gaussian system, the measure of charge is q q~ = p : 4π0 Write down Coulomb's law in the Gaussian system. Show that in this system, the dimensions ofq ~ are [length]3=2[mass]1=2[time]−1: There is no need, in this system, for a unit of charge like the coulomb, which is independent of the units of mass, length, and time. b. The electric field in the Gaussian system is given by F~ E~~ = : q~ How is this measure of electric field (E~~) related to the standard (Giorgi) field (E~ )? What are the dimensions of E~~? c. The magnetic field in the Gaussian system is given by r4π B~~ = B~ : µ0 What are the dimensions of B~~ and how do they compare to the dimensions of E~~? d. In the Giorgi system, the Lorentz force law is F~ = q(E~ + ~v × B~ ): p What is the Lorentz force law expressed in the Gaussian system? Recall that c = 1= 0µ0.
    [Show full text]
  • Bestekken Van Sarrieshutten Bij De Groninger Korenmolens Gebouwd En Herbouwd in De Periode 1630 - 1805
    Tijdens de Open Monumentendag 2013 verscheen het boek: Bestekken van sarrieshutten bij de Groninger korenmolens gebouwd en herbouwd in de periode 1630 - 1805 Het boek is geschreven door B. D. Poppen, uit Uithuizen, kenner op het gebied van de Groninger molens en de sarrieshutten. Eerder schreef hij boeken over De belasting op het gemaal in Stad en Ommelanden 1594-1856 (2004) - nog verkrijgbaar; Aangestelde cherchers of opzichters bij de molens voor de belasting op het gemaal in de provincie Groningen in de periode 1629- 1809 (2013) - beperkte oplage en over de Groninger molenhistorie (2012). Het nu verschenen boek kan worden beschouwd als het derde deel van een trilogie over de intrigerende geschiedenis die zich gedurende enige eeuwen rond de Groninger korenmolens heeft afgespeeld. De sarrieshut bij de verdwenen korenmolen te ’t Zandt. In dit nieuwe boek worden de sarrieshutten, de woningen van de cherchers (controleurs), onder de loep genomen. Zo wordt de bouwgeschiedenis gevolgd van de allereerste bouw in 1630, tot en met de laatste herbouw in 1805. In de tussenliggende jaren zijn talloze reparaties aan de ruim 100 hutten uitgevoerd, die zowel in de stad Groningen als op het platteland waren gebouwd. Middels de vele in het boek opgenomen getranscribeerde bestekken, is op te maken dat de hutten in de loop der jaren niet alleen iets groter werden gebouwd, maar ook van meer comfort werden voorzien. De gedetailleerde bestekken die voor de reparaties en herbouw werden opgesteld, vormen een bijzondere bron van informatie over de toenmalige wijze van bouwen. Het boek omvat 296 pagina’s en is voorzien van ruim 100 afbeeldingen.
    [Show full text]
  • Julienne Taba COFFEE TASTE ANALYSIS of an ESPRESSO COFFEE USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC SPECROSCOPY
    Julienne Taba COFFEE TASTE ANALYSIS OF AN ESPRESSO COFFEE USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC SPECROSCOPY Bachelor’s Thesis CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree Programme in Chemistry and Technology March 2012 ABSTRACT CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA Date Author UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree programme Name of thesis Instructor Pages Supervisor Key words INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS HMDS: hexamethylsiloxane TCE: Tetrachloroethane NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ISO: International Organization for Standardization ICO: International Coffee Organization DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide ACKNOLWEDGEMENT This work was performed at Koninklijke Philips Electronic N.V (Royal Philips Electronics), in the R&D department in Eindhoven Holland from July to December 2011. I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Freek Suijver, for the opportunity of being part of the coffee project, his tutoring and his availability. I would like to express my gratitude to all the team members from the coffee project for their knowledge, time and friendliness: MSc Nicole Haex, Dr Nico Willard, Dr Johan Marra, and MSc Mart Te Velde A special thanks to Dr. Jeroen Pikkemaat for assisting me with his expertise on the NMR. Finally I want to thank Richard Schukkink for the great coffees; I have learned to enjoy the subtleties of a good cup of coffee. This work was supervised by MSc Jana Holm and Dr. Esko Johnson; I want to thank them both for their time and feedback. Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Newton.Indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag
    omslag Newton.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag. 1 e Dutch Republic proved ‘A new light on several to be extremely receptive to major gures involved in the groundbreaking ideas of Newton Isaac Newton (–). the reception of Newton’s Dutch scholars such as Willem work.’ and the Netherlands Jacob ’s Gravesande and Petrus Prof. Bert Theunissen, Newton the Netherlands and van Musschenbroek played a Utrecht University crucial role in the adaption and How Isaac Newton was Fashioned dissemination of Newton’s work, ‘is book provides an in the Dutch Republic not only in the Netherlands important contribution to but also in the rest of Europe. EDITED BY ERIC JORINK In the course of the eighteenth the study of the European AND AD MAAS century, Newton’s ideas (in Enlightenment with new dierent guises and interpre- insights in the circulation tations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton of knowledge.’ and the Netherlands Newton’s Prof. Frans van Lunteren, sudden success is analyzed in Leiden University great depth and put into a new perspective. Ad Maas is curator at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, the Netherlands. Eric Jorink is researcher at the Huygens Institute for Netherlands History (Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences). / www.lup.nl LUP Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 1 Newton and the Netherlands Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 2 Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philips Laboratory's X-Ray Department
    Tensions within an Industrial Research Laboratory: The Philips Laboratory’s X-Ray Department between the Wars Downloaded from KEES BOERSMA Tensions arose in the X-ray department of the Philips research laboratory during the interwar period, caused by the interplay es.oxfordjournals.org among technological development, organizational culture, and in- dividual behavior. This article traces the efforts of Philips researchers to find a balance between their professional goals and status and the company’s strategy. The X-ray research, overseen by Gilles Holst, the laboratory’s director, and Albert Bouwers, the group leader for the X-ray department, was a financial failure despite at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam on April 6, 2011 technological successes. Nevertheless, Bouwers was able to con- tinue his X-ray research, having gained the support of company owner Anton Philips. The narrative of the X-ray department allows us to explore not only the personal tensions between Holst and Enterprise & Society 4 (March 2003): 65–98. 2003 by the Business History Conference. All rights reserved. KEES BOERSMA is assistant professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Contact information: Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]. Iamindebted to Ben van Gansewinkel, staff member of the Philips Company Archives (Eindhoven, the Netherlands) and the staff members of the Algemeen Rijks Archief (The Hague, the Netherlands), the Schenectady Museum Archives (Schenectady, New York), and the
    [Show full text]