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Transfer of Islamic Science to the West
Transfer of Islamic Science to the West IMPORTANT NOTICE: Author: Prof. Dr. Ahmed Y. Al-Hassan Chief Editor: Prof. Dr. Mohamed El-Gomati All rights, including copyright, in the content of this document are owned or controlled for these purposes by FSTC Limited. In Production: Savas Konur accessing these web pages, you agree that you may only download the content for your own personal non-commercial use. You are not permitted to copy, broadcast, download, store (in any medium), transmit, show or play in public, adapt or Release Date: December 2006 change in any way the content of this document for any other purpose whatsoever without the prior written permission of FSTC Publication ID: 625 Limited. Material may not be copied, reproduced, republished, Copyright: © FSTC Limited, 2006 downloaded, posted, broadcast or transmitted in any way except for your own personal non-commercial home use. Any other use requires the prior written permission of FSTC Limited. You agree not to adapt, alter or create a derivative work from any of the material contained in this document or use it for any other purpose other than for your personal non-commercial use. FSTC Limited has taken all reasonable care to ensure that pages published in this document and on the MuslimHeritage.com Web Site were accurate at the time of publication or last modification. Web sites are by nature experimental or constantly changing. Hence information published may be for test purposes only, may be out of date, or may be the personal opinion of the author. Readers should always verify information with the appropriate references before relying on it. -
Río Guadalquiviravenida De Fray Albino Comisaría De Policía Police Station
1. Mezquita-Catedral (G;4) Mosque-Cathedral 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos (H;3-4) Fortress of the Christian Kings 3. Puente Romano (H;4-5) Roman Bridge 64 4. Torre de la Calahorra (I;5-6) Calahorra Tower 5. Puerta del Puente (H;5) The Bridge Gateway 66 6. Triunfo de San Rafael (G;4) Thriumph of Saint Raphael 7. Museo Diocesano - Palacio Episcopal (G;4) Diocesan Museum - Episcopal Palace 63 65 8. Antiguo Hospital de San Sebastián (G;4) Formerly Hospital of Saint Sebastian Avenida de la Libertad 9. Molino de la Albolafia (H;4) Albolafia water mill 10. Baños Árabes del Alcázar Califal (G-H;3) Arabian Baths from Caliphal Alcazar 67 Avenida de Barcelona 11. Caballerizas Reales (H;3) Royal Stables Plaza 58 12.. Barrio del Alcázar Viejo - San Basilio (H-I;2-3) Old Alcazar Neighbourhood - Saint Basil de Colón 13. Puerta de Sevilla (I;2) Sevilla Door 56 14. Museo Taurino (G;3) Bullfighting Museum 15. Zoco Municipal (G;3) Municipal Craftsman Market Avenida de AméricaAvenida de Cervantes 16. Casa de Sefarad (G;3) Hause of Sefarad 57 54 17. Sinagoga (G;3) Synagoghe 68 Avenida de 18. Puerta de Almodóvar (F;3) Almodovar Door 55 Avenida del Gran Capitán Gran del Avenida 59 19. Casa del Indiano (F;3) Hause of the Indian 60 20. Capilla de San Bartolomé (G;3) Chapel of San Bartolome 61 21. Plaza del Cardenal Salazar (F-G;3-4) Place of Cardinal Salazar los Mozárabes 62 22. -
Andalusia Guidebook
ANDALUSIA UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route ANDALUSIA UMAYYAD ROUTE ANDALUSIA UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route Andalusia. Umayyad Route 1st Edition 2016 Published by Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí Texts Index Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí Town Councils on the Umayyad Route in Andalusia Photographs Photographic archive of the Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí, Alcalá la Real Town Council, Algeciras Town Council, Almuñecar Town Council, Carcabuey Town Council, Cordoba City Council, Écija Town Council, Medina Sidonia Introduction Town Council, Priego de Cordoba Town Council, Zuheros Town Council, Cordoba Tourism Board, Granada Provincial Tourism Board, Seville Tourism Consortium, Ivan Zoido, José Luis Asensio Padilla, José Manuel Vera Borja, Juan Carlos González-Santiago, Xurxo Lobato, Inmaculada Cortés, Eduardo Páez, Google (Digital Globe) The ENPI Project 7 Design and layout The Umayyads in Andalusia 8 José Manuel Vargas Diosayuda. Editorial design The Umayyad Route 16 Printing ISBN: 978-84-96395-86-2 Itinerary Legal Depositit Nº. Gr-1511-2006 All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced either entirely or in part, nor may it be recorded or transmitted Algeciras 24 by a system of recovery of information, in any way or form, be it mechanical, photochemical, electronic, magnetic, Medina Sidonia 34 electro-optic by photocopying or any other means, without written permission from the publishers. Seville 44 © for the publication: Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí © for the texts: their authors Carmona 58 © for the photographs: their authors Écija 60 The Umayyad Route is a project financed by the ENPI (the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument) Cordoba 82 led by the Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí. -
Murallas Con Adarves Y Merlones Y Murallas Desmochadas De La Arquitectura Militar De Al-Andalus Y
MURALLAS CON ADARVES Y MERLONES Y MURALLAS DESMOCHADAS DE LA ARQUITECTURA MILITAR DE AL-ANDALUZ Y EL NORTE DE ÁFRICA. TERCERA PARTE. CÓRDOBA, SEVILLA Y ALMERIA Basilio Pavón Maldonado 1 Resumen: Estado de la cuestión y avance de las murallas hispanomusulmanas de Andalucía en la alta y baja Edad Media: Córdoba, Sevilla, Almeria. 2 3 El ángulo suroeste de la medina de Córdoba: 1, mezquita aljama; ubicación del alcázar omeya, 2; expansión hacia occidente incluido el alcázar nuevo o cristiano 3. C Ó R D O B A Córdoba fue corte y sede de los soberanos omeyas desde el advenimiento de Abd al- Rahman I (755), a raíz de los comienzos del Califato la ciudad más floreciente de Occidente. Metrópoli de un gran estado, Al- Andalus, en los reinados de Abd al-Rahman II, Abd al-Rahman III y al-Hakam II mantuvo relaciones muy fructuosas con Bizancio, Bagdad y El Cairo, contactos que explican el ejemplar cruce de culturas que se dio en la ciudad del que nació una nueva arquitectura híbrida entre occidental y oriental. Córdoba fue centro y luminaria de poder, magnificencia y saber irradiando su luz al Norte de África y a los más apartados rincones de las Marcas Inferior, Media y Superior. Figura 1. Planos de Córdoba romana y árabe: 1, de Santos Gener; 2, según Ibáñez, según información de Montejo y Garriguet; A, R, Castejón (1929); B, plano de las puertas de la medina según Ocaña Jiménez: Bab al-Madid, postigo, Bab al- Abbar, postigo, Bab Luyun, Bab Amir, Bab al-Yawz, Bab, Bab Isbiliya, Bab-Qantara. -
Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) Over the Centuries Worldwide
Water 2015, 7, 5031-5060; doi:10.3390/w7095031 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Review Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide Stavros I. Yannopoulos 1,*, Gerasimos Lyberatos 2, Nicolaos Theodossiou 3, Wang Li 4, Mohammad Valipour 5, Aldo Tamburrino 6 and Andreas N. Angelakis 7 1 Faculty of Engineering, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece 2 School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechneiou 5, Zographou GR-15780, Greece; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Water Resources History, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100048, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] 7 Institute of Iraklion, National Foundation for Agricultural Research (NAGREF), Iraklion GR-71307, Greece; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2310-996-114; Fax: +30-2310-996-403. Academic Editor: Miklas Scholz Received: 14 May 2015 / Accepted: 8 September 2015 / Published: 17 September 2015 Abstract: The evolution of the major achievements in water lifting devices with emphasis on the major technologies over the centuries is presented and discussed. -
Du Puits Au Cadi. Gestion Et Conflits De L'alimentation En Eau À Cordoue (Viiie-Xiiie Siècles)
Du puits au cadi. Gestion et conflits de l’alimentation en eau à Cordoue (VIIIe-XIIIe siècles) Del pozo al cadí. Gestión y conflictos acerca del abastecimiento de agua en Córdoba (ss. VIII-XIII) From the well to the cadi. Management and conflicts of the water supply in Cordoba (8th-13th centuries) Christine MAZZOLI-GUINTARD Université de Nantes [email protected] Recibido: 5 de febrero de 2014 Aceptado: 5 de marzo de 2014 RÉSUMÉ: À partir des données textuelles et archéologiques, est ici posée la question de l’alimentation en eau de Cordoue à l’époque islamique, en particulier celle des acteurs à l’origine du réseau de puits et de fontaines qui approvisionnaient la ville. L’alimentation en eau de Cordoue reposait sur un équilibre entre initiatives des particuliers, qui ont assuré eux-mêmes l’approvisionnement de leur maison et ont géré les structures hydrauliques de leur quartier, et interventions des autorités politiques, qui se sont en premier lieu préoccupées de l’alimentation en eau de leurs palais, puis de l’intérêt général, en approvisionnant la grande mosquée et en aménageant quelques fontaines. Mots-clés: alimentation en eau, Cordoue, puits, fontaines, quartiers. RESUMEN: A partir de los datos textuales y arqueológicos, se examina el abastecimiento de agua en la Córdoba andalusí, en particular en cuanto a los actores que suscitan la red de pozos y fuentes que abastecían la ciudad. El abastecimiento de agua en Córdoba se hacía mediante un equilibrio entre las iniciativas de los individuos, que aseguraron ellos mismos el abastecimiento de su casa y gestionaron las estructuras hidraúlicas de su barrio, y las intervenciones de las autoridades políticas, que se preocuparon primero del abastecimiento de sus palacios, y luego del bien común, al abastecer la mezquita aljama y al acondicionar varias fuentes. -
About Córdoba
About Córdoba José Ignacio Cubero The author would like to thanks Dr. Fred Muehlbauer for his revision and valuable critical comments Cover photo by Álvaro Jimena ABOUT CÓRDOBA by Professor José Ignacio Cubero Salmerón CONTENTS 1. About Córdoba 2 2. Food and Drink 16 2.1. Wines (and other drinks) 17 2.2. Olive oil and Olives 19 2.3. Jamón Ibérico 21 2.4. Marisco 22 2.5. Serious Food 26 3. Taverns and Restaurants 31 3.1. Restaurants 32 3.2. Taverns 34 1. ABOUT CÓRDOBA Córdoba is a pre-Roman pre-Greek pre-Phoenician name for an old city, probably belonging to a kingdom already mentioned in the Bible (Tartessos). Both the name and the city are very old indeed. For centuries it was an important commercial centre in the middle of the Guadalquivir Valley. It was the capital of a Roman administrative region, then the capital of a Visigoth region, then the capital of a kingdom that you can call Arab, Moorish, Muslim or perhaps more properly Andalusí as it was a blend of many races, cultures, languages and religions. It ruled over the entire Hispania (i.e., Spain and Portugal) as a master until the turn of the first millennium. Then it became a part of another Andalusia kingdom, Seville (Hispalis, Ishbiliah), until 1236: in that year, the young and powerful kingdom of Castille conquered Córdoba, and its fame was buried for centuries in silence. You are in a very remarkable and unique city. Its most remarkable monument is the Cathedral, better known as “La Mezquita”, "The Mosque", although it has not been a Mosque since 1236. -
2ºcoloquio Internacional
2º Coloquio Internacional Irrigación, Energía y Abastecimiento de Agua: La Cultura del Agua en el Arco Mediterráneo 2éme Colloque international L’irrigation, l’énergie et l´approvisionnement en eau: La Culture de l’eau dans l’Arc Méditerranéen. 2nd International Symposium Irrigation, energy and water supply: The culture of water in the Mediterranean Arc. Irrigación, Energía y Abastecimiento de Agua: La Cultura del Agua en el Arco Mediterráneo. Alcalá de Guadaíra (Sevilla) 3 / 9 de noviembre 2008 Actas del II Coloquio Internacional Irrigación, Energía y Abastecimiento de Agua: La Cultura del Agua en el Arco Mediterráneo. Edita Ayuntamiento de Alcalá de Guadaíra Patrocina Agencia Andaluza del Agua (Consejería de Medio Ambiente – Junta de Andalucía) Coordinación de la edición Julián Sobrino Simal (Universidad de Sevilla) Lara Cervera Pozo (Dinamo Cultura S.L.) ISBN 978-84-89180-33-8 Dep. Legal SE3465-2010 Diseño Susana Carazo Peinado II Coloquio Internacional Irrigación, Energía y Abastecimiento de Agua: La Cultura del Agua en el Arco Mediterráneo. Alcalá de Guadaíra (Sevilla) 3 / 9 de noviembre 2008 Convoca Ayuntamiento de Alcalá de Guadaíra (Delegación de Patrimonio Histórico y Natural) Universidad de Sevilla (Grupo de Investigación “Ciudad, Patrimonio y Arquitectura Contemporánea en Andalucía”) Patrocina Cajasol Obra Social EMASESA Metropolitana Agencia Andaluza del Agua (Consejería de Medio Ambiente – Junta de Andalucía) Colabora Parc de la Sèquia – Manresa Escuela Superior de Arquitectura Técnica – Sevilla Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología – Universidad de Sevilla Agencia Andaluza de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Consejería de Presidencia – Junta de Andalucía) Organiza Dinamo Cultura S.L. Secretaría Técnica Dª Lara Cervera Pozo Dirección Científica D. -
The Layers of Cordoba: an Analytical Historical Study for the Effect of Religion Conflict on Architectural and Urban Features
Journal of Architecture and Urbanism ISSN 2029-7955 / eISSN 2029-7947 2019 Volume 43 Issue 2: 158–165 https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.10366 THE LAYERS OF CORDOBA: AN ANALYTICAL HISTORICAL STUDY FOR THE EFFECT OF RELIGION CONFLICT ON ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN FEATURES Mahmoud MURAD1,*, Mehmet BATIRBAYGIL2, Nuran PILEHAVRIAN3 1 Okan University, Tuzla Kampusu, Tuzla, Istanbul 34959, Turkey 2 Cankaya University, Yukarı Yurtçu Mahallesi Eskişehir Yolu 29 km, Ankara 06810, Turkey 3 Yıldız Teknik University, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Beşiktaş 34349, Turkey Received 16 November 2017; accepted 20 May 2019 Abstract. This paper discusses Cordoba as one of the most iconic cities in human history and particularly in Europe. As part of the Andalusia region in southern Spain, Cordoba was the center of many conflicts that helped in shaping the Euro- pean architecture and the urban fabric. Under the Umayyad rule, Cordoba was the largest and arguably most beautiful city in the World. However, the passage of time has not been very kind to it. Unfortunately, it has suffered from severely dimin- ished of its historical and strategic value. This paper analysed Cordoba’s history through different ages. Then, we focused on the peak of the city when it was under the Islamic rule when it became the center for culture and arts. At the end, we analysed how the city has faced a drastic architectural transformation that was carried out by the Spanish when they took control of the city during the Spanish Reconquista. We found how different cultures and religions throughout history have affected the architectural layers of Cordoba. -
Medina Azahara. Arqueología Y Paisaje
MEDINA AZAHARA. ARQUEOLOGÍA Y PAISAJE “Desde Azahara te recuerdo con pasión. El horizonte está claro y la tierra nos muestra su paz serena. La brisa desmaya con el crepúsculo, parece que se apiada de mí y languidece llena de ternura”. Ben Zaydn de Córdoba 1003-1070 1 ÍNDICE 1 Introducción. 1.1 Carácter del libro y organización del libro 1.2 Lugar, tiempo y memoria 1.3 lugar que recupera una leyenda 2 La ciudad 2.1 El contexto histórico: fundación y primera organización de la ciudad 2.2. La remodelación de Medina Azahara 2.3. La organización de la ciudad en las narraciones del Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan 2.4. El problema de la identificación de los itinerarios descritos en las crónicas con los restos arqueológicos 2.5 La destrucción de la ciudad 2.6 Las ruinas y su valoración en la poesía taifa 2.7 Evolución en el uso y propiedad del lugar Las excavaciones Los prolegómenos P. Madrazo Los comienzos R. Velásquez Bosco Etapa de consolidación del yacimiento F. Hernández La reorganización administrativa y la reorientación crítica del yacimiento A. Vallejo. 3 El contexto territorial 3.1 El paisaje soporte 3.2 La valoración cultural del paisaje 3.3 Organización administrativa 3.3 Componentes de la organización poblacional 3.4 Las infraestructuras 3.5 Dimensiones de la población 2 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1 Carácter y organización del libro 1.2 Lugar, tiempo y memoria 1.3 Lugar y leyenda 1.1 Carácter y organización del libro El presente libro se origina a partir del material informativo recopilado por sus autores, arquitectos de profesión, como base para la redacción de un plan de protección del yacimiento de Medina Azahara y su entorno en la ya lejana fecha de 1991. -
Pronunciation
Caveat Lector In the text that follows, I have tried to give some background information about the cities of Córdoba, Granada and Sevilla, as well as about Andalucía in general. I have also attempted to provide practical information about places to visit, things to see, and places to eat, drink and relax. This information is correct to the best of my knowledge, but establishments (especially bars and restaurants) can change and even close down altogether. Likewise, bus timetables and routes change, so please regard travel information as a rough guide only. If making a particular journey is critical to your making a connection or boarding a flight, please double check! Also, as you would expect, my recommendations are personal. I am more interested in galleries and churches than in funfairs and climbing walls. My taste in bars tends more towards the traditional décor of an old-fashioned hostelry than the gleaming chrome of a high-end cocktail bar. When it comes to food, I look for a place that serves Spanish cuisine (even haute cuisine) rather than a ‘concept’ place which claims to serve Ibero-Japanese-Peruvian fusion dishes. Having said that, one or two of those sorts of places might creep in here and there. Peruvian food is, after all, a fusion cuisine in which the Iberian and Japanese influences loom large. For each of my suggestions and recommendations, I have tried to explain why I am recommending it. I hope this will make it easier for you to decide to either add it to your itinerary, or to give it a miss! Moreover, the Granada section is comparatively short — more a list of suggestions without much detail. -
La Mezquita-Catedral De Córdoba. Fuentes Gráficas Hasta 1850; the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. Graphic Sources up to 1850
AL-QANTARA XL 1, enero-junio 2019 pp. 135-183 ISSN 0211-3589 https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.005 La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba. Fuentes gráficas hasta 1850 The Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. Graphic Sources up to 1850 Antonio Gámiz Gordo Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-3167 La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba cuenta con The vast graphic legacy illustrating the un rico legado de imágenes hasta la llegada de Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba prior to the rise la fotografía a mediados del XIX que consti- of paper photography around 1850, constitutes tuyen una destacada fuente documental para an important documentary source for research. la investigación. Tras una amplia labor de ras- After an extensive work of tracing and identi- treo y localización de dichas imágenes, se fication of those images, the present work pro- aportan referencias sobre sus autores, contexto vides accurate references upon their authors, y técnicas, valorando su fiabilidad o precisión contexts and techniques, assessing their trusta- gráfica. Las primeras conocidas corresponden bility or graphic precision. The earliest images a tiempos cristianos, destacando dos panorá- known correspond to Christian times, where micas urbanas de la segunda mitad del XVI, two urban panoramic views should be high- una de ellas objeto de plagios con una notable lighted, one of them widely plagiarized and difusión en Europa. Los primeros planos a es- disseminated in Europe. The first scale draw- cala del monumento conservados son del ings of the building still preserved date back XVIII y las primeras vistas interiores de fina- to the 18th century, while the first interior views les de ese siglo.