DOCSLIB.ORG

Poverty Rate in Tunisia: by Location and Year (%)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poverty Rate in Tunisia: by Location and Year (%) GLOBAL ECONOMY & DEVELOPMENT WORKING PAPER 71 | FEBRUARY 2014 Global Economy and Development at BROOKINGS PROMOTING INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN ARAB COUNTRIES RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INEQUALITY IN TUNISIA Mongi Boughzala Mohamed Tlili Hamdi Global Economy and Development at BROOKINGS Mongi Boughzala is a professor of economics at the University of Tunis El Manar. Mohamed Tlili Hamdi is an associate professor of eco- nomics at the University of Sfax in Tunisia. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank all of those in Sidi Bouzid and Le Kef who provided us with precious data and information. We also thank Hafez Ghanem and Michael Rettig for their excellent comments on earlier versions of the paper. We also benefited from discussions with the people we met at the workshops on regional development organized by the GIZ in Sidi Bouzid and le Kef. Abstract: Regional disparities and inequality between the rural and the urban areas in Tunisia have been persistently large and perceived as a big injustice. The main regions that did not receive an equitable share from the country’s eco- nomic growth, as compared to the coastal regions that are highly urbanized, are the predominantly rural western regions. Their youth often have to migrate to the cities to look for work and most of them end up with low-paying and frustrating jobs in the informal sector. The more educated among them face a very uncertain outlook and the highest rate of unemployment. This bias is strongest for female workers and university graduates living in the poor rural regions. The purpose of this paper is to study the underlying causes and factors of these dispari- ties and to discuss policies and measures that may allow these regions to benefit from faster and more inclusive growth. Regional disparities do not mean that Tunisia’s rural regions remain totally backwards or that nothing has been achieved in the poorer regions. Actually, over the previous five decades various governmental programs and projects were implemented in these regions—in particular in the area of education. But the government efforts in the western regions were much less substantive than they were in the rest of the country, and little was done to develop modern non-agricultural economic activities. Moreover, while the democratization of education was not successful in ensuring job growth, it was critical in raising the level of awareness about regional disparities and the urban/rural economic gap. Inadequate government investment is not the only factor responsible for Tunisia’s rural poverty. The scarcity of natural resources (mainly water), the distribution of land and the limited access to financial resources are among the other important structural economic constraints facing agricultural development. Two regions are studied in more detail, namely Sidi Bouzid in the midwest and Le Kef in the northwest. We also give an overview of best international practices and the literature on economic development, with a focus on the case of South Korea and Taiwan in order to draw relevant lessons. We argue that, while it is possible to boost productivity and income for the rural population in Tunisia’s poor regions, improving productivity in agriculture is part of the solution. However, it cannot ensure a decent liveli- hood for all of Tunisia’s rural population, in particular for the impoverished Tunisians that own small farms or are almost landless. Regional development requires major structural reforms and strategies and comprehensive government-initiated programs operated within a holistic framework that combines public and private interven- tions. In the case of some regions with limited resources, such as Sidi Bouzid, this will not be sufficient; inevitably, rural to urban exodus and migration to other regions will continue. Politically, this may be hard to accept and to include in political agendas. CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Regional and Rural Development and Disparities in Tunisia: An Overview . 4 Unequal Progress and Development . 4 Income Inequality and Poverty . 8 Development Challenges and Potential in Two Tunisian Rural Governorates: Le Kef and Sidi Bouzid . 12 Sidi Bouzid . 12 Fairly Effective Rural Development Programs and Forgotten Youth . 12 Natural Resources . 14 Government Services . 18 Le Kef . .. 20 Population and Labor Force Capacities . 21 Rural and Agricultural Development in Le Kef . .. 24 Development Institutions and the ODESYPANO Experience . 28 Lessons from International Experiences . 31 Alternative Policies and Recommendations . 34 References . 35 Endnotes . 36 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Tunisia’s Labor Force by Level of Education, 1966-2011 (% of total labor force) . 5 Table 2: Tunisia’s Labor Force by Region and Level of Education, 2010 (Number of People) . 5 Table 3: Tunisia’s Labor Force by Region and Level of Education, 2010 (%) . 5 Table 4: Tunisians’ Access to Basic Infrastructure by Year (% total population) . 6 Table 5: Distribution of Industrial Activities by Region (enterprises with more than 10 employees) 6 Table 6: Per Capita Consumption in Tunisia by Region, 2010 (2005 Tunisian dinars) . 8 Table 7: Per Capita Consumption in Tunisia by Region (2005 Tunisian dinars) . 8 Table 8: Per Capita Consumption in Tunisia by Urban and Rural (2005 Tunisian dinars) . 9 Table 9: Poverty Rate in Tunisia: By Location and Year (%). 9 Table 10: Poverty Rate in Tunisia: By Region and Year (%) . 9 Table 11: Unemployment Rate in Tunisia by Region and Education Level, 2010 (%) . 11 Table 12: Irrigated Land in Tunisia, 1995-2012 (hectares) . 14 Table 13: Water Resources in Sidi Bouzid . 15 Table 14: Distribution of Farm Land in Sidi Bouzid, 1994-2004 . .. 17 Table 15: Distribution of Irrigated Land in Sidi Bouzid by Size of the Holdings, 2005 . 17 Table 16: Labor Force by Education Level in Sidi Bouzid, 2010 (%) . 19 Table 17: Farmers by Education Level in Sidi Bouzid, 2005 (%) . 19 Table 18: Farmers by Education Level in Tunisia, 1996 . 19 Table 19: Population Growth of Le Kef, 2007-2012. 21 Table 20: Labor Participation and Unemployment in Le Kef, 2007-2012 . 23 Table 21: Unemployment Rates of Youth and Women in Le Kef, 2010 (%) . 24 Table 22: Land Distribution by Farming Mode in le Kef and Sidi Bouzid, 2005 (holdings) . 26 Table 23: Distribution of Holdings by Size in le Kef, 2005 . 26 Table 24: Agricultural Debt in Le Kef, 2007 (thousands of Tunisian dinars) . 28 Table 25: Water Resources and their Use in Le Kef, 2012 (Mm3) . .. 29 Table 26: Water Erosion in Le Kef, 2003 . 29 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Geographic Concentration of Tunisia’s Employment Opportunities, 2010 . 7 Figure 2: Poverty Rate in Tunisia: By Region and Year (%) . 10 Figure 3: Map of Sidi Bouzid Governorate, Tunisia . 13 Figure 4: Distribution of Irrigated Land and Major Aquifers in Sidi Bouzid . 16 Figure 5: Map of Le Kef Governorate, Tunisia . 20 Figure 6: Population Growth of Le Kef, 2007-2012 . 22 Figure 7: Decreasing Unemployment in Le Kef, 2007-2012 (% total population) .. 23 Figure 8: Distribution of Holdings by Size, 2012 (%) . 27 PROMOTING INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN ARAB COUNTRIES RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INEQUALITY IN TUNISIA Mongi Boughzala and Mohamed Tlili Hamdi INTRODUCTION offers only low-productivity and low-pay employment. As a result, the per capita income in these regions is The January 2011 uprising in Tunisia was about jobs around half that of the wealthiest regions, and the and justice for all regions of the country. Although poverty rate is three times higher. some indicators suggest that overall inequality and poverty have decreased in Tunisia over the last five de- Although Tunisia has made some important progress cades and that the size of the middle class has grown, building women’s rights, gender bias is another seri- by 2011 regional disparities and inequality between the ous concern that is more prevalent in rural areas. rural and the urban areas had become unacceptable. However, there are many promising statistics too. Regional disparities have been persistently large in Girls have equal access to schools at all levels and in Tunisia and perceived as a big injustice. The country’s basically all regions. The absolute number of female rural regions, mostly located in the western part of the students has outgrown that of males. And more than country, did not receive an equitable share of benefits 60 percent of university graduates are females. Yet from the country’s economic growth as compared to the rate of female participation in the labor force re- the coastal regions. Some areas have benefited very mains low. Only 26 percent of Tunisian females partici- little. Youth originating from the poor rural areas of- pated in the country’s labor market in 2011, compared ten have to migrate to the cities to look for work and to 70 percent of males. The female unemployment most of them end up with low-paying and frustrating rate is also much higher—nearly twice the rate for jobs in the informal sector. The more educated among males—and when employed, they often receive lower them feel even more politically and economically ex- pay. This bias is strongest for female workers and uni- cluded, because they face a very uncertain outlook versity graduates living in the poor rural regions in the and the highest rate of unemployment. west of the country. Female participation in agricul- tural employment is relatively high, but such employ- Tunisia’s poorer regions are predominantly rural and ment is most often unpaid family work or seasonal their economies are much less diversified. Agriculture work with the lowest wages in the country. remains the main economic sector in these areas and PROMOTING INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN ARAB COUNTRIES: RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INEQUALITY IN TUNISIA 1 Leading up to the 2011 uprising, these disparities What then is to be done to provide new opportunities strengthened the sentiment of exclusion, injustice for the people of these primarily rural regions? And and discrimination felt among Tunisians from the what are the appropriate policies and measures that predominantly rural regions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Les Projets D'assainissement Inscrit S Au Plan De Développement
    1 Les Projets d’assainissement inscrit au plan de développement (2016-2020) Arrêtés au 31 octobre 2020 1-LES PRINCIPAUX PROJETS EN CONTINUATION 1-1 Projet d'assainissement des petites et moyennes villes (6 villes : Mornaguia, Sers, Makther, Jerissa, Bouarada et Meknassy) : • Assainissement de la ville de Sers : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés (mise en eau le 12/08/2016); * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés. - Assainissement de la ville de Bouarada : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2016. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : les travaux sont achevés. - Assainissement de la ville de Meknassy * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2016. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés. • Makther: * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2018. * Travaux complémentaires des réseaux d’assainissement : travaux en cours 85% • Jerissa: * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés et réceptionnés le 12/09/2014 ; * Réseaux d’assainissement : travaux achevés (Réception provisoire le 25/09/2017). • Mornaguia : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés Composantes du Reliquat : * Assainissement de la ville de Borj elamri : • Tranche 1 : marché résilié, un nouvel appel d’offres a été lancé, travaux en cours de démarrage. 1 • Tranche2 : les travaux de pose de conduites sont achevés, reste le génie civil de la SP Taoufik et quelques boites de branchement (problème foncier). * Acquisition de 4 centrifugeuses : Fourniture livrée et réceptionnée en date du 19/10/2018 ; * Matériel d’exploitation: Matériel livré et réceptionné ; * Renforcement et réhabilitation du réseau dans la ville de Meknassy : travaux achevés et réceptionnés le 11/02/2019.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2020 Contract Pipeline
    OFFICIAL USE No Country DTM Project title and Portfolio Contract title Type of contract Procurement method Year Number 1 2021 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways SupervisionRehabilitation Contract of Tirana-Durres for Rehabilitation line and ofconstruction the Durres of- Tirana a new Railwaylink to TIA Line and construction of a New Railway Line to Tirana International Works Open 2 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Airport Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 3 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Asset Management Plan and Track Access Charges Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 4 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Albania: Tourism-led Model For Local Economic Development Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 5 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Infrastructure and Tourism Enabling Programme: Gender and Economic Inclusion Programme Manager Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 6 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Rehabilitation of Vlore - Orikum Road (10.6 km) Works Open 2022 7 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Upgrade of Zgosth - Ura e Cerenecit road Section (47.1km) Works Open 2022 8 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Works supervision Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 9 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity PIU support Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 10 Albania 51908 Kesh Floating PV Project Design, build and operation of the floating photovoltaic plant located on Vau i Dejës HPP Lake Works Open 2021 11 Albania 51908
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia 2019 Human Rights Report
    TUNISIA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tunisia is a constitutional republic with a multiparty, unicameral parliamentary system and a president with powers specified in the constitution. During the year the country held parliamentary and presidential elections in the first transition of power since its first democratic elections in 2014. On October 6, the country held open and competitive parliamentary elections that resulted in the Nahda Party winning a plurality of the votes, granting the party the opportunity to form a new government. President Kais Saied, an independent candidate without a political party, came to office on October 23 after winning the country’s second democratic presidential elections. On July 25, President Caid Essebsi died of natural causes and power transferred to Speaker of Parliament Mohamed Ennaceur as acting president for the three months prior to the election of President Saied on October 13. The Ministry of Interior holds legal authority and responsibility for law enforcement. The ministry oversees the National Police, which has primary responsibility for law enforcement in the major cities, and the National Guard (gendarmerie), which oversees border security and patrols smaller towns and rural areas. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Significant human rights issues included reports of unlawful or arbitrary killings, primarily by terrorist groups; allegations of torture by government agents, which reportedly decreased during the year; arbitrary arrests and detentions of suspects under antiterrorism or emergency laws; undue restrictions on freedom of expression and the press, including criminalization of libel; corruption, although the government took steps to combat it; societal violence and threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and criminalization of consensual same-sex sexual conduct that resulted in arrests and abuse by security forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Halepensis Mill.) Stands in Northern Africa Be Oriented Towards Wood Or Seed and Cone Production? Diagnosis and Current Potentiality
    Review Article ii FF o o r r e e s s t t doi: 10.3832/ifor2965-012 Biogeosciences and Forestry vol. 12, pp. 297-305 Should the silviculture of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands in northern Africa be oriented towards wood or seed and cone production? Diagnosis and current potentiality Wahbi Jaouadi (1-2), The aim of this work is to review studies on the silviculture of Aleppo pine (Pi- Souheila Naghmouchi (3), nus halepensis Mill.) in North Africa and the Mediterranean basin over a period (4) of 50 years. The study presents a synthesis of: (i) silviculture; (ii) wood pro- Moodi Alsubeie ductivity and growth; (iii) cone and seed production; and (vi) the socio-eco- nomic role of Aleppo pine. The results show that the production of the Aleppo pine is enhanced by the potential of the site, which is closely related to the bioclimatic stage and soil fertility. For instance, production increased from 0.4 to 4 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in an Aleppo pine stand with a dominant height varying be- tween 9.7 and 22.8 m. Previous studies confirmed that the average maximum volume in annual growth of Aleppo pine is 3.3 m3 ha-1 yr-1 for 40-year old stands at good-fertility sites. The lowest values (<0.5 m3 ha-1 yr-1) were recorded for the fourth and last class of productivity in >100-year old stands. There is high demand for Aleppo pine seeds in North Africa, making their pro- duction profitable, and this represents an important sector for the sustainable development and improvement of living-standards of the local populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Higher Education Institutions (Higher Education and Research) Vv
    Ministry of Higher Education www.universites.tn Directory of Higher Education Institutions (Higher Education and Research) Updated : July 2006 vv Document realized by « le Bureau de Communication Numérique » of the Ministry of Higher Education This document can be downloaded at this address : http://www.universites.tn/annuaire_ang.pdf Summary - Ez-zitouna University ......................................... 1 - Tunis University ................................................ 2 - Tunis El Manar University .................................... 4 - University of 7-November at Carthage .................. 6 - La Manouba University ........................................ 9 - Jendouba University ........................................... 11 - Sousse University .............................................. 12 - Monastir University ............................................ 14 - Kairouan University ........................................... 16 - Sfax University ................................................. 17 - Gafsa University ................................................ 19 - Gabes University ............................................... 20 - Virtual University ............................................... 22 - Higher Institutes of Technological Studies ............. 23 - Higher Institutes of Teacher Training .................... 26 Ez-Zitouna University Address : 21, rue Sidi Abou El Kacem Jelizi - Place Maakel Ezzaïm - President : Salem Bouyahia Tunis - 1008 General Secretary : Abdelkarim Louati Phone : 71 575 937 / 71 575
    [Show full text]
  • S.No Governorate Cities 1 L'ariana Ariana 2 L'ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 L'ariana Kalâat El-Andalous 4 L'ariana Raoued 5 L'aria
    S.No Governorate Cities 1 l'Ariana Ariana 2 l'Ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 l'Ariana Kalâat el-Andalous 4 l'Ariana Raoued 5 l'Ariana Sidi Thabet 6 l'Ariana La Soukra 7 Béja Béja 8 Béja El Maâgoula 9 Béja Goubellat 10 Béja Medjez el-Bab 11 Béja Nefza 12 Béja Téboursouk 13 Béja Testour 14 Béja Zahret Mediou 15 Ben Arous Ben Arous 16 Ben Arous Bou Mhel el-Bassatine 17 Ben Arous El Mourouj 18 Ben Arous Ezzahra 19 Ben Arous Hammam Chott 20 Ben Arous Hammam Lif 21 Ben Arous Khalidia 22 Ben Arous Mégrine 23 Ben Arous Mohamedia-Fouchana 24 Ben Arous Mornag 25 Ben Arous Radès 26 Bizerte Aousja 27 Bizerte Bizerte 28 Bizerte El Alia 29 Bizerte Ghar El Melh 30 Bizerte Mateur 31 Bizerte Menzel Bourguiba 32 Bizerte Menzel Jemil 33 Bizerte Menzel Abderrahmane 34 Bizerte Metline 35 Bizerte Raf Raf 36 Bizerte Ras Jebel 37 Bizerte Sejenane 38 Bizerte Tinja 39 Bizerte Saounin 40 Bizerte Cap Zebib 41 Bizerte Beni Ata 42 Gabès Chenini Nahal 43 Gabès El Hamma 44 Gabès Gabès 45 Gabès Ghannouch 46 Gabès Mareth www.downloadexcelfiles.com 47 Gabès Matmata 48 Gabès Métouia 49 Gabès Nouvelle Matmata 50 Gabès Oudhref 51 Gabès Zarat 52 Gafsa El Guettar 53 Gafsa El Ksar 54 Gafsa Gafsa 55 Gafsa Mdhila 56 Gafsa Métlaoui 57 Gafsa Moularès 58 Gafsa Redeyef 59 Gafsa Sened 60 Jendouba Aïn Draham 61 Jendouba Beni M'Tir 62 Jendouba Bou Salem 63 Jendouba Fernana 64 Jendouba Ghardimaou 65 Jendouba Jendouba 66 Jendouba Oued Melliz 67 Jendouba Tabarka 68 Kairouan Aïn Djeloula 69 Kairouan Alaâ 70 Kairouan Bou Hajla 71 Kairouan Chebika 72 Kairouan Echrarda 73 Kairouan Oueslatia 74 Kairouan
    [Show full text]
  • Land Injustices, Contestations and Community Protest in the Rural Areas of Sidi Bouzid (Tunisia): the Roots of the “Revolution”?
    7/2015 Land injustices, contestations and community protest in the rural areas of Sidi Bouzid (Tunisia): the roots of the “revolution”? Mathilde Fautras – Doctoral Candidate in géography – Université Paris Ouest Nanterre – MosaÏques-Lavue Abstract This paper shows the links between land inequalities in rural areas and collective actions, through the prism of spatial justice. It is based on the analysis of a social struggle engaged in the region of Sidi Bouzid (Tunisia) in 2009-2010, after the land dispossession of an agricultural producer. The hypothesis is that land issues were implicit in the Ben Ali's regime protests which contributed to his demise in January 2011. Comparing this land dispossession case to the general land access context in the centre of Tunisia helps in underlining the differences between injustice visions, and to understand for what justice the protests took place. These protests alone do not explain the importance of the mobilizations, but they reveal a part of the revolutionnary process’ deep roots. They also call to give these rural and agricultural areas and their inhabitants the place they take up regarding wealth production and socio-political voices. Key words : land injustices, rights, community protest, revolution, Tunisia When Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in front of the headquarters of the Sidi Bouzid governorate on 17 December 2010, 1 his friends and relations and other inhabitants of the region began a protest that spread to other areas and led, a few weeks later, to the resignation of the Tunisian president Z. Ben Ali. Initially, before widening in scope, the slogans and demands focused on access to work, to income, to dignity.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Frequency of Consumption of Wild Edible Plants Over a Year in Central Tunisia: a Mixed-Methods Approach
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CGSpace Public Health Nutrition: page 1 of 13 doi:10.1017/S1368980019003409 Identification and frequency of consumption of wild edible plants over a year in central Tunisia: a mixed-methods approach Marie Claude Dop1,*, Fayçal Kefi2,3, Olfa Karous4, Eric O Verger1, Asma Bahrini5, Zeineb Ghrabi4, Jalila El Ati5, Gina Kennedy6, Céline Termote7 and the MEDINA Study Group† 1NUTRIPASS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, BP64501, F34394 Montpellier, France: 2CIHEAM-IAMM, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France: 3University of Catania, Catania, Italy: 4University of Carthage, INAT (National Agronomy Institute of Tunis), Tunis, Tunisia: 5SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), Tunis, Tunisia: 6Bioversity International, Rome, Italy: 7Bioversity International Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Submitted 3 September 2018: Final revision received 19 June 2019: Accepted 22 July 2019 Abstract Objective: To identify wild plants used as food and assess their frequency of consumption over a year in a region of Tunisia where agriculture is undergoing a major transformation from smallholder farming to an intensive high-input agricultural system. Design: Qualitative ethnobotanical study followed by a survey of women’s frequency of consumption of wild plants conducted using FFQ at quarterly intervals. Setting: Sidi Bouzid governorate of central Tunisia. Participants: Mixed-gender group of key informants (n 14) and focus group participants (n 43). Survey sample of women aged 20–49 years, representative at governorate level (n 584). Results: Ethnobotanical study: thirty folk species of wild edible plants correspond- ing to thirty-five taxa were identified by key informants, while twenty folk species (twenty-five taxa) were described by focus groups as commonly eaten.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Volume I Main Report
    No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY ON THE RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME I MAIN REPORT MARCH 2001 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. TAIYO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. S S S CR (5) 01 – 45 ESTIMATE OF PROJECT COST Estimate of Base Cost：As of December 2000 Price Level Currency Exchange rate：US$1.0 = 1.384TD = JP¥114.75 LIST OF VOLUMES VOLUME I MAIN REPORT VOLEME II SUPPORTING REPORT VOLUME III RAPPORT DE CONCEPTION DÉTAILLÉE ARIANA FAIDA EL AMRINE-SIDI GHRIB ARIANA HMAIEM ESSOUFLA ARIANA TYAYRA BEN AROUS OULED BEN MILED-OULED SAAD BEN AROUS SIDI FREDJ NABEUL SIDI HAMMED ZAGHOUAN JIMLA ZAGHOUAN ROUISSAT BOUGARMINE BIZERTE SMADAH BIZERTE TERGULECHE BEJA EL GARIA BEJA EL GARRAG BEJA FATNASSA JENDOUBA CHOUAOULA JENDOUBA COMPLEXE AEP BARBARA LE KEF CHAAMBA-O.EL ASSEL-HMAIDIA LE KEF M’HAFDHIA-GHRAISSIA KAIROUAN CHELALGA KAIROUAN GUDIFETT KAIROUAN HMIDET KAIROUAN ZGAINIA KASSERINE DAAYSIA KASSERINE HENCHIR TOUNSI KASSERINE OUED LAGSAB KASSERINE SIDI HARRATH-GOUASSEM SIDI BOUZID AMAIRIA SIDI BOUZID BLAHDIA SIDI BOUZID BOUCHIHA SIDI BOUZID MAHROUGA MAHDIA COMPLEXE BOUSSLIM MAHDIA COMPLEXE AITHA GAFSA HENCHIR EDHOUAHER GAFSA KHANGUET ZAMMOUR GAFSA THLEIJIA GABÉS BATEN TRAJMA GABÉS CHAABET EJJAYER GABÉS EZZAHRA MEDENINE BOUGUEDDIMA MEDENINE CHOUAMEKH-R.ENNAGUEB MEDENINE ECHGUIGUIA MEDENINE TARF ELLIL VOLUME IV ÉBAUCHE DES DOCUMENTS D’APPEL D’OFFRES GOUVERNORAT ARIANA GOUVERNORAT BEN AROUS GOUVERNORAT
    [Show full text]
  • Lineaments Extraction from Gravity Data by Automatic
    International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 373-387 doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.23040 Published Online August 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ijg) Lineaments Extraction from Gravity Data by Automatic Lineament Tracing Method in Sidi Bouzid Basin (Central Tunisia): Structural Framework Inference and Hydrogeological Implication Hajer Azaiez1*, Hakim Gabtni1, Imen Bouyahya1, Dorra Tanfous2, Soumaya Haji3, Mourad Bedir1 1Laboratoire de Géoressources, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia 2Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieur de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia 3Laboratoire 3E, Ecole nationale des ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4, Sfax, Tunisia E-mail: [email protected] Received Feburary 2, 2011; revised May 11, 2011; accepted June 24, 2011 Abstract The gravity method may be used in the exploration of deep sedimentary basins. It allows the structuring and the lateral and vertical extent of sedimentary fill to be determined. This study has concerned a qualitative and quantitative gravity analysis of Sidi Bouzid Basin in Central Tunisia. Bouguer anomaly analysis and Gravity data filtering allow us to emphasize the structures affecting the basin. The Automatic Lineament Tracing method helps to quantify the different gravity responses of faults located in the shallow and deep sedimen- tary sections and in the basement. The elaborated structural map of the study area constitutes a useful docu- ment for rationalizing the future groundwater exploration in the arid area of central Tunisia since it shows faults dipping and deep hydrogeologic sub-basin delineation. Keywords: Gravity, Lineaments, Extraction, Tunisia, Hydrogeology 1. Introduction The gravity survey method was selected as the geo- physical method that would give a regional picture of the The Sidi Bouzid Basin, situated in central Tunisia (Fig- subsurface geology before making extensive surveys by ure 1), is characterized by a Mediterranean semi-arid to the seismic reflexion method.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials and Methods
    Vol. 12(29), pp. 4569-4577, 17 July, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.12501 ISSN 1684-5315 ©2013 Academic Journals African Journal of Biotechnology http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Molecular variance of the Tunisian almond germplasm assessed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Hassouna Gouta1*, Elhem Ksia2, Ahmed Mliki3 and Yolanda Gogorcena4 1Department of Genetic Resources and Breeding. Olive Tree Institute. B. P. 1087-3000 Sfax, Tunisia. 2Laboratory of Biology and plants Biotechnology. Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitary, El Manar 1060 Tunis, Tunisia. 3Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Vine. Center of Biotechnology Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901 Hammam-Lif, 2050 Tunisia. 4Departament of Pomology, Experimental Station of Aula Dei (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain. Accepted 12 July, 2013 The genetic variance analysis of 82 almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) genotypes was performed using ten genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 50 genotypes from Tunisia including local landraces identified while prospecting the different sites of Bizerte and Sidi Bouzid (Northern and central parts) which are the most important locations of almond diversity in Tunisia were included. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed for 11 populations from these different regions and foreign countries to examine the distribution of genetic variation of the accessions studied. Results show that the major variation occurred within populations in each geographic site. Additionally, this analysis demonstrates that the genetic diversity within local almond cultivars was important, with a clear geographic distinction between the Northern and the Southern Tunisian cultivars. The value of prospecting new sites, preserving genetic diversity and encouraging on farmers almond collections is also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulmonata, Geomitridae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 712:At 1–27 home (2017) at least: the taxonomic position of some north African Xerocrassa species... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.712.13066 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research At home at least: the taxonomic position of some north African Xerocrassa species (Pulmonata, Geomitridae) Issaad Kawther Ezzine1, Beat Pfarrer2, Najet Dimassi1, Khaled Said1, Eike Neubert2,3 1 LR génétique, biodiversité et valorisation des bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded (B.P 74) Monastir 5000, Tunisia 2 Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastr. 15, CH- 3005 Bern, Switzerland 3 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Corresponding author: Issaad Kawther Ezzine ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ton de Winter | Received 4 April 2017 | Accepted 19 September 2017 | Published 26 October 2017 http://zoobank.org/4B570338-1549-4C6E-9009-F75ED683D946 Citation: Ezzine IK, Pfarrer B, Dimassi N, Said K, Neubert E (2017) At home at least: the taxonomic position of some north African Xerocrassa species (Pulmonata, Geomitridae). ZooKeys 712: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.712.13066 Abstract In order to clarify the systematic position of Helix latastei Letourneux in Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887, and Helix latasteopsis Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887, a comprehensive approach using mor- phological and molecular methods is presented. The investigation of the genital organs of both species showed that they belong to the genus Xerocrassa Monterosato, 1892 with two very small dart sacs and a few tubiform glandulae mucosae. In our phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial markers COI, 16S and the nuclear cluster 5.8-ITS2-28S, the results of the anatomical research were confirmed.
    [Show full text]