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Pdf | 715.25 Kb MOZAMBIQUE Food Security Update May 2009 • As the 2008/09 main harvests continue, food security is Figure 1. Current estimated food security generally stable throughout Mozambique, including in areas conditions, May 2009 that were food insecure due to drought during the 2007/08 production season. • Nevertheless, moderate food insecurity is evident in parts of southern Tete and northern Maputo provinces (Figure 1), where poorer households have a limited ability to make up for production losses from poor agroclimatological conditions and pest infestations. Given their low cash incomes, these populations are further constrained by the current above‐ average food prices. • While assessments are being planned to determine the scale of need and appropriate response mechanisms in the country, findings from a FEWS NET/Samaritan’s Purse joint rapid food security assessment in Gaza Region 12‐16 May indicate current moderate food insecurity conditions are particularly worrying in Mabalane District, in Mapai Administrative Post of Chicualacuala District, and parts of central and southern Chigubo District. Harvests for most households in these areas are likely to last only until July, after which assistance will likely be needed. • Prices of food commodities – including maize, groundnuts, beans, and sweet potatoes – are decreasing seasonably, although maize prices are still much higher than last year and the five‐year average. Normally, prices start decreasing in April. Source: FEWS NET This year, however, price decreases were generally delayed by a See www.fews.net/FoodInsecurityScale for more information month due to later harvests. on the FEWS NET food insecurity severity scale. Seasonal calendar and critical events Source: FEWS NET FEWS NET MOZAMBIQUE FEWS NET Washington FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The authors’ views expressed in Av. FPLM, 2698, Maputo 1717 H St NW this publication do not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Tel/fax: 258 21 460588 Washington DC 20006 Agency for International Development or the United States Government. [email protected] [email protected] www.fews.net/mozambique MOZAMBIQUE Food Security Update May 2009 Food security summary While the Technical Secretariat for the Food Security and Nutrition Vulnerability Assessment Group (GAV) is planning for another round of assessments in June, food security appears to be generally stable in most of the country, including in many areas affected by last year’s drought. By the beginning of the upcoming lean season (October), however, low‐income and resource poor households may face food access constraints in some areas, particularly those that are semi‐arid, arid, and remote. Taking into account that the current year follows a period of severe drought in the interior of Gaza, Inhambane, and southern Tete provinces, food security in these areas this year could be affected by: failure of the second season; animal disease outbreaks that prevent animal sales; rapid increases in food prices; a persistent lack of potable water; and/or an extended lean season due to late onset of the 2009/10 rains. FEWS NET’s April‐September 2009 Food Security Outlook highlighted geographic areas that should be closely monitored throughout the consumption year, including the semi‐arid districts of southern Tete and northwest Gaza provinces. In late 2008, these areas were moderately food insecure, a condition that resulted from protracted drought during the 2007/08 production season, and which was compounded by acute water shortages in semi‐arid areas, especially in Chigubo District, Gaza Province. Although not of concern currently, similar conditions are likely to be found later in the year in other semi‐ arid districts in southern and central regions. Given improved but still irregular rainfall in these areas during the 2008/09 production season, the March 2009 VAC assessment also recommended their close monitoring. Given these analyses, FEWS NET and Samaritans Purse carried Figure 2. Districts (in orange) covered by the FEWS out a qualitative rapid food security assessment May 12‐16 in NET/Samaritans Purse joint assessment, 12-16 May Mabalane, Chicualacuala, and Chigubo districts in northwest Gaza Province (Figure 2). The assessment consisted of key informant interviews with district administrative authorities, agriculture authorities, community leaders, farmers, and household representatives. The assessment also included observations from community visits. Assessment findings In general, food security has improved substantially in the three assessed districts of Gaza compared to the same period during the last two years. However, due to irregular rainfall distribution during the 2008/09 production season, continued close monitoring is needed, particularly starting in July, when harvests from these areas begin to run out. Rural households in southern Mozambique are particularly vulnerable to production losses, given their livelihoods, which limit their ability to earn cash income, and general isolation from markets and roads. Unfortunately, as the flow of food from surplus production areas to deficit production areas in Mozambique is inadequate, due to factors including poor market structure, poor access roads, and low purchasing power in deficit production areas, households in these areas are unlikely to be able to turn to markets to reliably source food once their own stocks run out. To cope, they will sell forest products (e.g., firewood, charcoal) and other goods and Source: FEWS NET crafts and begin consuming wild foods. Most families will also receive remittances from relatives in urban areas in South Africa and elsewhere. Poorer households will begin to exchange casual labor in neighboring areas for food, though these sources, too, will likely be limited. Traditionally, in addition to agriculture, livelihoods in the assessed areas also center around livestock breeding. In recent years, the number of livestock in these areas has increased, thanks to government interventions to promote livestock Famine Early Warning Systems Network 2 MOZAMBIQUE Food Security Update May 2009 breeding to facilitate livestock numbers in returning to pre‐civil war levels. Despite increased livestock levels, consumption of livestock to improve food security is uncommon among local communities for cultural reasons, and the main use of these livestock is for sale during acute food insecurity crises. Within these areas, those households most at risk of food insecurity are the poor and very poor who have no livestock and are less able to cope once their crop production is exhausted. Mabalane District Of the three districts assessed, food security conditions in Mabalane were the worst. Rainfall for the 2008/09 season began on time but ceased early in January, when most crops were in the flowering stage and water requirements were at their maximum. The resultant overall low levels and poor distribution of rainfall, coupled with high temperatures from December to February, negatively affected crop development and significantly reduced crop yields – particularly for maize, the staple crop of Mabalane District, which is particularly sensitive to water shortages. Although final production figures are not yet available for the district, qualitative estimates from the district’s agriculture authorities indicate that planned figures for main season production were not met due to insufficient rains. According to projections in April and observations during the FEWS NET/Samaritan’s Purse joint assessment, food reserves from this year’s production in the district are expected to last until July. It is therefore recommended that another rapid assessment be undertaken in the district at that time to: 1) assess the status of normal household coping strategies, such as selling charcoal or small animals, such as chickens, in exchange for food and 2) prevent households from employing extreme and negative coping strategies. Normal coping strategies are those that allow for continued food security without negatively impacting household livelihoods. A second agricultural season is only practiced in the lowlands of Mabalane District by households that border river banks and those that have irrigation facilities. The number of farmers with access to such land is small. Seeds availability for second season production is another constraint that farmers face, and agriculture authorities state they are unsure whether there will be any input fairs to support these second season needs. Most of the maize and other food commodities sold in Mabalane District originate from Chokwe, 75 kilometers east. Food access in both of these areas has improved during recent weeks, as newly harvested crops arrive on markets and allow for seasonal decreases in food prices. However, very poor households with limited or no income have relatively little access to food on these markets. Livestock body conditions are currently good, and water availability, which is a chronic problem in the district, has improved thanks to moderate‐to‐heavy off‐season rainfall in early May. Chicualacuala District The bulk of Chicualacuala District expects relatively stable food security conditions this consumption year, as rains performed well in most areas, allowing crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, and cowpeas to grow normally. While the main harvest had not started at the time of the assessment, households were consuming other seasonal crops such as watermelon, which was available throughout the district. In addition, the rate of livestock sales ‐ a
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