DOCSLIB.ORG

Δ13c Values of C3 Herbaceous Plants and Their Relationships With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Δ13c Values of C3 Herbaceous Plants and Their Relationships With Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment___________________________________ Vol.17 (4) April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Environ. 13 δ C Values of C3 herbaceous plants and their relationships with humidity indexes in arid and humid climatic regions in northern China Liu X. Z.1, 2, 3* and Wang C. Z.3 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Institute of Water and Soil Conservation， Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, CHINA 2. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, CHINA 3. College of Geography and Planning，Ludong University，Yantai 264025，CHINA *[email protected] Abstract Keywords: Arid and humid climate zones, C3 herbaceous By measuring the stable carbon isotopes of C3 plants, carbon isotope, humidity index, northern China. herbaceous plants and collecting the carbon isotope data of vegetation in northern China, such data as the Introduction geographic locations and climate factors of 47 Global warming and CO2 concentration enrichment exerted sampling sites (33 of which were measured in this a deep influence to the physiology and ecological process of plants1-2. The complicated relationships between plants study) and carbon isotope of 325 plant samples (217 and climatic environmental factors can be reflected by the of which were measured in this study) were obtained. stable carbon isotope (δ13C) in plant tissues, as the carbon In addition, the humidity indexes in different climatic isotope carried a lot of information reflecting the plants’ zones in northern China were calculated and environmental changes in the past, which was consequently 13 moreover the spatial features of δ C values of C3 used to extract the climatic change information such as herbaceous plants and their relationships with temperature, humidity and precipitation or to reconstruct environmental factors such as humidity indexes were the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment3-6. Currently, 13 analyzed. Within the research scope, the δ13C values relationships between δ C compositions of vegetations and environmental factors in northern China have been studied of C3 herbaceous plants in northern China ranged 7-15 from –29.9 ‰ to –25.4 ‰, with the average value of – by researchers at home and abroad ; however, most studies are limited to a certain single climatic or 27.3‰. The average δ13C value of C herbaceous 3 environmental factor, such as air temperature, precipitation plants increased notably from the semi-humid zone to (soil moisture), or altitude and few studies have been the semi-arid zone to the arid zone; the variation conducted on the relationships between δ13C values of 13 ranges of δ C values of C3 plants in the above three plants and humidity indexes in northern China which can climatic zones were –29.9‰ to –26.7‰ (semi-humid comprehensively reflect the water heat balance. area), –28.4 ‰ to –25.6‰ (semiarid area) and –28.0 ‰ to –25.4 ‰ (arid area), respectively. Temperature and precipitation are two decisive factors affecting plant growth and vegetation distribution and Simple regression analysis showed that differences hence affect the stable carbon isotope compositions of 13 plants. As for plants, temperature can affect their carbon existed in the relationship between δ C values of C3 herbaceous plants and humidity indexes. In the semi- isotope fractionation via the change in biochemical reaction speed during the photosynthesis process (such as the arid zone, semi-humid zone and overall northern 13 activity of enzymes participating in photosynthesis) and the area, δ C values of C3 herbaceous plants showed stomatal conductance of leaves. There are some studies obvious linear negative correlation to humidity showing that carbon isotope values of C3 plants were indexes (P < 0.05). With the increase of humidity negatively correlated to temperature rise16-20 while there are 13 indexes, the average δ C value of C3 herbaceous even more studies indicating that positive correlation plants tended to decrease to different extents. In the existed between carbon isotope and temperature21-24. Still, arid zone, however, linear positive correlation existed there are some other studies suggesting that the above two 13 25 between the δ C values of C3 herbaceous plants and factors were not remarkably correlated . the humidity indexes (P < 0.05). With every 0.1 increase in the humidity index, the average δ13C value In addition to differences in ecological and physiological processes of different plant species and genetic increased significantly by 1.3 ‰. Annual average characteristics, the uncertainty regarding the relationship temperature may be the main reason for the 13 between δ C values of C3 plants and temperature may differences in humidity indexes of the sampling sites relate to the difficulty in distinguishing the influence and 13 and for the C fractionation abilities of C3 degree of influence of environmental factors such as herbaceous plants in arid area. precipitation and lighting to the δ13C values, as well as the *Author for Correspondence interaction of various factors. Besides being controlled by (2) Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment___________________________________ Vol.17 (4) April (2013) Res. J. Chem. Environ. the carbon physiological metabolism process by itself, δ13C and 2009. All the sampling sites chosen were flat, broad, values of plants are also greatly affected due to the bright and distant from villages to avoid human activity and combined effects of various environmental factors. micro relief influence on plant isotopes. The collected samples were all from growing plants. They were either the Farquhar et al26 stated that precipitation, as an important dominant species in the local area or plants collected in the environmental factor, cannot be ignored regarding its three climatic zones to obtain spatial variations of carbon influence on the δ13C values of plants. For example, carbon isotope compositions of the same plant species. Upon isotope values often decrease with the increase of sampling, the number of the same plant species collected in precipitation26-28; no doubt that there are also some studies a sampling site could not be less than 5 to 7 plants. obtaining results opposite to such changing law29. Depending on the number of leaves of each species, the Therefore, if the interference of precipitation cannot be same number of leaves were collected from each plant and eliminated, uncertainties would exist in the relationship then mixed together as a sample for this species. between δ13C values and environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature, resulting in unreliable After the samples were washed with water and air dried reconstruction of paleoclimate, extraction of paleoecology naturally, they were oven-dried at 70°C for 48 hours and information and explanation of stable carbon isotopic were then ground and screened through the 80 mesh sieve composition30. From the above, it is important to establish into samples. Finally, 3-5 mg of the samples was put into a rational relationships between the δ13C values of plants and vacuum combustion tube with catalysts and oxidants added compound humidity and temperature indexes which can and were then fired at a temperature of 1020°C while CO2 comprehensively reflect air temperature and precipitation was produced. After being transformed by an element and apply the results to the inversion of paleoclimate, analyzer (Flash EA1112), the samples were placed on a paleoenvironment and prediction of future trends. Delta Plus XP in College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University to measure the plant carbon The humidity index comprehensively describes the water isotope value. Each sample was measured 3-5 times as heat balance conditions and quantitatively reflects the above. The measurement error was ±0.15‰ and the 13 influences of meteorological factors such as air temperature analysis results were expressed by δ CPDB. and precipitation to the dry and wet features in a certain area which not only includes water balance, but also the In addition, the corresponding latitude, longitude and variation of ground energy based on temperature and hence altitude of the sampling sites were all measured by the reflects the interactive action of water heat balance. So far, global positioning system (Magellan GPS Field PRO however, there are rare reports which combined climatic VTM，California). The meteorological data were obtained 13 humidity indexes and δ C values. from meteorological stations near the sampling sites or from the Natural Resource Database of the Institute of Northern China is a region with a fragile ecological Geographical Sciences and Resource (http://www.natural environment and serious land desertification. The resources csdb.cn/index.asp), the Meteorological Science vegetative ecosystem is an obvious indicator of climatic Data Sharing Service Network (http://cdc.cma. gov.cn/ changes. Based on the stable carbon isotope results of shishi/ climate.jsp) and the Meteorological Reference plants in northern China reported at home and abroad, Office of National Meteorological Information Centre. The through field survey, sampling and laboratory test, the meteorological data obtained from the above sources humidity indexes of different sampling sites were included the annual average temperature and annual 13 calculated and the spatial features of δ C compositions of average precipitation from 1971 to 2008 and the average air C3 herbaceous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands
    The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Christmas, Sakura. 2016. The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840708 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands A dissertation presented by Sakura Marcelle Christmas to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 Sakura Marcelle Christmas All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Ian Jared Miller Sakura Marcelle Christmas The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands ABSTRACT This dissertation traces one of the origins of the autonomous region system in the People’s Republic of China to the Japanese imperial project by focusing on Inner Mongolia in the 1930s. Here, Japanese technocrats demarcated the borderlands through categories of ethnicity and livelihood. At the center of this endeavor was the perceived problem of nomadic decline: the loss of the region’s deep history of transhumance to Chinese agricultural expansion and capitalist extraction.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Patterns of Desertification Dynamics And
    sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Patterns of Desertification Dynamics and Desertification Effects on Ecosystem Services in the Mu Us Desert in China Qingfu Liu 1,†, Yanyun Zhao 1,†, Xuefeng Zhang 1,2, Alexander Buyantuev 3 ID , Jianming Niu 1,* and Xiaojiang Wang 4,* 1 School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; [email protected] (Q.L.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (X.Z.) 2 College of Resources and Environment, Baotou Normal College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, China 3 Department of Geography and Planning, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA; [email protected] 4 Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot 010010, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.N.); [email protected] (X.W.); Tel.: +86-471-499-2735 (J.N.) † These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Received: 30 December 2017; Accepted: 23 February 2018; Published: 26 February 2018 Abstract: Degradation of semi-arid and arid ecosystems due to desertification is arguably one of the main obstacles for sustainability in those regions. In recent decades, the Mu Us Desert in China has experienced such ecological degradation making quantification of spatial patterns of desertification in this area an important research topic. We analyzed desertification dynamics for seven periods from 1986 to 2015 and focused on five ecosystem services including soil conservation, water retention, net primary productivity (NPP), crop productivity, and livestock productivity, all assessed for 2015. Furthermore, we examined how ecosystem services relate to each other and are impacted by desertification.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Responses of Carbon Isotope Ratios of C3 Herbs to Humidity Index in Northern China*
    Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci (2014) 23: 100-111 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/yer-1305-2 Responses of carbon isotope ratios of C3 herbs to humidity index in northern China* 1,2,3, 2 2 2 1 Xianzhao LIU *, Qing SU , Chaokui LI , Yong ZHANG , Qing WANG 1 College of Geography and Planning, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China 2 College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China 3 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, P.R. China Received: 04.05.2013 Accepted: 02.09.2013 Published Online: 01.01.2014 Printed: 15.01.2014 Abstract: Uncertainties would exist in the relationship between δ13C values and environmental factors such as temperature, resulting in unreliable reconstruction of paleoclimates. It is therefore important to establish a rational relationship between plant δ13C and a proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction that can comprehensively reflect temperature and precipitation. By measuring the δ13C of a large 13 number of C3 herbaceous plants growing in different climate zones in northern China and collecting early reported δ C values of C3 13 herbs in this study area, the spatial features of δ C values of C3 herbs and their relationships with humidity index were analyzed. The 13 δ C values of C3 herbaceous plants in northern China ranged from –29.9‰ to –25.4‰, with the average value of –27.3‰. The average 13 δ C value of C3 herbaceous plants increased notably from the semihumid zone to the semiarid zone to the arid zone; the variation 13 ranges of δ C values of C3 plants in those 3 climatic zones were –29.9‰ to –26.7‰ (semihumid area), –28.4‰ to –25.6‰ (semiarid 13 area), and –28.0‰ to –25.4‰ (arid area).
    [Show full text]
  • Frontier Boomtown Urbanism: City Building in Ordos Municipality, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2001-2011
    Frontier Boomtown Urbanism: City Building in Ordos Municipality, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2001-2011 By Max David Woodworth A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor You-tien Hsing, Chair Professor Richard Walker Professor Teresa Caldeira Professor Andrew F. Jones Fall 2013 Abstract Frontier Boomtown Urbanism: City Building in Ordos Municipality, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2001-2011 By Max David Woodworth Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Berkeley Professor You-tien Hsing, Chair This dissertation examines urban transformation in Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, between 2001 and 2011. The study is situated in the context of research into urbanization in China as the country moved from a mostly rural population to a mostly urban one in the 2000s and as urbanization emerged as a primary objective of the state at various levels. To date, the preponderance of research on Chinese urbanization has produced theory and empirical work through observation of a narrow selection of metropolitan regions of the eastern seaboard. This study is instead a single-city case study of an emergent center for energy resource mining in a frontier region of China. Intensification of coalmining in Ordos coincided with coal-sector reforms and burgeoning demand in the 2000s, which fueled rapid growth in the local economy during the study period. Urban development in a setting of rapid resource-based growth sets the frame in this study in terms of “frontier boomtown urbanism.” Urban transformation is considered in its physical, political, cultural, and environmental dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Sheep in Inner Mongolia Province, China
    Parasite 27, 11 (2020) Ó X. Yan et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020008 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in Inner Mongolia Province, China Xinlei Yan1,a,*, Wenying Han1,a, Yang Wang1, Hongbo Zhang2, and Zhihui Gao3 1 Food Science and Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China 2 Inner Mongolia Food Safety and Inspection Testing Center, Hohhot 010090, PR China 3 Inner Mongolia KingGoal Technology Service Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, PR China Received 6 January 2020, Accepted 8 February 2020, Published online 19 February 2020 Abstract – Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, and infection may result in many adverse effects on animal husbandry production. Animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia is well developed, but data on T. gondii infection in sheep are lacking. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A total of 1853 serum samples were collected from 29 counties of Xilin Gol League (n = 624), Hohhot City (n = 225), Ordos City (n = 158), Wulanchabu City (n = 144), Bayan Nur City (n = 114) and Hulunbeir City (n = 588). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 15.43%. Risk factor analysis showed that seroprevalence was higher in sheep 12 months of age (21.85%) than that in sheep <12 months of age (10.20%) (p < 0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Human Brucellosis Occurrences in Inner Mongolia, China: a Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Ecological Niche Modeling Approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2
    Jia and Joyner BMC Infectious Diseases (2015) 15:36 DOI 10.1186/s12879-015-0763-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Human brucellosis occurrences in inner mongolia, China: a spatio-temporal distribution and ecological niche modeling approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2 Abstract Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations worldwide. Few geographic studies of human Brucellosis have been conducted, especially in China. Inner Mongolia of China is considered an appropriate area for the study of human Brucellosis due to its provision of a suitable environment for animals most responsible for human Brucellosis outbreaks. Methods: The aggregated numbers of human Brucellosis cases from 1951 to 2005 at the municipality level, and the yearly numbers and incidence rates of human Brucellosis cases from 2006 to 2010 at the county level were collected. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were integrated to study the distribution of human Brucellosis cases over 1951–2010. Results: Results indicate that areas of central and eastern Inner Mongolia provide a long-term suitable environment where human Brucellosis outbreaks have occurred and can be expected to persist. Other areas of northeast China and central Mongolia also contain similar environments. Conclusions: This study is the first to combine advanced spatial statistical analysis with environmental modeling techniques when examining human Brucellosis outbreaks and will help to inform decision-making in the field of public health. Keywords: Brucellosis, Geographic information systems, Remote sensing technology, Ecological niche modeling, Spatial analysis, Inner Mongolia, China, Mongolia Background through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products Brucellosis, a common zoonotic disease also referred to [4].
    [Show full text]
  • New Horizons Towards Three Rock-Cut Tombs (13Th – 14Th CE) from Northwest Iran Amin Moradi, Behruz Omrani ………………………………………………………...……
    Archive of SID THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES Volume 27, Issue 2 (2020), Pages 1-89 Director-in-Charge: Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Associate Professor of Archaeology Editor-in-Chief: Masoud Ghaffari, Associate Professor of Political Science Guest-editor: Seyed Alireza Hosseini Beheshti, Assistant Professor of Political Science Managing Editors: Shahin Aryamanesh, PhD of Archaeology, Tissaphernes Archaeological Research Group English Edit by: Ahmad Shakil, PhD Published by Tarbiat Modares University Editorial board: Ehsani, Mohammad; Professor of Sport Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ghaffari, Masoud; Associate Professor of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hafezniya, Mohammadreza; Professor in Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Khodadad Hosseini, Seyed Hamid; Professor in Business, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Kiyani, Gholamreza; Associate Professor of Language & Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Manouchehri, Abbas; Professor of Political science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ahmadi, Hamid; Professor of Political science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Karimi Doostan, Gholam Hosein; Professor of Linguistics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mousavi Haji, Seyed Rasoul; Professor of Archaeology, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran Yousefifar, Shahram; Professor of History, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Karimi Motahar, Janallah; Professor of Russian Language, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mohammadifar, Yaghoub; Professor of Archaeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran The International Journal of Humanities is one of the TMU Press journals that is published by the responsibility of its Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board in the determined scopes. The International Journal of Humanities is mainly devoted to the publication of original research, which brings fresh light to bear on the concepts, processes, and consequences of humanities in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Degradation Monitoring in the Ordos Plateau of China Using an Expert Knowledge and BP-ANN-Based Approach
    Article Land Degradation Monitoring in the Ordos Plateau of China Using an Expert Knowledge and BP-ANN-Based Approach Yaojie Yue 1,2,*, Min Li 1, A-xing Zhu 3,4,5, Xinyue Ye 6, Rui Mao 2, Jinhong Wan 7 and Jin Dong 8 1 School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; [email protected] 4 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application and School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China 5 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 6 Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA; [email protected] 7 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] 8 Bureau of Land and Resources, Feicheng 271600, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-5880-7454 (ext. 1632) Academic Editor: Yu-Pin Lin Received: 26 September 2016; Accepted: 8 November 2016; Published: 13 November 2016 Abstract: Land degradation monitoring is of vital importance to provide scientific information for promoting sustainable land utilization. This paper presents an expert knowledge and BP-ANN-based approach to detect and monitor land degradation in an effort to overcome the deficiencies of image classification and vegetation index-based approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Mongolia
    Access China Inner Mongolia August 2012 Room 801-802 Tower B Gemdale Plaza No. 91 Jianguo Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100022 China Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For 60 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit delivers its information in four ways: through its digital portfolio, where the latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Economist Intelligence Unit Economist Intelligence Unit 26 Red Lion Square The Economist Group London 750 Third Avenue WC1R 4HQ 5th Floor United Kingdom New York, NY 10017, US Tel: (44.20) 7576 8000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Fax: (44.20) 7576 8500 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Hong Kong Geneva Economist Intelligence Unit Economist Intelligence Unit 60/F, Central Plaza Boulevard des Tranchées 16 18 Harbour Road 1206 Geneva Wanchai Switzerland Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2585 3888 Tel: (41) 22 566 2470 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 Fax: (41) 22 346 93 47 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] This report can be accessed electronically as soon as it is published by visiting store.eiu.com or by contacting a local sales representative. The whole report may be viewed in PDF format, or can be navigated section-by-section by using the HTML links.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of the V/Orking Class
    A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS 8 May 4, 1987 Role of the V/orking Class A Look at the Taiwan Situation A Courtyard Photo by Li Jiangshu BeijingR^vir HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK VOL. .•^0. NO. 18 MAY 4. 1987 ^,sS ii NOfMt^FROM THE EDiTOftS 4 Workers" Viuii Interests Protected E^nStTS/TREN DS 5-9 Shows Closer Sino-Czecho- !*nvak Tics p. 14 p. 26 Concern Over Sino-Indian Border W^kers' Congress Plays Bigger Protecting Workers' Vital Interests Role Water Scarcit> Checks Develop- • Protecting workers' rights remains an important task for ment China's trade unions which, in the last few years, have helped Rcwi Alky: 60th Year in China defend workers' material and cultural needs. With their vital Marked interests protected, the workers will work harder, take a more > Private Businesses Have a Vital active part in reform and thus contribute more to socialist / Bearing modernization (p. 4). Weekly Chronicle (April 20-26) tMTenNATIONAL Inner Mongolia: 40 Years of Regional Autonomy PLO: An Important Step Towards Linity • Founded May 1, 1947 Inner Mongolia is China's first i Indonesia: C}olkars Expect Land• minority nationality autonomous region. In 40 years it has slide Victory made great strides in industry, agriculture and animal Argentina: 'Democracy !s Not husbandry. Chairman Buhe writes on the region's . Negotiable' achievements, problems and future plans. Our correspondent USSR-FRG: Spring Thaws Bilateral reports from Hohhot on the workings of regional autonomy, Relations (p. 14). Inner MtHtgotld: China's First iMitonomoas Reglcm 40 Years Old M A Close Look at Taiwan.
    [Show full text]