DOCSLIB.ORG

A Prelimlnary Survey of the Wetlands and Backwaters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Prelimlnary Survey of the Wetlands and Backwaters Preface The destruction of our forests has been of some concern since early 70's. The Silent Valley struggle in late 70's is a landmark. The achievement of the struggle was arousal of concern for nature in many especially, youth. The older issues like pollution from Grassim industries caused to Chaliyar River or disappearing wetland and forests could not achieve the magnitude ofripples Silent Valley struggle could create. Keralam had 70,000 ha. of mangroves, 39 backwaters nourished by 41 west flowing rivers bringing nutrients from the mountains and sustaining the pristine and unique coastal systems at the dawn of this century. We have lost all of them in strict biological terms. Still we have small specks of these as remnants. What we have today vary from one plant to a speck of wetland traces or a mangrove patch. The need for care and nurture ofthese delicate specks are all the more relevant. Urgent protection measure to restore is the need of the hour. A stock taking for understanding the system could be done later. This is a catch 22 situation. How can you care and restore a system, which is little known. I do not have an answer for this as of now but I feel we should be able to achieve it. As a boy of elementary class I used to wonder and sit patiently asking questions to 'Pokkichi • (she was a traditional stake holder of the wetlands with a wisdom and understanding of its diversity when I look back to her now.) who brought prawns, crabs and a variety of fishes from the 'Kaippad' (wetlands). Since then, I had tried to devote my selfto search for better understanding of wetlands and its intricacies. I did not take up this as a conventional research but as a personal search that started with bird watching and later been enlarged to study ofthe wetland ecosystem. One of the causes for wetland destruction today is tourism development. Dhanaraj Keezhara. Programme Coordinator (Kerala programme) of Equations has been motivating me to study the backwaters. Later with inputs of Haribabu of Coastal programmes (Equations) the framework for this study was drawn. I proposed a budget and a programme. The work got itself changed into new dimensions during the course of the study. I could not complete the work with in the budget and time. The work presented in the following pages is a part of an ongoing struggle. There are two parts of the report. Part 1 is the literature survey and the case study ofthe two wetlands. Part 2 is selected abstracts related and relevant for wetlands of South India. I am hopeful of finding support to continue the work deeper and involve in an educational process to create better understanding ofthe system. I need to thank many people. All had a common goal to share and hence, this is not my personal work but a collective effort. Most ofthem do not want the names to be mentioned here. Therefore, while expressing my gratitude to all of them I am not mentioning the names. I am personally responsible for accuracy of information and interpretations in the report and if there are any mistakes it is mine not ofthe group. C. Jayakumar. Introduction Keralam could have been the ideal place for study on the interaction of the land with water in its natural abundance. Here various fonns of life could have been mutually influencing and collectively changing the land and waterscapes and evolving further to maintain hannony and rythm of the system. In the recent past human populations also came into this as dependent communities which tried to understand the life supporting system and harmony in living together. At some point of time these communities became societies, which are humancentric, and soon the fabric of life support system was taken for granted and the priority shifted to efforts to acquire assets to become "powerful". Thus the scenarios changed drastically. Looking back it is easier for us to understand these as we live in the same scenario but with much more technological might and on top of ignorance about the backdrop, which maintains, enriches, fills and makes life meaningful and possible. We will never be able to understand the situations earlier to this as we have lost the best of the natural systems and human communities who understood them and used them. Positioning ourselves in the postmodern realities one need to look back to understand about ourselves and also to continue the journey further searching for the "survival knowledge". The fishing communities, tribal communities and fanners lived and manipulated the wetlands and backwaters to a greater extent. Coastal Keralam was actually a broken mass ofland connected by water. The people were dependent directly on the land and water. Geographical limits were accepted as limits for the community and "beyond" were for those who dare. "Beyond" was also the space for adventure, mysteries and of unknown. Conflicts of chieftains often led to wars eventually taking partisan asylum in the empires. The Kings wanted connectivity and fortunately had traditional ways to keep the area together. The limited surplus capital was a positive factor as far as wetlands were concerned. This got changed and construction of roads and bunds, which were the major negative activity, was the result of war and arrival of European for trade. Tipu built the m~or roads in Malabar and the British built first railway line up to Kadalundi to fight Tipu. The construction of this railway has been the first major damage to the wetlands of Keralam, which fragmented and stagnated the ecosystem. Subsequently reclaiming the common land and waterscape. Everyone also accepted conversion of these to private property. Encroachments of the hills in large scale also started at the same time. Both required surplus capital to build and maintain the land or the farms. Labour force was not available and soon migrant labour was brought in and provided shelter so that they will be available for immediate needs. The rest is the most recent history written by many which all of us know. A literature survey to understand the scientific work can go back 300 years to the past. The first author (using the research jargon) who described mangroves is Van Rbeede (1678-1693) who described 18 mangrove species in his legendary 'Horthus Malabaricus' with excellent hand dra"ings and described medicinal properties of some of them. This is the base line work by Government Departments, Universities, Research Institutes, Scholars, Non Governmental Organisations and individuals followed resulting fairly large number of papers on various aspects of wetlands. The search to compile the research on wetlands of Keralam led to over 5000 references of which some are directly based on Keralam and others covering aspects which can be applied to understand Wetlands of Keralam. A select abstracts related to wetlands are included as part 2 ofthis report. The largest number of reports is by biologists. The naturalists gave accounts of birds, fishes, plants and various aspects related to natural history, species and ecosystem. The work of professionals based in research centres, Universities and Government departments also resulted in large number of papers on a variety of aspects. P.W.O., Indo-Dutch mission and C W.R.O.M. gave in-depth analysis from engineering point of view. CE.S.S. attempted mapping of wetlands, mangroves, Kayals etc,. Most of the other work has been on inventorying. Kerala Agricultural University and its Research stations worked on matters related to agriculture and soil. K.F.R.I. and CE.S.S. also organised management programmes. Department of Aquatic biology, University of Kerala has done work on the ecology of Kayals and backwaters. CM.F.R.I. has done work on fisheries, aquaculture and related fields. An inter disciplinary work to interpret the complex natural life supporting system is yet to be visualized and accomplished. The work by these Institutes are sometimes fragmented often dealt in detail to a specific problem but an attempt to understand the problem in the back drop of the system which supports life is yet to start. The following are the institutions, which undertook various research programmes: 1. University ofKerala, Thiruvanantbapuram. 2. Public Works Department, Govt. ofKeraIam, Thiruvanantbapuram 3. State Committee on Science and Technology. Govt. ofKeralam, Thlruvananthapuram 4. C.E.S.S., Thiruvananthapuram. 5. T.B.G.R.I., Thiruvananthapuram. 6. C.D.S., Thiruvananthapuram. 7. Centre for Environment & Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram. 8. Environment Resources Research Centre, Thiruvananthapuram. 9. Programme for Community Organisation, Thiruvananthapuram. 10. Mahathma Gandhi University, Kottayam. 11. Coehln University ofScience and Technology, Koehi 12. C.M.F.R.I., Koehl. 13. C.I.F.T., Koehl. 14. John Abraham·, Kumarakam 15. KS.S.P., Thrissur. 16. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur. 17. K.F.R.I., Thrissur. 18. University ofCali cut, Thenhippalam. 19. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod. 20. Thanal- Conservation Action and Information Network, Kannur & Thrissur. 21. S.E.E.K, Payyannur. 22. Kerala Natural History Society, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode. 23. Mangalore University, Mangalore. 24. Abdul Khader·, Kattampally. 25. Department ofFisheries. Govt. ofKeralam, Thiruvananthapuram. • John Abraham, Kumarakam and Abdul K.hader Kattampally are the two individuals who fought for wetlands right from late fifties. Their contributions are not published as scientIfic papers. They have written large volume of articles and has been inspiration for many. There may be many such little known or unknown individuals who are not included here. The above institutions have officially worked on topics I aspects related to wetlands. Some of them, environment impact assessment written by the organisations only to favour the State or the industry forgetting the fundamentals of science.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with Financial Assistance from the World Bank
    KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT (KSWMP) INTRODUCTION AND STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA VOLUME I JUNE 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by SUCHITWA MISSION Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Contents 1 This is the STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK for the KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. This is hereby disclosed for comments/suggestions of the public/stakeholders. Send your comments/suggestions to SUCHITWA MISSION, Swaraj Bhavan, Base Floor (-1), Nanthancodu, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram-695003, Kerala, India or email: [email protected] Contents 2 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT .................................................. 1 1.1 Program Description ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Proposed Project Components ..................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Environmental Characteristics of the Project Location............................... 2 1.2 Need for an Environmental Management Framework ........................... 3 1.3 Overview of the Environmental Assessment and Framework ............. 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the SEA and ESMF ...................................................................... 3 1.3.2 The ESMF process ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Misty Mount Homestay
    Misty Mount Homestay https://www.indiamart.com/misty-mount-homestay/ 'County Pep Holiday Home' is a Homestay which is located at the serene village, Payyampally in Wayanad District near Kuruva Island. It is very close to the prominent tourist centres and gives easy access to the major cities. Kuruva Island, ... About Us 'County Pep Holiday Home' is a Homestay which is located at the serene village, Payyampally in Wayanad District near Kuruva Island. It is very close to the prominent tourist centres and gives easy access to the major cities. Kuruva Island, Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary, Thirunelly Temple, Nagarhole Animal Park and Iruppu Waterfalls are the nearby tourist attractions. Wayanad Ghats, Pookode Lake, Soochippara and Meenmutty waterfalls, BanasuraSagar Dam, Edakkal caves, Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary etc. Are the other major tourist attractions in wayanad and 'County Pep' gives easy access to all the tourist Centres. Homestay scenario ranges from a totally enthralling family experience to a very basic room rental. Far from the maddening city crowds and far from the turbulent schedules, County Pep Holiday Home, which lies in the lap of nature, offers something special that really increases the life span of the visitors. County Pep Holiday Home has been built very carefully without extinguishing the natural habitats of this luscious green land. The entire edifice of County Pep is based on the traditional style of Kerala. County Pep has the extravagance of spacious, dazzling and secluded bed rooms with attached bathrooms. All the bed rooms are accessed to a well-furnished living room and a dainty dining hall. The well equipped kitchen in County Pep boosts the glamour of the stay.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2015 Issue Iii
    LLANDAND BANKBANK JOURNALJOURNAL VOLUME 54 DECEMBER 2015 ISSUE III NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS' FEDERATION LTD. Volume 54 Issue III LAND BANK JOURNAL (QUARTERLY) DECEMBER 2015 K. K. RAVINDRAN Managing Editor Published by: NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS' FEDERATION LIMITED 701, BSEL TECH PARK, 7th Floor, A-Wing, Opp. Railway Station, Vashi, Navi Mumbai-400 703 Phone No. (022) 27814114, 27814226, 27814426 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.nafcard.org ! Price ` 15/- per copy CONTENTS Editorial I Innovative banking model of Primary Agricultural Credit Society (PACS) in Malappuram District, Kerala 1 - Dr P Selvaraj Feasibility analysis of areca nut + pepper mixed cropping system in Karnataka 13 - Praveen kumbar - S. S.Guledgudda - R. B. Belli - B. C. Rajur Influence of phosphorus and mycorrhizae on root colonization and spore count at different stages of sugarcane crop 27 - T. Usha Rani - D. Balaguravaiah - M. Bharata laxmi Biofertilizers: An eco-friendly fertilizer for agriculture 36 - Pavithra, A.H - Priya H.R - Avinalappa H.H - Nandini R. Social inclusion for rediscovery to new social order 43 - Brij Pal News & Notes 47 Agricultural News 69 The opinions/views expressed in the Land Bank Journal are not necessarily the official views of the National Cooperative Agriculture & Rural Development Banks' Federation. december 2015 land bank journal I EDITORIAL Section 80(P) of Income Tax Act 1961 gives income tax exemption to cooperatives. In 2008 Government amended this section by adding subsection 4 to it. The new subsection states that provisions in section 80(P) shall not apply to a 'cooperative bank' within its meaning as given in the BR Act 1949 except in the case of a Primary Agricultural Credit Society and a Primary Cooperative Agriculture & Rural Development Bank with jurisdiction not more than one taluk.
    [Show full text]
  • A CONCISE REPORT on BIODIVERSITY LOSS DUE to 2018 FLOOD in KERALA (Impact Assessment Conducted by Kerala State Biodiversity Board)
    1 A CONCISE REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY LOSS DUE TO 2018 FLOOD IN KERALA (Impact assessment conducted by Kerala State Biodiversity Board) Editors Dr. S.C. Joshi IFS (Rtd.), Dr. V. Balakrishnan, Dr. N. Preetha Editorial Board Dr. K. Satheeshkumar Sri. K.V. Govindan Dr. K.T. Chandramohanan Dr. T.S. Swapna Sri. A.K. Dharni IFS © Kerala State Biodiversity Board 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, tramsmitted in any form or by any means graphics, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior writted permission of the publisher. Published By Member Secretary Kerala State Biodiversity Board ISBN: 978-81-934231-3-4 Design and Layout Dr. Baijulal B A CONCISE REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY LOSS DUE TO 2018 FLOOD IN KERALA (Impact assessment conducted by Kerala State Biodiversity Board) EdItorS Dr. S.C. Joshi IFS (Rtd.) Dr. V. Balakrishnan Dr. N. Preetha Kerala State Biodiversity Board No.30 (3)/Press/CMO/2020. 06th January, 2020. MESSAGE The Kerala State Biodiversity Board in association with the Biodiversity Management Committees - which exist in all Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations in the State - had conducted a rapid Impact Assessment of floods and landslides on the State’s biodiversity, following the natural disaster of 2018. This assessment has laid the foundation for a recovery and ecosystem based rejuvenation process at the local level. Subsequently, as a follow up, Universities and R&D institutions have conducted 28 studies on areas requiring attention, with an emphasis on riverine rejuvenation. I am happy to note that a compilation of the key outcomes are being published.
    [Show full text]
  • Destinations - Total - 79 Nos
    Department of Tourism - Project Green Grass - District-wise Tourist Destinations - Total - 79 Nos. Sl No. Sl No. (per (Total 79) District District) Destinations Tourist Areas & Facilities LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY 1 TVM 01 KANAKAKKUNNU FULL COMPOUND THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION 2 02 VELI TOURIST VILLAGE FULL COMPOUND THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION AKKULAM TOURIST VILLAGE & BOAT CLUB & THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION, 3 03 AKKULAM KIRAN AIRCRAFT DISPLAY AREA PONGUMMUDU ZONE GUEST HOUSE, LIGHT HOUSE BEACH, HAWAH 4 04 KOVALAM TVM CORPORATION, VIZHINJAM ZONE BEACH, & SAMUDRA BEACH 5 05 POOVAR POOVAR BEACH POOVAR G/P SHANGUMUKHAM BEACH, CHACHA NEHRU THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION, FORT 6 06 SANGHUMUKHAM PARK & TSUNAMI PARK ZONE 7 07 VARKALA VARKALA BEACH & HELIPAD VARKALA MUNICIPALITY 8 08 KAPPIL BACKWATERS KAPPIL BOAT CLUB EDAVA G/P 9 09 NEYYAR DAM IRRIGATION DEPT KALLIKKADU G/P DAM UNDER IRRGN. CHILDRENS PARK & 10 10 ARUVIKKARA ARUVIKKARA G/P CAFETERIA PONMUDI GUEST HOUSE, LOWER SANITORIUM, 11 11 PONMUDI VAMANAPURAM G/P UPPER SANITORIUM, GUEST HOUSE, MAITHANAM, CHILDRENS PARK, 12 KLM 01 ASHRAMAM HERITAGE AREA KOLLAM CORPORATION AND ADVENTURE PARK 13 02 PALARUVI ARAYANKAVU G/P 14 03 THENMALA TEPS UNDERTAKING THENMALA G/P 15 04 KOLLAM BEACH OPEN BEACH KOLLAM CORPORATION UNDER DTPC CONTROL - TERMINAL ASHTAMUDI (HOUSE BOAT 16 05 PROMENADE - 1 TERMINAL, AND OTHERS BY KOLLAM CORPORATION TERMINAL) WATER TRANSPORT DEPT. 17 06 JADAYUPARA EARTH CENTRE GURUCHANDRIKA CHANDAYAMANGALAM G/P 18 07 MUNROE ISLAND OPEN ISLAND AREA MUNROE THURUTH G/P OPEN BEACH WITH WALK WAY & GALLERY 19 08 AZHEEKAL BEACH ALAPPAD G/P PORTION 400 M LENGTH 20 09 THIRUMULLAVAROM BEACH OPEN BEACH KOLLAM CORPORATION Doc. Printed on 10/18/2019 DEPT OF TOURISM 1 OF 4 3:39 PM Department of Tourism - Project Green Grass - District-wise Tourist Destinations - Total - 79 Nos.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourist Statistics 2019 (Book)
    KERALA TOURISM STATISTICS 2019 RESEARCH AND STATISTICS DIVISION DEPARTMENT of TOURISM GOVERNMENT OF KERALA DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM KERALA TOURISM STATISTICS 2019 Prepared by RESEARCH & STATISTICS DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM Sri.KADAKAMPALLY SURENDRAN Minister for Devaswoms, Tourism and Co-Operation, Kerala Ph (Office): 0471-2336605, 2334294 Thiruvananthapuram MESSAGE Kerala is after all India’s most distinguished state. This land of rare natural beauty is steeped in history and culture, but it has still kept up with the times, Kerala has taken its tourism very seriously. It is not for nothing than that the Eden in these tropics; God’s own country was selected by National Geographic Traveler as one of its 50 “destination of life time”. When it comes to building a result oriented development programme, data collection is key in any sector. To capitalize the opportunity to effectively bench mark, it is essential to collect data’s concerned with the matter. In this context statistical analysis of tourist arrivals to a destination is gaining importance .We need to assess whether the development of destination is sufficient to meet the requirements of visiting tourists. Our plan of action should be executed in a meticulous manner on the basis of the statistical findings. Kerala Tourism Statistics 2019 is another effort in the continuing process of Kerala Tourism to keep a tab up-to-date data for timely action and effective planning, in the various fields concerned with tourism. I wish all success to this endeavor. Kadakampally Surendran MESSAGE Kerala Tourism has always attracted tourists, both domestic and foreign with its natural beauty and the warmth and hospitality of the people of Kerala.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Ghats
    Western Ghats From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Sahyadri" redirects here. For other uses, see Sahyadri (disambiguation). Western Ghats Sahyadri सहहदररद Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu Highest point Peak Anamudi (Eravikulam National Park) Elevation 2,695 m (8,842 ft) Coordinates 10°10′N 77°04′E Coordinates: 10°10′N 77°04′E Dimensions Length 1,600 km (990 mi) N–S Width 100 km (62 mi) E–W Area 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) Geography The Western Ghats lie roughly parallel to the west coast of India Country India States List[show] Settlements List[show] Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Geology Period Cenozoic Type of rock Basalt and Laterite UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name: Natural Properties - Western Ghats (India) Type Natural Criteria ix, x Designated 2012 (36th session) Reference no. 1342 State Party India Region Indian subcontinent The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.[1][2] It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India.[3] The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty nine properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[4][5] The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Chembra Peak Kerala
    Chembra Peak Kerala Chembra Peak is the highest point on the Wayanad Hill Range Famous for the steep and rewarding trek that leads up to the peak, and a heart-shaped lake which falls on the way, the Chembra Peak is the highest point on the Wayanad Hill Range in Kerala, a part of Western Ghats mountain range. Beautiful views of the surrounding tea estates that encroach upon the lower regions of the Wayanad ranges, can be seen along the trek. Chembra Peak Trek Starting Point: Trekkers to Chembra peak arrive mostly from the nearby town Meppadi. From Meppadi, several jeeps run that take visitors to the Chembra Trek starting point. Visitors arriving from Kalpetta travel to Meppadi first. The trek provides views of the entire Wayanad district, and some hill ranges even beyond it. The trek can be divided into sections, which mark difficulty levels, and make it easier for trekkers to decide how far they can go up during the trek. 1. Starting point to watch tower : It is a fairly easy trek to the watch-tower, and provides great views of the surrounding greenery. The distance to the watch-tower is 0.62 miles (1 kilometer). This easy trek lasts up to twenty minutes. 2. Watch tower till the end of the forest : From the watch tower, a small forest starts that soon leads to an open grassland. 3. Forest to heart-shaped lake : The walk now is moderately difficult, and leads to a beautiful heart-shaped lake. The lake is called Hridaya Saras in local language.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerala History Timeline
    Kerala History Timeline AD 1805 Death of Pazhassi Raja 52 St. Thomas Mission to Kerala 1809 Kundara Proclamation of Velu Thampi 68 Jews migrated to Kerala. 1809 Velu Thampi commits suicide. 630 Huang Tsang in Kerala. 1812 Kurichiya revolt against the British. 788 Birth of Sankaracharya. 1831 First census taken in Travancore 820 Death of Sankaracharya. 1834 English education started by 825 Beginning of Malayalam Era. Swatithirunal in Travancore. 851 Sulaiman in Kerala. 1847 Rajyasamacharam the first newspaper 1292 Italiyan Traveller Marcopolo reached in Malayalam, published. Kerala. 1855 Birth of Sree Narayana Guru. 1295 Kozhikode city was established 1865 Pandarappatta Proclamation 1342-1347 African traveller Ibanbatuta reached 1891 The first Legislative Assembly in Kerala. Travancore formed. Malayali Memorial 1440 Nicholo Conti in Kerala. 1895-96 Ezhava Memorial 1498 Vascoda Gama reaches Calicut. 1904 Sreemulam Praja Sabha was established. 1504 War of Cranganore (Kodungallor) be- 1920 Gandhiji's first visit to Kerala. tween Cochin and Kozhikode. 1920-21 Malabar Rebellion. 1505 First Portuguese Viceroy De Almeda 1921 First All Kerala Congress Political reached Kochi. Meeting was held at Ottapalam, under 1510 War between the Portuguese and the the leadership of T. Prakasam. Zamorin at Kozhikode. 1924 Vaikom Satyagraha 1573 Printing Press started functioning in 1928 Death of Sree Narayana Guru. Kochi and Vypinkotta. 1930 Salt Satyagraha 1599 Udayamperoor Sunahadhos. 1931 Guruvayur Satyagraha 1616 Captain Keeling reached Kerala. 1932 Nivarthana Agitation 1663 Capture of Kochi by the Dutch. 1934 Split in the congress. Rise of the Leftists 1694 Thalassery Factory established. and Rightists. 1695 Anjengo (Anchu Thengu) Factory 1935 Sri P. Krishna Pillai and Sri.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekend Celebration Relax Your Mind During the Weekend with Our Weekend Celebration Packages
    Weekend Celebration Relax your mind during the weekend with our weekend celebration packages POOKOT LAKE Day 01 - Arrival at Calicut - Wayanad You are greeted on arrival at the Calicut Airport/Railway station by The Travel Planners representative and transfer to hotel. Check-in at your Hotel. Have lunch at your leisure. Post lunch leave for Pookot lake. Pookot lake is a natural fresh water lake surrounded with evergreen rain forest. Boating facilities are also available here. Visit View Point and chain tree. Return in the evening, have dinner and retire for the night. Overnight at resort or hotel Also known as Kozhikode, Calicut was the erstwhile capital of the Malabar region and a major centre for the spice trade. Its claim to fame is from the landing of Vasco Da Gama 15kms to the north in Kappad in 1498. It’s also the perfect place to enter Wayanad. Located in the north-east region of Kerala, Wayanad is a predominantly hilly terrain surrounded by Karnataka on the north and Tamil Nadu to the south-east. It completely lies in the green Western Ghats. One of the best Wayanad tourist places is Pookode Lake. It’s a natural freshwater lake surrounded by a lot of greenery and has options for boating and cycling. MUTHANGA WILDIFE SANTUARY Day 02 - Wayanad Have an early breakfast and leave for Kuruwa Dweep. Kuruwa Island is 955 acres of green forest along the banks of the tributaries of the east flowing Kabini river. This island is uninhabited and a paradise with myriad birds. Proceed to Muthanga wildlife sanctuary.
    [Show full text]
  • Know-More-About-Wayanad.Pdf
    Imagine a land blessed by the golden hand of history, shrouded in the timeless mists of mystery, and flawlessly Wayanad adorned in nature’s everlasting splendor. Wayanad, with her enchanting vistas and captivating Way beyond… secrets, is a land without equal. And in her embrace you will discover something way beyond anything you have ever encountered. 02 03 INDEX Over the hills and far away…....... 06 Footprints in the sands of time… 12 Two eyes on the horizon…........... 44 Untamed and untouched…........... 64 The land and its people…............. 76 04 05 OVER THE ayanad is a district located in the north- east of the Indian state of Kerala, in the southernmost tip of the WDeccan Plateau. The literal translation of “Wayanad” is HILLS AND “Wayal-nad” or “The Land of Paddy Fields”. It is well known for its dense virgin forests, majestic hills, flourishing plantations and a long standing spice trade. Wayanad’s cool highland climate is often accompanied by sudden outbursts of torrential rain and rousing mists that blanket the landscape. It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes FAR AWAY… ranging from 700 to 2100 m. Lakkidi View Point 06 07 Wayanad also played a prominent role district and North Wayanad remained The primary access to Wayanad is the Thamarassery Churam (Ghat Pass) in the history of the subcontinent. It with Kannur. By amalgamating North infamous Thamarassery Churam, which is often called the spice garden of the Wayanad and South Wayanad, the is a formidable experience in itself. The south, the land of paddy fields, and present Wayanad district came into official name of this highland passage is the home of the monsoons.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazard Mapping of Landslide Vulnerable Zones in a Rainfed Region of Southern Peninsular India- a Geospatial Perspective
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Hazard Mapping of Landslide Vulnerable Zones in a Rainfed Region of Southern Peninsular India- A Geospatial Perspective Jishnu E S1, Ajith Joseph K2, Sreenal Sreedhar3, George Basil3# 1Project Assistant, Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India), 6A Oxford Business Centre, Sreekandath Road, Cochin 2Scientist, Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India), 6A Oxford Business Centre, Sreekandath Road, Cochin 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin 3#Guest Lecturer, Dept. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Western Ghats of southern peninsular India with often triggers before being released [1]. As remote sensing its high mountain forest ecosystem possess a rich biodiversity. and GIS are widely used in spatial data analysis, the landslide They influence the Indian monsoon weather patterns and are vulnerable zones can be mapped and the probability of recognized to be prone to frequent landslides. The present occurrence of landslide throughout an area can be estimated. work is carried out in parts of Western Ghats, a rainfed region The qualitative and quantitative natures of landslides are of southern peninsular India covering a geographical extent of studied using Remote Sensing and GIS and also by applying 2131 Sq. Km. A weight index strategy is applied along with several statistical and computational models. A study by remote sensing and GIS for mapping landslide vulnerable Saha et al. [2], used the methods information value (InfoVal) zones.
    [Show full text]