Wireless and mobile Internet
[email protected] Institut National des Télécommunications Département LOR
Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 1
ToC
Introduction Internet and Wireless networks ¾ Wireless networks overview ¾ Wireless QoS ¾ Wireless security ¾ Wireless mobility Internet and mobility ¾ Mobility concept ¾ Mobility protocols ¾ Mobility and QoS ¾ Mobility and Security Cellular, Wireless and Internet Conclusions
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Introduction
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1 Introduction
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Introduction
ALL IP?
IP based applications New revenues
IP based Control
Simplification
IP based management
Cost effective IP based Transport
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Internet and Wireless networks
¾Wireless networks overview ¾Wireless QoS ¾Wireless security ¾Wireless mobility
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2 Wireless networks overview
satellite WAN IEEE 802.16 MAN
IEEE 802.16e UMTS LAN GSM
DECT IEEE 802.11 PAN IEEE 802.15 ZigBee UWB Hakima CHAOUCHI10kbit/s 500kbit/s Wireless and mobile2Mbit/s Internet10Mbit/s 150Mbit/s 7
Cellular-Family
0G 2.75G • PTT 2G •CDMA2000 1xRTT/IS- •MTS 2000 •IMTS •EDGE (384 kbps) •AMTS •GSM (9,6 kbps) •iDEN •D-AMPS 3G 0.5G •IS-95/cdmaOne •W-CDMA • Autotel/PALM •PDC •UMTS (2 Mbps) •ARP •CSD •FOMA •PHS •1xEV-DO/IS-856 •TD-SCDMA 1G •GAN/UMA •NMT 2.5G •AMPS 3.5G •Hicap •GPRS (115 kbps) •HSDPA (3-4Mbps) •CDPD •HSCSD 3.75G • Mobitex •WiDEN •HSUPA • DataTac Analog Vs Digital ? 4G??? Packet switching Vs Circuit Switching ? Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 8 Telephone Vs Data?
Wi-Family WPAN : Personal IEEE 802.15.1 – Bluetooth (< 1Mbps) IEEE 802.15 et la WiMedia IEEE 802.15.3 – UWB (480 Mbps) Alliance IEEE 802.15.4 – ZigBee ( 20 ou 250 kbps)
WLAN: Local IEEE 802.11b (11Mbps), a (54 Mbps), g (54 Mbps) IEEE 802.11 et Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.11 e : QoS .11n: +MIMO (108-320 Mbps) .11 i: security .11 f, r : roaming, fast roaming .11s : mesh network … WMAN: Metropolitan IEEE 802.16 (~70 Mbps) IEEE 802.16 et la WiMax IEEE 802.16e/IEEE 802.20 (1,5Mbps, 250km/h) Alliance et Wimobile
WRAN: Regional IEEE 802.22/IEEE 802.16.3
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3 Maximum rate
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Wireless-QoS
• MAC and PHY layers limitations – Interference and eavesdropping – Less bandwidth than fixed networks – Capacity variation and latency – High bit error rate
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Wireless QoS
• QoS is a big concern at all layers
• Physical layer : offered bandwidth, coding, modulation, … (OFDM, OFDMA, …) – Minimize transmission errors – Maximize bandwidth • Link layer : Access method (CDMA, TDMA, CSMA, ..) – Maximize number of users – Optimize bandwidth usage • Network layer: traffic differentiation (IP) – Optimize bandwidth usage – Guarantee QoS for upper layers • Transport and Application layers – Adaptation to network state
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4 Usecase 1: WiFi QoS • CSMA/CA: Carrier Sense multiple Access with Collision Avoidance • IFS: InterFrame Spacing • D: Distributed •P: Point •S: Short
Frame
Listen before send Others Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 13
Usecase1: WiFi-QoS
Web Packets Video Packets FTP Packets
CSMA/CA
Physical Layer • CSMA/CA: – Fair sharing of ressources –No QoS Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 14
Usecase1: WiFi-QoS
• CSMA/CA QoS behaviour – Distance from AP
11 Mbps
2Mbps
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5 Usecase1: WiFi-QoS
• CSMA/CA QoS behaviour: – Number of active nodes
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Usecase1: WiFi-QoS; 802.11e
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Usecase2: Wimax QoS
• Wimax Topologies
PMP Mesh
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6 Usecase2:Wimax QoS
802.16(2001) 802.16a(2003) 802.16d (2004) 802.16e
Spectrum 10 to 66 GHz <11GHz 10-66GHz & <11GHz <6GHz Channel Line of sight only Non line of sight Non line of sight and Non line of sight conditions Line of sight Bit Rate 120Mbps 75 Mbps 120Mbps 15 Mbps Modulation QPSK, 16QAM, OFDM 256 subcarriers SC, SCa, OFDM, Unkown 64QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM OFDMA and HUMAN Probably 0FDMA
Mobility Fixed Fixed fixed Mobile Channel 25 MHz or 28 MHz 1.25-20MHz 25 MHz or 28 MHz 1.25-20MHz bandwidth Typical cell 1 to 30 miles 3 to 5 miles 25 miles 1 to 3 miles radius • TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access • Real time applications Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 19
Usecase2: WiMax QoS
• Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) – Real-time, periodic fixed size packets (e.g. T1 or VoIP) • Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS) – Real-time, periodic variable sizes packets (e.g MPEG) • Non-Real-Time Polling Service (nrtPS) – Variable sized packets with loose delay requirements (e.g. FTP) • Best Effort Service
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Usecase2: Wimax-QoS
• Accepting PDU from higher layer • Classifying it to its appropriate CID • Associating it to the appropriate service flow
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7 Wireless-Security
• Link layer security • Wireless link is vulnerable – Eavesdropping – Denial of Service – Man-in-The-middle –… • Need to: – Identify and authenticate users (AAA service) – Protect data (Encryption)
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Usecase: WiFi-security IEEE 802.11i • Use of security policy • TKIP replaces WEP • Authentication : 802.1x framework • Encryption : AES – AES-PSK (Pre Shared Key) • Dynamic key management •WPA2
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Usecase: WiFi-security IEEE 802.11i Security Policy
Probe Request Policy exchange (1)
Listen Probe Response
Authentication 802.1x (2) procedure Authentication
Association Request (3) Association Response Association
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8 Usecase: WiFi Security: 802.1x
Suplicant Authenticator AAA Server EAPOL - Start
EAP – Request (Identity)
EAP – Response (Identity) RADIUS - Access Request
EAP – Request (Challenge) RADIUS - Access Challenge
EAP – Response (Challenge) RADIUS - Access Request
EAP – Success RADIUS - Access Accept
EAP – Fail RADIUS - Access Reject
EAPOL - Logoff Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 25
Wireless-Mobility
• Layer 2 mobility support • 802.11 f : roaming between AP from different constructors (IAPP) • 802.11 r : Fast roaming to support VoIP • 802.16 e : Mobility support in Wimax (WiMobile) • 802.21 : universal mobility and VHO (Media Independent Handover)
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Usecase: Wireless-mobility IEEE 802.21-MIH
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9 Wi-family Vs Cellular-family • Is the answer : 4G?
• ITU definition: 4G network is a network offering 1Gbps on static use and up to 100Mbps on the move.
• 4G : integration of heterogeneous wireless and cellular networks
• 4G: cellular network based on pure packet switching technology, high speed and bandwidth
• Which application for 4G?: Mobile TV…
• Need of simple IP and IP mobility Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 28
Internet and mobility
• Mobility concept • Mobility protocols • Mobility and QoS • Mobility and Security
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Mobility Concept
Cellular Systems IETF (IP) All-IP
Continuous Mobility Device Mobility (Mobile IP) Continuous mobility Personal Mobility Personal Mobility (SIP) Device Mobility Seamless Personal Personal Mobility Mobility (VHE)
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10 Mobility Concept
• Mobility categories – Single Node mobility (Mobile IP) – Personal Mobility (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol) – Manets (Mobile Ad hoc networks) – Nemo (Network mobility)
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Mobility Concept
• Mobility Functions – Registration – Location Update – Paging – Handover – Re-routing
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Mobility protocols
Mobile IP v4 IP Basic Mobility protocols Route Optimization Mobile IPv6
Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Regional Tunnel Proxy Agents based management Architecture ….
Per Host Forwarding (Cellular IP, Hawaii)
Localized Enhanced Routing Multicast based Schemes
Manet based
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11 Mobile IPv4
Corespondent Node IP Adress: CN ` IP Sourse: CN IP Dest: MN
Home Agent IP Address: HA router
Home Network
IP Sourse: MN IP Sourse: HA IP Dest: CN IP Dest: CoA IP Source: CN IP Dest: MN Mobile IP Packet Foreign Agent Mobile IP Registration/ Forwarding IP Address: FA Location Update Procedure Registration Procedure Request IP Source: CoA IP Dest: HA Foreign Network Registration Reply IP Source: HA or FA IP Dest: CoA Base Station BS Mobile Node IP Adress: MN Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile InternetCare of Adress: CoA 34
Relevant Features of IPv6
• Address Autoconfiguration – Stateless autoconfiguratoin • Network Prefix + Interface ID – Stateful autoconfiguration • DHCPv6 • Neighbor Discovery – Discover each other’s presence and find routers – Determine each other’s link-layer addresses – Maintain reachability information
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Mobile IPv6 Operation
• Home Agent Registration
Mobile Node (1) Binding Update (2) Binding Acknowledgement
Home Link Link B (1) Router Link A Internet Router (2) Link C
Router Home Agent Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile InternetCorrespondent Node 36
12 Mobile IPv6 Operation
• Route Optimization – To avoid triangle routing
Mobile Node (1) Packet (2) Tunneled Packet (3) Packet
Home Link Link B (2) Router Link A Internet (3) Router (1) Link C
Router Home Agent Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 37 Correspondent Node
Mobile IPv6 Operation
• Route Optimization
Mobile Node (1) Binding Update (2) Packet
Home Link Link B Router Link A Internet (2) Router Link C (1) Router Home Agent
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Major Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6
• No FA in Mobile IPv6 – Mobile IPv6 requires every mobile node to support • IPv6 Decapsulation • Address Autoconfiguration • Neighbor Discovery
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13 Handover
• Three kinds of handover operations – Smooth Handover • Minimizes data loss during the time that the MN is establishing its link to the new access point – Fast Handover • Minimizes or eliminates latency for establishing new communication paths to the MN at the new access router – Seamless Handover • Both Smooth and Fast Handover
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Micro mobility: HMIP ( Hierarchical)
• Two temporary adresses: – RCoA –LCOA • One permanente address (home address) • MAP: Mobility Anchor Point
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Micro Mobility: Fast Mobie IP
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14 Micro mobility: Cellular IP
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Mobility and QoS Packet
Mobile B Mobile B Circuit
Telco Network ? IP Network
Access point
?
Wireless network
Mobile A Mobile A
HakimaMobilité CHAOUCHI Telco: Connectivity Wireless and mobile InternetMobilité IP: connectivity+QdS! 44
IntServ: MRSVP
• Mobile RSVP Sender • 3 classes of service
– MIG: Mobility To locations on MSPEC Independent Guarantees – MIP: Mobility Independent Predictive – MDP: Mobility Dependant Predictive • passive or active reservation • Object MSPEC:
Mobility Specification, Active reservation includes the list of cells Passive reservation (depending on mobility spec) to be possibly visited by the MN Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 45
15 DiffServ: ITSUMO
• Internet Technologies Supporting Universal Mobile Operation • In each domain: QGS: QoS Global Server • At the access node: QLN: QoS Local Node • QGS make resource reservation for the MN • MN negotiates with the QGS the service level, it is specified in his profile • DSNP: Dynamic Service Negotiation Protocol
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Seamoby and Context Transfer
• Each MN has a context stored in the current access router • The context is composed of different parameters: QoS, security, … • CTP protocol: Context Transfer Protocol
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Mobility-security
• Network layer security • MN, HA, CN are vulnerable • Traffic redirection attack • Need strong authentication of MN (AAA service) • Need data protection (Encryption)
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16 False Binding Updates
A B
False BU source = C destination = B Stolen data Attacker C
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Mobile IPv6 security CN 2a. HoT HA HoA CN 1a. HoTI E S P 2b. CoT 1b. CoTI tu n n e l 3. BU
CoA 4. BA
• Return Routability (RR) test for HoA and CoA
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Cellular, Wireless and Internet
• Fixed + Cellular : Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) where IMS is the All IP core network and SIP is the signaling protocol
• Cellular + Wireless : 4G
• But Where is Mobile IP??
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17 SIP in IMS
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SIP Architecture
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SIP based session management
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18 Conclusions •Facts: – Packet switching is the winner: is it IP? – IP over wireless: QoS, security, mobility is still ongoing work – Wireless internet is already deployed • Internet services over wireless link – Mobile Internet is still ongoing work – VoIP over fixed and wireless link already deployed – Mobile VoIP is still ongoing work
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Conclusions
• In the future, 4G could be: – A new cellular network ? – Wimax mobile ? – Integration of cellular and wireless networks ?
• The enabling technology of the integrated 4G: – 802.21, MIH ? – Mobile IP ?
• Who will be then “the bottleneck”: IP or the wireless link?
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References
• William Srallings: Réseaux et Communications sans fil • Traité IC2: Réseaux Ambiants, Édition Hermes • Traité IC2: Mobilité et réseaux sans fil, Édition Hermes • http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/wirel ess_comm_specs.htm • Traité Hermes IC2: Sécurité dans les réseaux sans fil et mobiles, avant fin 2006
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