DOCSLIB.ORG

Latin America Timeli

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Latin America Timeli ., ,190 SII(;I;I':STLIl I!EAIlINt:~ Inforprcss CcntrO,"llIll"ican;1 The Natio" 9a Calle "A," 3-56, z.l P.O. !lox lOS:! Guatemala Marion, Ohio 13:J05 Institute for Policy Studies Resource The National Catholic Heporter Materials on U.S. Military Assis­ P.O. Box 281 tance in Central America Kansas City, MO 64141 Institute for Policy Studies 1901 Q Street, N.W. News from Guatemala Washington, D.C. 20009 P.O. Box 335, Station R Chronology of Events* Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1G 4C3 LADOC Latinamerica Press New Left Review Apartado 5594 7 Carlisle Street 1821-Central America follows the example of Agustin Iturbide in Mexico Lima 100, Peru London WIV6NL and declares independence from Spain. England 1822-Central America joins Iturbide's Mexican Empire. Latin America Update Washington Office on Latin America Newsletter of the Heligious Task Force 1823-Iturbide is overthrown and Central America declares itself indepen­ 110 Maryland Avenue, N.W. for El Salvador dent as the United Provinces of Central America. 1747 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20002 1823-President James Monroe, fearing an attempt by Spain to restore its Washington, D.C. 20009 Latin American Perspectives authority over its rebellious New World colonies, declares that the United P.O. Box 792 Nicaraguan Perspectives States will tolerate no further European intervention in the affairs of the Riverside, CA 92502 Nicaragua Information Oenter nations of Central and South America. P.O. Box 1004 1833-The first major peasant rebellion in EI Salvador occurs. It is led by Latin America Weekly Report and Berkeley, CA !H704 Latin America Regional Reports: the Indian Anastasio Aquino. Mexico and Central America Socialist Review 1838 -The United Provinces of Central America collapses, and conservative Latin American Newsletters Ltd. 4228 Telegraph Avenue caudillos come to power. 91-93 Charterhouse Street Oakland, CA 94609 1846-California is seized by the United States, starting talk of an inter­ London ECIM 6UR, England Washington Report on the oceanic passageway through Nicaragua as a way to shorten the journey Monthly Review Hemisphere from New York to the West Coast. (Council of Hemispheric Affairs) 62 W. 14th Street 18'18-Cornelius Vanderbilt establishes the Atlantic and Pacific Steam Co., New York, N.Y, 10011 1900 L Street, N. W., Suite 201 Washington, D.C. 20006 which transports passengers across Nicaragua. NACLA Report all the Americas 1854-The U.S. military destroys the Nicaraguan city of San Juan del Norte North American Congress on Latin in retaliation for an insult to the American Minister to Nicaragua. America 151 W. 19th Street, 9th Floor 1855 - North American adventurer William Walker invades Nicaragua, with New York, N.Y. 10011 the aim of establishing a slave SLate there, and declares himself President. 1857-The U.S. military, with help from Vanderbilt, invades Nicaragua in an attempt to overthrow Walker. Walker is ultimately defeated by a force of Costa Ricans at Rivas. 1880-191O-The feudal hacienda system of EI Salvador usurps large tracts of communal peasant land for coffee-growing. Peasants evicted from these lands are forced to become sharecroppers and bondservants. "Sources from which this chronology was taken include the foltowing: El Salvador: Background to the Crisis (Central America.n Information Office, 1982); Arnon Ha.dar, The United States and El S,t/vador: Political and Military Involvement (u.s.-m Salvador Research and Information Center, 1981); San Francisco Examiner, "The Tortured Land: Key Dates ill the History of Central America," July 25, 1982; and the articles appearing in this volume. 491 ~Iq~ ·IH:~ ( 111(11·.llI tll;; ( '!"<I""/"f:Y HI.I 1.'19·1 /lmfJ A snil's "I' 1'0111 .S. Illlil!;lI y illtn \'·Id.ioll·; III :\,('.11",'.11 •• to protect U.S. intne~ts. trwt,;!l!za, the slaught"L AglistiH Farahulldo Marti, a h';ld('r of 1.11(' IH·a~:tIl!.ll, was arrested by the govern ment a I'ew days before the massacre. 1899-Minor Kcith, a North A!lll'ric<1n, rounds tit(' Unitl·d Frllit. Company in Honduras. 1944-·-Ncrvous about popular unrest in EI Salvador, the Unitcd States advises General Martinez to rcsign. Military rule continues. 1903-U.S. military intervcnt.ion in Honduras t.o proted U.S. illtncHt.s. 1948-The Partido Revolucionario de Unificacion Democratica (Revolution­ 1903 Thc United States sponsors a revolt in Panama resulting ill l'anama's ary Party of Democratic Unification-PRUD) is founded in EI Salvador. Its independence from Colombia, which clears the way for the cOTl~truction of leader, Oscar Osorio, is president from 1950 to 1956. This is the beginning the Panama Canal. of a period of industrialization. 1903-04-A series of U.S. military interventions in Panama during and 1954-The democratically elected, progressive government of President Ar­ following the revolt. against Colombia. benz in Guatemala is ovcrthrown in a U.S.-sponsored coup carried out by 1904-President Theodore Roosevelt adds the Roosevelt Corollary to the the CIA, initiating a string of .military governments that has continucd up Monroe Doctrine. Under the Corollary, the U.S. takes on thc role of an to the present. "international police force" in Central America. 1961-Frente Sandinista dc Liberacion Nacional (Sandinista National Lib­ 1907--U.S. military intervention in Honduras during a war between Hon­ eration Front) is founded in Nicaragua. duras and Nicaragua. 1961-The right-wing anti-communist group ORDEN is founded in EI Sal­ 1909--Conservative revolt supported by U.S. marines in Nicaragua over­ vador by General Jose Alberto Medrano. throws Libcral government of Jose Santos Zelaya. 1961-The Central American Common Market is formed. 1914--Panama Canal opens. 1969-The Soccer War breaks out between EI Salvador and Honduras. The 1912-25-Prcsence of U.S. Marines maintains Conservatives in power in Central American Common Market collapses. face of continued Liberal rebellion in Nicaragua. I970-present---Period of increasing violence and civil war throughout the 1920-U.S. military intervention in Guatemala during a period of fighting region. Civil wars in Guatemala, Nicaragua and EI Salvador. Intensified between trade unionists and the government. repression by government forces and right-wing death squads. Growth of popular movements and guerrilla organizations. 1921-Unrest in San Salvador. Women strikers are killed and a shoemakers' strikc is brutally crushed. 1977-Carter Administration cuts off military aid to Guatemala because of continuing human rights violations there. 1924-Regional Federation of Workers of El Salvador is established with 80,000 members; it afftliates with thc Central American Workers I"ederation. Jan. 10, 1978-Managua newspaper editor Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, lead­ ing critic of the Somoza regime, is assassinated, presumably at the orders 1925-Strikes and rent riots in Panama lead to the landing of about 600 U.S. troops. of dictator Anastasio Somoza Debaylc. The death of the widely respected editor sparks rioting and serves as a catalyst in bringing together anti­ 1928-34-Augusto Sandino leads a guerrilla war against U.S. forces in Somoza forces. Nicaragua. The U.S. forces leave in 1934, but Sandino is killed by the Aug. 22, 1978-A group of 25 Sandinistas led by Commander Zero-Eden U.S.-trained National Guard of Anastasio Somoza Garda aftcr having been Pastora-takes the National Palace in Managua, holding 1,500 hostages, tricked into disbanding his guerrilla army. Somoza initiates a dynasty which rules Nicaragua for the next 45 years. including 49 deputies of the national assembly. The two-day occupation focuses world attention on Nicaragua and the Sandinistas. 1931-The Communist Party of El Salvador wins a number of municipal 19, 1979-Sandinista forces begin their final offensive from Costa Rica. elections. General Mart..inez, the military dictator, refuses to accept the electoral results. June 20, 1979-ABC correspondent Bill Stewart is murdered by a National Guardsman in Managua in full view of U.S. tclevision cameras. 1931-44-Martfnez rules El Salvador for 13 years, his preventing industrialization. 17, 1979-Somoza resigns and goes into exile in Miami. His National Guard surrenders to the Sandinistas two days later. 1932-Brutal suppression of a peasant uprising in EI Salvador results in the massacre of up to 30,000 men, women and children. The vast majority of Oct. 15, 1979--Reform-minded officers in EI Salvador overthrow the dic­ the victims are killed alter the uprising has been stamped out. Indians are tatorship of General Carlos Humberto Romero. the target of especially brutal repression, and the massacre has the effect Jan. 3, 198rJ.Mass resignations from the Salvadorean government, includ­ of wiping Ollt indigenous culture. The massacre has become known as la ing the three civilians in the junta. ('IIIlIl',(11 (II;' ,III '. ( '111 ",,,,I"I:Y ·1!I~1 .Ii111. 10, Imw A Sf"011.1 ,111111a I', f'orllJl'd III 1·:1 Salv;"I"l, lw() I'lOlIIIlII'II1. {v/:t,,/, :I, UI.'i/ l{"agan adillinistration allIlOllrIC('S that :.m IllOrp U.S. mili­ Christiall D{'lIlo('fats Iill vaeallej,·s in 111,' jl/llta, tary advisns will be sent to EI Salvador, bringing the total Humber to Marcil 6, 1980 The Salvador{':tn junta allflOUfl"{'S plans for agrarian [(·forlll. more than 50. It also announces $25 million in additional military aid to This is followed by an upsurge in gov('rIlIllI'nL repression, El Salvador. March 0, 1980--A third Salvadorean junta is formed . .Jose Napole(ln Duartc June 1981-Credibility of State Department's white paper destroyed by of the PDC joins the junta. Mass PDC defections by IllclllbNS unwilling to several articles in the U.S. press which refute it on every point.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Memory in Search of History and Democracy Editor’S Letter by June Carolyn Erlick
    fall 2013 harvard review of latin america memory in search of history and democracy editor’s letter by june carolyn erlick The Past Is Present Irma Flaquer’s image as a 22-year-old Guatemalan reporter stares from the pages of a 1960 harvard review of latin america Time magazine, her eyes blackened by a government mob that didn’t like her feisty stance. fall 2013 She never gave up, fighting with her pen against the long dictatorship, suffering a car bomb Volume Xiii no. 1 explosion in 1970, then being dragged by her hair from her car one October ten years later and disappearing. Published by the david Rockefeller Center I knew she was courageous. I became intrigued by her relentless determination—why did for Latin American Studies she keep on writing? However, the case was already old even in 1996, when the Inter Ameri- Harvard university volume Xiii no. 1 can Press Association (IAPA) assigned me the investigation for its new Impunity Project. Irma David Rockefeller Center was one of Guatemala’s 45,000 disappeared—one of thousands in Latin America, men and for Latin American Studies women forcibly vanished, mostly killed. Yet I learned from the investigation that disappear- director ance is a crime against humanity, a crime not subject to a statute of limitations. Merilee S. Grindle memory And I also learned from Irma’s courageous sister Anabella that it really is a crime that executive director in eVery issue never ends. “They took my moral support, my counselor; in killing my sister, they stole my Kathy Eckroad human right,” Anabella told IAPA members at a Los Angeles meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 1991 One Dollar Washington, D.C
    ONVERGIENC Winter 1991 One Dollar Washington, D.C. 'A coup: a spirit at odds with liberty' Despite end of cold war, Congress votes to increase Presiden,.,tini covert ops power Last year began with the promise of a "peace dividend" and ended with preparations for war on a scale unknown since Vietnam. At press time it was not clear if the Gulf crisis would be resolved by negotiations or escalate into a shooting war. One outcome was already certain, however: Despite the end of the Cold War, the President and his supporters in Congress believe the United States must act as a military superpower into the indefinite future. The peace dividend was not the only casualty of the Gulf crisis: So was the constitutional responsibility of Congress to declare war. President Bush now claims the right to send United States troops into action on his own author- Slain D.E.A. agent Enrique Camarena ity. He is also claiming expanded powers to conduct covert operations—a D.E.A. agents condemn form of secret, undeclared war—without the consent of Congress. This issue of Convergence centers on the human and moral costs of covert link between CIA, operations, both in the past and the future. We introduce the subject with a warning by Bill Moyers from "High Crimes and Misdemeanors," a recent drug traffickers Frontline special aired on the Public Broadcasting System. "Basic constitutional issues still have not been confronted. Can a Presi- Page 3 dent, on his own, wage a war that Congress opposes? And how are we the people to hold our leaders accountable if we are kept in the dark about their deeds? What happened in Iran-contra was nothing less than the systematic John Hug disregard for democracy itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Noam Chomsky: Deterring Democracy
    Deterring Democracy Noam Chomsky Copyright © 1991, 1992 Go to the Content Overview (brief) Go to the Table of Contents (detailed) In this highly praised and widely debated book, Noam Chomsky, America's leading dissident intellectual, offers a revelatory portrait of the American empire and the danger it poses for democracy, both at home and abroad. Chomsky details the major shift in global politics that has left the United States unchallenged as the preeminent military power even as its economic might has declined drastically in the face of competition from Germany and Japan. Deterring Democracy points to the potentially catastrophic consequences of this new imbalance, and reveals a world in which the United States exploits its advantage ruthlessly to enforce its national interests -- from Nicaragua to the Philippines, Panama to the Middle East. The new world order (in which the New World gives the orders) has arrived. Audacious in argument and ambitious in scope, Deterring Democracy is an essential guide to democratic prospects in the perilous 1990s. "Deterring Democracy is a volatile, serious contribution to the debate over America's role as the globe's sole remaining superpower." -- San Francisco Chronicle "Chomsky is the Left's answer to William F. Buckley." -- Los Angeles Times "A compendious and thought-provoking work..." --The New Statesman "Noam Chomsky...is a major scholarly resource. Not to have read [him]...is to court genuine ignorance." --The Nation Archive | ZNet Deterring Democracy Noam Chomsky Copyright © 1991, 1992 Content
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict, Change and Social Relations in a Costa Rican Border Village: An
    Conflict, Change and Social Relations in a Costa Rican Border Village: An Ethnographic Study of Delta, Costa Rica Chelsea Good Abbas Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2020 Chelsea Good Abbas All Rights Reserved Abstract Conflict, Change and Social Relations in a Costa Rican Border Village: An Ethnographic Study of Delta, Costa Rica Chelsea Good Abbas This research examined the political narratives of national leaders regarding an international border dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua from 2010-2015 and the subsequent social relations in an affected border village known as Delta, Costa Rica. Based on eighteen months of qualitative and quantitative ethnographic research conducted on the binational border, this work documents political discourses about the conflicted territory, referred to as Isla Calero or Isla Portillos, through first-hand interviews with national figures and military officials central to the conflict. These discourses are then juxtaposed to the lived realities in the village through an ethnographic analysis of social relations and community happenings amid this conflict. Particular attention is paid to the patrón-peon relationship between Costa Rican farm owners and Nicaraguan migrant workers, and how this relation exists in the midst of an unprecedented influx of police, military personnel , and security infrastructure beginning in 2010. To accomplish this goal, the first section of this work provides a detailed report of the rapid changes and security developments that took place in the community of Delta, Costa Rica. An analysis of the different political discourses and narratives to justify these rapid actions follows.
    [Show full text]
  • Comics and Conflict: Arw and Patriotically Themed Comics in American Cultural History from World War Ii Through the Iraq War
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2011 Comics and Conflict: arW and Patriotically Themed Comics in American Cultural History From World War Ii Through the Iraq War Cord A. Scott Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Scott, Cord A., "Comics and Conflict: arW and Patriotically Themed Comics in American Cultural History From World War Ii Through the Iraq War" (2011). Dissertations. 74. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/74 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2011 Cord A. Scott LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO COMICS AND CONFLICT: WAR AND PATRIOTICALLY THEMED COMICS IN AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY FROM WORLD WAR II THROUGH THE IRAQ WAR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN HISTORY BY CORD A. SCOTT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2011 Copyright by Cord A. Scott, 2011 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is not the product of a single person, but also reflects the contributions of many who helped in its creation and refinement. While the final result (and mistakes) are mine alone, I was assisted by many people whose help and input must be acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawsuit Identifies 'Secret Team' Christic Institute Names 11111111 1191 Key Iran/Contra Suspects Months Before Scandal
    Lawsuit identifies 'secret team' Christic Institute names 11111111 1191 key Iran/contra suspects months before scandal By RUSTY MARTIN and ANDY LANG In a civil lawsuit filed last year in Miami Federal Court, the Christic Institute has charged that the contra leadership and their private supporters planned the assassination of an American ambassador to provoke United States intervention in Nicaragua. The lawsuit, which stems from a terrorist bombing in 1984, also alleges that the contras organized a complex operation to Karen Silkwood smuggle cocaine to several cities in the United States. But the principal issue in the case, says Institute General Counsel Daniel Sheehan, centers on the covert operations of a Silkwood case "secret team" of retired Government officials and anti- ends in victory Communist extremists who organize political assassinations and for family terrorist attacks on a global scale. According to Institute sources, the "team" was reactivated by Lt. Col. Oliver North to Page 3 train and equip the contras. The lawsuit was filed in May 1986 in United States District Court, Southern District of Florida. Institute attorneys are act- C. I. South defends ing as "private attorneys general," using a Federal statute directed against organized crime to prosecute a shadowy group civil liberties, whose activities until now have been a carefully guarded voting rights secret. The case will be heard in Miami by Judge James L. King. On Page 4 Jan. 30 King denied motions filed by the defendants to dismiss the lawsuit, preparing the way for a jury trial next year. The ruling means that the Christic Institute now has almost The story the same investigative powers as the Special Prosecutor and the of a contra special Congressional committees appointed to probe the Iran/contra scandal, including the power to subpoena bank named David records and interrogate witnesses under oath.
    [Show full text]
  • Guns In, Drugs Out: Christie Lawsuit Exposes Secret War Our Not So Free Press Constitutional Wrongs
    IHEVOLUME iiiiTiils* 70 NUMBER* 9 SEPTEMBER 1987 s publication. and reuse • • • for Guns in, drugs out: required Christie lawsuit exposes secret war Permission Susan Pierce DFMS. / Church Our not so free press Michael Parenti Episcopal the of Constitutional wrongs Charles V. Willie Archives 2020. Copyright Letters No anomaly here unions were racist, sexist and indifferent CA issue priceless Your June editorial quotes Nathaniel to low yield folk such as migrant labor The June 1987 issue of THE WITNESS Pierce: "Some Episcopalians — Bush, and domestics. is priceless, and I need five more copies. Weinberger, Poindexter, North ~ sup- Episcopalians were (and are) racist, We have a Peace Coalition here in Erie port our government's efforts in sexist and indifferent to low yield eco- and I want to share this information Nicaragua ... the Episcopal Church in nomic groups. Indeed, there is a contin- about Central America — as our mem- Nicaragua is a part of our church uing indifference by bishops of the bers are eager to learn facts. Thanks for community ... I can think of no more church to racist, sexist and economic THE WITNESS. We read every word. important task for the Standing Com- practices. The "unity" of the House of Martha Kate Barnhart mission on Peace for the Episcopal Bishops has been more important than Erie, Pa. Church to address than that situation in the unity of the Body of Christ. The publication. which Episcopalian is killing Epis- House of Bishops found unity with die Issues widely read and copalian." The editorial said, "Pierce Church of Rome and the Church of We definitely would be poorer without points out an anomaly in the present de- England more important than unity with THE WITNESS.
    [Show full text]
  • Fritz 1995.Pdf
    KU ScholarWorks | The University of Kansas Central American Theses and Dissertations Collection http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Southern Opposition Front in Costa Rica During the Contra War: 1980-1988 by Bruce W. Fritz B. A., Wichita State University, 1992 Professor in Charge Charles L. Stansifer Committee Members Robert Tomasek Orlando Pérez The University of Kansas has long historical connections with Central America and the many Central Americans who have earned graduate degrees at KU. This work is part of the Central American Theses and Dissertations collection in KU ScholarWorks and is being made freely available with permission of the author through the efforts of Professor Emeritus Charles Stansifer of the History department and the staff of the Scholarly Communications program at the University of Kansas Libraries’ Center for Digital Scholarship. THE ^SOUTHERN OPPOSITION FRONT IN COSTA RICA DURING THE CONTRA WAR: 1980-1988 By Bruce W. J^ritz B.A., Wichita State University, 1992 Submitted to the Department of Latin American Studies and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. // Professor in Charg ^ , , ittee/ M^mbers / n Date/Date'Thesi' s Accepted RDDH7T A517M MAY 15 1S96 ABSTRACT When one considers the Contras—the forces that opposed the Sandinista government of Nicaragua—the natural propensity is to view these forces as a monolithic institution. The purpose of this thesis is to draw a clear distinction between the Contras that were based in Honduras and the Southern Opposition Front (SOF) that was based in Costa Rica; more than geography separated these two fronts that opposed the FSLN government in the Contra War.
    [Show full text]
  • Hull Faces Murder Indictment
    CON V ERGENC The Christic Institute Spring 1990 One Dollar Washington, D.C. Hull faces murder indictment Prosecutors' report in Costa Rica confirms Christic charges By RICK EMRICH and ANDY IANG The Costa Rican state prosecutor's office has requested murder indict- ments against North American rancher John Hull and Cuban-American mercenary Felipe Vidal, two key defendants in the Christic Institute's La Penca lawsuit. Costa Rican prosecutors say the two men, who worked for Oliver North's illegal operation to equip the contras, planned the 1984 terror- ist bombing in La Penca, Nicaragua, which killed United States journal- ist Linda Frazier and several others. The prosecutors' 54-page report, released in early January, is the most dramatic confirmation to date of Ferdinand Marcos the basic charges outlined by the Christic Institute when the La Penca lawsuit was filed in Miami Federal court in May 1986 on behalf of held responsible journalist Martha Honey and her husband, Tony Avirgan. Avirgan was one of the reporters wounded in the explosion. for two murders The report says that the bombing was organized by a network oper- ating inside Costa Rica with links to the Central Intelligence Agency Page 11 and former Panamanian strongman Manuel Noriega. In addition to Hull and Vidal, it recommends the indictment of 28 Costa Rican and United States citizens for a number of crimes, including murder, Black islanders violations of Costa Rican neutrality, dereliction of duty and graft. Seven of the 28 are defendants in the La Penca lawsuit. fight developers Hull, who owns a sprawling ranch in northern Costa Rica near the border with Nicaragua, is now a fugitive from Costa Rican justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of Nicaragua
    MEMORIAL OF NICARAGUA MÉMOIRE DU NICARAGUA PART ONE THE EVIDENCE- ~ -- OF-. COSTA ~ ~ RICA'S LEGAL- - RESPONSIBII~II'YFOR MlLlTARY AND POI.II'ICAL ACTIVITII.:S INTEKDEI) TO OVI<RTHROW THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA INTRODUCTION 1. On 28 July 1986, Nicaragua filed its Application in the Court alleging that Costa Rica, by organizing, assisting, fomenting, participating in and tolerating acts of armed force in and against the territory of Nicaragua, committed by armed bands of counter-revolutionaries hased in Costa Rican territory had violated its obligations ta Nicaragua under international law. The Application asked that the Court declare the conduct of Costa Rica to be in breach of inter- national law and to order Costa Rica to cease and desist from such activities. II rcquesied the Court IO declaie ihat Co\ta Rica is undrr a dut). IO make com- pensation for al1 injury caused ta Nicaragua hv ihr brca:he\ oi intcrnaiional la\\, found by the Court. 2. On 17 October 1986, time-limits were set for the presentation of written Memorials on the merits of the case, under which the Memorial of Nicaragua was to be filed on 21 July 1987, and the Memorial of Costa Rica was to be filed nine months later. On 16 July 1987, the Court extended the date for the presen- tation of Nicaragua's Memorial to 10 August 1987. CHAPTER 1. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE 3. The Government of Costa Rica has permitted counter-revolutionary organizations dedicated to the armed overthrow of the Government of Nicaragua to use Costa Rican territory to conduct military and political activities against Nicaragua, and has actively collaborated in these activities.
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence Emerges in La Penca Bombing Case Erika Harding
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 8-6-1993 Commentary: New Evidence Emerges In La Penca Bombing Case Erika Harding Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation Harding, Erika. "Commentary: New Evidence Emerges In La Penca Bombing Case." (1993). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ notisur/11109 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 057429 ISSN: 1060-4189 Commentary: New Evidence Emerges In La Penca Bombing Case by Erika Harding Category/Department: General Published: Friday, August 6, 1993 [On Aug. 1, the Miami Herald carried a story on the identity of the individual responsible for the 1984 La Penca bombing, which took place at a Nicaraguan rebel camp (for previous coverage of investigations into the La Penca bombing see Central America Update 03/27/87, 03/09/90, 11/20/92). The following commentary was written by Tony Avirgan, one of those wounded in the La Penca bombing. The story is reproduced with permission of the author. Avirgan, who worked as a freelance journalist in Central America for ten years, now lives in Maryland. A few days after publication of the Miami Herald story, authorities in Costa Rica confirmed that investigations into the La Penca case will be reopened.] By Tony Avirgan A nine-year search is over.
    [Show full text]
  • FOIA Logs for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for 1999-2004
    Description of document: FOIA CASE LOGS for: The Central Intelligence Agency, Washington DC for 1999 - 2004 Posted date: 10-December-2007 Title of Document 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Case Log, Unclassified - 2003 Case Log, Unclassified - 1 Jan 04 - l2 Nov 04 Case Log Date/date range of document: 05-January-1999 – 10-November-2004 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 20505 Notes: Some Subject of Request fields truncated The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file Unclassified l Jan 04 - l2 Nov 04 Case Loq Creation Date Case Number Case Subject 6-Jan-04 F-2004-00573 JAMES M. PERRY (DECEASED HUSBAND) 6-Jan-04 F-2004-00583 CIA'S SECRET MANUAL ON COERCIVE QUESTIONING DATED 1963. INDEx/DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS USED BY CIA; GUIDANCE FOR 6-Jan-04 F-2004-00585 OBTAINING TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF PUBLIC INFORMATION FROM CIA; FEE SCHEDULE; DETERMINATION OF WHETHER A RECORD CAN BE RELEASED OR NOT.
    [Show full text]