HM 26: the Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019

U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Historical Monographs Special Collections 2020 HM 26: The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019 Evan Wilson Editor Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs Recommended Citation Wilson, Evan, "HM 26: The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019" (2020). Historical Monographs. 26. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/26 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Monographs by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019 The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011 Volume Prize Lectures, Hattendorf The Edited by Evan Wilson Edited by Evan Wilson Wilson Evan by Edited The Hattendorf Prize for –2019 Distinguished Original Research in Maritime History The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE HISTORICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES NO. 26 The historical monographs in this series are book-length studies of the history of naval warfare, edited historical documents, conference proceedings, and bibliogra- phies that are based wholly or in part on source materials in the Historical Collec- tion of the U.S. Naval War College. The editors of the Naval War College Press express their gratitude to all the members of the Naval War College Foundation, whose generous financial support for research projects, conferences, and printing has made possible the publication of this historical monograph. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied in the His- torical Monograph Series do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Naval War College, the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or any other agency, organization, or command of the U.S. government. Correspondence concerning the Historical Monograph Series can be sent to the Director, Naval War College Press. For copy requests write to President, U.S. Naval War College, Code 32, or contact the Naval War College Press. U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE 686 Cushing Road Newport, Rhode Island 02841 https://usnwc.edu The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019 Edited by Evan Wilson NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Naval War College Press Newport 02841 Published 2020 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-935352-70-9 (paperback) The logo of the U.S. Naval War College authenticates Historical Monograph Series No. 26, The Hattendorf Prize Lectures, Volume 1: 2011–2019, edited by Evan Wilson, ISBN 978-1-935352-70-9, as the official U.S. Naval War College edition of this publication. Use of the U.S. Naval War College logo and ISBN 978-1-935352-70-9 is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the Editor (or Editor’s designee), Naval War College Press. Reproduction and distribution are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. Copies of all or any portion of this work must be clearly labeled as such, and are required to credit the author, series, full title, and the U.S. Naval War College. Contact the Naval War College Press regarding commercial use and copyrights. Naval War College Press Code 32 686 Cushing Road Newport, Rhode Island 02841 401.841.2236 telephone 401.841.1071 fax DSN exchange: 841 [email protected] https://usnwc.edu/nwcpress TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword, by Shoshana S. Chatfield. .ix Introduction ��3 Hattendorf Prize Citation—N. A. M. Rodger (2011) ��10 I. The Perils of History. 11 by N. A. M. Rodger Hattendorf Prize Citation—Paul Kennedy (2014) . 20 II. The Influence of Sea Power upon Three Great Global Wars, 1793–1815, 1914–1918, 1939–1945: A Comparative Analysis . 21 by Paul Kennedy Hattendorf Prize Citation—Werner Rahn (2016) . 52 III. German Navies from 1848 to 2016: Their Development and Courses from Confrontation to Cooperation . 53 by Werner Rahn Hattendorf Prize Citation—Geoffrey Till (2018) . 84 I V. History, Truth Decay, and the Naval Profession ��85 by Geoffrey Till About the Contributors . 101 Titles in the Series. 103 FOREWORD As N. A. M. Rodger says in his prize lecture in this volume, “Recent or distant, history is all we have to go on, and we cannot escape it.” Here at the Naval War College, we know better than to try to escape history; instead, we embrace it. The study of history broadens our horizons. It exposes us to people, places, and experiences that are otherwise inaccessible, and in doing so it builds our strategic and cultural perspec- tive. I use that last phrase deliberately, because it forms the heart of the mission statement of the Naval War College. The College educates and develops future leaders through the process of broadening their perspectives. It fosters a commitment to lifelong learning and prepares them to lead in the Cognitive Age. Thus, history forms an integral part of the College’s purpose. We promote its study, engage with its lessons, and expose our students to the benefits of its unique perspectives. The publication of the first four Hattendorf Prize lectures demonstrates the essential value of historical scholarship to the College’s mission. The Hattendorf Prize is the most prestigious award that any scholar can receive in the fields of maritime or naval history, and it serves as a beacon to encourage new scholarship in these important fields. An indication of the importance of the award is that it has been awarded once by the Secretary of the Navy at graduation and twice by the Chief of Naval Operations in person at the College’s flagship international event, the bien- nial International Seapower Symposium (ISS). The world’s leading naval gathering, ISS brings together chiefs of navies and coast guards from around the globe to dis- cuss common challenges and identify opportunities for cooperation. The prize re- cipients are leading members of the international academic community, and their presence at ISS has reinforced the College’s commitment to international cooperation, as well as the College’s mission of educating naval leaders about history and strategy. x THE HATTENDORF PRIZE LECTURES, VOLUME 1 FOREWORD xi The award’s namesake, Professor Emeritus John B. Hattendorf, embodies its values. During his many years of service as the College’s Ernest J. King Professor of Maritime History, John conducted the kind of archival research that shapes our current understanding of the purpose and mission of the College. His career has served as a model for the prize criteria: to serve the Navy by improving the quality and range of scholarship in maritime history; to engage globally, with an apprecia- tion for scholarship in different languages and from different national, cultural, and regional perspectives; and to see maritime history as a broad field in global history, one that builds on insights that cut across traditional academic and national boundaries. John is the lead author of the wonderfully readable centennial history of the College, Sailors and Scholars. In reading it before my arrival in Newport this sum- mer, I was struck by his description of the College’s earliest days. At the College’s formal opening ceremony on September 4, 1885, Rear Adm. Stephen B. Luce, the founder and first President, told his audience that the College had no money for books, furniture, heat, or light. It was housed in the former Newport poorhouse, which offered little more than shelter from the winds off Narragansett Bay. Yet Luce was confident that his project was worthwhile and that support for it would follow. Well over a century later, we can only marvel at how far the College has come. Where Luce once worried about the very survival of the institution, we now play host to the world’s leading scholars, alongside chiefs of navies. We also recently hosted the Navy’s new Chief Learning Officer, highlighting the importance of the College for the future of naval education. The Department of the Navy’s recent Education for Seapower (E4S) report argues that the education of our force is vital for national security. Reflecting this renewed emphasis on education, the College is investing in its own future by renovating Sims Hall and making other capital improvements. The Hattendorf Prize demonstrates the viability of Luce’s vision and exempli- fies the role that scholarship can play in supporting the mission of the U.S. Navy and its partners. For Luce, the College was to be “a place of original research on all questions relating to war and to statesmanship connected with war, or the preven- tion of war.” We begin every academic year at the College with these words, they feature prominently on the College’s website, and we frequently refer to them in College publications. But as with any motto, the more the words are repeated, the easier it is to forget their meaning. The publication of these prize lectures should cause us to consider these words anew. The distinguished scholars honored here embody Luce’s call. They have conducted original research of the highest quality in naval history and its role in contemporary debates, and by bringing them to the College the Hattendorf Prize has fortified the College’s purpose as the U.S. Navy’s essential connection between the sea services and academics. These stimulating x THE HATTENDORF PRIZE LECTURES, VOLUME 1 FOREWORD xi lectures remind us of the educational mission of the College and exemplify the value of connecting scholars and practitioners. It is my great personal pleasure to commend these lectures to you.

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