O Corpo De Kurt Cobain: Ruído Da Linguagem Pop in Utero

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O Corpo De Kurt Cobain: Ruído Da Linguagem Pop in Utero UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LITERATURA E CULTURA. JOÃO LUIZ TEIXEIRA DE BRITO O CORPO DE KURT COBAIN: RUÍDO DA LINGUAGEM POP IN UTERO Salvador 2019 JOÃO LUIZ TEIXEIRA DE BRITO O CORPO DE KURT COBAIN: RUÍDO DA LINGUAGEM POP IN UTERO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura e Cultura, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Literatura e Cultura. Área de concentração: Teorias e Crítica da Literatura e da Cultura. Linha de Pesquisa: Estudos de Tradução Cultural e Intersemiótica Orientador: Prof. Dr. Décio Torres Cruz. Salvador 2019 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema Universitário de Bibliotecas (SIBI/UFBA), com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Brito, João Luiz Teixeira de O corpo de Kurt Cobain: ruído da linguagem pop In Utero / João Luiz Teixeira de Brito. -- Salvador, 2019. 337 f. : il Orientador: Décio Torres Cruz. Tese (Doutorado - Pós-graduação em Literatura e Cultura) - - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Letras, 2019. 1. Literatura. 2. Música. 3. Audio-visual. 4. Artes. 5. Crítica. I. Cruz, Décio Torres. II. Título. JOÃO LUIZ TEIXEIRA DE BRITO O CORPO DE KURT COBAIN: RUÍDO NA LINGUAGEM POP IN UTERO Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Teorias e Crítica da Literatura e da Cultura, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura e Cultura, da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Aprovada em 25 de outubro de 2019 Décio Torres Cruz – Orientador ___________________________________________ Doutor em Literatura Comparada pela State University of New York Universidade Federal da Bahia Jorge L. C. Cardoso Filho – Examinador externo ______________________________ Doutor em Comunicação pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia Carlos Augusto Viana da Silva - Examinador externo ___________________________ Doutor em Letras pela Universidade Federal da Bahia Universidade Federal do Ceará Noélia Borges de Araújo – Examinadora interna________________________________ Doutorada em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês pela Universidade de São Paulo Universidade Federal da Bahia Rachel Esteves Lima – Examinadora interna___________________________________ Doutorado em Estudos Literários/Literatura Comparada (1997) pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Federal da Bahia AGRADECIMENTOS A minha família e amigos. À Isabel, por me acompanhar sempre e me arrastar junto dela aonde ela vai. A TT, Titina e Eloi, pelo carinho, apoio e paciência. A meus amigos no Brasil e na Califórnia, pela conversa, abrigo e festa também. A meu orientador, Décio, pelos conselhos, ensino e revisão preciosa. A meus professores na UFC, na UFBA, no Colégio Irmã Maria e no Ternurinha, minhas tias de profissão e de família, que me mostraram o valor da educação e me deram gosto por aprender. A meus alunos, que fizeram o mesmo. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pelo apoio provido através do Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior, edital nº 47 de 2017. A minha coorientadora, Carrie, por me receber com um abraço nos Estados Unidos. RESUMO A presente tese discute o conceito de ruído como operador associado à linguagem e à possibilidade de transformação corporal na obra de Kurt Cobain e de sua banda, o Nirvana. O texto trabalha as produções estéticas que cercam In Utero (1993), suas canções, letras, ambientações sonoras, composições imagéticas e audiovisuais. A tese discute uma série de temas relacionados a memória, comunidade, figura autoral, fama, mídia, escritura, morte, representação, comunicação, silêncio e transformação. Busca (re)construir a noção de corpo, especialmente o corpo em performance, como ponto focal para o entendimento da poética do Nirvana e para as discussões acerca do fenômeno da cultura pop na contemporaneidade. O trabalho parte de explorações focadas no reconhecimento e análise de certos aspectos específicos da obra do Nirvana como: a herança da Arte e Literatura Pop, o suicídio de Kurt Cobain, a confusão entre vida e obra causada pela lida com a mídia de massa, a representação do corpo em In Utero, a ética da comunidade punk, o aspecto ritualístico do evento comunal da performance ao vivo e a relação homem-máquina, com contornos amplos se referindo a diversos aspectos do embate de binômios como mercantilização e integridade, vida e obra, organização e caos, pertencimento e alienação. Esses aspectos não são isolados, mas fluentes, transientes e rasurados. A poética do Nirvana se constrói no jogo dessas tensões. A tese então trabalha o conceito de ruído como operador das tensões, o ruído que é inerente à mídia (inclusive à mídia corporal) e que é a própria capacidade transformativa do texto e da mídia, sua falha icônica em registrar e comunicar. Esse processo é estruturante no trabalho de Cobain. O passo metodológico seguinte foi, então, demonstrar como esse operador ruidoso se encontra e se aplica aos textos como chave de acesso e transformação da obra. Análises do videoclipe Heart-Shaped Box e de outras canções como “Scentless Aprentice”, “Milk it”, “Radio Friendly Unit Shifter”, “Tourette’s” e “All Apologies” são realizadas para construir a argumentação. O conceito de ruído foi aplicado também ao método, com quatro leituras sobrepostas da obra, rasurando-a consecutivamente para obter novos níveis, não de profundidade, mas de projeção, em luz, som, letra e voz. Diálogos teóricos importantes são feitos com as obras de Friedrich Nietzsche, Jacques Derrida, Georges Didi-Huberman, Jacques Rancière, Leda Maria Martins, Décio Torres Cruz, Carrie Jaurès Noland, Greil Marcus, Phillip Auslander, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben e Judith Butler. Palavras-chave: Nirvana; Corpo; Ruído; Literatura Pop; Cultura Punk. ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses the concept of noise as an operator associated with language and the possibility of bodily transformation in the work of Kurt Cobain and Nirvana. It works on the aesthetic productions surrounding In Utero (1993), the songs, lyrics, musical ambientation, imagery and audiovisual compositions. The text discusses a number of themes related to memory, community, authorial figure, fame, media, writing, death, representation, communication, silence and transformation. It seeks to (re)construct the notion of body, especially the body in performance, as a focal point for understanding the poetics of Nirvana and for the discussions surrounding pop culture in contemporary times. The argument begins with explorations focused on the recognition and analysis of specific aspects of Nirvana's work such as: the heritage of Pop Art and Literature, the suicide of Kurt Cobain, the confusion between life and work caused by dealing with mass media, the representation of the body in In Utero, the ethics of the punk community, the ritualistic aspect of the communal event of live performance and the human-machine relationship, with broad outlines referring to various aspects of the clash of binomials such as commodification and integrity, life and work, organization and chaos, belonging and alienation. These aspects are not isolated, but fluent, transient and erased. Nirvana’s poetical project is built on this tension. The concept of noise was then used as an operator of these tensions, the noise that is inherent to media (including the media of the body) and is the transformative capacity of text and media itself, its iconic failure to record and communicate. This process is structural in Cobain’s poetics. The next methodological step was, then, to demonstrate how this noisy operator is found and applies to the texts as a key of access and transformation of the work. Analyses of the Heart- Shaped Box video and of other songs such as “Scentless Aprentice”, “Milk it”, “Radio Friendly Unit Shifter”, “Tourette's” and “All Apologies” are performed to build the argument.The concept of noise was applied to the method as well, with four overlaping readings of the texts, scraping them consecutively to obtain new levels, not of depth but of projection, in light, sound, letter and voice. Some important theoretical dialogues are executed with the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Jacques Derrida, Georges Didi-Huberman, Jacques Rancière, Leda Maria Martins, Decio Torres Cruz, Carrie Jaurès Noland, Greil Marcus, Phillip Auslander, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben and Judith Butler. Key-words: Nirvana; Body; Noise; Pop Literatura; Punk Culture. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO 15 1 ANTERIORIDADES 1.1 O RUÍDO NA MÚSICA POP: UM PANORAMA 22 1.2 CARTAS NÃO ENVIADAS: GENEALOGIA DA PERFORMANCE MUSICAL A(R)-RISCADA DO PUNK 44 1.2.1 Performance em risco 48 1.2.2 O chão revolve 52 1.2.3 Música surda 58 1.2.4 Cartografias em Nirvana 62 2 DISPERSÕES 2.1 A MAÇÃ ENVENENADA: GESTOS DE AUTOR, CORPO E OBRA, ENTRE HERBERTO HELDER E KURT COBAIN 77 2.1.1 Corporal e circulatório 78 2.1.2 A maçã envenenada 82 2.1.3 Não-humanos e fugidios 86 2.1.4 Corpos em deslize 90 2.2 HISTORIOGRAFIAS SUICIDAS: DOCUMENTOS OU OUTRAS FORMAS DE SOBREVIVÊNCIA 96 2.2.1 Um uso arriscado da história 98 2.2.2 Ritualístico e mnemônico 102 2.2.3 Eu, tu, ele, nós 104 2.2.4 Historiografias suicidas 109 2.2.5 Despossuídos, repossuídos 114 2.3 PERFORMANCE QUEBRADA 118 2.3.1 O pianista 122 2.3.2 A guitarra desabrocha 131 2.3.3 Feito bala 140 3 NIRVANA: CORPO ELÉTRICO 3.1 LUZ 147 3.2 SOM 185 3.3 LETRA 227 3.4 VOZ 287 CONCLUSÃO 309 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 330 INTRODUÇÃO No âmbito da comunicação, de maneira ampla, diríamos que ruído é qualquer interrupção ou interferência de uma mensagem sendo transmitida. A formação desse ruído pode se dar de diversas maneiras. Normalmente associamos o ruído a uma interferência mecânica em relação a uma mensagem de voz, por exemplo, o barulho do ar-condicionado ou do ventilador, ao fundo de uma sala de aula. Na maioria dos casos, esse distúrbio não chega ao impedimento da comunicação entre emissores e receptores. É somente quando o ruído se torna muito alto e potente que costumamos notá-lo, quando ele entra a nossa circunspecção e expande o mundo, toma para si também o papel de mensagem, do qual ele nunca esteve separado.
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