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L'inactiondespolitiques L’INCROYABLE VOYAGE LUTTE CONTRE L’ALCOOL: Van Gogh et Artaud, AUX ORIGINES DES MYTHES LE BACLOFÈNEAUTORISÉ unis àlafolie CULTURE &IDÉES – SUPPLÉMENT FRANCE– PAGE 13 CULTURE– PAGE 14 Samedi 15 mars 2014 - 70e année -N˚21510 - 3.80 ¤-France métropolitaine - www.lemonde.fr --- Fondateur :Hubert Beuve-Méry -Directrice:Natalie Nougayrède Alerte àlapollution: Christiane Taubira Honnie ou adulée l’inaction des politiques t Du mariage pour tous aux écoutes de Sarkozy, elle cristallise les passions politiques t Plus de trente départements sont touchés par des nuages toxiques aux particules fines t D’anciens ministres de l’écologie racontent leurs difficultés àagir face au poids des lobbies laura fallu attendre une semaine pour que plusdetrentedépartementsfrançais.Lestrans- comme cancérigènes, réduisent l’espérance de le gouvernement se décide àprendre de ports en commun sont gratuits jusqu’à diman- vie –desix àdix mois àParis –des populations I timides mesures d’urgence, jeudi 13mars, che soir en région parisienne et dans d’autres etprovoquentdesmaladiesrespiratoiresetvas- afindeluttercontrelapollutiondel’air–excep- villes comme Caen ou Rouen. culaires? tionnelle dans sa durée, son intensité et son Pourquoi un tel retard alors que ces nuages Marie-Béatrice Baudet et Pierre Le Hir amplitude territoriale –qui plombe le ciel de toxiques de particules fines, classéspar l’OMS a LIRE LA SUITE P. 7ETDÉBATS P. 18 LES ESPOIRS TRAHIS DE L’INSURRECTION SYRIENNE t Après trois ans de conflit, Bachar Al-Assad sort renforcé d’une guerre qui afait plus de 140000 morts LIRE PAGES2-3 M ● LE MAGAZINE DU «MONDE » UNIQUEMENTENFRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE,ENBELGIQUE ETAU LUXEMBOURG AUJOURD’HUI Ukraine:Washington Bataille acharnée cible les oligarques pour le rachat de SFR Dmitro Firtach, un industriel Bouygues et Numericable ukrainien proche de Vladimir se sont affrontés jusqu’à la Poutine, aété interpellé àVien- dernière minute, vendredi ne, dans le cadre d’une enquête 14mars, avant l’ouverture du ouverte par le FBI en 2006 et conseil d’administration de relancée. Un avertissement Vivendi. Celui-ci devait choisir AAlep, le 6mars, après clair des Américains, àlaveille entre l’une ou l’autre société une attaque aérienne des du référendum sur le rattache- pour le rachat de SFR. L’Etat a forces gouvernementales. ment de la Crimée àlaRussie. plaidé en faveur de Bouygues. FADI AL-HALABI/AFP INTERNATIONAL – PAGES4ET21 CAHIER ÉCO – PAGE5 SPORT&FORME Damas-Kiev:lanouvelle guerre froide F1:unobjectif, ESKENAZI ,80 arrêter Vettel es Syriens vont-ils payer lesconséquences.C’estpeut-être sentants de Damas bloquer tout £1 pour les Ukrainiens?Les mêmedéjàlecas.Le 18février,au dialogue avec ceux de la rébel- millions de Syriens victi- moment où Kiev s’embrasait, lion. Al’ONU, le Kremlin empê- ominique a Pilotes et organisateurs ©D L mes d’un conflit atroce John Kerry accusait les Russes de che toute condamnation, même price veulent mettre fin vont-ils,enplus, subirles contre- «doubler leur mise» en Syrie. Le symbolique,des tueriesauxquel- àladomination écrasante coups de l’affaire ukrainienne? secrétaired’EtatjugeaitqueMos- les se livre le régime. UK du jeune Allemand, La réponse est oui –hélas! coutorpillaittoutepossibilitéde Il yafort àparier que le diffé- quadruple champion Posée en ces termes un tanti- solution négociée en «livrant un rend sur l’Ukraine accentue netsimplistes, la question peut surcroît d’armements» au régi- l’«obstructionnisme»russe sur du monde SUPPLÉMENT semblerabsconse.Enréalité,l’an- me de Bachar Al-Assad. la Syrie. Ainsi protégé, Bachar tagonisme croissant entre Mos- Est-cetoutàfaitunhasardsile Al-Assad marque des points. En couetWashington àpropos des programme de désarmement juin,ilentendorganiserunemas- événements de Kiev aura des chimique de la Syrie, sur lequel carade d’élections et se procla- LE MUSÉE répercussions ailleurs. Américains et Russes ont conclu mer président pour un nouveau Ce vendredi 14 mars, àdeux un accord, est au point mort mandat. DU «MONDE» depuis trois mois? Il adonné àlaguerre la forme Tout se passe comme du qu’il voulait:celle d’un affronte- «LePont de Maincy», ÉDITORIAL temps de la guerre froide. Le ment entre le dernier bastion de de Paul Cézanne règlement des conflits régio- la laïcité dans la région et une Nous poursuivons notre joursdu«référendum»sur le naux, impliquant Moscou et rébellion dominée par le djiha- exploration des chefs-d’œuvre rattachement de la Crimée àla Washington, dépend très large- disme sunnite. Même si la situa- de la peinture. Cette semaine, Russie,le secrétaired’Etat améri- ment de la relation entre le tion sur le terrain est beaucoup Le Pont de Maincy,toile cain, John Kerry, rencontrait son Kremlin et la Maison Blanche. plus complexe. emblématique de Paul Cézanne. homologue russe, Sergeï Lavrov, Entre Barack Obama et Vladimir Mais l’ensemble masque mal Parquet de qualité EN VENTE EN KIOSQUES EN FRANCE àLondres. Les deux hommes le Poutine, elle est glaciale. la réalité en Syrie. Elle est celle MÉTROPOLITAINE ET EN BELGIQUE savent:l’issueduvoteenCrimée Sur le front syrien comme en d’un régime, et d’un homme, nefaisantpasde doute,Washing- Ukraine, les Etats-Unis et la Rus- totalementauxmainsdesespar- Collection Couleurs du Temps ton répliquera par des sanctions siesontdansdescampsopposés. rains étrangers –l’encadrement (déjà annoncées) contre la Rus- Or la plupart des observateurs militaire iranien, quelque Création française réalisée àSèvres sie, et Moscou pardes mesures n’imaginent pas que la tragédie 6000combattants du Hezbol- de représailles (déjà annoncées syrienne puisse prendre fin sans lah libanais et les Russes. Bachar www.emoisetbois.com elles aussi). une entente russo-américaine. Al-Assad n’a de marge de Sauf miracle politico-diplo- Pour l’heure, les Russes yfont manœuvre que celle qu’ils veu- 12, rue de Paris-78-Port-Marly matique,lethermomètredel’an- obstacle. lent bien lui consentir. 56, rue de Cambronne -Paris 15ème 10-32-2454 Cette entreprise afait certifier sa 33, bd du général Martial Valin -Paris 15ème chaîne de contrôle. tagonisme russo-américain va Ala«conférence de paix»de En ce sens, et pour leur mal- pefc-france.org monter. Le conflit syrien, où les Genève, qui s’est tenue en heur, les Syrienssont aussi les 31, bd RichardLenoir -Paris 11ème deux pays s’affrontent,par alliés février, et dont ils sont l’un des otages de la situation àKiev ou à 14, rue de Wolfenbuttel -92-Sèvres Ouvertureprochaine :42bis av.duBac -94-LaVarenne St-Hilaire interposés, risque fort d’en subir parrains, ils ont laissé les repré- Sébastopol. p Algérie 150 DA, Allemagne 2,40¤,Andorre 2,20 ¤, Autriche 2,50 ¤, Belgique 3,80 ¤, Cameroun 1800 FCFA, Canada 4,50 $, Côte d’Ivoire 1800 FCFA, Croatie 19,50 Kn, Danemark 30 KRD, Espagne 2,30 ¤, Finlande 3,80 ¤, Gabon 1800 FCFA, Grande-Bretagne 1,80 £, Grèce 2,40 ¤, Guadeloupe-Martinique 2,20 ¤, Guyane 2,50 ¤, Hongrie 950 HUF, Irlande 2,40 ¤, Italie 2,40 ¤, Liban 6500 LBP, Luxembourg 3,80 ¤, Malte 2,50 ¤, Maroc 12 DH, Norvège 28 KRN, Pays-Bas 2,40 ¤, Portugal cont. 2,30 ¤, La Réunion 2,20 ¤, Sénégal 1800 FCFA, Slovénie 2,50 ¤, Saint-Martin 2,50 ¤, Suède 35 KRS, Suisse 3,40 CHF, TOM Avion 450 XPF, Tunisie 2,40 DT, Turquie 9TL, USA 4,50 $, Afrique CFA autres 1800 FCFA 0123 2 international Samedi 15 mars 2014 Syrie:larébellion engluée, trois ans après le début de la guerre L’opposition armée, affaiblie par ses propres divisions, perd du terrain face aux troupes de Bachar Al-Assad Amman Pour Abou Al-Majd, un grand Turquie. «Malheureusement, ce Envoyé spécial gaillardaffable,ledéclicaeulieuun plan est tombé àl’eau quelques soir de la fin de l’année 2011. AuN semaines plus tard, en raison des ’est l’histoire de trois déser- check-point, un soldat ouvre le feu rivalités entre les bailleurs de fonds teurssyriens,troishautsgra- sur lui, le manquant de peu. «ON de l’opposition»,ajoute-t-il dans C m’a dit que c’était une erreur de tir. une allusion àlalutte d’influence dés idéalistes, qui ont cru possible de renverser le régime, Moi je pense que c’était une tentati- entre le Qatar et l’Arabie saoudite. qui se sont même vus participer à ve d’assassinat.J’étais le seul officier Lesingérences s’intensifient dans la victoire finale et remâchent suNNitedemabase, et mon rejet de les mois suivant, accentuant l’écla- aujourd’hui leur amertume, dans la répression était bien connu.» tement de la rébellion, que mine les cafés d’Amman et d’Irbid, en Quelques jours plus tard, àla aussi l’afflux de djihadistes étran- Jordanie. Le général Assad Al-Zoa- faveur d’une permission, il envoie gers dans le nord du pays. bi, 58 ans, une gloire de l’aviation sa famille àIrbid, de l’autre côté de Le régime, lui, parvient àresser- syrienne,legénéral Ahmed Tlass, la frontière syro-jordanienne, et rer les rangs. Les officiers suscepti- ancien responsable du carnet de rejoint les combattants de l’Armée bles de basculer sont enfermés commandes de l’armée, et Abou syrienne libre (ASL), la branche dans leur cantonnement, et leur Al-Majd,lepseudonymed’uncolo- modérée de l’insurrection, àDeraa. famille placée sous surveillance. nel de 41 ans qui dirigeait une usi- «Jen’ai jamais aimé ce régime «Apartir du début de l’année 2013, ne d’assemblage de missiles. d’opportunistes», confie Assad le flot des défections s’est tari»,se De leur défection secrète àleur Al-Zoabi. Son aura de pilote éméri- remémore le général Al-Zoabi. marginalisation par les islamistes, te –3000 heures de vol, ainsi Insensiblement,lesanti-Assadper- en passant par les combats sur le qu’une dizaine d’accrochages avec dent le pari du retournement des front sud, les contacts avec les des jets israéliens –, ne suffit pas à forces armées, facteur décisif dans espions occidentaux et les réu- contrebalancer la méfiance que lui la chute de Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali nions de l’opposition àIstanbul, le vaut sonstatut de sunnite.
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