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Coexistence of GSM-R with Other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC D5: FINAL REPORT Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC Made for European Union Agency for Railways 120, rue Marc Lefrancq 59300 Valenciennes France 15.07.2016 Version 3 Contact: LS telcom AG Wolfgang Schütz Im Gewerbegebiet 31-33 77839 LICHTENAU Tel: +49 (0) 7227-9535-600 GERMANY Email: [email protected] +49 (0) 7227 9535 600 +49 (0) 7227 9535 605 [email protected] www.LStelcom.com Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC Version Control Item Description Source LS telcom AG Client European Union Agency for Railways Report Title D5 –Final Report Sub Title Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems / ERA 2015 04 2 SC Issue Date 15.07.2016 Version Date Description 1 03.06.2016 First submission to the Agency for review 2 29.06.2016 Updated version incorporating revisions following the Agency review 3 15.07.2016 Updated version, with Agency name changed and incorporating last comments from the Agency © 2016 LS telcom AG D-5: Final Report Page 2 Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC Executive Summary The scope of this study is to analyse if the frequency bands “876-880 / 921-925 MHz” and “873-876 / 918-921 MHz” (ER/R-GSM spectrum) can be shared by other radio communication systems for railway use in coexistence with the existing GSM-R system operated in these frequency bands. In this context, the European Union Agency for Railways (‘the Agency’) defined six questions that have been addressed in the scope of the study: Q-1: Is it feasible to use an additional radio communication system in the frequency bands “876-880 / 921-925 MHz” and “873-876 / 918-921 MHz” in coexistence with the GSM- R system? Q-2: If so, which system, out of the ones specified today or under specification, could be used? Q-3: What are the conditions for this coexistence (e.g. in terms of radio parameters, frequency arrangements, network design constraints, terminal requirements)? Q-4: Would the specification of the other system studied need to be modified or adapted? Q-5: What are the possible consequences for the available capacity of both technologies? Q-6: What would be the impact on the current GSM-R networks in terms of redesign? To answer these questions we used the following approach: . Firstly, we analysed different radio technologies to determine their suitability for future railway applications. As a result of this analysis we identified LTE / LTE Advanced as, currently, the only practical candidate in the bands under study for the future railway system. We performed compatibility analyses to determine the general feasibility and possible frame conditions for sharing scenarios where GSM-R and a LTE 1.4 MHz carrier operate in the same band. The theoretical analysis has been complemented by measurements made at the laboratory of the Faculty of Transportation Science, Chair of Transport Systems Information Technology at the Dresden University of Technology. We modelled a part of German Railways GSM-R network around Leipzig main station using radio network planning software to determine if the GSM-R network could maintain the existing capacity within the reduced spectrum. We further analysed how much capacity and coverage an LTE network could provide. Our analysis is necessarily deeply technical and thus the conclusions are not easily accessible by a non-technical reader. In this executive summary, we have therefore provided a synopsis of the main conclusions and recommendations rather than spelling out the detail in full. Our analysis has shown that: Conclusion 1: It is not possible to implement an LTE carrier within the R-GSM band without a number of technical mitigating measures, most notably: A rail LTE network and existing R-GSM service need to be co-sited The use of transmitter power control (TPC) for R-GSM user equipment The possible need to improve the performance of the LTE user and network equipment © 2016 LS telcom AG D-5: Final Report Page 3 Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC GSM-R receivers need to meet the requirements identified in ETSI TS 102 933 Recommendation 1: The extent to which these mitigating measures are necessary or practicable will need to be tested through field trials. Conclusion 2: There may be insufficient capacity within the existing R-GSM band to allow the co-existence of a 1.4 MHz LTE carrier and GSM services without some degradation to the GSM service. Recommendation 2: An assessment of whether these degradations permit acceptable operational performance of the GSM-R service needs to be conducted. Conclusion 3: Introducing an LTE 1.4 MHz carrier into the R-GSM band would provide additional data capacity but potentially reduce the capacity of the GSM-R service. Recommendation 3: An assessment of the future demand for data for rail services needs to be undertaken to determine whether a LTE 1.4 MHz carrier is sufficient and whether additional data capacity demand is foreseen. Conclusion 4: In areas where frequency resources are in high demand (e.g. in areas of dense rail traffic or in border areas especially between countries implementing an LTE carrier and those which do not), the capacity of both LTE for rail services and GSM-R services would be severely reduced. Recommendation 4: An assessment of the interoperability problems that could be caused in areas of high traffic demand or where frequency resources are already stretched (e.g. border areas) is required. Existing border arrangements should be re-visited to determine whether sufficient capacity could be obtained to enable effective operation of the rail network. © 2016 LS telcom AG D-5: Final Report Page 4 Coexistence of GSM-R with other Communication Systems ERA 2015 04 2 SC Table of Contents 1 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT ........................................................................... 8 2 SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 9 2.1 Background ............................................................................................. 9 2.2 Approach Taken....................................................................................... 9 2.3 Summary of Technology Selection ............................................................ 11 2.3.1 Analysis ................................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 13 2.4 Summary of Compatibility Analyses .......................................................... 14 2.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Sharing Calculations ................................................................................ 15 2.4.3 Intermodulation Analysis ......................................................................... 17 2.4.4 Measurements ........................................................................................ 18 2.4.5 Discussion and Conclusion ....................................................................... 19 2.5 Summary of Network Simulations ............................................................. 23 2.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................... 23 2.5.2 Analysis of remaining Capacity for the existing GSM-R Network .................... 23 2.5.3 Analysis of achievable Coverage for the LTE Network .................................. 24 2.5.4 Situation in Regions with limited availability of frequencies .......................... 24 2.5.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 25 3 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................... 26 4 ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE NEW RAILWAY SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 30 4.1 Analysis ................................................................................................. 30 4.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 36 5 SHARING ANALYSES ........................................................................... 37 5.1 Interference Model .................................................................................. 37 5.2 Determination of Antenna Isolation for different Implementation Scenarios .... 40 5.2.1 Site-to-Site Scenarios ............................................................................. 40 5.2.1.1 Site-to-Site (Same Site, same Antenna) .................................................... 40 5.2.1.2 Site-to-Site (Same Site, individual Antennas) ............................................. 42 5.2.1.3 Site to Site (Individual Sites) ................................................................... 44 5.2.2 Site-to-Train Scenarios ............................................................................ 47 5.2.3 Train-to-Train Scenarios .......................................................................... 49 5.2.3.1 Use of same Antennas for LTE and GSM-R ................................................. 50 5.2.3.2 Use of different Antennas for LTE and GSM-R ............................................. 51 5.2.4 Summary on Antenna Isolation Calculations ............................................... 53 5.3 Analysis: GSM-R interfered by LTE ...........................................................
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