DOCSLIB.ORG

Penguins and Antarctica Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Penguins and Antarctica Pdf, Epub, Ebook PENGUINS AND ANTARCTICA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Mary Pope Osborne | 119 pages | 23 Sep 2008 | Random House USA Inc | 9780375846649 | English | New York, United States Penguins and Antarctica PDF Book In the extreme cold of the Antarctic winter, the females are at sea fishing for food leaving the males to brave the weather by themselves. Penguins can be found in the Antarctic Peninsula , the sub-Antarctic islands and all the nutrient-rich waters in between. See also: List of Sphenisciformes by population. He recognized them as such not from their appearance but by the unusual number of pebbles piled onto the area, which these penguins use to make nests. Archived from the original on February 17, Predators: Leopard seals are their main predators. Emperor penguins are possibly the only bird that does not set foot on land throughout their lives. They are characterized by hairy yellow ornamental head feathers; their bills are at least partly red. Dogs preyed upon penguins while they were allowed in Antarctica during the age of early human exploration as sled dogs , but dogs have long since been banned from Antarctica. For the next five months, the men experienced all that a drifting ice floe can offer: cracks suddenly opening up beneath their tents, leopard seals lying in wait for a meal of penguin at the edge of the floe, a shortage of fresh water while all around lay a vast desert of sea ice too salty to drink. They also jump with both feet together if they want to move more quickly or cross steep or rocky terrain. Archived from the original on August 1, However, many colonies are in decline sadly. Emperor penguins can dive up to 1, feet. By the time they join their colonies to breed, in late autumn, they can weigh up to 40 kilograms 88 pounds. Population is declining rapidly however, and scientists do not know why. Archived PDF from the original on September 24, During breeding season, Gentoo penguins will generally head inland slightly. Often, Antarctica penguins that have a krill diet will present red yolks in their eggs. Extra info to help us. Emperor penguin , Aptenodytes forsteri. Chicks are often bigger than their parents when all fluffed up and can not enter the water until they have fully molted. Birds class : Aves. Megadyptes Milne-Edwards, Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Breeding season for Macaroni penguins is between December and January when their eggs are laid — hatching a month later. The emperor penguin has the largest body mass of all penguins, which further reduces relative surface area and heat loss. Business Insider logo The words "Business Insider". Updating your booking. Spheniscus Brisson — banded penguins. Phylogeny of Spheniscidae [20]. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Early breeders breed between November and January and late breeders breed between January and March. Spend 3 luxurious days exploring mountains, glaciers, lakes and star gazing. Antarctica Where to See Antarctic Penguins? Male emperor penguins stand for about 65 days through the icy temperatures and wild storms to keep their eggs warm. Tweet 0. Come across a penguin in Antarctica and he or she is likely to waddle over to you, have a sniff, perhaps hop on your boots and investigate you. Early breeders breed between November and January and late breeders breed between January and March World Population: There is an estimated 2 million breeding pairs, however, some estimations go as high as 3. All penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere — there are no penguins in the Arctic. Penguins and Antarctica Writer Find a cruise. Penguins either waddle on their feet or slide on their bellies across the snow while using their feet to propel and steer themselves, a movement called "tobogganing", which conserves energy while moving quickly. Penguins have a waterproof coat of short, overlapping feathers. Promotion code Done. The Adelie penguins are classified as Near Threatened by IUCN although a penguin census conducted in showed that the numbers of these penguins has increased significantly as compared to the previous census. The chinstrap penguin can be easily identified due to the presence of a thin, black band under its head that gives it the appearance of wearing a helmet strapped under the chin. Collections Online. Is it OK for female leaders to look sexy? Isabellinism is different from albinism. They entertain the full-time animal inhabitants with their many antics. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Find out the answers to these questions and more as Jack and Annie track the facts. Those who travel on Hurtigruten voyages to Antarctica will get an up-close look at these stunning birds, a favourite among Antarctic animals. The geographical and temporal pattern or spheniscine evolution corresponds closely to two episodes of global cooling documented in the paleoclimatic record. This is, without a doubt, an incomparable wildlife experience yet one which should be approached with a great deal of care. To help minimize our impact on the wildlife populations and habitat, the powers that be created many treaties and acts and other agreements. Macaroni penguins have a circumpolar distribution, generally on sub-Antarctic islands. It also has glowing orange spots although the Kings have them on their necks and ears rather than on their cheeks. Covering an area of just under square km, Snow Hill island is the northernmost Antarctic island off the southern coast of South America and visits are only possible as helicopter excursions on specific cruise liners. Archived from the original on February 2, We have some great Expedition travel options for you! Retrieved February 2, Fiordland penguin , Eudyptes pachyrynchus. Gentoo penguin , Pygoscelis papua. London: Macmillan. Penguins are often called 'flippered flyers' because of their effortless movement through the water. Galapagos penguin , Spheniscus mendiculus. World's biggest king penguin colony shrinks 90 percent in Turkish. The Duke of Edinburgh , 99, is seen with Adelie penguins at the Penguin Rookery Base, near Adelaide Island, Antarctica, in , in the first of four images revealed in a recent Instagram post on the Royal Family 's account. This is probably because penguins have no land predators in Antarctica or the nearby offshore islands. Magellanic penguin , Spheniscus magellanicus. Archived from the original on December 10, Most of the warm-blooded animals in Antarctica are over-sized because big animals of the same shape stay warmer. Recent research findings unveiled excellent news: Antarctica is home to millions of more penguins than previously thought. These two genera diverged apparently in the Middle Miocene Langhian , roughly 15—14 mya , but again, the living species of Eudyptes are the product of a later radiation, stretching from about the late Tortonian Late Miocene, 8 mya to the end of the Pliocene. Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. Columbiformes doves and pigeons Mesitornithiformes mesites Pterocliformes sandgrouse. Retrieved November 25, Archived from the original on October 16, Caprimulgiformes nightjars and relatives Steatornithiformes Podargiformes Apodiformes swifts and hummingbirds. Recommended Tours Browse All Tours. Given that neither the relationships of the penguin subfamilies to each other nor the placement of the penguins in the avian phylogeny is presently resolved, this is confusing, so the established Linnean system is followed here. The genus Aptenodytes appears to be the basalmost divergence among living penguins [19] [34] they have bright yellow-orange neck, breast, and bill patches; incubate by placing their eggs on their feet, and when they hatch the chicks are almost naked. See the map on our Where to Go in Antarctica blog to get a clearer idea of where all these stellar destinations are located. The chinstrap penguins usually swim 80 km offshore daily to forage for krill, shrimps, squids, and fish. Southern rockhopper penguin , Eudyptes chrysocome. Penguins and Antarctica Reviews Seven species of penguins inhabit the land and water in and around the frozen continent of Antarctica. Sign in My Account Subscribe. What Do They Eat? They breed on land in the warmer months and spend winter in the sea ice. It's all very dramatic. Rockhopper Penguin. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Seabirds such as Skuas will often eat chick eggs. This bird is not able to fly; its wings are developed for swimming rather than flying. Latest Issue Past Issues. If his original mate catches him with another lady however, the female penguins will fight over his affections. AP Link Copied. Got a promotion code? You can often smell a rookery long before you see one! Dead fresh penguins penguins paleontology antarctica ice ice maybe science. Chinstrap penguins are named for the narrow black band under their heads. George Dvorsky Posts Email Twitter. Gentoos are the speedsters of the penguin world. Unlike other penguins, Emperor penguins have a very long breeding cycle, beginning in late March and continuing through to December. Their breeding practices could be straight from a penguin soap opera. Southern rockhopper penguins. Drift a little closer and you smell the powerful aroma of penguin guano. Whilst their fluffy feathers are perfect for insulation, they are terrible in water. Penguins and Antarctica Read Online Irresponsible fishing activities and climate change have drastically reduced the food source of the macaroni penguins which, in turn, has adversely impacted the populations of these creatures. If you found this article useful please share it It has bright red eyes, a red beak, and spiky black and yellow feathers of its head. Solid bones, uniquely structured hemoglobin, and the ability to reduce metabolism allows these penguins to dive to such great depths. King penguin King penguin, St. Similar in size to the Chinstrap penguin, Macaronis are not found on the Antarctic continent proper, instead they inhabit the warmer surrounding islands such as South Georgia and Heard Island.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
    SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing the Emperor of Antarctica
    Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Introducing the Emperor of Antarctica A plump five-foot figure, wearing what looks like a tuxedo, walks across a frozen landscape. Suddenly, the figure drops to its belly and paddles its limbs as if swimming. Sound strange? Actually, it is the emperor of Antarctica…the emperor penguin, that is. One could easily argue that the emperor penguin is the king of survival. These amazing creatures live in the harshest climate on earth. Temperatures in Antarctica regularly reach –60°C and blizzards can last for days. But in this frigid world, the emperors swim, play, breed, and raise their chicks. Although emperor penguins are birds, they are unable to take flight. Rather, they do their “flying” in the water. Their flipper-like wings and sleek bodies make them expert swimmers. Emperors are able to dive deeper than any other bird and can stay under water for up to 22 minutes. The emperors are so at home in the water that young penguins enter the water when they are just six months old. Like many birds, the emperor penguins migrate during the winter. This migration, however, is very different. Each year, as winter approaches, the penguins leave the comfort—and food supply—of the ocean to begin a 70-mile journey across the ice. Walking single file, the penguins waddle along for days, flopping to their bellies and pushing themselves along with their flippers when their feet get tired. Along the way, colonies of penguins meet up with other colonies all headed for the same place—the safety of their breeding grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Population Assessment of the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A global population assessment of the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) Noah Strycker1*, Michael Wethington2, Alex Borowicz2, Steve Forrest2, Chandi Witharana3, Tom Hart4 & Heather J. Lynch2,5 Using satellite imagery, drone imagery, and ground counts, we have assembled the frst comprehensive global population assessment of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 3.42 (95th-percentile CI: [2.98, 4.00]) million breeding pairs across 375 extant colonies. Twenty-three previously known Chinstrap penguin colonies are found to be absent or extirpated. We identify fve new colonies, and 21 additional colonies previously unreported and likely missed by previous surveys. Limited or imprecise historical data prohibit our assessment of population change at 35% of all Chinstrap penguin colonies. Of colonies for which a comparison can be made to historical counts in the 1980s, 45% have probably or certainly declined and 18% have probably or certainly increased. Several large colonies in the South Sandwich Islands, where conditions apparently remain favorable for Chinstrap penguins, cannot be assessed against a historical benchmark. Our population assessment provides a detailed baseline for quantifying future changes in Chinstrap penguin abundance, sheds new light on the environmental drivers of Chinstrap penguin population dynamics in Antarctica, and contributes to ongoing monitoring and conservation eforts at a time of climate change and concerns over declining krill abundance in the Southern Ocean. Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) are abundant in Antarctica, with past estimates ranging from 3–8 million breeding pairs, and are considered a species of “least concern” by BirdLife International1, but the popula- tion dynamics of this species are not well understood and several studies have highlighted signifcant declines at monitored sites2–6.
    [Show full text]
  • Macaroni Penguin
    Macaroni Penguin Website : https://www.cuteness.com/article/macaroni-penguin-kids Live Camera: https://tnaqua.org/animal/macaroni-penguin/ Macaroni penguins are the most abundant of the different penguin species in the world. They are easily identified by the yellow hairs on the top of their heads. But be careful! This penguin looks a lot like the Royal penguin. The big difference is that the Macaroni penguin has a black face, and the Royal penguin has a white face. Now visit the website. Look at the first paragraph that begins with “Macaroni penguins inhabit a number of islands…”: 1) Where do Macaroni penguins live? a. In my house b. Near Antarctica c. North Pole d. Along the equator 2) What are two threats to Macaroni penguins that come from human beings? (More than one) . a. Leopard seals b. Commercial fishing c. Oil pollution d. Sea lions Go to this section : 3) What other penguin can be confused with the Macaroni penguin? a. Royal penguin b. Emperor penguin c. Antarctic penguin d. Rockhopper penguin 4) About how does this penguin weigh? a. Five pounds b. Seven pounds c. Nine pounds d. Eleven pounds Go to this section : 5) How did this penguin get its name? a. No one knows b. It was named after a hat c. It was named after the food d. It was named after the explorer who found them 6) True or false. The song “Yankee Doodle” was partly about the Macaroni penguin. a. True b. False c. What’s a Doodle? 1 Go to this section : 7) Where do Macaroni penguins lay their eggs? a.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Threatens Penguins
    SEPTEMBER 2009 Climate Change Threatens Penguins By: Shaye Wolf Penguins are not just found in •11 of 18 penguin species are Antarctica declining and considered an Penguins—waddling wonders of extinction risk the Southern Hemisphere Although penguins are commonly associated with Antarctica, penguins •Two species are considered Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, are found in a variety of habitats stable. family Spheniscidae) are flightless in the Southern Hemisphere. seabirds found almost entirely in Eighteen different penguin species •The population status of the the Southern Hemisphere. Although inhabit areas from Antarctica to the remaining five is unknown. their wings have become useless for Equator. They can be divided into Studies have linked climate change flight, they have become superbly three groups: to past, ongoing, and projected adapted to swimming and diving. population declines of many For example, Gentoo penguins •Four penguin species breed in Antarctica and/or the Antarctic penguin species. Because penguins can swim up to 35 km per hour— live in different ocean habitats of compared with 9 km per hour for islands: the Emperor, Adélie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguin. the Southern Hemisphere, climate the fastest Olympic swimmer. change affects penguins in these Emperor penguins can dive to •Most penguin species breed on regions in different ways. depths of more than 520 m to find islands in the sub-Antarctic waters food—deeper than any other bird. of the Southern Ocean (a.k.a. How is climate change affecting Penguins must return to land or sea Antarctic Ocean), the South Atlantic Antarctic penguins? ice to rear their young, however, Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean, and they are renowned for their The Antarctic continent is warming and the Southern Indian Ocean: as a whole,1 but the Antarctic feats of endurance as parents.
    [Show full text]
  • Playful Penguins by Melissa Michael
    Playful Penguins By Melissa Michael www.teachertreasurehunter.blogspot.com •Emperor Penguin •King Penguin •Gentoo Penguin •Macaroni Penguin •Adélie Penguin •Little Penguin Emperor Penguin HABITAT: The emperor penguin lives in the Antarctic. It will spend its entire life in the Antarctic waters and on the ice. They are never on land. FOOD: They mostly eat Antarctic silverfish. They may also eat krill or squid. PREDATORS: Their main enemies are orcas and leopard seals. The chicks are also prey for sea birds. COOL FACTS: *The females lay one large egg and then the males take care of it. The males keep the egg on their feet and cover it with their brooding pouch. The brooding pouch is Credit: Photo by Lin Padgham; Creative Commons license loose skin covered with feathers that can APPEARANCE: The emperor penguin has cover the egg. The males will not eat black feathers on its back. The feathers in anything for the 2 months when they care front are white. They have a black head for the egg. and black beak with an orange stripe. *They are the largest penguin in the world. There are yellow patches on each side of its They are about 44 inches tall. head. The chicks have gray feathers with a *They can dive deeper than any other black and white face patch. bird. © 2013 © 2013 Michael Melissa King Penguin HABITAT: They live on islands of the sub- Antarctic and ice-free ocean waters. They never live on pack ice like their close relative the Emperor penguin. FOOD: They eat small fish and some squid.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraging Behavior of Gentoo and Chinstrap Penguins As Determined by New Radiotelemetry Techniques
    FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF GENTOO AND CHINSTRAP PENGUINS AS DETERMINED BY NEW RADIOTELEMETRY TECHNIQUES WAYNE Z. TRIVELPIECE,JOHN L. BENGTSON,1 SUSAN G. TRIVELPIECE, AND NICHOLAS J. VOLKMAN PointReyes Bird Observatory, 4990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, California 94970 USA ASSTRACT.--Analysisof radio signalsfrom transmittersaffixed to 7 Gentoo(Pygoscelis papua) and 6 Chinstrap (P. antarctica)penguins allowed us to track penguins at sea. Signal charac- teristics allowed us to distinguish among 5 foraging behaviors: porpoising, underwater swimming, horizontal diving, vertical diving, and restingor bathing. GentooPenguins spent a significantly greater portion of their foraging trips engaged in feeding behaviors than Chinstraps,which spent significantly more time traveling. Gentooshad significantly longer feeding dives than Chinstraps(128 s vs. 91 s) and significantlyhigher dive-pauseratios (3.4 vs. 2.6). These differencesin foraging behavior suggestGentoo and Chinstrappenguins may have different diving abilities and may forage at different depths. Received3 June 1985, accepted24 April 1986. THE trophic relationships among Pygoscelis among behaviors during foraging trips. This penguins,the Ad61ie(P. adeliae),Chinstrap (P. method improved our understanding of pen- antarctica),and Gentoo (P. papua),have been a guin feeding efficiencies,ranges, and traveling major focal point of researchin recent years, speeds,and permitted preliminary compari- particularlywith respectto the ecologyof their sons of Gentoo and Chinstrap penguin forag- major prey species,krill (Euphausiasuperba). To ing behaviors. date, however, our knowledge of the birds' METHODS feeding ecologyis largely derived from stom- ach samples obtained ashore (Emison 1968; This studywas conductedat a breedingrookery at Croxall and Furse 1980; Croxall and Prince Point Thomas, King George Island, South Shetland 1980a;Volkman et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Penguins: up Close and Personal
    Penguins: Up Close and Personal Penguins: Up Close and Personal by ReadWorks A penguin is a type of bird that lives in water and on land. The black-and-white appearance of penguins is known as countershading, which is a form of camouflage that helps keep them safe in the water. Wild penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere. Most live within the polar region in very cold climates around Antarctica; however, some species of penguins live in warmer climates in South Africa, New Zealand, and some countries in South America. While there are over 17 different types of penguins, this passage will focus on only three: the emperor penguin, the king penguin, and the little blue penguin. The biggest of all penguins, the emperor penguin, is almost three-and-a-half feet tall-that is almost as tall as the average first grader! And they can weigh up to 88 pounds. Incredibly, emperor penguins breed on the ice in Antarctica during winter. They face temperatures of -22 ReadWorks.org · © 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. Penguins: Up Close and Personal degrees Fahrenheit and below. After the female lays an egg, the male keeps the egg warm and protects it for a period of two months-during which time he doesn't eat at all! The female makes a hunting trip for those two months, sometimes traveling up to 50 miles to reach the ocean. When she returns, she regurgitates food for the chick, and then the male goes and finds food for himself. In the wild, emperor penguins live 15 to 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Sentinels of the Ocean the Science of the World’S Penguins
    A scientific report from The Pew Charitable Trusts April 2015 Sentinels Of the Ocean The science of the world’s penguins Contents 1 Overview 1 Status of penguin populations 1 Penguin biology Species 3 22 The Southern Ocean 24 Threats to penguins Fisheries 24 Increasing forage fisheries 24 Bycatch 24 Mismatch 24 Climate change 25 Habitat degradation and changes in land use 25 Petroleum pollution 25 Guano harvest 26 Erosion and loss of native plants 26 Tourism 26 Predation 26 Invasive predators 26 Native predators 27 Disease and toxins 27 27 Protecting penguins Marine protected areas 27 Ecosystem-based management 29 Ocean zoning 29 Habitat protections on land 30 31 Conclusion 32 References This report was written for Pew by: Pablo García Borboroglu, Ph.D., president, Global Penguin Society P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D., director, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Caroline Cappello, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Pew’s environmental initiative Joshua S. Reichert, executive vice president Tom Wathen, vice president Environmental science division Becky Goldburg, Ph.D., director, environmental science Rachel Brittin, officer, communications Polita Glynn, director, Pew Marine Fellows Program Ben Shouse, senior associate Charlotte Hudson, director, Lenfest Ocean Program Anthony Rogers, senior associate Katie Matthews, Ph.D., manager Katy Sater, senior associate Angela Bednarek, Ph.D., manager Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the many contributors to Penguins: Natural History and Conservation (University of Washington Press, 2013), upon whose scholarship this report is based. Used by permission of the University of Washington Press The environmental science team would like to thank Dee Boersma, Pablo “Popi” Borboroglu, and Caroline Cappello for sharing their knowledge of penguins by writing and preparing this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Emperor Penguin Habitats Have You Ever Seen a Penguin?
    Emperor Penguin Habitats Have you ever seen a penguin? Penguins are birds with black and white feathers, but they cannot fly! They have very heavy bodies shaped like torpedoes that make them very good swimmers. Emperor penguins live in Antarctica where it is very cold, but their body temperatures are the same as humans. Layers of fat keep them warm. The emperor penguin has been identified as an endangered species. http://www.foxcrofts.com/Photos/Emperor%20Penguin.jpg (penguin image) http://www.evilcon.net/wordpress/wp- content/EmperorPenguin1Little_chick_stands_on_snow.jpg (penguin chick) http://www.luminous-landscape.com/locations/antarctic-archive.shtml (Antarctica) Teacher-created emperor penguin habitat Target Grade: 3 Goal (Terminal Objective): Students will create sculptured emperor penguins and place them in student-made 3-dimensional habitats resembling Antarctica. This project will give students a better understanding of Antarctica, global warming, and the emperor penguin as an endangered species. Objective: Students will sculpt realistic emperor penguins after learning about this unique bird. They will learn about the geography of Antarctica and build habitats for the penguins. National Standards: Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 1: Understanding and applying media, techniques, and processes Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 2: Using knowledge of structure and functions Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 3: Choosing and evaluating a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 5: Reflecting upon and assessing the characteristics and merits of their work and the work of others Purpose: Students will focus on creating 3-dimensional art forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraging Behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin 85
    1999 Wilson & Peters: Foraging behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin 85 FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF THE CHINSTRAP PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICA AT ARDLEY ISLAND, ANTARCTICA RORY P. WILSON & GERRIT PETERS Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany ([email protected]) SUMMARY WILSON, R.P. & PETERS, G. 1999. Foraging behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarctica at Ardley Island, Antarctica. Marine Ornithology 27: 85–95. The foraging behaviour of 20 Chinstrap Penguins Pygoscelis antarctica breeding at Ardley Island, King George Island, Antarctica was studied during the austral summers of 1991/2 and 1995/6 using stomach tem- perature loggers (to determine feeding patterns), depth recorders and multiple channel loggers. The multi- ple channel loggers recorded dive depth, swim speed and swim heading which could be integrated using vectors to determine the foraging tracks. Half the birds left the island to forage between 02h00 and 10h00. Mean time at sea was 10.6 h. Birds generally executed a looping type course with most individuals foraging within 20 km of the island. Maximum foraging range was 33.5 km. Maximum dive depth was 100.7 m although 80% of all dives had depth maxima less than 30 m. The following dive parameters were positively related to maximum depth reached during the dive: total dive duration, descent duration, duration at the bottom of the dive, ascent duration, descent angle, ascent angle, rate of change of depth during descent and rate of change of depth during ascent. Swim speed was unrelated to maximum dive depth and had mean values of 2.6, 2.5 and 2.2 m/s for the descent, bottom and ascent phases of the dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species Research 39:293
    Vol. 39: 293–302, 2019 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published August 22 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00970 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Sexual and geographic dimorphism in northern rockhopper penguins breeding in the South Atlantic Ocean Antje Steinfurth1,2,*,**, Jenny M. Booth3,**, Jeff White4, Alexander L. Bond5,6, Christopher D. McQuaid3 1FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa 2RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK 3Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 4Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA 5RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK 6Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK ABSTRACT: The Endangered northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi, like all pen- guins, is monomorphic, making sex determination of individuals in the field challenging. We examined the degree of sexual size dimorphism of adult birds across the species’ breeding range in the Atlantic Ocean and developed discriminant functions (DF) to predict individuals’ sex using morphometric measurements. We found significant site-specific differences in both bill length and bill depth, with males being the larger sex on each island. Across all islands, bill length contri - buted 78% to dissimilarity between sexes. Penguins on Gough Island had significantly longer bills, whilst those from Tristan da Cunha had the deepest. Island-specific DFs correctly classified 82−94% of individuals, and all functions performed significantly better than chance.
    [Show full text]