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Notitas Sobre Encyclia Hook

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Notitas Sobre Encyclia Hook Desde el Herbario CICY 2: 1–2 (07/Enero/2010) Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY) http://www.cicy.mx/sitios/desde_herbario/ NOTITAS SOBRE ENCYCLIA HOOK. CARLOS LEOPARDI Estudiante de Doctorado, Unidad de Recursos Naturales Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY). Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México [email protected] Encylia deriva de la palabra griega incluido dentro del concepto Epidendrum “εγχυχλεω” que puede traducirse como L. autores como Lindley, Hooker, Cog- “abrazando” y hace referencia a cómo el niaux y Schelchter reconocieron tempra- labelo (un pétalo modificado, típico de las namente que este grupo de plantas eran orquídeas) envuelve a la columna (estruc- muy distintas a lo que es realmente Epi- tura característica de esta familia, que dendrum L., asignándole el grado de sec- deriva de la fusión parcial del androceo y ción y en algunos casos (como Hooker) la el gineceo). Algunas características que categoría de género; sin embargo, el uso permiten diferenciar a Encyclia de otros de criterios taxonómicos difusos que pre- grupos de orquídeas son el que los seudo- dominó durante una parte importante de bulbos usualmente son piriformes y bifo- los siglos XVIII, XIX y XX evitó que liados, las flores suelen ser resupinadas, el fuese hasta principios de los años 60 que labelo trilobulado, generalmente presen- se reconociera a Encyclia Hook. como un tan 4 polinios y rara vez poseen cristales género bien establecido… pero, a esa de flavonoides que precipiten al ser su- época aún habían muchísimos problemas, mergido algún tejido en alcohol. como por ejemplo el hecho de que este Este género de orquídeas está com- taxón estaba integrado por varios grupos puesto por más de 120 especies y se ex- morfológicos claramente distinguibles al tiende desde el norte de Argentina con punto de ser secciones diferentes: Os- especies como Encyclia saltensis Hoehne, mophytum , Leptophyllum , Encyclia y Di- hasta México y Florida, pasando tanto por nema , entre otras; de estos grupos progre- Centroamérica y como por el Caribe, en sivamente se han ido segregando lo que donde hay plantas típicas de cada zona, hoy son conocidos como los géneros como es el caso de Encyclia nizandensis Prosthechea , Euchile , Oestlundia , Micro- Pérez-García & Hágsater o E. rze- epidendrum , Dinema , Hagsatera y dowskiana Soto Arenas para México, de Encyclia s.s. E. fucata (Lindl.) Schltr. para el Caribe Sobre Encyclia s.s. tal y como es cono- (Cuba), etc. cido hoy, se estima que es monofilético, En la Península de Yucatán, ac- sin embargo, al estar las especies muy tualmente se conocen 6 especies de este cercanamente relacionadas la resolución grupo: Encyclia alata (Bateman) Schltr. , de regiones como matK resulta muy po- E. amanda (Ames) Dressler , E. bractes- bre, por lo que actualmente se está tratan- cens (Lindl.) Hoehne , E. guatemalensis do de dilucidar las relaciones filogenéti- (Klotzs.) Dressler & G. E. Pollard , E. cas de las Encyclia Mexicanas con el uso nematocaulon (A. Rich.) Acuña y E. pa- de varias regiones y la inclusión de carac- pillosa (Bateman) Ag.-Olav., de las que teres morfológicos y anatómicos; así se muestra fotografías. mismo se está evaluando el problema de Históricamente este grupo ha generado las especies de amplia distribución tanto mucho interés, y aunque inicialmente fue en México como en el continente, por lo 1 Desde el Herbario CICY 2: 1–2 (07/Enero/2010) Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY) http://www.cicy.mx/sitios/desde_herbario/ que probablemente en otras ediciones de los dimes y diretes del ser o no ser de las Desde el Herbario CICY estemos tratando especies de Encyclia Mexicanas. FIGURAS . A. Encyclia alata (Bateman) Schltr. B. E. amanda (Ames) Dressler. C. E. bractescens (Lindl.) Hoehne. D. E. guatemalensis (Klotzsch) Dressler & G. E. Pollard . E. E. nematocaulon (A. Rich.) Acuña. F. E. papillosa (Bateman) Ag.- Olav. (Imágenes. A-B. Carlos Leopardi; C–F. Germán Carnevali). Palabras clave: Bromeliaceae, Conservación, Historia de la botánica, Orchidaceae. 2 .
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