Uplands for Juniper Survey

March 2014

NY10

Sites List: Jun-NY1701-01 Gill Bank Jun-NY1708-01 Yewbarrow Jun-NY1709-01 Stirrup Crag Jun-NY1900-01 Low Birker North Jun-NY1900-02 Low Birker South

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Gill Bank Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY1701-01 Survey date: 27/12/12 Recorder name (s): David Benham, Cent. grid ref: NY 179 019 Betty King

Valley / area: Eskdale Altitude: 130 - 210 Aspect: SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A b) GPS number and track name / label?

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 11.75 11.75 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm.…

Sub stand A Total Count 235 Method VP / WT Confidence H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland…………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Appears to be moderately grazed and terrain and boulders limit grazer access in some areas. Currently managed under HLS.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 20 24 45 5 0 1 Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY17960 250 Juniper in North-western field NY1701- 02151 degrees 01A Jun- NY17918 255 Prostrate juniper in North-western field NY1701- 02089 degrees 01B Jun- NY17766 270 Juniper and standard trees in southern NY1701- 01657 degrees most field. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Healthy juniper growing amongst a mixture of standard trees including gorse, holly, hawthorn, rowan and birch. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Low Birker North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Low Birker (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY1900-01 Survey date: 27/04/2012 Recorder name (s): D Benham and B Cent. grid ref: NY19103 00262 King

Valley / area: Eskdale Altitude: 100m – 170m Aspect: 340 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes d) GPS number and track name / label? N/A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.7 1.7 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm……………

Sub stand A Total Count 850 850 Method Walk Walk through through Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

Other habitats / vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Short grass with moss around most juniper. No seedlings found. Wool and grazing damage. 6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead x present present >90% present Present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY1897 NNE Single browse lined tree NY1900- 0036 01A Jun- NY1899 SE Looking uphill across stand NY1900- 0035 01B Jun- NY1982 NW Sheep and short grazed pasture. NY1900- 0020 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Little sign of disease – none recently dead and brown. Many junipers very old, layered and ‘scraggy.’

NY11

Sites List: Jun-NY1116-01 Rake Beck Jun-NY1412-01 Low Beck, Ennerdale Jun-NY1414-01 Little Dodd Jun-NY1512-01 Steeple Ridge Jun-NY1610-01 Red Pike, Wasdale Jun-NY1614-01 High Stile Jun-NY1618-01 Rannerdale Jun-NY1619-01 Grasmoor End Jun-NY1819-01 Wandope Jun-NY1819-02 Whiteless Edge Jun-NY1917-01 Moss Force Jun-NY1917-02 Robinson Crags Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Ennerdale Forest below Equiv. L. Ward site (s): nil Little Dodd Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY1414-01 Survey date: 18 March 2012 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: NY 14766 14835 Pete & Barbara Nelson Valley / area: Ennerdale Altitude: 305m Aspect: South Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Not shown on survey map b) GPS number and track name / label? Waypoint: 001 Track: Ennerdale Forest Below Little Dodd.gpx c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 Total Area 130 m2 130 m2 Confidence Low – too small for 10m accuracy on GPS

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 13 13 Method Exact Count Confidence High

4. Dominant Vegetation: Rough Grass and Heather

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other: Roe Deer

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

Light grazing. Tops nipped out in places. Sheep seen in area; roe deer and red deer known to be present

6. Other land management affecting juniper? Forestry Plantation 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 25 % (4) 25% (3) 25% (3) 25% (3) nil nil Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Looking NY 1350 All taken from within the stand (very SE 1476 1483 small area)

Looking NY 1900 South 1476 1483

Looking NY 3000 NW 1476 1483

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Within plantation boundary, in clearing on edge of more mature trees. Regeneration of Sitka Spruce within clearing, close to some of the juniper.

Access from forest road to within 150m of stand.

NY12

Sites List: Jun-NY1619-01 Grasmoor End Jun-NY1720-01 Grasmoor Dove Crag Jun-NY1721-01 Gasgale Crags, Whiteside Jun-NY1822-01 Hobcarton Crag Jun-NY1920-01 Scar Crag, Crag Hill

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Gasgale Crags, Whiteside Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Whiteside Site Ref. code: Jun-NY1721-01 Survey date: 28/02/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY17540 21940 Valley / area: Buttermere Fells Altitude: 500m – 730m Aspect: 170 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 33.89 33.89ha Confidence 2 2

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.nana …………

Sub stand A Total Count 1635 1635 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …Dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats: None

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present X X Comments: Most juniper not closely accessed. Some old juniper along summit path more than 2.5 m across.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY1721- 01A Jun- NY1721- 01B Jun- NY1721- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This is probably the biggest population of dwarf juniper in the county (and England) and is one of the few examples of H15 Calluna vulgaris – Juniperus communis ssp. nana heath. Bush numbers were counted from the summit path and lots of individuals will have been missed, with perhaps only half of the population counted. The juniper are growing on very friable outcrops and scree amongst a Calluna dominated heath. Cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea is constant (low cover), crowberry, Empetrum nigrum is occasional to abundant and bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus occasional. Stags horn clubmoss, Lycopodium clavatum was also seen to the east of Whiteside summit.

NY20

Sites List: Jun-NY2100-01 Harter Fell Jun-NY2704-01 Pike O'Blisco Jun-NY2105-01 Slight Side Jun-NY2707-01 Pike of Stickle Jun-NY2205-01 High Gait Crags Jun-NY2800-01 Black Sails Jun-NY2206-01 Dow Crag Jun-NY2804-01 Blake Rigg, Little Langdale Jun-NY2304-01 Pianet Knott Jun-NY2807-01 Pavey Arc Jun-NY2304-02 Long Crag Jun-NY2807-02 Upper Dungeon Gill Jun-NY2305-01 Low Gait Crags Jun-NY2900-01 Lad Stones Jun-NY2402-01 Moasdale South Jun-NY2901-01 Birk Fell (Tilberthwaite) Jun-NY2402-02 Moasdale North Jun-NY2902-01 Hollin Crag Jun-NY2404-01 Adam a Crag Jun-NY2902-02 Fell Foot Enclosures Jun-NY2507-01 Rossett Crags Jun-NY2903-01 Blea Tarn, Little Langdale Jun-NY2508-01 Stake Gill Jun-NY2904-01 Lingmoor West Jun-NY2508-02 Black Crags Jun-NY2907-01 Stickle Gill Jun-NY2605-01 Mickleden Band South Jun-NY2908-01 Blea Crag, Easedale Jun-NY2606-01 Mickleden Band North Jun-NY3005-01 Lingmoor North

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Rossett Crags Equiv. L. Ward site (s): none Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2507-01 Survey date: 15/11/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 25480 507700 Valley / area: Great Langdale Altitude: 400m – 600m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A b) GPS number and track name / label?

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp J.c.communis and J.c. nana……………

Sub stand A Total Count 286 286 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …Outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing on inaccessible crags. Almost all accessible juniper is heavily browsed, including this year’s shoots.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present X X Comments: Most juniper not accessed. Some counted using binoculars.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

None

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Rowan, hawthorn and holly present (scattered and few). Ad peregrine with prey and raven pr. Total numbers came from the following observations: NY 25420 07830 20j (counted through binos) NY 25518 07692 166j NY 25310 07690 60j Rossett Pike min of 40j (counted through binos – poor light)

This stand was separated from the Black Crags stand by a gully at NY 25582 07909.

Along with Black Crags, this is an important stand of juniper at relatively high altitude. With a large number of dwarf juniper present, this area should be a priority for restoration work if the opportunity arises. Reducing numbers of out-wintered sheep is essential if this site is to survive and expand, though this would have to be tied into agri-environment scheme for the whole of Grasmere Common. The potential for natural regeneration on sheep free parts of the crag may depend on visits from frugivorous birds such as ring ouzel, song thrush and blackbird. More of these could be attracted to the site if more rowan trees were planted. If planted alongside birch and aspen, these would also improve the habitat for other birds and invertebrates.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Stake Gill Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2508-01 Survey date: 18/06/2012 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas and Cent. grid ref: NY 25991 08038 Peter Howlett Valley / area: Langdale Altitude: 370m – 410m Aspect: 180 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 0.01 0.01 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp nana and communis

Sub stand A Total Count 23 23 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation Outcrop………………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All trees on inaccessible crags within Gill

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 1 tree Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): More than 50% of trees J.c. nana, with at least three J.c. communis.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Crags Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Survey date: 15/11/2012 Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2508-02 Cent. grid ref: NY 25764 08073 Valley / area: Great Langdale Altitude: 400m – 560m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A f) GPS number and track name / label?

g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c. communis, J.c.nana and intermediates…………

Sub stand A Total Count 173 173 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing on inaccessible crags. Almost all accessible juniper is heavily browsed, including this year’s shoots.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X X Comments: one seedling and one young tree found (on crags inaccessible to sheep)

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

None

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Rowan, hawthorn and holly present (scattered and few). Ad peregrine with prey and raven pr. Total numbers came from the following observations: Mansey Pike – 42 j counted through binoculars from the south. NY 25832 08016 – 14 j (50% J.c. nana) NY 25733 08134 – 49j NY 25634 08077 – 18j NY 25566 08042 – 24j NY 25582 07909 – 26j Overall it appeared that at least 20% of bushes were J.c. nana, with J.c. communis and intermediates also present. This area was separated from the Rossett Crags survey by the gully / beck immediately to the SW of NY 25582 07909.

Restoration: Along with Rossett Crags, this is an important stand of juniper at relatively high altitude. With a large number of dwarf juniper present, this area should be a priority for restoration work if the opportunity arises. Reducing numbers of out- wintered sheep is essential if this site is to survive and expand, though this would have to be tied into agri-environment scheme for the whole of Grasmere Common. The potential for natural regeneration on sheep free parts of the crag may depend on visits from frugivorous birds such as ring ouzel, song thrush and blackbird. More of these could be attracted to the site if more rowan trees were planted. If planted alongside birch and aspen, these would also improve the habitat for other birds and invertebrates.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Mickleden Band South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Mickleden Band South Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Survey date: 02/02/2012 Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2605-01 Cent. grid ref: NY27000 05580 Valley / area: Great Langdale Altitude: 180 – 250 m. Aspect: 170 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes h) GPS number and track name / label? N/A i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.44 1.44 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 180 180 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation Acid grassland………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Short cropped grass with no DSH. No J. seedlings present and difficult to find unbrowsed juniper. Some showing signs of year on year browsing and suppressed growth.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present present present Comments: Dominated by old trees.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Close up of heavily browsed juniper NY2605- 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Heavily browsed stand with no seedlings. Holly, birch and hawthorn present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Mickleden Band North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Mickleden Band North Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2606-01 Survey date: 02/02/2012 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY26800 06040 Valley / area: Great Langdale Altitude: 190m. – 420m. Aspect: NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? yes j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 8.63 1.84 10.47ha Confidence 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp..comm and nana

Sub stand A B C D Total Count >2200 >800 30 50 >3080 Method Aerial Aerial VP VP Aerial photo Confidence L L H H L

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grassland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Very difficult to find unbrowsed juniper and some juniper with 100% of shoots browsed back to woody material. Many trees topiarised or showing browse lines. Signs of past browsing into woody material common. Only three seedlings found in relatively inaccessible areas and very few young trees present. Although one red deer stag was seen, there are few signs of red deer browsing and most of the damage seems to be as a result of out-wintered sheep.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X present Comments: > 80% of trees are old and 10 – 20% mature.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

This is a heavily sheep browsed stand which has seen very little regeneration in many decades. Associated trees are sparse throughout most of the stand, with occasional birch, holly and rowan, though there is a more dense patch of birch to the east of the stand.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blake Rigg, Little Langdale Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blake Rigg N and S Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2804-01 Survey date: 26/06/2012 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 2879 0398 Valley / area: Little Langdale Altitude: 220m to 500m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label? N / A m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area n/a n/a 12.81 12.81 Confidence 5 5 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm, nana and intermediates Sub stand A B C Total Count 24 60 1770 1854 Method VP VP VP photo Confidence H H M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing on inaccessible cliffs. Browsing easy to find on accessible trees. Large areas dominated by mat grass, Nardus stricta, with abundant heath rush, Juncus squarrosus. Empetrum nigrum browsed along upper boundary.

6. Other threats: Rhodedendron bush close to base of cliffs.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present x Present Comments: Ten seedlings found along upper boundary. Ages not assessed due to poor accessibility.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY296 042 270 Overview of Blake Rigg crags NY2804- degrees 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Upper boundary walked with GPS. Lower boundary drawn with aid of aerial photograph. Yew, holly, oak, ash, hazel, rowan and willow spp present. Ring ouzel singing and then alarming at NY28890 03780. Whinchat pair alarming at NY 28990 03780. Alpine and fir club mosses growing alongside each other along upper boundary.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Pavey Arc Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Pavey Arc Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2807-01 Survey date: 18/06/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas and P. Cent. grid ref: NY28480 507870 Howlett Valley / area: Langdale Altitude: 530m – 670m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes n) GPS number and track name / label? N / A o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 13.5 13.5 ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm, nana and intermediates

Sub stand A Total Count 120 120 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation / Habitat: Outcrop……………

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All juniper on relatively inaccessible crags, where there’s good growth of DSH and tall herb fen.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present X X Comments: No seedlings found but difficult to assess due to poor access

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY 28559 328 Overview of crag NY2807- 07574 degrees 01A

Jun- J.c. nana at base of crags NY2807- 01B

Jun- View down crags with juniper, willow NY2807- and DSH 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Up to 50% of trees encountered were J.c.nana, the rest being intermediates or J.c. communis. Willow present on distant ledge (poss Salix aurita). Good tall herb vegetation, possible Alchemilla wichurae and mountain sorrel, Oxyria digyna along Jack’s Rake. Raven present and peregrine apparently nesting. Male northern eggar moth at base of crags.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lad Stones Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Lad Stones Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2900-01 Survey date: 13/01/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 29500 00140 Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 340m – 600m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes p) GPS number and track name / label? N / A q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 22.14 22.14ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 3650 3650 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Much of the grassland throughout the stand dominated by Nardus stricta. DSH mostly on inaccessible crags or where present elsewhere, browsed to cushions or drumsticks. Occasional browsing of last year’s shoots throughout, and browsing of some of the more accessible junipers has limited growth dramatically. Less grazing higher up (above 480m) where there is some Empetrum nigrum and better growth of Vaccinium myrtillus.

6. Other threats: none

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X Present Comments: Only three seedlings seen on more inaccessible parts of the crag.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY 30009 258 Whole stand photo NY2900- 00491 degrees 01A Jun- Heavily browsed junipers NY2900- 01B Jun- NY 29375 Juniperus communis nana or NY2900- 00420 intermediate form. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Declining stand due to lack of regeneration. This is unlikely to change under current management regimes with too many out-wintered sheep limiting the growth of plants and preventing regeneration. Clone of aspen trees (30 stems) at NY 29651 00105. Juniperus communis nana or hybrid growing amongst common juniper on Steel Edge at NY29375 00420.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Birk Fell, Tilberthwaite Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Tilber Birk Total Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas, Survey date: 12/07/11. Second visit Alastair Ross, Sandra and Steve 07/05/2013 Kruger Cent. grid ref: NY 295 019 Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 410 – 490 metres Aspect: SSE Ownership:

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes r) GPS number and track name / label? 7 - Greenburn s) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub A Total stand Area 8.8 ha 8.6 ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm..

Sub stand A Total Count 6027 Method VP using photo Confidence M

4. Dominant vegetation and summary of other vegetation types within and immediately around the stand: Acid grassland. acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Was a grazing impact assessment carried out? Yes / no

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Abundant mat grass, Nardus stricta and lack of dwarf shrub heath suggests previous long term high grazing impact. Sward height, flowering of grasses, health of juniper and presence of numerous juniper seedlings suggest a recent relaxation in grazing pressure however. 07/05/2013 visit: Of 20 seedlings found, 75 % were browsed, two of these heavily, with all foliage removed. I passed around double this number of young bushes, and if anything a greater proportion of these were heavily browsed. Walking along the upper boundary of the juniper stand, uprooted and scattered Nardus tussocks were abundant and most Juncus squarrosus rosettes were heavily grazed.

6. Other land management affecting juniper? 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present 10% 90% present present Comments: Many tens of seedlings and young trees were present around the periphery of the stand, but few within the stand

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Tilber-Birk NY 29910 191˚ From roadside nr Blea Moss. stand file, 03520 Overview of stand. July 2011 051 Tilber-Birk Large Juniper. Stand file, 081

Tilber-Birk View of stand from Eastern Stand file, boundary. 091

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Taller standard trees almost absent, with only the occasional holly amongst the stand. Most juniper were within the ‘old’ category and it may be that there has been little if any regeneration within the stand over the last century. A more recent batch of young trees now seems to be supplemented with many seedlings of up to a couple of years old. Previously suppressed trees now seem to be growing well. Given the late summer date, few birds were present, but redpoll, siskin, song thrush and dunnock were using the stand.

07/05/2013 The regeneration of juniper that has occurred around the eastern boundary of the stand has not been replicated elsewhere around the boundary. The young and seedling trees are now more heavily and frequently browsed (see grazing impact section). The general impression is that a pulse of natural regeneration occurred between ten and three years ago, but this has now stopped and many of the new individuals are now being suppressed by sheep browsing. Listened to singing willow warbler, chaffinch, robin, wren, dunnock and goldcrest on this visit. Also spotted a couple of rowan amongst the juniper, and two birch and one larch further downslope. There was a patch of 30 long-dead juniper around NY29592 01835 and there were more scattered dead bushes to the west of this patch.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blea Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blea Tarn

Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2903-01 Survey date: 26/07/11 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas, Cent. grid ref: NY 297 038 Sarah Johnston Valley / area: Little Langdale Altitude: 130m. - 320m. Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: j) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes t) GPS number and track name / label? 5 Blea Tarn East u) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub A B C Total stand (east) (West) (outlier) Area 23.7ha 16.6ha 40.3ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp J.c.communis

Sub stand A B C Total Count 1580 2015 30 3625 Method VP photo VP VP VP photo Confidence M M H M

4. Dominant habitats and other features / vegetation present: bracken dominated. acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Almost all accessible juniper show evidence of browsing and only one seedling was seen.

6. Other land management affecting juniper? Shading – tall trees and bracken.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present None seen >90% present Present Comments: 1 seedling seen. Dead trees may have been under-estimated due to bracken cover.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point / Ref. bearing cation Number Blea Tarn NY29546 171˚ N/A Overview of valley bottom and 04137 (sub-stand B) Lingmoor file, July 2011, 060 Blea Tarn NY29554 61˚ N/A Looking across valley to and 04154 sparse juniper (sub-stand A) Lingmoor file, July 2011, 072

Blea Tarn NY29554 77˚ N/A Looking across valley to and 04154 sparse juniper (sub-stand A) Lingmoor file, July 2011, 073

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Standard trees include holly, yew, rowan, sycamore, oak, birch and ash. Recorded 4 redstart, yellowhammer, willow warbler, whitethroat, robin, great and coal tit, redpoll, blackbird and siskin. Most of the younger juniper were found in wet flushes / damp areas, and some of these were acting as a base for Sphagnum growth. Stand generally heavily browsed, with high sheep density at present.

Additional notes after 26/06/2012 visit. Two male beautiful demoiselle along stream NY296036. Three small pearl bordered butterflies in same area.

October 2013: After two seasons of stock exclusion juniper seedlings are now easy to find on thinner soils around crags. Despite frequent incursions by small numbers of sheep, seedlings, established bushes and planted juniper further upslope have not been browsed since exclusion. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lingmoor West Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blea Tarn Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2904-01 Survey date: 15/09/2011 Recorder name (s): MD JA AC Cent. grid ref: NY2904-01 Valley / area: Little Langdale Altitude: 210 – 370m Aspect: WSW Ownership:

2. Stand area: k) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

v) GPS number and track name / label? GPS6 Blea Tarn

w) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 5.73 5.73 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 570 570 Method VP VP Photo photo Confidence Medium Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation Dry Heath

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer ? Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Med/patchy – more accessible areas have grazed sward incl. Molinia, some Calluna & Erica c. grazed to cushions. Found 10’s of seedlings in couple of wet patches. 6. Other threats: Larch plantation self-seeding elsewhere on slope. Old & young Sycamore present. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Yes 10% 40% 45% No 5% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number 29551 32deg Oblique shot of slope showing bulk of 04747 Juniper and assoc. habitat 29116 63deg VP photo from other side of tarn, for 04541 VP count.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Larch plantation self-seeding across slope, Birch, Sycamore (some large old trees & younger individuals), Hawthorn, Rowan, Holly, Oak, Cherry. Birds – 5 Ring Ouzel, Kestrel, Chaffinch. Butterflies – Tortoiseshell, Peacock & Red Admiral. Some more base-rich areas on the slope, rich in Thyme & Fairy flax. Didn’t walk through Larch plantation, at the south boundary of the stand, to define extent of Juniper.

Restoration: Although this site has a good mix of habitats and juniper age classes, it appears that some areas are heavily grazed and juniper regeneration will be limited at these locations. On the other hand, there is some self-seeding of larch amongst the juniper and there are many other tree species present close by. Drastic reductions in sheep stocking density may allow the spread of more tall trees including sycamore, and as such the best option for this area may be a greater degree of off-wintering of sheep.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Stickle Gill Equiv. L. Ward site (s): none Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2907-01 Survey date: 18/06/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas and P. Cent. grid ref: NY2901 0705 Howlett Valley / area: Langdale Altitude: 230m – 300m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: l) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A x) GPS number and track name / label? N / A y) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B Total Count 7 5 12 Method VP VP VP Confidence H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation / habitat …Outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper on inaccessible crags.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead

Comments: Not assessed due to difficult access

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blea Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Easedale (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2908-01 Survey date: 20/09/2011 Recorder name (s): MD Cent. grid ref: NY29900 08200 Valley / area:Grasmere Altitude:360 – 500m Aspect: NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: m) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

z) GPS number and track name / label?

aa) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 2.2 2.4 3 7.6Ha Confidence 3 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 90 60 30 180 Method VP VP VP Confidence Medium Medium Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation: Acid grassland…………

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

Nardus dominant & abundant over large areas. Most Juniper accessible to sheep show browsing signs, but most Juniper is growing on crags.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Present Present Present Present Present Present Comments: Not accessed closely for accurate assessment.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY30316 Oblique shot of slope. NY2908- 08024 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Numerous Ash, Rowan & Birch with small clone of Aspen. Lime rich flushes with greater floral diversity (S. aizodes, S. stellara, A. alpine & Allchemilla sp.) all short- cropped.

Inputted to mapinfo 17/11/11 Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lingmoor North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Lingmoor Oak How W and E Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3005-01 Survey date: 31/07/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, S. Cent. grid ref: NY3013 0587 Johnson Valley / area: Gt Langdale Altitude: 150m – 330m Aspect: 358 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: n) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes bb) GPS number and track name / label? N / A cc) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 19.80 - - 19.80 Confidence 5 3 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 1770 132 20 1922 Method VP VP VP VP photo photo Confidence L h h L

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Along the lower altitude boundary browsed juniper were found after some searching, and Calluna and Erica cinerea were browsed to cushions. As we gained altitude browsing and grazing pressure decreased to almost zero – even holly experiencing very light browsing and getting away. There was one small patch of light red deer browsing – on two adjacent junipers at a height of five foot. DSH around the upper boundary was very healthy with very little browsing obvious over the last decade.

6. Other threats: Sycamore: Present in good numbers, with a number of age classes present, including seedlings. First patch of at least ten trees around NY29895 05730, oldest at least thirty years old. Second patch of at least 11 sycamores around NY 30202 05641, oldest at least forty years old. Third patch of at least 5 sycamores around NY 30150 05940.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X X Comments: Tens of seedlings found around boundary – well spread amongst a variety of vegetation types. Young trees growing and establishing well through deep Calluna.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY3006 344 View from upper boundary NY3005- 05649 degrees 01A Jun- NY30261 285 NY3005- 05676 degrees 01B Jun- NY30261 317 NY3005- 05676 degrees 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This is a very healthy stand which has experienced frequent (continuous?) regeneration events in the last 50 years. Regeneration of tall trees within the juniper may be a problem lower down the slope, but regeneration of juniper at the southern end may allow the stand to migrate upslope over time, producing a sequence of woodland and scrub habitats along the altitudinal gradient. The juniper here is one of very few in the Lake District which grades into dwarf shrub heath along its upper boundary rather than grass or bracken. Associated trees include ash, rowan, larch, yew, holly, birch and oak, including an ancient coppiced oak at NY 30465 05788. Sycamore is also present though and this may be a threat to the juniper, as it is currently regenerating well from the numerous large seed trees scattered throughout the stand. The count of 1922 bushes is likely to be a large underestimate, and the resulting juniper density when using this total – of 100 bushes per hectare, seems to be easily exceeded throughout the stand.

A breeding bird survey was carried out here in 2013, and the following species were observed as holding territories:

Species Willow warbler Lesser redpoll Chaffinch Wren Robin Dunnock Blackbird Song thrush Coal tit Siskin Linnet Goldcrest Tree pipit Mistle thrush Cuckoo Bullfinch

NY21

Sites List: Jun-NY1917-02 Robinson Crags Jun-NY2719-01 Brown Knotts Jun-NY2010-01 Kirk Fell South Jun-NY2719-02 Dodd, Borrowdale Jun-NY2011-01 Kirk Fell North Jun-NY2720-01 Ashness Enclosure Jun-NY2112-01 Grey Knotts West Jun-NY2815-01 Brimming Knott Jun-NY2212-01 Grey Knotts South Jun-NY2919-01 Goat Crag and Iron Crag Jun-NY2213-01 Grey Knotts Jun-NY2416-01 Goat Crag, Borrowdale Jun-NY2416-02 Nitting Haws, Borrowdale Jun-NY2511-01 Cam Crag Jun-NY2616-01 Jopplety How Jun-NY2617-01 Ether Knott Jun-NY2717-01 Thwaitehouse Beck

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: GOAT CRAG Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY2416-01 Survey date: 09/01/2012 Recorder name (s): MD Cent. grid ref: NY24610 - 16200 Valley / area: BORROWDALE Altitude: 190 – 400m Aspect: E Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

b) GPS number and track name / label? GAOT CRAG 5

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 5.44 5.44 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp COMM

Sub stand A B Total Count 700 14 714 Method VP VP VP Confidence M H M

4. Dominant Vegetation …ACID GRASSLAND….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer? Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper showing past browsing with 1 mature tree cropped to a small lollipop 20cm high. However, young trees & seedlings doing well close by. Calluna & Erica browsed to carpets where sheep can access them – sheep present in January. 6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Y Y Y Y Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- 24854 270 deg Overview south NY2415- 15972 01 A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Yew, Birch, Holly, Ash, Hawthorn & Larch present. Access difficult. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Nitting Haws Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: NY2416-02 Survey date: 09/01/2012 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 24480 16780 Valley / area: Borrowdale Altitude: 240 – 350m. Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership: ?

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 1.87 N/A 1.87ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A B Total Count 470 35 505 Method VP VP VP Confidence M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Lower slopes dominated by Nardus in some areas and both Herdwick and Swaledale sheep present in January. Browsing of last year’s juniper shoots hard to find but frequent evidence of previous browsing back to woody material. Found one bark stripped stem and one bush lightly browsed by red deer.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present Present Comments: Seedlings not difficult to find around N side of stand.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY24678 264 Overview of stand from knoll to the NY2416- 16836 degrees east. 02A

Jun- NY24737 322 Overview from Goat Crags NY2416- 16395 degrees 02B

Jun- Juniper in foreground with upper NY2416- Borrowdale valley in the 02C background.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Associated trees – ash, rowan, holly, yew and birch. Grazing impacts much lower along high altitude boundary with DSH dominating the upper slopes.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Goat Crag and Iron Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY2919-01 Survey date: 27/02/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY2960 1960 Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 280m – 500m Aspect: 80 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 19.91 19.91 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 964 964 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation / habitat …outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsed juniper easy to find on lower slopes and below main crag, with 100% of shoots sheep-browsed on some bushes. DSH is restricted to crags here and Deschampsia cespitosa is grazed back hard in some cases. Higher up grazing is lighter and although some Calluna vulgaris is browsed to cushion form at the crag top, some young junipers have got away within the last ten years. Light red deer browsing was found on one bush at the south end of Iron Crag.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X X Comments: Dominated by old trees but close inspection not possible for most bushes. Regeneration hotspot at NY2956 1950, where there were 6 seedlings and 5 young trees.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY29654 284 View of dense juniper above gully, Iron NY2919- 19421 degrees Crag 01A Ju- NY29753 250 Looking up at lower slopes of Goat NY2919- 20007 degrees Crag 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Juniper largely restricted to crags where other tree species such as larch, ash, rowan, willow spp, hazel, holly and birch are numerous and there are also a few individuals of Scot’s pine, oak and aspen. Aspen locations are shown below: • NY 29399 19950 13 stems. • NY 29304 19926 4 stems • NY 29538 19504 1 stem

A few juniper are regenerating around the margins of the stand but the numbers of young and seedling bushes seen are insufficient to maintain the population in the long term. A red fox (dog) was disturbed from the crags and Racomitrium ericoides found on the scree below Goat Crag. A large patch of bearberry was identified at NY 29327 19787 and four more patches were found on the base of the crags as far north as NY29304 19926.

NY22

Sites List: Jun-NY2120-01 Rigg Screes Jun-NY2719-01 Brown Knotts Jun-NY2720-01 Ashness Enclosure Jun-NY2919-01 Goat Crag and Iron Crag

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Ashness Enclosure Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Brown Knotts (part of) Site Ref. code: Jun-NY2720-01 Survey date: 17/10/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 2715 2007 Valley / area: Borrowdale Altitude: 180 – 240m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area Confidence 4 4 4 3 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 234 9 25 11 279 Method VP VP VP VP VP Confidence L H H L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Stock excluded and browsing generally light, but sheep dung present and browsing on planted yew over (?) the guards suggests that red deer may be visiting occasionally. Established juniper have recovered well since severe browsing pre- enclosure (2001). 6. Other threats: Shading – from taller trees and dense bracken. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X X Comments: M. Pankhurst (NT) suggests that at least 200 of 500 seedlings planted up to 2003 have survived. There has obviously been some natural regeneration since this time with 8 young and 2 seedlings found away from planted areas.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This site seems to be doing well since enclosure (2001), but bracken growth means that juniper planted up to 2003 still need annual bracken weeding. The strong bracken growth probably limits natural regeneration of juniper to thinner soils around crags and given the numerous tall trees present within the enclosure some form of livestock grazing in the future will be important if juniper is to persist in the long term.

Patches of thick gorse present along with hawthorn, blackthorn, oak, ash, birch, hazel, rowan and yew.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 19.91 19.91 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 964 964 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation / habitat …outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

NY30

Sites List: Jun-NY2903-01 Blea Tarn, Little Langdale Jun-NY3200-01 Old Close Jun-NY2904-01 Lingmoor West Jun-NY3201-01 Oxen Fell Jun-NY2908-01 Blea Crag, Easedale Jun-NY3201-02 Old Close West Jun-NY3000-01 Yewdale Beck Jun-NY3201-03 Stone Chair Jun-NY3000-02 Yew Band Jun-NY3201-04 Man Crag Jun-NY3000-03 Yewdale, Tilberthwaite Jun-NY3206-01 Silver Howe South Jun-NY3001-01 Tilberthwaite Quarry Jun-NY3206-02 Silver Howe North Jun-NY3001-02 Blake Rigg Jun-NY3300-01 Torver Intake Jun-NY3002-01 Great Intake North Jun-NY3300-02 Limestone Hill Jun-NY3003-01 Lingmoor South Jun-NY3302-01 Park Fell Jun-NY3005-01 Lingmoor North Jun-NY3402-01 Black Fell Jun-NY3008-01 Easedale Tarn Jun-NY3404-01 Lad Crag, Loughrigg Jun-NY3100-01 Raven Crag, Tilberthwaite Jun-NY3504-01 Loughrigg South Jun-NY3101-01 Holme Ground Jun-NY3505-01 Loughrigg Fell Jun-NY3102-01 The Dubs Jun-NY3505-02 Loughrigg Quarries Jun-NY3104-01 Lingmoor Baysbrown Jun-NY3506-01 Nab Scar, Rydal Jun-NY3105-01 Chapel Stile Jun-NY3604-01 Miller Brow, Loughrigg Jun-NY3107-01 Blindtarn Moss

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blea Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blea Tarn

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? 5 Blea Tarn East c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub A B C Total stand (east) (West) (outlier) Area 23.7ha 16.6ha 40.3ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp J.c.communis

Sub stand A B C Total Count 1580 2015 30 3625 Method VP photo VP VP VP photo Confidence M M H M

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Almost all accessible juniper show evidence of browsing and only one seedling was seen.

6. Other land management affecting juniper? Shading – tall trees and bracken.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Blea Tarn NY29554 77˚ N/A Looking across valley to and 04154 sparse juniper (sub-stand A) Lingmoor file, July 2011, 073

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Additional notes after 26/06/2012 visit. Two male beautiful demoiselle along stream NY296036. Three small pearl bordered butterflies in same area.

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

d) GPS number and track name / label? GPS6 Blea Tarn

e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 5.73 5.73 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 570 570 Method VP VP Photo photo Confidence Medium Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation Dry Heath

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer ? Other ………..

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

f) GPS number and track name / label?

g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 2.2 2.4 3 7.6Ha Confidence 3 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 90 60 30 180 Method VP VP VP Confidence Medium Medium Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation: Acid grassland…………

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

Nardus dominant & abundant over large areas. Most Juniper accessible to sheep show browsing signs, but most Juniper is growing on crags.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Present Present Present Present Present Present Comments: Not accessed closely for accurate assessment.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY30316 Oblique shot of slope. NY2908- 08024 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Numerous Ash, Rowan & Birch with small clone of Aspen. Lime rich flushes with greater floral diversity (S. aizodes, S. stellara, A. alpine & Allchemilla sp.) all short-cropped. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Yewdale, Tilberthwaite Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Beck Yewdale Tot Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3000-03 Survey date: 16/01/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY30710 00200 Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 180m to 320m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes h) GPS number and track name / label? N / A i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 25.77ha Confidence 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 1826 2563 4389 Method VP VP VP photo photo photo Confidence L L L

4. Dominant Habitat / Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Every third juniper browsed, and browse lined and pruned juniper easy to find.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X present present X present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY31267 218 Overview of southern half of stand, NY3000- 00362 degrees taken from Raven Crag, 07/05/2013 03A Jun- NY31267 273 Overview of southern half of stand, NY3000- 00362 degrees taken from Raven Crag, 07/05/2013 03B Jun- Sheep pruned juniper, 16/01/2013 NY3000- 03C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Numerous tall trees included birch, holly, rowan, hawthorn, ash, oak and sycamore. The stand shows signs of chronic high grazing impacts, with numerous browse lined bushes and a lack of regeneration in recent decades.

Paired soil samples were taken at the northern end of the stand in early 2013, one of a pair from underneath a juniper canopy, and the other on open grassland close by. These were analysed by Sue Ward of Lancaster University. The results are shown below and although the expected differences in soil nitrogen and carbon were thrown up, these weren’t statistically significant. More samples would need to be taken from more different sites to illustrate (or disprove) junipers role as a soil builder.

Soil Soil % Soil % Soil Soil % Soil samples, 2013 C:N C N pH Moisture ratio Under Mean 26.31 1.66 15.78 4.08 34.06 Juniper Standard Deviation 9.32 0.57 0.29 0.89 15.18 Matching Mean 18.06 1.42 12.78 4.60 47.96 control site Standard Deviation 6.45 0.49 1.10 0.77 20.44

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Tilberthwaite Quarry Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Tilberthwaite Knott / High Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3001-01 Survey date: 06/12/2011 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY30522 01884 Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 240 – 380m Aspect: various Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes j) GPS number and track name / label?

k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 6.68 6.68 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 961 961 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …Bracken…………….

Other vegetation / habitats present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Many accessible juniper showing browse line. Current browsing of long shoots infrequent, so frequency of browse lines and pruned bushes suggests winter browsing is a problem. Many sheep out wintered at present.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present Comments: Snow on the ground and difficult access so seedling, young and dead trees could have been missed.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Winter browsing appears to be a problem at this site with browse lines and pruning suggesting that this has been a problem for a long period.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Great Intake North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Tilberthwaite Knott Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3002-01 Survey date: 07/05/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY3017 0243 Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 250m – 380m Aspect: 350 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label? N / a m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 1.92ha Confidence 4 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 198 120 65 383 Method VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsing on juniper light and patchy, the exception being one mature bush which had 100% of shoots removed on the lower slopes.

6. Other threats: None

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present >30% >50% present present Comments: 1 seedling and 10 young found,

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Generally healthy juniper stand with little browsing pressure. Natural regeneration, though present is thin on the ground though. Scattered trees included yew, holly and rowan, and there were also two each of larch and birch within sub-stand C. Sub-stand A refers to the southernmost patch of juniper, C the northern most.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lingmoor South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Lingmoor Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3003-01 Survey date: 29-09-2011 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: NY 307 037 MD AC Valley / area: Little Langdale Altitude: 170 – 330 m. Aspect: Southerly Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

n) GPS number and track name / label?

o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 8.89 ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 2060 152 753 2965 Method VP VP VP Photo VP+photo Confidence L H M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Signs of browsing on most accessible Juniper but very few with browse line. Very few seedlings (10) and some of these browsed. Higher ground dominated by Nardus. DSH browsed back hard. Lots of bare ground on steep slopes with scree.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Y Y <10% >90% N Y Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Birch and Rowan common especially in A, also Hawthorn, Holly, Sycamore, Yew, Ash & Oak. Very old trees in A – one of which is 6m high and 45cm diameter at base. Coal Tits present. Calluna and E. cinereae present, but no bilberry. Sub-stand A has some lime-rich areas with New Zealand willowherb, birdsfoot trefoil, fairy flax, thyme and wet flushes with marsh lousewort & fumitory.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes p) GPS number and track name / label? N / A q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 19.80 - - 19.80 Confidence 5 3 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 1770 132 20 1922 Method VP VP VP VP photo photo Confidence L h h L

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

A breeding bird survey was carried out here in 2013, and the following species were observed as holding territories:

Species Willow warbler Lesser redpoll Chaffinch Wren Robin Dunnock Blackbird Song thrush Coal tit Siskin Linnet Goldcrest Tree pipit Mistle thrush Cuckoo Bullfinch

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Easedale Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Easedale (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3008-01 Survey date: 20/09/2011 Recorder name (s): MD Cent. grid ref: NY30400 08950 Valley / area: Grasmere Altitude:300 – 520m Aspect: SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes

r) GPS number and track name / label? CWT6 Easedale 1 & 2

s) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 8.8 8.8Ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand A Total Count 786 786 Method VP Confidence Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Nardus dominant & abundant over large areas. Most Juniper accessible to sheep have browsing signs, though 2 seedlings found at relatively inaccessible point at N boundary (460m). Dwarf shrub heath only on cliffs. Bilberry growing through Nardus all cropped short. 6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Present Present Present >90% None Present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number 30991 Whole stand photo from across the 08404 tarn.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Ash, Oak, Rowan, Holly & Hawthorn growing amongst Juniper. Carlisle Thistle at base of rich flush. Wheatear, Robin, Wren & Meadow Pipit seen. Numerous Herdwick sheep with droppings everywhere.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Holme Ground Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Holme total Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3101-01 Survey date: 04/05/2012 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, H. Cent. grid ref: NY3124 0112 Corton Valley / area: Tilberthwaite Altitude: 190 – 230m Aspect: 280 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: j) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes t) GPS number and track name / label? N / A u) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 2.21 2.21ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 242 242 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Habitat / Vegetation …woodland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Some browsing of juniper seen during November 2011 survey.

6. Other threats: Shading 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present 40% 60% present present Comments: lots of berry bearing bushes.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Juniper stand seemingly at risk from both red deer browsing and shading, with numerous leggy bushes illustrating the extent of competition with tall trees.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Chapel Stile Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Gt Langdale Harry West and Thrang Crag Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3105-01 Survey date: 20/07/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas and S. Cent. grid ref: NY3188 0598 Johnson Valley / area: Great Langdale Altitude: 220m – 360m Aspect: 225 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: k) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes v) GPS number and track name / label? N / A w) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 15.57ha Confidence 4 4 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 66 1778 ? ? 1844 Method VP photo Confidence L M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most bushes winter browsed and browse lined juniper easy to find.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present dominant present Present Comments: Tens of trees seem to be infected with Phytopthora austrocedrae.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Looking south from the northern end of NY3105- the main sub-stand. 01A Jun- NY304 056 Photo of main sub-stand taken from NY3105- Oak How 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This stand appears to be in similar condition to neighbouring stands at Silver How and Blindtarn Moss, in that it is strugging under heavy browsing and has not seen substantial regeneration in many decades.

The northern point (Robin Gill) has 66 juniper and the main sub-stand 1778 juniper. The two southern sub-stands were not counted, so the total bush numbers given is likely to be a large under-estimate.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blindtarn Moss Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blindtarn Moss Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3107-01 Survey date: 17/08/11 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas, Cent. grid ref: NY 315 076 Sarah Johnson Valley / area: Grasmere Altitude: 200 – 420m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: l) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes x) GPS number and track name / label? N/A y) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 46ha 26ha 18.6ha 90.6 ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm.

Sub stand A B C Total Count >8000 Method Photos Confidence Low

4. Dominant vegetation and summary of other vegetation types within and immediately around the stand: Bracken acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Was a grazing impact assessment carried out? Yes / no

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Dwarf shrub heath present only on the most inaccessible crags, abundant Nardus stricta and Juncus squarrosus, and very little juniper regeneration point to high grazing pressure. Although current years juniper growth is untouched it looks like browsing back into woody growth is frequent, perhaps illustrating that winter browsing is a problem for the juniper on this site. There is currently less heavy grazing at high altitude and we found around 20 seedlings and a number of young trees between NY 31176 07727 and NY 31050 08010.

6. Other threats A number of large sycamores grow amongst the juniper, and they have obviously successfully set seed within the last 20 years as a number of young trees are also present. The potentially harmful shading effects of this species will need to be taken into account if stock numbers are reduced, or if fenced exclosures are put in place. A large die off of juniper has occurred above Blindtarn Moss around NY3180 0757.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present >90% present Present Comments: Perhaps 300 dead or dying juniper, the latter with rusting foliage.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label / Grid Comp. Description of fixed point Number Ref. bearing Jun-NY3107-01A NY 32271 306˚ Overview of high ground at SE 07406 corner of the stand Jun-NY3107-01B NY 31909 273˚ Yew Crag photo 08039 Jun-NY3107-01C NY 31909 224˚ Swinescar Hause photo 08039 Jun-NY3107-01D NY 31909 190˚ Swinescar Pike photo 08039 Jun-NY3107-01E NY 31909 160˚ Looking SE at remaining juniper 08039

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Larger standard trees are scattered throughout the stand at higher altitudes, while lower down these become more dense. Trees include ash, oak, sycamore, yew, holly, rowan, birch, larch and hawthorn. A number of bird species were feeding in the juniper, with goldcrest, redpoll, siskin, blackcap, wren, willow warbler, robin, tree pipit, bullfinch, redstart, mistle thrush and sparrowhawk all present.

20/09/11: Mapped out three sycamore around Swinescar Hause: 1. NY 31443 07369 Large Sycamore close to large Ash tree. 2. NY 31385 07495 Large Sycamore, position estimated from 100 m away. 3. NY 31477 07503 Small Sycamore close to beck.

Also watched 25 ring ouzel feeding on and around juniper on this date (NY 31638 07325).

20/07/2012: Ring counted a windblown juniper stem (one of two – the other is still attached to its base!). It measured 88cm girth and 28cm diameter. Counted 76 rings. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Old Close Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Stone Chair and Old Close Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3200-01 Survey date: 01/05/2012 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, H. Cent. grid ref: NY3281 0093 Corton. Valley / area: Tom Heights Altitude: 150m – 210m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: m) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes z) GPS number and track name / label? N / A aa) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 3.63 3.63ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 338 338 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Habitat / Vegetation …woodland / bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats: Shading 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X 25% 75% X present Comments: Lots of dead bushes – some with saw cuts.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Oxenfell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Oxenfell North Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3201-01 Survey date: 30/06/2011 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, B. Cent. grid ref: NY321 019 King, D. Benham Valley / area: Hodge Close Altitude: 160 – 170m. Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: n) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes bb) GPS number and track name / label? n/a cc) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand NW Cent SE Total Area 1.14 0.03 0.08 2.21ha ha ha ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm……

Sub stand NW Cent SE Total Count 287 119 130 536 Method WT WT WT WT Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Sheep not grazing at present but lack of DSH (other than on inaccessible crags) and abundance of Nardus stricta and Juncus squarrosus suggests that there is (or was) high grazing pressure through some of the year.

6. Other threats: Shading by a variety of tall tree species. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present X 90% present 10% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY32220 286 Dead juniper in shade of large NY3201- 01798 degrees sycamore 01A

Jun- NY32120 232 Young sycamore growing amongst NY3201- 01923 degrees dense juniper and bracken 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Singing / calling siskin, redpoll, willow warbler, crossbill, whitethroat and robin present. Very tall junipers, up to 6m. tall under scattered oak, birch, rowan, larch, willow, ash and sycamore. Flushes with a variety of Sphagnums and bog pimpernel. Green tiger beetle on track.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Silverhowe South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3206-01 Survey date: 20/07/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, S. Cent. grid ref: NY 3284 0607 Johnson Valley / area: Grasmere Altitude: 200m – 260m Aspect: 45 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: o) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A dd) GPS number and track name / label? N / A ee) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 13.47 - - - 13.47 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm …………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 1330 3 11 15 1359 Method VP VP VP VP VP Confidence L H H H L

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most accessible bushes are browsed, with more than two thirds of last years shoots removed on many bushes. Much of the grassland is Nardus dominated and we came across numerous large patches of Juncus squarrosus.

6. Other threats: Possible Phytophthora austrocedrae infection with instant test kits showing positive.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present >75% present present Comments: Only 4 yound trees found.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY 32695 171 Overview of whole stand. NY3206- 06533 degrees 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Outlier B is the southern outlier, C the Dow Crag outlier, and D the Northern outlier. Associated trees include ash, rowan, holly yew, sycamore, hawthorn and oak. Like other stands in this area, this stand has been over-grazed for a long period, with very little regeneration of juniper in the last 60 years.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Silverhowe North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3206-02 Survey date: 20/07/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, S. Cent. grid ref: NY 3275 0672 Johnson Valley / area: Grasmere Altitude: 180m – 350m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: p) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A ff) GPS number and track name / label? N / A gg) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area - - - - 7.87 Confidence 5 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… comm…………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count ? 45 39 52 ? Method VP VP VP Confidence H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing on inaccessible crags. Otherwise, grazing pressure likely to be similar to Silver Howe South (Chronically high)

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead T Comments: Close inspection not possible due to terrain

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Sub-stand B is the northern outlier, D the southern, and C in between. The main sub-stand, A, was not counted due to poor vantage points.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Park Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Park Fell Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3302-01 Survey date: 29/08/2012 Recorder name (s): P and C Cent. grid ref: NY 3360 0248 Matthiessen Valley / area: Skelwith Altitude: 120 – 250m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: q) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Y hh) GPS number and track name / label? N / A ii) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 17.23 17.23ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c. comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 818 818 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsing pressure low at the moment. 45 – 50 sheep graze for six months of the year and 10 cattle for one month. Has been in HLS agreement for 2 years (?)

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead x 10% 55% 30% x 5% Comments: Around 40 – 50% of bushes with berries.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- N. end of stand NY3302- 01A Jun- Wet flush within juniper stand NY3302- 01B Jun- N. end of stand – further upslope. NY3302- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Established bushes seem to be in good condition under current management regimes, though substantial regeneration has still not occurred since the change in management (2 years ago?).

MD – associated trees include larch, birch, holly, rowan, ash, yew and sycamore. Large individual of the latter present at the north end of the stand and this was surrounded by small seedlings on my first visit in May 2011. I also found one juniper seedling on a later visit late in December 2012.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Black Fell, Skelwith Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3402-01 Survey date: 10/09/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 3439 0225 Valley / area: Skelwith Altitude: 170m – 280m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: r) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes jj) GPS number and track name / label? N / A kk) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D E F G Total Area 4.48ha Confidence 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D E F G Total Count 191 117 8 1 1 4 1 323 Method WT Confidence M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Woodland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Majority of juniper browsed, with small bushes suppressed, particularly in the more open grassy areas to the S and E. Some summer browsing and this, alongside the height of browsing on larger bushes and some thrashing damage, suggests red deer are the main culprit. Heather browsed to carpets where present, with little flowering.

6. Other threats: Shading. Tall trees shading and killing some juniper in the E of the site.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present >80% X 5 – 10% Comments: 8 suppressed juniper at the southernmost point approx. 6 – 30yrs old but very small (mostly less than 1’).

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Good mixture of taller trees mostly to the east of the site, with closed canopy woodland extending upslope to shade out juniper. These include oak, ash, cherry, birch, yew, sycamore, beech, hazel, rowan, holly, larch, Scot’s pine.

Red deer browsing on juniper - moderate to high impacts with up to 100% of shoots removed in winter and some signs of recent (summer) browsing. One bush with thrashing damage too. These animals may be responsible for suppressing the growth of young and mature bushes further upslope to the south. These individuals are unlikely to grow and establish under current conditions.

Height, extent and frequency of browsing suggests red deer rather than sheep are the main browsers. Sheep have been off-wintered since 2004.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lad Crag, Loughrigg Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Loughrigg Tarn Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3404-01 Survey date: 28/07/2012 Recorder name (s): R. Nutman and G. Cent. grid ref: NY 349 049 Thompson Valley / area: Loughrigg Fell Altitude: 180m – 250m Aspect: 225 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: s) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes ll) GPS number and track name / label?

mm) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 0.51 0.51 Confidence 4 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B Total Count 154 17 171 Method VP VP VP Confidence M H H

4. Dominant Vegetation / Habitat …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present 20% 75% X X Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Loughrigg Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Loughrigg Rydal total Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3505-01 Survey date: 29/05/2013 Recorder name (s): R. Nutman and G Cent. grid ref: NY 3561 0541 Thompson Valley / area: Loughrigg Altitude: 110m – 210m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: t) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes nn) GPS number and track name / label? N / A oo) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 10.82 Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D E Total Count 831 33 122 75 4 1065 Method VP VP VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No juniper seedlings but no browsing of established bushes at present either. Seedlings of ash and rowan un-browsed.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X 5% 10% 60% present 25% Comments: More than 5% of the total show discolouration.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Overview of stand from nearby NY3505- summit. 01A Jun- Old juniper in main sub-stand. NY3505- 01B Jun- Various tall trees amongst juniper in NY3505- main sub-stand. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Main sub-stand = A, NE sub-stand = B, Eastern sub-stand = C, SE sub-stand = D. ‘E’ represents 4 scattered bushes around the other sub-stands. Birch, ash, oak, rowan, holly and sycamore present.

12/06/2013 M. Douglas visited the site to look for Phytophthora austrocedrae but found no obvious symptoms in any bushes. Found some examples of browsing but these were very light, occurring on less than 30% of shoots, and only on a minority of bushes. Singing redpoll, willow warbler tree pipit, chaffinch, dunnock and meadow pipit within the stand, where larch, yew, elder, oak ash, rowan and sycamore are present. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Loughrigg Quarries Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Loughrigg Rydal total Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3505-02 Survey date: 29/05/2013 Recorder name (s): R. Nutman and G. Cent. grid ref: NY 3518 0572 Thompson Valley / area: Loughrigg Fell Altitude: 70m – 180m Aspect: 10 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: u) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes pp) GPS number and track name / label? N / A qq) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 3.35ha Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 48 133 29 210 Method VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No recent browsing on juniper

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X <5% 5% 65% present 25% Comments: 6% of bushes showed discoloured foliage

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Old juniper and holly in southern sub- NY3505- stand. 02A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Large adder in northern sub-stand. A = Northern sub-stand, B = southern sub-stand and C = scattered individuals in the vicinity.

M. Douglas visited 12/06/2013 to check for signs of Phytophthora austrocedrae but found no obvious symptoms on any bushes. Found some signs of light browsing but only on a minority of bushes. Singing redpoll and robin present. Holly, ash and rowan growing amongst juniper. Very old juniper at NY 35340 05932. Upright stem more than 50cm diameter at base (and at breast height), fallen stem within the same bush greater than 40 cm diameter at base.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Miller Brow Equiv. L. Ward site (s):Loughrigg Golf Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3604-01 Survey date: 25/07/2012 Recorder name (s): R. Nutman, G. Cent. grid ref: NY 3645 0443 Thompson Valley / area: Loughrigg Fell Altitude: 130 -160m Aspect: NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: v) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes rr) GPS number and track name / label?

ss) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 3.03 3.03ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 170 170 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats: 1 Rhododendron and a number of sycamore present. Could lead to shading of juniper in the future. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X >5% X 90% present X Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY36356 SSE East end of main stand NY3604- 04509 01A Jun- NY36356 SSW West end of main stand NY3604- 04509 01B Jun- Showing tree (rowan) growth through NY3604- protection of old juniper. Primula 01C farinosa in the foreground.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Ash, oak, birch, rowan, sycamore and 1 Rhododendron present. Predominantly old, massive, multi-stemmed juniper.

Restoration (added by M. Douglas, 16/11/2012): Natural regeneration is absent at present, and has been thin on the ground in recent decades. Although it is difficult to suggest changes to management regimes without further site visits, the photos suggest that more grazing may be required to provide regeneration niches for juniper seed (the photos show tall, un-grazed grass at the end of July). High stocking densities may achieve the opposite effect though, preventing regeneration of juniper as well as negatively affecting adjacent habitats. Out-wintering of sheep should be avoided, as this is the key period for juniper browsing and up-rooting of seedlings.

The presence of shade bearing trees presents a problem for light demanding juniper. As such, any sycamore growing within the juniper stand should be removed or killed. Ring-barking or drilling with herbicide application will kill trees and create standing dead wood, which would be valuable for fungi, invertebrates and birds. Similarly, Rhododendron, which will out-compete juniper in time, should be removed to prevent further spread.

Site visit 12/06/2013 (MD): Juniper at this site appears to be suffering from both shading and red deer browsing at the same time. Tall trees are growing up in the protection of juniper and shading them out, while red deer and a predominantly wet substrate are preventing natural regeneration. The only feasible restoration option for this population is to encourage expansion into the drier fields to the SW of the stand. Given the age of the existing bushes, planting would be a good option, alongside a favourable grazing regime of summer grazing only along a broad swathe of land adjacent to the stand.

NY31

Sites List: Jun-NY3010-01 Pike of Carrs Jun-NY3711-01 Black Crag Jun-NY3013-01 Tarn Crag, Thirlmere Jun-NY3711-02 Erne Nest Crag Jun-NY3110-01 Steel Fell Jun-NY3712-01 Greenhowe End Jun-NY3113-01 Dob Gill Jun-NY3712-02 Blake Brow Jun-NY3114-01 Bank Crags Jun-NY3810-01 Stand Crags, Dovedale Jun-NY3114-02 Brink Rigg Jun-NY3811-01 Hartsop above How Jun-NY3213-01 Whelpside Jun-NY3812-01 Hartsop above How North Jun-NY3213-02 Birkside Jun-NY3812-02 Gate Crag Jun-NY3217-01 Brown How Jun-NY3813-01 Deepdale North Jun-NY3218-01 Fisherplace Gill Jun-NY3814-01 Black Crags, Glenamara Jun-NY3218-02 White Crags Jun-NY3815-01 Harrison Crag Jun-NY3218-03 Stanah Gill Jun-NY3910-01 High Hartsop Dodd Jun-NY3313-01 Combe Crags Jun-NY3912-01 Woodside, Dovedale Jun-NY3517-01 Stang End (Glenridding) Jun-NY3912-02 Deepdale South Jun-NY3613-01 St. Sunday Crag Jun-NY3914-01 Aiken Crag Jun-NY3616-01 Blea Cove, Glenridding Jun-NY3914-02 Arnison Crag Jun-NY3710-01 Dove Crag Jun-NY3918-01 Birk Fell (Ullswater)

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Pike of Carrs Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3010-01 Survey date: 16/06/2013 Recorder name (s): D. Benham and E. Cent. grid ref: NY 3060 1027 King Valley / area: Grasmere / Easedale Altitude: 300m – 490m Aspect: 180 Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 9.61 ha Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 50 360 410 Method VP VP VP Confidence M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Accessible junipers have been repeatedly browsed by sheep to topiary forms

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X 1% 50% 45% ? 4% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY30609 NNW West end of stand NY3010- 10121 01A Jun- NY306 101 S Old, browsed juniper/ NY3010- 01

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Mostly old and mature juniper amongst grasses, heather and a few other small trees.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Tarn Crag, Thirlmere Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3013-01 Survey date: 21/03/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 30740 13370 Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 350 – 500m Aspect: 45 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

d) GPS number and track name / label?

e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 Total Area 5.73 5.73 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 590 590 Method VP VP photo photo Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grassland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Nardus stricta dominates large areas of grassland, and where present DSH is grazed back hard. Few signs of browsing on established juniper but it is largely confined to relatively inaccessible cliffs.

6. Other threats: Potential for invasion of conifers from nearby forestry – 2 sitka spruce found amongst juniper.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present none Present Comments: > 80% old and only two seedlings found.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY31516 260 NY3013- 13460 degrees 01A Jun- NY 30752 341 NY3013- 13240 degrees 01

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Scattered stand of juniper spread across a series of crags, largely limited to relatively inaccessible cliffs. Associated birch, rowan, holly, oak and Scot’s pine. Two Sitka spruce also present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Steel Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Steel Fell Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3110-01 Survey date: 26/06/2013 Recorder name (s): D. Benham and E. Cent. grid ref: NY 31790 11000 King Valley / area: Grasmere Altitude: 370m – 500m Aspect: Shoots 170, Blakerigg 190, Ash Ownership: Crags 90

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 5.21ha Confidence 4 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 50 400 80 530 Method VP VP VP VP Confidence M M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper browsed where accessible and topiary growth forms and browse lining recorded at Ash Crags (MD).

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X 30% 60% 7% 3% Comments: Not accessed closely to see berries.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY30402 E Blakerigg Crag NY3110- 10782 01A Jun- Heavily browsed juniper at Ash Crags NY3110- 01B Jun- Browse lined juniper at Ash Crags NY3110- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Most of the juniper on relatively inaccessible slopes, but heavily browsed where sheep gain access. Numerous hawthorns present. Sub-stand A = Shoots Crag, B= Blakerigg and C= Ash Crags.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Wythburn Dob Gill Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Wythburn Dob Gill Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3113-01 Survey date: 15 October 2011 Recorder name (s): Pete & Barbara Cent. grid ref: NY 315 136 Nelson Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 190m to 350m Aspect: NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes

h) GPS number and track name / label? Dob Gill juniper track.gpx

i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 Total Area 10.9 10.9 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 2172 2172 Method VP VP photo photo Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation Juniper, on about 70% of the stand. Bracken and rough grassland elsewhere

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? A few trees show a browse line. Short cropped grass sometimes Nardus stricta dominated and along with trampled bracken and grazed Deschampsia cespitosa and Juncus effusus, suggest that this area is moderately to heavily winter grazed.

6. Other land management affecting juniper? Some mature conifers have been felled on the lower slopes, to the benefit of the juniper 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead <1% 5% 15% 80% - 1% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Dob Gill NY 31543 approx N From near the summit of Birk Crag Composi 13533 to NE te 1 Dob Gill NY 31681 approx N A spur at about 240m Composi 13517 to NE te 2

Jun- NY32950 260 From across the Lake at Juniper NY3113- 13810 degrees Planting site (Combe Gill) 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

At least one third of the stand is very dense. The remainder varies from dense to thinly scattered. The size of the stand and its variability makes it difficult to estimate the number of individual trees.

Visit and fixed point photograph by M. Douglas on 21/03/2012 lead to a revision of the count and an addition to the grazing impact section.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Bank Crags, Thirlmere Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3114-01 Survey date: 20/08/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY3128 1459 Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 300m – 370m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 0.65 0.65ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 112 112 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper are heavily browsed. The extent, depth and height of browsing suggests that red deer are the main culprit. I was told that sheep regularly find their way into this area, and they may also contribute to the heavy browsing.

6. Other threats: Two mature sycamore are present upslope and these could regenerate well given if grazing pressure is reduced. The same could be said for nearby larch and spruce. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present X present >85% X present Comments: 6 seedlings found around NY 31296 14623

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Heavily browsed old juniper NY3114- 01A Jun- Juniper damaged by browsing and NY3114- thrashing. 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Holly, yew, larch and sycamore present. Juniper look to have been heavily browsed over many years and a reduction in red deer browsing pressure maybe required for juniper seedlings to become established.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Birkside Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3213-02 Survey date: 20/08/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 3304 1338 Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 400m – 530m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A l) GPS number and track name / label? N / A m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.39 1.39ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 440 440 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All accessible bushes very heavily browsed, with some recent browsing of juniper as well as heavy winter browsing. Extreme suppression of growth illustrates that this has been long term. Browse lines suggest sheep are the main grazing animal.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present present present Comments: Almost all old or mature with just two young bushes found.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Sheep browsed juniper. NY3213- 02A Jun- Suppressed, sheep browsed junipers. NY3213- 02B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Very heavily browsed juniper stand.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Brown How, Thirlmere Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Thirlspot Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3217-01 Survey date: 28/05/2012 Recorder name (s): R. Ansell Davies Cent. grid ref: NY3210 1720 and A. Watt Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 240m – 460m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A n) GPS number and track name / label? N / A o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 21.9 21.90ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… J.c.comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 1291 1291 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Hawthorns very stunted due to grazing. Very few young juniper.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead <1% <5% 40% 45% 5% 8% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY31961 45 NY3217- 16914 degrees 01A Jun- NY 31926 340 NY3217- 17913 degrees 01B Jun- NY 31996 90 NY3217- 17158 degrees 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Holly, ash, birch, hawthorn, rowan, larch and yew present.Saw or heard meadow pipit, willow warbler, wren, chaffinch, grey wagtail, cuckoo, raven and skylark. Also green veined white, small heath and orange tip butterflies. The total number of bushes includes a number of outliers at the northern and western edge of the stand, comprising 33 juniper.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Fisher Gill Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Stybeck Farm Nr Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3218-01 Survey date: 29/04/2012 Recorder name (s): Ruth Ansell-Davies Cent. grid ref: NY3231 1821 and Annette Watt Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 270m – 470m Aspect: 275 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes p) GPS number and track name / label? N / A q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.15 1.15ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 282 282 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing on inaccessible crags.

6. Other threats: 40% of bushes showing some rusted foliage. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present present present Comments: 40% of bushes showing some rusted foliage.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY32353 70 NY3218- 18204 degrees 01A Jun- NY32273 300 Showing deep gill habitat of this stand. NY3218- 18199 degrees 01B Jun- NY32273 50 Numerous bushes with rusted foliage. NY3218- 18199 degrees 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Holly, ash, rowan and birch present, with wood anemone present in the ground flora, which also included Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla spp, saxifrage spp. primroses, Sedum spp and butterwort. Meadow pipit and willow warbler seen. The large number of juniper with rusted foliage in this stand suggests that it may be infected with Phytophthora austrocedrae, though this has yet to be confirmed (MD – Jan 2013).

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: White Crags Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3218-02 Survey date: 12/03/2012 Recorder name (s): Ruth Ansell-Davies Cent. grid ref: NY 3250 1841 and Annette Watt Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 410m – 480m Aspect: 270 degrees. Ownership:

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A r) GPS number and track name / label? N / A s) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 9.55 9.55ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 370 Method VP Confidence M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Outcrop……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper on inaccessible crags

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present present Present Comments: Not closely accessed so accurate assessment not possible.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY3218- 02A Jun- NY3218- 02B Jun- NY3218- 02C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): UU have proposals to restore area through planting juniper in enclosures. Yew and Holly also present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Stanah Gill Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3218-03 Survey date: 12/03/2012 Recorder name (s): Ruth Ansell-davies Cent. grid ref: NY3256 1892 and Annette Watt Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 320m – 480m Aspect: 210 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: j) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A t) GPS number and track name / label? N / A u) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 2.15 2.15ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 1330 1330 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Not assessed

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present Comments: Not accessed so proportions in each age class not assessed.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY32425 60 NY3218- 18915 degrees 03A Jun- NY32480 80 NY3218- 18852 degrees 03B Jun- NY32480 40 NY3218- 18852 degrees 03C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Scattered holly, ash, rowan and birch present. Also saw kestrel, raven and buzzard. The survey was completed from the other side of the gill, so some details were not assessed. The (MAPINFO) boundary was drawn using aerial photography – hence the poor confidence rating.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Combe Crags Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Birkside Crags Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3313-01 Survey date: 20/08/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: 3346 1355 Valley / area: Thirlmere Altitude: 530m – 630m Aspect: 315 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: k) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A v) GPS number and track name / label? N / A w) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.72 1.72 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 131 131 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Almost all bushes inaccessible to livestock. Slopes around the crags are generally heavily grazed by sheep.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead

Comments: Not accessed closely

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY33349 78 Taken from large boulder to the west NY3313- 13516 degrees of the crags. 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Scattered bushes growing amongst dense DSH with tall herb ledges. Eared-willow (possible male) at NY 33416 13545. Tall herb ledges with devil’s bit scabious, wood sage, wood geranium, meadowsweet, Lathyrus linifolius, golden rod, Alchemilla alpina, mountain sorrel, roseroot and cowberry.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Stang End Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Stang End Site Code: Jun-NY3517-01 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Survey date: 2/8/11 Cent. grid ref: NY 35850 17350 Valley / area: Glenridding, Ullswater Altitude: 350 – 590m. Aspect: SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: l) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes – stand only partially mapped / counted by L. Ward x) GPS number and track name / label? N / A y) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub A Total stand Area 21ha 21ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp communis

Sub stand A Total Count 5638 5638 Method VP VP photo photo Confidence M M

4. Dominant vegetation and summary of other vegetation types within and immediately around the stand: Acid grassland acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Signs of heavy browsing on juniper in the past, and this sign of historically higher stocking densities is backed up by high density of Nardus stricta and Juncus squarrosus. In areas where this is the case the sward is now tall (> 10 – 15cm) though, and J. squarosus is being out-competed by neighbouring vegetation. Alongside the recovery of dwarf shrub heath (particularly around the NE of the stand) and the presence of hundreds of juniper seedlings, this suggests a reduction in stocking densities in recent years. Grazing pressure does seem to be greater to the SW of Rowten Beck, with shorter cropped grassland and less DSH. Many junipers here show severe browsing and bark stripping damage (not recent), but there are also many seedlings along the upper boundary of the stand. 6. Other land management affecting juniper? None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead >10% 10% >70% present present Comments: Estimated 700 seedlings around the stand after extrapolating up from the numbers seen around the boundary.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Stang NY 35550 83˚ Photo of dense, central portion End File, 17276 of stand, taken from upper 007 stand boundary at Rowten Beck, looking towards YH. Stang NY 35576 10˚ Whole stand photo from across End File, 16460 valley. 012

Stang NY 35576 26˚ Photo of dense portion of stand End File, 16460 to NE of Rowten Beck 011

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): The L. Ward survey counted only to the east of easting 36 (700 trees). This is a mature stand with many standard / associated trees including Scot’s pine, larch, ash, rowan, holly, sycamore and a stand of 15 aspen at NY 36207 17607. Birds within and around the stand included chaffinch, willow warbler, siskin and spotted flycatcher. Kestrel and buzzard were seen around the stand. Small heath and dark green frittilary butterflies were present. Difference in grazing pressure around the stand and although juniper seedlings are coming through everywhere, some have been lightly browsed. Fifteen young and seedling juniper on raised rocky ground adjacent to Glenridding Beck had all being browsed, indicating that although sheep stocking density is allowing juniper regeneration at present, numbers may be at a maximum level for continued restoration of the stand.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blea Cove Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Blea Cove and Glenridding Moorside Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3616-01 Survey date: 22 and 31/08/2011. Re- visited 22/05/2013 – M.D. and O.F. Recorder name (s): J. and K. Oglesby, Cent. grid ref: NY367 166 H. Simpson Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 280 – 680m Aspect: various Ownership:

2. Stand area: m) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes z) GPS number and track name / label? N / A aa) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 37.31ha Confidence 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm…

Sub stand A B Total Count 830 4765 5595 Method VP VP VP Confidence M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? 22/05/2013: Minority of junipers were lightly browsed, although there was one case of recent bark stripping by sheep. Some Juncus squarrosus was lightly to moderately browsed and there was some Nardus fragments scattered around on much of the grassland. Nevertheless, J. squarrosus rosettes were being encroached upon slightly by surrounding vegetation, suggesting a decline in grazing impacts in recent years.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 10% 20% 10% 60% present present Comments: Age classes re-assessed 22/05/2013. See comments.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY36640 180 Overview of Moorside sub-stand NY3616- 17527 degrees 01A

Jun- NY36840 300 Overview of Blea Cove NY3616- 16500 degrees 01B

Jun- 38010 250 Overview from across the valley NY3616- 16950 degrees 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Sub-stand A refers to L. Wards’ Glenridding Moorside Site and sub-stand B to the Birkhouse Moor site.

22/05/2013, M. Douglas and O. Fulton: Few standard trees amongst juniper with very scattered rowan, birch, larch and willow spp. Found signs of moderate winter grazing but this doesn’t seem to be affecting juniper regeneration as we estimated more than 1000 young bushes and more than 500 seedlings were present. A 70m transect heading straight up a slight depression of thin soil and scree, to NY 3650216790, revealed 57 young trees and 25 seedlings. This concentration of young bushes was exceeded further upslope and this situation continued around to the east, with young and mature juniper dominating beneath Nab Crags and The Nab. Two outlying seedlings (one year old) were found at NY 36445 16184.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dove Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Dove Crag Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3710-01 Survey date: 27/04/2011 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: 37670 11000 Valley / area: Dovedale Altitude: 480m – 680m Aspect: 80 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: n) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes bb) GPS number and track name / label? N / A cc) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 5.84 5.84 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 130 130 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing amongst well grown heather and steep slopes + high altitude perhaps limiting grazing pressure.

6. Other threats: None

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead ? present present present present Present Comments: Difficult to access so not closely inspected.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Occasional rowan. Singing meadow pipit and wheatear + nesting raven.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Black Crag Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3711-01 Survey date: 27/04/2011 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY37830 511520 Valley / area: Dovedale Altitude: 480m – 580m Aspect: 100 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: o) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes dd) GPS number and track name / label? N A ee) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 3.21 3.21ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 502 502 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation Dry heath………………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most junipers on inaccessible crags

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present present Comments: Impossible to access and assess in detail

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Whole stand from Hartsop above How NY3711- 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Wet flushes at base of crags with Lathyrus linifolius, Thalictrum minus, wood cranesbill, devil’s bit scabious, roseroot and wood anemone. Pair of ring ouzel alarming at NY 378 114.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Deepdale North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Latterhaw Crag Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3813-01 Survey date: 08/11/2011 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: NY38820 13290 Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 270 – 350m Aspect: 110 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: p) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes ff) GPS number and track name / label?

gg) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.25 1.25ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A Total Count 254 254 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat: Acid grass / bracken…….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Occasional juniper browsing. Heavy browsing on adjacent holly.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 4% 3% 45% 45% present present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number NY395 134 170 Overview of stand Jun- degrees NY3813- 01A Jun- NY38943 80 East end of stand NY3813- 13398 degrees 01B

Jun- NY3813- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Hawthorn, birch, rowan and holly present. Recorded stonechat, kestrel, raven and mistle thrush.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: q) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes hh) GPS number and track name / label?

ii) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.25 1.25ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A Total Count 254 254 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat: Acid grass / bracken…….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Occasional juniper browsing. Heavy browsing on adjacent holly.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 4% 3% 45% 45% present present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Jun- NY3813- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Hawthorn, birch, rowan and holly present. Recorded stonechat, kestrel, raven and mistle thrush.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Crag, Glenamara Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Code: Jun-NY3814-01 Survey date: 16/10/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY38550 14870 Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 380 – 550m Aspect: 85 degrees Ownership: ?

2. Stand area: r) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A jj) GPS number and track name / label?

kk) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 7.81 7.81 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 216 216 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Few juniper accessed but those that were had been browsed, one recently. 1 seedling was found but this had been browsed back hard. Alchemilla alpina and Deschampsia cespitosa were grazed.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X Present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY 38923 250 Whole stand. NY3814- 14839 degrees 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Lots of birch and rowan on crags, with some holly, hazel, willow (goat and grey), ash and occasional oak. Small aspen clone present with 6 stems at NY 38673 14805.

Restoration: Could use two fence lines between existing wall downslope and steep crags above, to enclose an area below the crags for natural regeneration of juniper and other trees, as well as tall herb and heath vegetation. One upslope from NY 3869 1479 and another up from NY 3873 1462. This would enclose around 1.6 ha of fell, acting as a demonstration site on the effects of sheep grazing.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Harrison Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Elmhow Crag Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3815-01 Survey date: 31/05/2013 Recorder name (s): Janet Ashton Cent. grid ref: NY3805 1508 Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 330m – 470m Aspect: 305 degrees Ownership: ?

2. Stand area: s) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes ll) GPS number and track name / label? N / A mm) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 7.20 7.20ha Confidence 2 2

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 227 227 Method VP VP Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Heavily browsed hawthorn, fresh sheep droppings.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead >10% 80% >5% X present Comments: Not all accessed closely. Young plants and seedlings would have been easy to miss.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY38178 0 Looking over Ullswater NY3815- 15181 degrees 01A Jun- NY38178 115 Looking up the crag. NY3815- 15181 degrees 01B Jun- NY38178 Seedling or young tree in sward. NY3815- 15181 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Stated count could be a large underestimate given the difficulties of assessing this stand. Bird cherry, rowan, holly, larch, ash, birch and hawthorn were present. Browsing appears to be light, being difficult to find on the juniper which were accessed.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Woodside, Dovedale Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3912-01 Survey date: 30/11/2011 Recorder name (s): MD Cent. grid ref: NY 39570 12350 Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 350 – 430 m Aspect:120 Ownership:

2. Stand area: t) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N A nn) GPS number and track name / label?

oo) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 2.25 2.25 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 248 248 Method Exact Exact Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper very heavily browsed, bark stripped and damaged by red deer. Where present amongst grasses, Calluna and Vaccinium myrtillus moderately to heavily browsed with some intact long shoots and flowering in Calluna at present but cushion growth form suggesting winter browsing is a problem. Grasses dominated by Nardus stricta at southern end.

6. Other threats: Taller trees present up to 420 m altitude (inc sycamore) but these unlikely to be a problem due to heavy impacts from red deer.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead none present present >95% present >5% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Deer proof wall and wall-top fence unlikely to be effective due to open access for deer at the SW end of the site. Although it would be expensive to rectify this, the outlay would protect a relatively large area from red deer and make juniper planting possible over more than 20 ha of fell side. Planted juniper would complement the existing woodland on the slope and would help link juniper stands in Dovedale and Deepdale. Two red deer were recorded and a number of Swaledale sheep grazed the fell side and woodland.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Deepdale South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Cockley How Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3912-02 Survey date: 18/11/2011 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: NY39410 12830 R. Ansell-Davies, A. Watt Valley / area: Ulswater Altitude: 330 – 450m Aspect: 315 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: u) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes pp) GPS number and track name / label?

qq) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 6.54 6.54ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A Total Count 2470 2470 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …Acid grassland………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Some browsing and flaying by red deer. This years growth untouched at present.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 33% 33% 33% present present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Top half of stand NY3912- 02A Jun- Overview of valley NY3912- 02B Jun- Deer damage NY3912- 02C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Rowan, ash, holly and hawthorn present. Sheep have been off-wintered for 3-4 years. Occasional visits by red deer.

Restoration: This stand appears to be healthy at present, and continued off-wintering of sheep should result in successful juniper regeneration. Red deer populations should be monitored though, as reductions in sheep numbers may result in red deer using the area more, with associated increases in browsing and bark stripping of juniper.

Photos: T:\Images\Projects\Wider Countryside\Juniper project\Ullswater juniper\Deepdale South. 012, 016, 017

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Arnison Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Norman Bank Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3914-02 Survey date: 24/10/2011 Recorder name (s): R. Ansell-Davies, A. Cent. grid ref: NY39520 14920 Watt Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 250 – 420m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: v) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes rr) GPS number and track name / label?

ss) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 4.95 4.95ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A B Total Count 2500 20 2520 Method VP VP VP Confidence M H M

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …Bracken……….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper not browsed and many seedlings present. DSH short cropped though.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 10% 20% 40% 30% present Present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- From 320 Stand overview NY3914- Deepdale degrees 02A Bridge

Jun- NY3914- 02B

Jun- NY3914- 02C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Outlier to the west (sub site B) with 20 trees. Raven, kestrel stonechat and pied wagtail present. Healthy stand with many j. seedlings, holly, hawthorn, yew, birch and ash.

Restoration: This is a healthy juniper stand with a good mixture of age classes, many seedlings, a good mixture and number of standard trees, and no signs of browsing at present. Sheep stocking densities / grazing regimes seem to be allowing regeneration, and the main threat to the stand may now be roaming red deer. These should be monitored and actively managed if they start to affect the juniper stand.

Photos: T:\Images\Projects\Wider Countryside\Juniper project\Ullswater juniper\Arnison Crag. 003 and 062

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Birk Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Place Fell Low, Birk, Silver, Bleawick and South Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3918-01 Survey date: 14/10/11 and 2/12/11 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas, Dave Cent. grid ref: NY39890 18240 Greaves Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 150 – 480m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: w) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes tt) GPS number and track name / label?

uu) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 113.9 113.9 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand Total Count Method Confidence

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …Birch Wooodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? North East Boundary: All DSH browsed back hard, and all accessible juniper browsed back into woody material – some j. bark-stripped and thrashed by red deer. Seedlings present though and high numbers of young trees illustrating good regen 20 – 40 years ago. All of this regen now heavily browsed and suppressed. South End: Less browsing of established trees but also far fewer seedlings and young. Signs suggest that sheep are dominant grazer at this end of the site. Birch Woodland: Healthy juniper with few signs of browsing or other damage.

6. Other threats: Some juniper have grown leggy in competition for light with taller birch. Little shading out as yet but with continued natural regen of birch, which is good at present, this will become a problem in the future. Presence of large sycamore seed trees could also create problems for juniper.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present present present Comments: Many hundreds of young trees present and seedlings numerous at north end of site and around Silver Crag. Hundreds of diseased /dying trees in some locations. Reported to FERA May 2012.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- n/a n/a Browsed and thrashed juniper showing NY3918- substantial die back. 01A

Jun- n/a n/a Photo taken from Silver Crag showing NY3918- slopes of Birk Fell. 01B

Jun- NY38746 114 Taken from outlet of Glencoyne Beck NY3918- 18811 degrees looking across Ullswater. Overview of 01C site.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Huge site with mostly healthy, dense juniper associated with a variety of habitats. To the north and west juniper provides an understorey to birch woodland, with few signs of shading out of juniper at present. The high altitude boundary to the east has juniper growing among dry heath with some areas of Agrostis / Festuca grassland and some lime rich flushes. To the south and west ground flora is predominantly acid grassland with some areas dominated by Nardus stricta. Impacts in this area are mostly from sheep but it appears that off-wintering is allowing natural regen in some areas such as Silver Crag. Impacts to the north and east are predominantly from red deer. Substantial regeneration here 20 – 40 years ago is now being heavily browsed and suppressed. Thousands of trees are affected, with some older trees bark-stripped and mature and young trees frayed / thrashed. Seedlings still present though and juniper seemingly targeted when it has grown above the surrounding vegetation. Juniper targeted before the winter period and seemingly in preference to Ericoids in some areas. During the October visit, witnessed siskins and redpoll, tit flocks with long-tailed tit, blue tit, great tit and coal tit, and redwing and fieldfare overhead. Recorded 10 red deer during the October survey and 14 during the December survey. Associated trees – birch, rowan, ash, oak, holly, hawthorn, yew, willow, sycamore (large old tree at NY39879 18431) and aspen (clone of 40 stems at NY39625 18204).

May 2012: Areas of die off amongst trees showing Phytophthora austrocedrae symptoms – around NY39690 18280 and NY 39880 17650.

Bird survey - Spring 2012 A complete point count survey was planned but then aborted this spring after 1 visit to each point, due to poor weather. During the three visits that were made the following list of breeding species (probable or possible) was made:

Wren Robin Chaffinch Song thrush Meadow pipit Coal tit Goldcrest Blackbird Ring ouzel Willow warbler Lesser redpoll Siskin Dunnock Linnet

Birds that were present in the birch woodland at the bottom of the slope, but not necessarily associated with juniper, were spotted flycatcher, pied flycatcher and garden warbler.

NY32

Sites List: Jun-NY3222-01 Wanthwaite Crags Jun-NY3721-01 Dowthwaite Head

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dowthwaite Head Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-NY3721-01 Survey date: 18/10/2013 Recorder name (s): A. Watt and R. Cent. grid ref: NY3704 2106 Ansell-Davies Valley / area: Matterdale Altitude: 430m – 520m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 2.51ha Confidence 4 4 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 500 80 10 20 610 Method VP VP VP VP VP Confidence M M M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsing on heathers and juniper extensive and easy to find at time of survey. Growth forms of heathers suggest long term high impacts.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present 40% 45% present X Comments: Seedlings beneath female bush all previously browsed.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Rowan, gorse and hawthorn present and Alpine lady’s mantle abundant. Lots of waxcaps including Hygrocybe cinerea. Ravens present.

NY33

Sites List: Jun-NY3332-01 Carrock Fell Jun-NY3332-02 Caldew Exclosure

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Carrock Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Carrock B, D and E Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3332-01 Survey date: 04/11/2011 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, D. Cent. grid ref: NY33580 32780 Greaves Valley / area: Caldbeck Commons Altitude: 200 – 500m Aspect: 180 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label?

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 60.7 60.7ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 7558 7558 Method VP VP photo photo Confidence L L

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Difficult to find signs of juniper browsing. Some areas dominated by Nardus stricta and others by Juncus squarrosus. Heavy browsing of Calluna but not Erica cinereae.

6. Other threats: Two cotoneaster (upright growth form) at eastern end of stand 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present None seen present Comments: >80% of trees old. The remainder mostly young and seedling rather than mature trees.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY33057 15 Western end of stand NY3332- 32353 degrees 01A Jun- NY33057 58 Eastern end of stand NY3332- 32311 degrees 01B Jun- NY33979 270 Oblique photo of slope showing high NY3332- 32894 degrees altitude boundary 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Associated trees: holly, hawthorn, rowan, Scot’s pine, birch gorse. Juniper grades into dry heath at high altitude boundary, gorse at SE end and acid grass and bracken elsewhere.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Caldew Exclosure Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Carrock D (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY3332-02 Survey date: 22/11/2011 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY33040 32440 Valley / area: Caldbeck Commons Altitude: 280 – 400m Aspect: 359 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes (drawn boundary does not follow fenceline) d) GPS number and track name / label?

e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 8.5 8.5ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 1024 1024 Method VP VP photo photo Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …acid grassland……….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No signs of browsing on juniper but sheep are gaining access to exclosure and possible red deer pellets were found.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present None seen Present Comments: 20% young (planted?), 30% mature and 50% old.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY32990 169 Whole stand photo taken from across NY3332- 32929 degrees valley. 02A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Appears to be at least 200 planted juniper which are now young trees. Most of these have been planted above the older trees, within the exclosure.

NY40

Sites List: ExJ-NY4300-01 Borrans Reservoir East Jun-NY4010-01 Caudale Moor Jun-NY4200-01 Borrans Reservoir Jun-NY4200-02 Moorhowe South Jun-NY4201-01 Dubbs Road Jun-NY4201-02 Moorhowe North Jun-NY4501-01 Millrig Knott Jun-NY4505-01 Scale Knotts Jun-NY4701-01 Juniper Scar Jun-NY4803-01 Wellfoot Wood, Longsleddale Jun-NY4920-01 Kilnstones

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Borran’s Reservoir Equiv. L. Ward site (s): High Borrans SW Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4200-01 Survey date: 01/03/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, J. Cent. grid ref: NY 428 008 Ashton Valley / area: High Borrans Altitude: 200m Aspect: None Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? N/A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A B C Total Count 96 115 113 324 Method WT WT WT WT Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Wet heath / mire……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Within the fenced exclosure (used for pheasant shooting?) there is no livestock grazing and seemingly little pressure from deer. Immediately outside of this fencing, sheep grazing has created browse lines on many of the juniper, and sheep or deer have severely pruned some low growing juniper. The juniper over the boundary wall to the south are healthier, with little evidence of browsing, but there is still no regeneration, and the abundance of Nardus suggests that the area is still heavily grazed.

6. Other threats: The old junipers within the exclosure are in the process of being shaded out by taller trees including Scot’s pine, larch, oak, birch, rowan and ash. There are also 1 each of yew and beech present. Seedlings are unlikely to complete with the ground flora, which is dominated by bracken and bramble.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Present > 90% Present > 5% Comments: Four trees to the south of the boundary wall are showing signs of illness / infection, with browned foliage on one or more boughs.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Sub-stand A is within the exclosure and has 96 juniper, sub-stand B immediately outside the exclosure with 115 trees, and sub-stand C to the south of the boundary wall, with 113 trees. This fragmented stand is unlikely to survive in the long term, due to continuously high browsing pressure from sheep and deer outside of the exclosure, and due to shading and competition with other species inside the exclosure. Red deer droppings were seen to the south of the boundary wall, and a woodcock was disturbed from some juniper in the same area.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Moorhowe South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): - Site Ref. code: NY4200-02 Survey date: 12.05.2012 Recorder name (s): Janet Ashton Cent. grid ref: NY422008 Valley / area: Troutbeck Altitude: 200 – 210m Aspect: Varied Ownership: N.T. leased by Simon Ward

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes. None given

d) GPS number and track name / label? Moorhowe

e) Area of sub stands and total area? 0.4ha

Sub stand A Total Area 0.4ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… Communis

Sub stand A Total Count 86 Method Count Confidence High

4. Dominant Vegetation ……Wet grassland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

Close cropped. Droppings, some Juniper close cropped. Small number of sheep present. Cattle due in around 20/05/2012 6. Other threats: Dead and sick trees confirmed with Phytophthora austrocedrae in 2012.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 86% 1% 9% Comments: A few trees show signs of animal damage at base. A few are close- cropped, but most are quite healthy.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes Very few.

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label / Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point Number Ref. bearing cation Moorhowe 2 42078 N None Within stand Damaged & 00804 0deg dying trees Moorhowe 2 42192 N None Dry part of stand in field healthy 00919 0deg trees

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

This field is grazed pasture but not too heavily grazed. It is in better condition than the adjacent field previously surveyed. The healthiest Juniper are along the N boundary- wall and most are within a hollow in the field. There is a mix of dry acid grassland & rocky outcrops, with wet areas with rushes draining to a small stream.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dubbs Road Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4201-01 Survey date: 01/03/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, J, Cent. grid ref: NY422 011 Ashton Valley / area: Troutbeck, Windermere Altitude: 220 m Aspect: 80 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 0.32 0.32 ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm……

Sub stand A Total Count 81 81 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No signs of grazing or browsing within the exclosure but outside of this 17 juniper survive within rough pasture.

6. Other threats:Shading by tall trees including willow, ash, holly and rowan will be a problem in the future, and ground flora of bracken, bramble and even heather is overwhelming prostrate juniper at present. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present Comments: All trees are old.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

This may be a remnant of a more extensive stand, as there are a number of outlying juniper over the ridge towards Moorhowe Road. The exclosure may have saved some of the juniper in the short term, but continued exclusion of livestock will result in the disappearance of this stand in the long term, due to strong competition from the ground flora and from tall trees.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Moorhowe North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): - Site Ref. code: NY4201-02 Survey date: 28.04.2012 Recorder name (s): Janet Ashton Cent. grid ref: NY420010 Valley / area: Troutbeck Altitude: 200 – 230m Aspect: S.W Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes. None give.

h) GPS number and track name / label? No track made

i) Area of sub stands and total area? Trees scattered throughout

Sub stand A Total Area Whole field Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… …………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 44 Method Count Confidence High

4. Dominant Vegetation : Wet grassland Other habitats / vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff Woodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Low sward, poaching of wet ground. Juniper, Hawthorn & Holly broken and damaged up to height of 1 to 1.5 metres. Cattle droppings (Highland cattle graze here). Small number of sheep on day of survey. 6. Other threats: Dead and sick trees confirmed with Phytophthora austrocedrae in 2012.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 100% 4% 20% Comments: Most trees have bare trunks, broken lower branches, foliage only at top.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / Very few

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Dying 41909 NNW No Wet gully in field. Trees look ill. tree 00932 330deg zoom used Typical 41940 NNE No Dry area. Cattle damage. view 01045 20deg zoom used Field 42192 NW No From field boundary wall, showing view 00919 300deg zoom scatter of trees used

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

This field is heavily grazed pasture. Wet hollows with Rushes & Sedges, acid grassland with a lot of bracken and drier rocky outcrops. The SW facing 2/3 has scattered trees, Juniper, Hawthorn Holly and Elder. All show signs of cattle and sheep damage. The lower branches are broken and dead & there is bare soil at the base of many trees. The NE-facing third has no Juniper & few other trees. A small portion in the NE corner is fenced off and has already been surveyed separately. I was told by the leaseholder that this was done by N.T. to allow regeneration of Heather.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Millrigg Knott Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Millrigg Knott Nth and Sth Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4501-01 Survey date: July 2012 Recorder name (s): Tania Crockett and Cent. grid ref: NY 4588 0109 John Farmer

Valley / area: Kentmere Altitude: 130m to 250m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 Total Area 8.37 8.37 Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand 1 2 Total Count 160 8 168 Method Wt VP Wt Confidence H M H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other …Roe deer……..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No DSH. Some areas with tormentil / bedstraw.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X 15% 75% 5% 5% Comments: Many of the old trees were dying back. Lots of dead wood. Few berry bearing bushes.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Living, dead and dying junipers were evenly spread across the area. Scattering of other tree species: Ash, rowan, holly, sycamore (all old / mature). Occasional wet flushes with cotton grass, sundew and bog asphodel. Also ladies bedstraw, climbing corydalis, barren strawberry and small heath butterfly. Lena Ward estimated that there were 300 junipers here in 1972, making this one of the few sites in the Lake District with a substantial, observable decline between the two surveys (most recent surveys find more junipers due to different counting techniques).

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Scale Knotts Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Scale Knotts Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4505-01 Survey date: 20/06/2012 Recorder name (s): J. Farmer and T. Cent. grid ref: NY45687 05536 Crockett

Valley / area: Kentmere Altitude: 270m – 300m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label? N / A m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.61 1.61 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 472 472 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Some, but difficult time of year to assess.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 1% 5% 50% 40% 1% 1% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY45672 South From rocky outcrop NY4505- 05587 01A Jun- NY45672 West From rocky outcrop NY4505- 05587 01B Jun- NY45672 Northwes From rocky outcrop NY4505- 05587 t 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Few rowan and holly present but all old and in poor condition. Lots of small brown butterflies around (small heath??) and siskin present.

Restoration: The age structure of this stand suggests that regeneration has been a problem here for at least thirty years, and the surrounding vegetation type suggests that this is likely to be a result of grazing pressure. Continued grazing is essential for the survival of juniper at this site, with trampling creating regeneration niches for seeds, and summer grazing restricting the growth of competitors. Winter grazing is likely to be a limiting factor for juniper regeneration though, with seedlings being browsed or uprooted when other foodstuff has been fully exploited or has lost its’ nutritional value. The ideal grazing regime to allow natural regeneration and successful establishment of juniper is complete off wintering of livestock, with sheep not reintroduced to the site until April at the earliest. If this is not possible, partial off-wintering may work, but this will depend on the nature of the grazing area and the movements of the stock. Shepherding and careful placement of (or avoidance of) feed blocks, may help reduce grazing pressure around juniper in this scenario.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Longsleddale Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Longsleddale Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4803-01 Survey date: 11/08/11 Recorder name (s): Mike Douglas, John Cent. grid ref: NY 489 037 Farmer Valley / area: Longsleddale Altitude: 280m – 300m Aspect: Easterly Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes n) GPS number and track name / label? N/A o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.5 1.5 ha ha

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp communis

Sub stand A Total Count 285 285 Method W.T. W.T. Confidence H H

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Was a grazing impact assessment carried out? Yes / no

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? There is some indication of reduced sheep grazing as previously browsed juniper now has good long-shoot growth and 4 young trees are surviving well with no signs of recent browsing. The grass sward is currently quite long (> 15cm), reinforcing other signs of reduced sheep grazing recently. As yet there are still no juniper seedlings though, and an assessment after a winter of grazing / browsing would be useful to judge sheep impacts on juniper.

6. Other land management affecting juniper? The juniper stand lies within the same top-fenced wall as the adjacent plantation, and will therefore receive less frequent browsing by red deer than would otherwise be the case. Shading may be a problem lower on the slope as a variety of species 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead none present present >90% none Present Comments: 4 young trees seen.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Longsle NY 48854 149˚ Overview of stand looking down valley ddale 03843 file, August 2011, 036

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

A number of tree species grow amongst the juniper adjacent to the plantation, including birch, hawthorn and rowan. Bird species recorded included blackcap, siskin, redpoll and tree pipit. Red deer are present in the wider area (1 stag, 2 hinds and a calf were spotted), but access to the juniper is unlikely to be frequent due to the wall and wall top fencing around the plantation, which is currently maintained.

Restoration: Grazing within the juniper stand looks to be at high enough levels to prevent seedlings coming through, so restoration work will require either further reduction in sheep numbers, off-wintering of sheep, or protection of planted trees using either fencing or tree protectors. Problems associated with fencing include increased competition by other plant species with any planted juniper, a reduced grazing area, and if the exclosure is left in place over a long time period, there is likely to be issues with taller tree species colonising the area and shading out the juniper. Tree protectors will get around these problems, although some weeding within the protectors will be necessary in the first couple of years after planting. Individual protectors will also allow more freedom in any planting plan, resulting in a plan that is more likely to fit in with the landscape. Weld mesh protectors of 1 meter diameter give good protection while allowing the growing tree to bush out and adapt to the wind. These may become inhibitively expensive when planting more than 50 trees, but are otherwise competitive with each tree, protector and associated stakes coming in at around £10.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Kilnstones Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY4920-01 Survey date: 26/10/2011 Recorder name (s): John Farmer Cent. grid ref: SD498 200 Valley / area: Longsleddale Altitude: 300 – 320m. Aspect: NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A p) GPS number and track name / label? N / A q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 Total Area 20 20 Confidence 1 1

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 179 179 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Dry heath……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? This year’s growth untouched but grazing impacts higher in the past.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 0 5 70 25 present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Tracks made the stand relatively accessible. Most of the juniper were widely spread amongst the heather, above the SSSI woodland. The landowner is required to plant 70 more juniper as part of his HLS. There were a large number and variety of ferns around the area, some grassland and wet heath / mire bu the dominant species was heather. Virtually no birds were seen after leaving the woodland below, but noticed a wide variety of insects.

NY41

Sites List: Jun-NY3918-01 Birk Fell (Ullswater) Jun-NY4010-01 Caudale Moor Jun-NY4014-01 Dubhow Crag Jun-NY4812-01 Mardale Banks

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label?

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 113.9 113.9 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand Total Count Method Confidence

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat …Birch Wooodland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- n/a n/a Browsed and thrashed juniper showing NY3918- substantial die back. 01A

Jun- n/a n/a Photo taken from Silver Crag showing NY3918- slopes of Birk Fell. 01B

Jun- NY38746 114 Taken from outlet of Glencoyne Beck NY3918- 18811 degrees looking across Ullswater. Overview of 01C site.

May 2012: Areas of die off amongst trees showing Phytophthora austrocedrae symptoms – around NY39690 18280 and NY 39880 17650.

Wren Robin Chaffinch Song thrush Meadow pipit Coal tit Goldcrest Blackbird Ring ouzel Willow warbler Lesser redpoll Siskin Dunnock Linnet

Birds that were present in the birch woodland at the bottom of the slope, but not necessarily associated with juniper, were spotted flycatcher, pied flycatcher and garden warbler.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dubhow Crag Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Angle Tarn South Site Ref. code: Jun-NY4014-01 Survey date: 11/09/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY4070 1473 Valley / area: Ullswater Altitude: 250m – 380m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 4.19 4.19ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 1724 1724 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All juniper winter browsed, some heavily. Height, extent and depth of browsing suggests red deer are the main browsers. Numerous young bushes are all suppressed due to browsing. 19 red deer disturbed from juniper during survey.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 10% present 70% X present Comments: 4 seedlings found, along with more than 100 young juniper around the boundary of the stand.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- NY4014- 01A Jun- NY4014- 01B Jun- NY4014- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Conditions at this stand are obviously very good for natural regeneration, but unfortunately, the chances of establishment under current grazing conditions are unlikely. Although abundant wool and sheep droppings at the time of the survey illustrate that sheep are present, the main browsers are red deer. All accessible juniper are browsed and seedlings and young bushes are suppressed.

19 red deer were disturbed from the juniper during the survey, a group which included 2 stags and 3 calves.

Ash, oak, holly, hawthorn and birch are present, along with a few rowan, larch and sycamore. One small cotoneaster (heavily browsed) was present at NY 40582 14913. One small patch of mountain everlasting had successfully flowered in a rock crack at NY 40746 14854.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Mardale Banks Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Mardale Banks Site Ref. code: Jun-NY4812-01 Survey date: 14/10/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 4816 1277 Valley / area: Haweswater Altitude: 280m – 430m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 21.94 21.94 ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 3450 3450 Method Aerial Aerial photo photo Confidence L L

4. Dominant Habitat / Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All accessible bushes showing some signs of winter browsing. One mature bush with red deer thrashing damage.

6. Other threats: Phytophthora austrocedrae may have been around for more than a decade at this stand and has affected hundreds of bushes.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present present Present Comments: Dominated by old trees.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Showing a southern portion of the NY4812- stand, taken April 2011 01A Jun- Showing thrashing damage to mature NY4812- juniper, Oct 2013. 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Only a small part of this stand was surveyed (NW section) on the stated date and the rest of the boundary, and the population estimate was completed with the aid of aerial photography. The stand appears to be dominated by old trees and continues to experience browsing by both sheep and red deer, which is probably preventing or limiting regeneration at present. Sheep stocking rates are set to decrease under RSPB management though, and the tens of planted juniper seen around NY4820 1307 appear to be doing well, so conditions could change at the site in coming years. It is not known how quickly P. austrocedrae is spreading to new bushes at the moment but the rate of spread has declined markedly since the large die off around 10 years ago (D. Shackleton, RSPB).

NY51

Sites List: Jun-NY5011-01 Nab's Moor, Swindale

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Nabs Moor Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Nabs Moor Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY5011-01 Survey date: 15-08-2011 Recorder name (s): RAD AW Cent. grid ref: NY5085 1152

Valley / area: Swindale Altitude: 300 – 400m Aspect: SW / NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

b) GPS number and track name / label? CWT8

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Area 1.94ha 1.94Ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Count 42 9 3 55 Method Count Vantage Vantage Confidence High High High

4. Dominant Vegetation ………………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Rabbits and roe deer Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No grazing impact assessment carried out. Occaisional browsing – sheep & deer seen higher up. 6. Other threats: Ten small, old bushes (no berries, all growing on rock) only, growing on N facing slope, S of river. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead x x 20% 70% x 10% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label / Grid Comp. Description of fixed point Number Ref. bearing Jun-NY5011-01A Area behind top wall looking towards beck. Jun-NY5011-01A Area behind top wall looking towards beck.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Northwest side of beck where L. Ward recorded juniper covered in thick bracken and gorse. Abundant birch, rowan and hawthorn may be shading juniper in gully.

NY61

Sites List: Jun-NY6011-01 Crosby Ravensworth

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Crosby Ravensworth Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Crosby Ravensworth Site Ref. Code: Jun-NY6011-01 Survey date: 11/10/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: NY 60689 11297 Valley / area: Orton Fells Altitude: 310m. Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label?

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 4 4 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Rabbits………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Some juniper shoots browsed down to woody material by sheep in past winters. Neighbouring heather showing signs of light to moderate winter browsing (grazing pressure seems to be higher around the junipers than elsewhere on the fell). Large rabbit warren close by with patches of very short cropped vegetation around entrance holes. 6. Other threats: The Fell is managed for grouse shooting and has numerous burnt patches at present (though plenty of old heather too!). The existing juniper may have escaped this hazard due to its position amongst streams and wet flushes.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present Comments: All stems old – probably much more than 100 years. One of the southern clump of junipers is female and has sparse berries, the seeds of which appear to be viable.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Looking East to junipers NY6011- 01A Jun- Northern individual NY6011- 01B Jun- Overview of both juniper clumps, NY6011- southern clump in the foreground. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): The northern ‘clump’ consists of a single individual, while the southern clump has three, well-separated stems beneath the canopy. Although berries were found with viable seeds, regeneration seems unlikely in the face of ever-present rabbits and sheep. Berries weren’t numerous and the reproductive capacity of this population is unlikely to improve as the bushes continue to age.

NY70

Sites List: Jun-NY7803-01 Foss Gill, Southwaite Jun-NY7803-02 Owl Gill, Southwaite

SD18

Sites List: Jun-SD1889-01 Smallthwaite, Thwaites Fell Jun-SD1889-02 Thwaites Fell

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Smallthwaite, Thwaites Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD1889-01 Survey date: 22/10/2011 & 10/11/2011 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: SD1884 8913 D Benham & B King Valley / area: West side of Duddon valley Altitude: 150 – 200m Aspect: to NE Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? A little

b) GPS number and track name / label? Juniper track S ofSmallthwaite

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A&B C Total (outlier) Area 6.1 0.8 6.9 Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 430 340 38 808 Method Exact Exact Exact count count count Confidence High High High

4. Dominant Vegetation ………………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree BVG Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

No grazing impact assessment carried out.

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

Very little tree seedling regeneration around Junipers but much regeneration on northern side of boundary wall. 6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 2% 10% 45% 40% 3% Comments: Many ancient collapsed junipers & tall bracken

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number SD18709 45deg View Coniston Old Man centre, from S1 89133 rock outcrop looking to Smallthwaite well (wall?) S2 SD18709 80deg View Coniston Old Man to left, from 89133 rock outcrop looking to Woodheads well. S3 SD18709 Close Juniper bush with sheep hole. 89133

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

A large Scots Pine marks the eastern boundary of the tracked area. An Ash tree grows in the stream passing down the centre of the site. The only other trees in the tracked area, apart from Junipers, are small Rowans & Holly. Small Junipers grow on the upper reaches of the main and minor stream but not in a lower flat mire (probably due to grazing pressure) east of the main stream. There is much tall Bracken which is choking some old Junipers and preventing regeneration. Most larger Junipers grow along rocky outcrops on the NE slope bounded, at the bottom, by a stone wall and mixed woods. A number of sheep were grazing the 6.9 Ha tracked area (owned by Mrs J King & Mr Clark who have commoners grazing rights. Mrs King also has some Galloway cattle on these fells). There is a small outlier of Junipers (sub-stand 2) on a rocky outcrop to the east of the main tracked area with some old Junipers shaded out by trees. Birds seen :- 2 Snipe, 2 Woodcock, flock of crossbills flying over. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Thwaites Fell Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Thwaites Fell Site Ref. code: Jun-SD1889-02 Survey date: 13/10/2011 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD 18050 90080 Valley / area: Duddon Valley Altitude: 120m – 230m Aspect: 60 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 62.32ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 346 343 1807 2496 Method VP photo Confidence M M L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Patchy grazing. High impact in the SE where some juniper have been browsed and bark stripped, alongside browsed Erica tetralix. Elsewhere juniper seedlings are unbrowsed.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 8% 36% 22% 21% 11% present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- - - Seed collecting work party and survey SD1889- Oct 2011. 02A Jun- SD18854 230 Overview of central area of stand, SD1889- 90423 degrees taken from Penn Hill 02B Jun- SD18854 210 Overview of southern area of stand, SD1889- 90423 degrees taken from Penn. 02C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Sub site A southern most subsite, B eastern most and C main stand. Juniper at low density across the area, mixed in with very scattered willow spp, holly, rowan and sycamore. Redwing and Fieldfare flocks appeared to be feeding on fallen juniper berries. This is a very wet site with abundant Sphagnum spp, Tricophorum germanicum, heavily browsed Calluna vulgaris and patchily browsed Erica tetralix, with some cranberry and bog rosemary. Proportions within different age classes were derived from a sample of 198 juniper observed on a ‘W-walk’ across the site.

Restoration: This is an unusual site in that regeneration is occurring despite browsing and bark stripping of juniper taking place elsewhere in the stand. On the face of it, enough regeneration is taking place to sustain the population in the long term. Most seedlings and young bushes are in wetter areas though, where ultimate growth and reproductive output is likely to be suppressed due to sub-optimal conditions. The stand has also been confirmed as a Phytophthora austrocedrae infected site, with at least tens of trees suffering from this pathogen. Recent research has revealed that bushes growing in wet ground are more susceptible to this disease. A reduction in winter sheep stocking densities will be necessary to allow regeneration to occur on drier areas, and such a seasonal reduction would also put an end to bark stripping damage on established bushes. Although complete off-wintering is a preferred option for juniper stands, partial off-wintering may allow regeneration when accompanied by shepherding, with the aim of preventing a concentration of livestock in areas identified for natural regeneration.

Potential Planting areas: Two planting areas were identified during a desk based survey, both within 3 km and upslope of the existing juniper. Planting at either of these sites would help to bolster the juniper population at the extreme SW of its range in Cumbria, and would help ensure against an acceleration in Phytophthora austrocedrae infection at the Thwaites Fell stand. 1. Plough Fell The drawn area of 10.58 ha would require a fence of 960m. length (assuming that the existing wall to the east is stock-proof). Assuming that 60% of the area is plantable, and using a planting rate of 300 juniper/ha, 1800 juniper could be planted in the proposed enclosure. 240 taller tree species could also be planted, including rowan, birch and aspen.

2. Buck Barrow The drawn area encompasses 28.43ha, and assuming that walls to the west are stock-proof, this area would require 1420m of fencing. Assuming that 40% of the area is plantable, and using the planting rate of 300 juniper/ha, 3300 juniper could be planted, along with 440 taller tree species including rowan, birch and aspen.

SD19

Sites List: Jun-SD1598-01 Garner Bank Jun-SD1698-01 Black Beck Jun-SD1889-02 Thwaites Fell Jun-SD1890-01 Penn South Jun-SD1890-02 Penn North Jun-SD1992-01 Ulpha Jun-SD1998-01 Crook Crag, Ulpha Fell

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Garner Bank Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Garner Bank Site Ref. code: Jun-SD1598-01 Survey date: 11/11/2012 Recorder name (s): D Benham and B. Cent. grid ref: SD1566 9896 King Valley / area: Eskdale Altitude: 40m – 90m Aspect: 350 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.37 1.37 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 270 270 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No dwarf shrub heath present and few young juniper. Some evidence of higher grazing pressure in the past but no great change recently.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 2 14 47 33 3 1 Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD 1587 SW Stand overview SD1598- 9905 01A Jun- SD 1575 W NY1598- 9892 01B Jun- SD 1563 E Old, browsed juniper NY1598- 9900 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Difficult to access (have to wade across 2 m beck). Established bushes healthy but grazing probably preventing further increase at present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Beck Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Black Beck Site Ref. code: Jun-SD1698-01 Survey date: 11/11/2012 Recorder name (s): D. Benham and B. Cent. grid ref: SD 1680 9866 King Valley / area: Eskdale Altitude: 150m Aspect: 350 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

d) GPS number and track name / label?

e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 0.23 0.23 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c. comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 21 21 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Bog myrtle heavily grazed. No dwarf shrub heath present and only old junipers present.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X X 71% 24% 5% Comments: Few berries

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD1685 NW Stand overview SD1698- 9867 01A Jun- SD1680 NW Dying juniper SD1698- 9864 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Juniper slowly dying off. Little for sheep to eat and lack of younger juniper age classes suggests long term over-grazing.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 62.32ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 346 343 1807 2496 Method VP photo Confidence M M L L

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 8% 36% 22% 21% 11% present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Penn South Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Survey date: 04/10/2012 Cent. grid ref: SD18798 90369 Valley / area: Duddon Valley Altitude: 190m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A h) GPS number and track name / label? N / A i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 34 34 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most junipers showing signs of past browsing down to woody material, but neighbouring DSH only lightly browsed.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 10% 30% 50% 10% X X Comments: Regeneration event 20 to 40 years ago? Three seedlings amongst heather.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Combination of browsing impacts suggests that red deer may occasionally visit the site, impacting upon the juniper on an otherwise lightly sheep-grazed site. Other trees include hawthorn, holly, rowan, birch, spruce spp, and sessile oak. There appeared to be a climatically dwarfed individual of the latter species at SD 18905 90385 (just 200m alt).

Management Recommendations: The mosaic of habitats on this site are of high wildlife value and the patchy and generally low impact stocking regime is allowing the development of some juniper scrub. The small population of juniper on Penn could be boosted by planting. This could be done without tree guards as long as low-grazing impact areas were chosen (within lightly browsed and un-browsed heather). This location is unusual in the Lake District as it is a site where a transition from woodland to scrub and then to dwarf shrub heath could be achieved given some juniper planting and on-going light grazing. The value of these habitats is all the more important due to the proximity of the large Thwaites Fell juniper stand, and the Duddon Valley Woodlands SSSI. Four-hundred juniper could be planted between the existing juniper and the summit of Penn. Although current sheep grazing regimes should allow these bushes to establish, monitoring of red deer populations and impacts in the area, followed by increases in cull rates where necessary will be important.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Penn North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD1890-02 Survey date: 04/10/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD1878 9068

Valley / area: Duddon Valley Altitude: 190 – 220m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 24 24 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most junipers showing signs of past browsing, but surrounding vegetation only lightly grazed.

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present present X X Comments: 1 young bush, 4 mature and the rest old.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Combination of browsing impacts on different vegetation suggests occasional visits by red deer, to otherwise lightly sheep-grazed area. Spruce species are spreading into this area from neighbouring plantation.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Ulpha Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Dunnersdale Fell, West and East Site code: Jun-SD1992-01 Survey date: 23/11/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas and S. Cent. grid ref: SD 19920 92700 Townsend. Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 60 – 200m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label? N/A m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 15.11 2.13 17.24 Confidence 5 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… J.c.comm…………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 830 195 34 34 1093 Method VP VP VP VP VP Confidence M H H H M

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Majority of junipers show signs of winter browsing, hard and extensive on some bushes. Some bushes at the north end of the stand have been browsed recently. Only one seedling found and no young trees. Lots of mature trees showing supressed growth, illustrating long term heavy browsing pressure.

6. Other threats: Succession to tall trees. Almost all regeneration of tall trees is within the protective canopy of existing junipers, leading to the death of these junipers in the long term.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 1 of X present present X Present Comments: Almost all bushes mature or old. Berry bearing trees abundant.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Aspen suckers establishing in SD1992- protection of juniper. 01A Jun- Ash and yew established after SD1992- regenerating within juniper canopy. 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Sub stands and outliers comprise A: Main stand, B: Northern sub-stand adjacent to Birks Wood, C: outliers to east of main stand and D: Southern outlier at Cinderhill Beck. Large juniper stand of variable density, with abundant oak, ash, rowan, birch, hawthorn, holly, yew and aspen. Two large clones of the latter numbered 8 and 10 large stems respectively, with many smaller suckers present. Largest mature stem at SD19883 92480, measuring 1.85m. circumference or 59cm DBH. Few sycamore and 1 beech present (planted). Almost all regeneration of tall tree species is within the protection of juniper canopies, something which will aid the decline of this juniper stand given its complete lack of regeneration at present. Numerous large juniper present including one of 44cm diameter at base, or 140cm circumference, at SD 19890 92254.

SD28

Sites List: Jun-SD2788-01 Black Moss Jun-SD2788-02 Style Flat Jun-SD2789-01 Beacon Tarn Jun-SD2789-02 Yew Barrow Wood, Greenholme Jun-SD2888-01 Whitestone Moss Jun-SD2889-01 Greenholme Beck Jun-SD2990-01 Bethecar Moor West

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Black Moss Equiv. L. Ward site(s): Houlker Hall West Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2788-01 Survey date: 23-08-2011 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, Cent. grid ref: SD 2749 8803 H Corton Valley / area: Blawith and Altitude: 90 m – 120 m Subberthwaite Aspect: Various Ownership

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 5.13 5.13 ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm. …………

Sub stand A Total Count 601 601 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet grassland…………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Grazing impact assessment carried out 01/05/2013 (H. Corton, R. and L. Kingston). Browsing of heather, juniper and cross-leaved heath, and the growth form of heather suggests that current impacts are high, that these impacts are long term and are if anything, increasing. 6. Other threats: None obvious 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Few 10% 50% 40% present present Comments: Later visit (01/05/2013) suggested that some of those previously classed as young are actually mature.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Juniper seemed to be nearly excusively in areas free from Bracken, mostly in wet Mire. Saw Adder, Green Woodpecker nearby. Very undisturbed area. H had Stonechats and saw a singing Yellowhammer. There is a scrambling track on the hillside opposite the road. It was well away from the Juniper and seemed not to be having any effect. Very beautiful undisturbed area, lots of flowers, Bog Myrtle, Butterflies & Birds.

The site was revisited on 01/05/2013 by H. Corton and R. and L. Kingston, to carry out Grazing Impact Assessment (see above). The results of this later survey, and the observation that some of the young trees were actually older, moves this stand from ‘stable’ to ‘slow decline.’ Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Style Flat Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Houlker Hall West Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2788-02 Survey date: 23/08/2011 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, H Cent. grid ref: SD 2748 8888 Corton

Valley / area: Blawith and Subberthwaite Altitude: 110m – 160m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes d) GPS number and track name / label? N / A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.82 1.82ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 364 364 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats:

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 10% 50% 40% present present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Juniper seemed to be exclusively in areas free of bracken, mostly in wet mire. Saw common frog, common lizard, adder, green woodpecker, stonechat and yellowhammer.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Beacon Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Greenholme West (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2789-01 Survey date: 09/08/2011 Recorder name (s): P. and R. Howlett. Cent. grid ref: SD 27720 89710 H. Corton

Valley / area: Subberthwaite Altitude: 130 – 170 m. Aspect: various Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area 0.05ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c. comm………

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 Total Count 17 27 8 5 3 60 Method WT WT WT WT WT WT Confidence H H H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? None. Re-visit Jan 2013 (MD): 100% of accessible juniper shoots browsed.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead <1% 10% 50% 40% 10% <1% Comments: Very few seedlings

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Seemingly young trees in wet mire have stems of more than 2.5cm at base.

Sub-stands are numbered from East to West, with the eastern most substand (1) with 17 bushes and the western most (5) with 3 bushes.

Re-visit Jan 2013 (MD): Many bushes previously assessed as young seem to be mature, based on diameter at base (>25mm). Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Yew Barrow Wood, Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Greenholme West Greenholme. (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2789-02 Survey date: 09/08/2011 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, H. Cent. grid ref: SD 27550 489380 Corton Valley / area: Subberthwaite Altitude: 110 – 140 m. Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes h) GPS number and track name / label? N/A i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area 1.52ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm…………

Sub stand 1 2 Total Count 106 74 180 Method WT WT WT Confidence H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? MD visited the stand on 22/01/2013 and found that 100% of this years shoots had been browsed (western sub-stand).

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead <1% 10% 50% 40% 10% <1% Comments: Very few seedlings

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Seemingly young trees in wet mire have stems of more than 2.5cm at base. MD visited on 22/01/2013 and estimated that there were 55 juniper in the western sub-stand and that 80% of these were old, 5% mature and 5% dead.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Torver Low Common Equiv. L. Ward site (s):Torver Low Common, E and W Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2792-01 Survey date:16/10/2011 Recorder name (s): D. Benham, B. King Cent. grid ref: SD27270 92820 Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 120 – 140m Aspect: various Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes j) GPS number and track name / label?

k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Area 0.08 0.7 0.2 0.98ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm.……

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Count 38 450 89 577 Method count count Count Ex. Count Confidence h h h H

4. Dominant Vegetation ……wet heath / mire……….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Little grazing of this year’s vegetation but junipers appear to be grazed at some point every year.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present present present Comments: BK and D. Benham: 35% young, 35% mature and 20% old. MD (22/01/2013): 5% young, 65% mature and 20% old.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD2714 35 Rock outcrop view to Hazel Hall SD2792- 9266 degrees 01A Jun- SD2724 60 View NE along valley mire SD2792- 9278 degrees 01B Jun- SD2792- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Occasional rowan, hawthorn and holly present. Many junipers browsed very low and lost within bog asphodel, Molinia and cross-leaved heath. Some Drosera intermedia beside streams.

MD visited on 22/01/2013 and found that only one of 15 apparently young trees had a stem diameter at base of less than 25mm, which suggests that most of the bushes originally classed as old are mature.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Torver Beck Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Coniston Arrow Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2796-01 Survey date: 30/08/2011 Recorder name (s): P. Howlett, R. Cent. grid ref: SD27330 96340 Howlett, H. Corton Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 290 – 350m Aspect: 135 degrees. Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label?

m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 0.76 0.76ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand A Total Count 44 44 Method VP VP Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat ………………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper growing in areas inaccessible to sheep

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present Comments: Trees inaccessible to difficult to assess proportions within each age class

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Coniston Limestone Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Con Limestone Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2796-02 Survey date: 30/08/2011 Recorder name (s): Peter and Ruth Cent. grid ref: SD27900 96870 Howlett, Hilary Corton

Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 340 – 470 m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes n) GPS number and track name / label?

o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area 0.21ha Confidence 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Count 90 5 2 3 1 4 11 116 Method VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat ………………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper growing in areas inaccessible to sheep

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present Present Comments: Trees inaccessible so difficult to assess proportions in each age class

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Hookler Hall Equiv. L. Ward site (s):Hookler Hall Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2888-01 Survey date: 15/07/2011 Recorder name (s):MD PH RH RS Central grid ref: SD28190 88680

Valley / area:Blawith Altitude:80 – 90m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map?

p) GPS number and track name / label?

q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp……………

Sub stand A B C D E Total Count 294 581 175 91 127 1268 Method WT WT/Vant WT/Vant Vantage WT Confidence H L M M H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Wet grassland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Little grazing at present – tall grass sward and good growth of dwarf shrub heath and Juniper. BUT – signs of part heavy grazing pressure within growth of Heather

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead Present 20% 50% 30% Present Present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed-point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number NONE

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Numerous associated Birch, Rowan, Willow and occasional Yew, Ash, Holly, Hawthorn and Gorse. Ground flora outside Bracken = Wet grassland/misc. species: Sorrel, Grass of Parnasus, Bog Asphodel, Sundew, Cranberry and Sphagnums. Birds: Linnet, Willow Warbler, Whitethroat, Bullfinch, Redpoll, Siskin, Tree Pipit, Yellowhammer, Wren, Chaffinch and Buzzard. Restoration Potential: Numerous seedlings and young trees illustrate natural regeneration. If there has been a recent reduction in grazing, further regeneration could be encouraged with scarification.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Greenholme Beck Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Greenholme East Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2889-01 Survey date: 09/08/2011 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett Cent. grid ref: SD28500 89280

Valley / area: Subberthwaite Altitude: 70 – 100m. Aspect: 180 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes r) GPS number and track name / label? N/A s) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Count 6 1 32 62 2 8 111 Method WT WT WT WT WT WT WT Confidence H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? None

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead <1% 10% 50% 40% 10% <1% Comments: Very few seedlings

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Seemingly young trees in wet mire have stems of more than 2.5cm at base.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Blawith Common Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Stable Harvey and Long Scars Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2890-01 Survey date: 28/11/12 and 18/12/12 and 19/04/11 (MD). Recorder name (s): P and C Cent. grid ref: SD2862 9091 Matthiessen Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 50m – 200m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes t) GPS number and track name / label? N / A u) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D E F G H I J Total Area 16.65ha Confidence 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D E F G H I J Total Count 7 7 325 20 35 55 70 37 35 190 781 Method VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP Confidence H H M L L H M M M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No seedling juniper found and very few young bushes recorded. Swaledale sheep browsing juniper during survey. MD – 22/01/2013 – 100% of shoots browsed on some bushes at sub-stand J.

6. Other threats: Shading by bracken and tall trees 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present 40% 55% 5% present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Mostly scattered juniper growing on wet ground away from dense bracken and other tree species. Boundary and count confidence ratings are low so some juniper may have been missed during surveys, and drawn boundaries may not encompass all juniper within each patch. Point A is the southernmost point and the sequence follows an anti-clockwise route from this point, C being the largest sub-stand and J the highest altitude sub-stand.

MD re-surveyed sub-stand J on 22/01/2013, counting 190 juniper (M confidence), and more than 70% of these were old. No young juniper or seedlings were seen. Browsing was patchy but on some bushes 100% of last years shoots were browsed off. Scattered yew, holly, rowan and large ash were present, and further down slope there were more birch, oak and ash with occasional willow species along stream sides.

SD29

Sites List: Jun-NY2900-01 Lad Stones Jun-SD2798-02 Low Water Jun-SD1992-01 Ulpha Jun-SD2798-03 Brim Fell Haws Jun-SD2091-01 Ulpha South Jun-SD2799-01 Little Howe Crags Jun-SD2092-01 Cinder Hill Jun-SD2890-01 Blawith Common Jun-SD2093-01 Hollow Moss Jun-SD2892-01 Sunny Bank Jun-SD2194-01 High Kiln Bank, Duddon Jun-SD2893-01 Torver Back Common enclosed Jun-SD2194-02 Dunnerdale Hall Enclosures South Jun-SD2897-01 Colt Crag Jun-SD2196-01 Wallowbarrow Coppice Jun-SD2897-02 Stubthwaite Crag Jun-SD2294-01 Caw Fell West Jun-SD2897-03 Coniston Bell Jun-SD2295-01 Caw Fell north Jun-SD2898-01 Levers Moss Scrow Jun-SD2295-02 Dunnerdale Hall Enclosures North Jun-SD2898-02 Dixon Scrow Jun-SD2299-01 Hardknott Forest Jun-SD2898-03 Crowberry Haws Jun-SD2698-01 Savin Hill Jun-SD2898-03 Tongue Brow Jun-SD2699-01 Savin Hill north Jun-SD2899-01 Kennel Crag Jun-SD2791-01 Stable Harvey Jun-SD2990-01 Bethecar Moor West Jun-SD2792-01 Torver Low Common Jun-SD2993-01 Torver Back Common Jun-SD2794-01 Wide Close, Torver Jun-SD2997-01 Foul Scrow Jun-SD2796-01 Torver Beck Jun-SD2998-01 Long Crag (Coniston) Jun-SD2796-02 Coniston Limestone Jun-SD2998-02 Sweeten Crag Jun-SD2797-01 Spion Cop Quarry Jun-SD3091-01 Broad Hollins, Bethecar Jun-SD2798-01 Buck Barrow Crag

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes b) GPS number and track name / label? N / A c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 22.14 22.14ha Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 3650 3650 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

6. Other threats: none

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present X Present Comments: Only three seedlings seen on more inaccessible parts of the crag.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes d) GPS number and track name / label? N/A e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D Total Area 15.11 2.13 17.24 Confidence 5 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… J.c.comm…………

Sub stand A B C D Total Count 830 195 34 34 1093 Method VP VP VP VP VP Confidence M H H H M

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

6. Other threats: Succession to tall trees. Almost all regeneration of tall trees is within the protective canopy of existing junipers, leading to the death of these junipers in the long term.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 1 of X present present X Present Comments: Almost all bushes mature or old. Berry bearing trees abundant.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Hollow Moss Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site code: Jun-SD2093-01 Survey date: 13/12/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD 20710 93180 Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 180 – 210m. Aspect: 315 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N/A f) GPS number and track name / label? N/A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.74 1.74 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 180 180 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No signs of browsing damage on shoots from last two growing seasons, despite previous heavy browsing pressure (illustrated by form of junipers).

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X present present X X Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Juniper looking healthy despite the lack of any boundaries between this stand and the more heavily browsed Ulpha stand to the south. Holly, rowan and a few scattered ash present including one ancient (?), hollow ash along stream.

plands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: High Kiln Bank, Duddon Equiv. L. Ward site (s): High Kiln Bank, Brockbarrow West Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2194-01 Survey date: 19/02/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD 2148 9446 Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 140m – 260m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes h) GPS number and track name / label? N / A i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 8.63 - 8.63ha Confidence 3 4 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 342 13 355 Method VP VP VP Confidence M H M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Bark stripping and browsing easy to find on juniper on lower slopes but very difficult to find higher up. Soft rush grazed throughout though, and only two seedlings were found on higher slopes despite abundant berry bearing bushes.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present >85% x 10% Comments: Very old stand reaching the end of its life span

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD21327 40 SD2194- 94511 degrees 01A Jun- SD21620 325 SD2194- 94398 degrees 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Scattered stand of old juniper with many dead trees. Holly, rowan and oak also present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dunnerdale Hall Enclosures Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Low Hall Above / South Hall Dunnerdale Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2194-02 Survey date: 08/04/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2196 9475 Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 180m – 250m Aspect: 350 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 8.79ha Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c. communis …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 265 20 285 Method VP VP VP Confidence M H M

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsing on juniper easy to find, sometimes 100% of shoots browsed. Some bushes browse lined.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 80% 15% Comments: Many dead bushes. Lotsd of old bushes nearing end of their life-span.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD 2207 355 SD2194- 9449 degrees 02

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Smaller sub-stand to the east of the larger sub-stand. Very old and heavily browsed stand with scattered ash, rowan, larch and two old sycamore.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Wallowbarrow Coppice Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Wallowbarrow Above Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2196-01 Survey date: 09/08/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2152 9629 Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 170m – 200m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes l) GPS number and track name / label? N / A m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.31 1.31ha Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 255 255 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Hard to find signs of browsing on juniper and 2 holly saplings have got away in recent years. Two patches of heather had been browsed to drumstick / carpet forms though. He latter may be due to more recent grazing by escaped sheep. The land has just gone into HLS and is to be cattle grazed only. 6. Other threats: A number of large sycamore are present on neighbouring ground and these could spread into the juniper area if grazing is relaxed too much. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 1 found 2 found 20% 75% X 4 found Comments: Lots of berry bearing bushes with abundant fruit at present.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD2196- 01A Jun- SD2196- 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This area has recently gone into HLS and is to be grazed by cattle only. At the moment sheep are getting in though, and this could be a problem in the future if large numbers gain access in the winter period. The strong growth of ground flora may be preventing juniper regeneration at the moment, and the NT Tenant aims to counter this through experimenting with grazing cattle numbers and periods. 50 juniper will also be planted within the existing juniper (as well as 100 on Wallowbarrow Crag). Ash, oak, birch, hazel, holly and gorse are present and redpoll and tree pipit were calling on the day of the survey.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Caw Fell West Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Brockbarrow East (part of) Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2294-01 Survey date: 04/10/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD 2241 9456

Valley / area: Duddon Valley Altitude: 220 380 m Aspect: 270 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? yes n) GPS number and track name / label? N / A o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 6.49 6.49 Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 114 114 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? No seedlings found and most juniper on difficult to access crags. Most accessible junipers show signs of past browsing.

6. Other threats: None

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X present >80% X present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Rowan (bark stripped) growing from SD2294- within shelter of juniper canopy. 01A

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Heavily grazed and browsed area with dwindling population of juniper. Occasional holly present and lone rowan regenerating within the protection of a juniper canopy.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Caw Fell North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2295-01 Survey date: 18/09/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2280 9504

Valley / area: Duddon Valley Altitude: 250 – 320m. Aspect: 315 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A p) GPS number and track name / label? N / A q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 7.22 N/A 7.22 ha ha Confidence 5 3 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B Total Count 676 26 696 Method VP VP VP Confidence H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most junipers show signs of previous browsing, and browse lining and pruning due to browsing are easy to find. Only one seedling found. Most smaller bushes turned out to be at least mature (30 years plus) due to suppressed growth because of browsing. 6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present < 5% >15% 80% X present Comments: One seedling found. Few dead bushes.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD23062 229 Overview of part of stand from NE end SD2295- 95232 degrees 01A Jun- SD2295- 01B Jun- SD2295- 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This stand seems to have experienced long term heavy browsing and this is illustrated by obvious browsing (winter) of shoots, suppressed growth of mature and old trees, and the low numbers of young and seedling junipers. Numerous old hollies and a few rowan present.

Management Recommendations (includes Caw West): Juniper at Caw North and Caw West has suffered from heavy browsing for a long period. The lack of tall trees of other species may also be due to long term browsing pressure and the value of these stands for wildlife is much reduced as a result. Ideal management would be a reduction in the stocking rate in this area, grazing with less than 1 ewe/ha over the period April to October, and wintering livestock off site. This would encourage natural regeneration of juniper, though other trees would be slow to colonise the area due to a lack of nearby seed trees. Planting of birch, aspen and rowan at the start of any stock reduction period would counter this problem.

In the absence of stock reductions, enclosures could be built upslope of the existing juniper, and planted up with juniper, birch, aspen and rowan. Two separate enclosures, totalling around 10 ha in extent would allow the planting of 3000 juniper and 400 taller trees. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dunnerdale Hall Enclosures Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Hall Dunnerdale North Total Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2295-02 Survey date: 08/04/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2204 9534 Valley / area: Duddon Altitude: 110m - 180m Aspect: 315 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes r) GPS number and track name / label? N / A s) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 2.64ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 79 177 23 279 Method VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browse lines suggest that grazing has been heavy in the past,but recent juniper browsing is patchy and generally light.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present >90% X present Comments: Two young bushes found

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Predominantly old juniper growing at variable density amongst scattered birch, rowan, holly, oak, hazel and ash.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Stable Harvey Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Stable Harvey Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2791-01 Survey date: 22/01/2013 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2725 9149 Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 120m – 140m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: j) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes t) GPS number and track name / label? N / A u) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 32 49 81 Method VP VP VP Confidence M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …wet heath / mire…………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Browsing of junipers light and infrequent at present, but some bark stripping at sub- stand A.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 1% 4% 43% 48% X 4% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

The two points represent scattered juniper along two stream / flush lines. There was a single rowan at sub-stand A and an old Scot’s pine at sub-stand B.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: k) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes v) GPS number and track name / label?

w) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Area 0.08 0.7 0.2 0.98ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm.……

Sub stand 1 2 3 Total Count 38 450 89 577 Method count count Count Ex. Count Confidence h h h H

4. Dominant Vegetation ……wet heath / mire……….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Little grazing of this year’s vegetation but junipers appear to be grazed at some point every year.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Occasional rowan, hawthorn and holly present. Many junipers browsed very low and lost within bog asphodel, Molinia and cross-leaved heath. Some Drosera intermedia beside streams.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 340 – 470 m Aspect: 135 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: l) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes x) GPS number and track name / label?

y) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area 0.21ha Confidence 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Count 90 5 2 3 1 4 11 116 Method VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP Confidence H H H H H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation/ habitat ………………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Juniper growing in areas inaccessible to sheep

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: m) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes z) GPS number and track name / label? N / A aa) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D E F G H I J Total Area 16.65ha Confidence 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D E F G H I J Total Count 7 7 325 20 35 55 70 37 35 190 781 Method VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP VP Confidence H H M L L H M M M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

6. Other threats: Shading by bracken and tall trees 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present 40% 55% 5% present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Sunny Bank Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Sunny Bank Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2892-01 Survey date: Various up to 25/07/11 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, D. Cent. grid ref: SD28580 92650 Benham, B. King Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 80 – 130m Aspect: various Ownership:

2. Stand area: n) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes bb) GPS number and track name / label?

cc) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 17.47 17.47 ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…

Sub stand A Total Count 1595 1595 Method VP VP Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe deer..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Young j. present only in mires and even here are heavily browsed. Bog myrtle also heavily browsed in April suggesting the site is heavily grazed in the winter.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead none present present present present Present Comments: Vast majority of trees are old

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD2892- 01A Jun- SD2892- 01B Jun- SD28552 30 SD2892- 92233 degrees 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Heavily grazed area dominated by old trees, with little natural regeneration for many decades. It is varied though, with juniper of different densities and with a large variety of standard trees. Rowan, birch, holly, yew, hawthorn, blackthorn, oak and ash amongst juniper and willow and alder along Mere Beck. Most juniper growing amongst bracken but many younger trees growing in valley mire / flush vegetation. Variety of birds correspond with varied habitat with singing willow warbler, redpoll, chaffinch, redstart, whitethroat, wheatear, tree pipit, whinchat, stonechat and yellowhammer present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Torver Back Common Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Torver Back Enclosure Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2893-01 Survey date: 30/06/2012 Recorder name (s): P and R Howlett, H. Cent. grid ref: SD 28775 93074 Corton Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 50m – 150m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: o) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes dd) GPS number and track name / label? N / A ee) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 2.83 2.83 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A Total Count 241 241 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grass……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Good age range amongst juniper. Adjacent vegetation generally tall and un-grazed.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present 25% 65% 5% X X Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Old, browse lined juniper SD2993- 01A Jun- Juniper growth form showing repeated SD2993- browsing. 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Fence seems to be successful in excluding livestock and bilberry and bell heather doing well alongside healthy, expanding juniper population.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Levers Moss Scrow Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Levers Moss Scrow Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2898-01 Survey date: 24/06/2013 Recorder name (s): R. Kingston Cent. grid ref: SD2875 9848 Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 190m – 230m Aspect: 90 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: p) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes ff) GPS number and track name / label? N / A gg) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C Total Area 2.99ha Confidence 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 48 92 175 315 Method VP VP WT WT Confidence H H M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Acid Grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Most juniper with sheep browse lines and evidence of recent browsing. No heather or bilberry present.

6. Other threats: None 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X 1% 2% 74% 3% 20% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD2873 260 Across beck to northern sub-stand. SD2898- 9857 degrees 01A Jun- Same 180 To beck-side juniper SD2898- degrees 01B Jun- Same 120 Looking across to the two southern SD2898- degrees sub-stands. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): A = southernmost sub-stand and C= northern most. Like Dixon’s Scrow nearby, this juniper is declining rapidly due to sheep grazing. Holly and birch present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Dixon Scrow Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Dixon Scrow Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2898-02 Survey date: 19/05/2013 Recorder name (s): Roger and Liz Cent. grid ref: SD28956 98048 Kingston Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 230m – 270m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: q) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes hh) GPS number and track name / label? N / A ii) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 2.05 0.41 2.46ha Confidence 4 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B Total Count 369 16 385 Method WT WT WT Confidence m m m

4. Dominant Vegetation …acid grassland……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? All bushes winter browsed with browse lining on many bushes.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 10% 55% 35% Comments: Collapsing branches quickly browsed by sheep.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Dead and browse lined juniper SD2898- (06/04/2011) 02A Jun- Dead juniper and Swaledale sheep SD2898- (06/04/2011) 02B Jun- Browse lined old juniper SD2898- (06/04/2011) 02C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Rapidly declining stand due to old age of bushes and heavy sheep browsing pressure. Few hawthorn and holly present.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Bethecar Moor West Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Bethecar Moor West Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2990-01 Survey date: 09/05/2012 Recorder name (s): M Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD2989 9040

Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 130m - 210m Aspect: 280 degrees Ownership

2. Stand area: r) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes jj) GPS number and track name / label? N / A kk) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area 9.22ha Confidence 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 480 308 300 1088 Method VP WT VP VP Confidence M H M H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe deer………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Where present leggy old Calluna has not been browsed since last year, bracken litter layer is barely trampled and sedge rich flushes have not been grazed, all suggesting that sheep have not been outwintered. Some autumn / winter browsing of bilberry and holly though.

6. Other threats: Sycamore and young spruce present amongst juniper – could lead to shading in the long term.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present present Present Comments: Dominated by old and mature juniper

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- From track up to SE corner of SD2990- plantation. 01A Jun- From upper boundary of stand looking SD2990- to SW corner of plantation 01B Jun- From upper boundary of site looking SD2990- west over southern sub-stand. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Singing birds: stonechat (1), yellowhammer (1), whitethroat (3), redpoll, garden warbler (1), willow warbler, dunnock, wren, chaffinch, cuckoo (>2), tree pipit (4) and wryneck! The latter mobbed by redpoll and other birds and still present on 11/05/2011. Buzzard, peregrine and red kite overhead. Green tiger beetle and green hairstreak at upper boundary of stand. Trees: Ash, oak, rowan, holly, yew, hawthorn, blackthorn, birch, gorse and sycamore. Mosaic of habitats seem to be regenerating after past heavy grazing. Perhaps few niches for juniper regeneration though.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Torver Back Common Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. code: Jun-SD2993-01 Survey date: 30/06/2012 and 14/01/2013 (MD) Recorder name (s): Peter and Ruth Cent. grid ref: SD2941 9382 Howlett, H. Corton Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 50m – 150m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: s) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A ll) GPS number and track name / label? N / A mm) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B C D E F Total Area 19.54ha Confidence 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm …………

Sub stand A B C D E F Total Count 200 40 172 58 64 64 598 Method WT WT WT WT WT WT WT Confidence M M M M M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe deer..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? There has been little or no regeneration of juniper in many decades. The January visit coincided with the first snow of the winter and browsing of juniper was still patchy at that time, though it was severe and extensive to the south of Long Tarn, where bushes have obviously been heavily browsed for a number of years.

6. Other threats: Sycamore: middle aged tree at SD 29138 93658 (Long Tarn) risks the health of yew, old juniper and recently planted juniper. Two young sycamores at SD 29175 93730 threaten the health of two yew trees and four old juniper.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X X present >90% X present Comments: Little if any juniper regeneration in many decades.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD2993- 01A Jun- SD2993- 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Interesting stand of both discrete patches of juniper and isolated individuals, with varied neighbouring habitats. More heavily wooded ground to the north and near the Lake shore has more dense scrub (none-juniper) and bracken, while the higher ground is dominated by grass after many years of bracken control by the only active Commoner. Despite recent planting (150 seedlings planted in 2012), management changes will be required if the stand is to regenerate and survive in the long term.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Long Crag (Coniston) Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD2998-01 Survey date: 20/10/11 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas, A. Cent. grid ref: SD 29816 98335 Crowe Valley / area: Coniston Altitude:180m – 360m Aspect: S / SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: t) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes nn) GPS number and track name / label? Long Crag A and B oo) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 6.9 3.3 10.2 Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp comm.……

Sub stand A B Total Count 1311 845 2156 Method VP Photo VP / photo Confidence M M M

4. Dominant Vegetation: Acid grassland………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Grassland dominated by Nardus stricta and DSH only present on inaccessible crags. Some juniper shoots browsed but evidence of more severe browsing during previous winters.

6. Other threats: Few sycamore present but no sign of recent regeneration. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present present None seen present Comments: Majority of trees are old and only five seedlings found.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos. Photos filed at: T:\Images\Projects\Wider Countryside\Juniper project\Coniston Coppermines area\Long Crag, Coniston Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number 2011-10- SD 30167 317˚ Overview of stand from Ruskin 21- 97724 Museum 002jpg

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Associated trees: hawthorn, gorse, rowan, oak and sycamore. Heavily grazed area with few opportunities for juniper regeneration. Winter grazing / browsing appears to be a problem.

Restoration: This site appears to be heavily stocked with sheep and / or winter grazed. Despite the difficult terrain, there are few seedlings present, and the predominance of old trees suggests that grazing regimes / stocking rates have not allowed regeneration for many decades. The health and regeneration of juniper here will require reductions in sheep stocking rate, and more off-wintering of livestock. The presence of a handful of seedlings at the site suggests that the stand will regenerate given the correct grazing regime.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Broad Hollins, Bethecar Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Broad Hollins Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3091-01 Survey date: 09/07/2012 Recorder name (s): M. Douglas Cent. grid ref: SD30130 91610

Valley / area: Coniston Altitude: 100m – 220m Aspect: 100 degrees Ownership:

2. Stand area: u) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes pp) GPS number and track name / label? N / A qq) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 11.91 11.91 Confidence 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 523 523 Method VP VP Photo photo Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Almost all accessible junipers browsed, some severely, with more than two-thirds of last year’s shoots removed. Some browse lining and topiary as a result and one example of bark stripping found. No obvious signs of red deer browsing found. 6. Other threats: Shading – further down slope junipers dying as a result of shading. Shade bearing trees such as yew and sycamore present.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead X present present >80% present present Comments: Two young trees present.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- SD29110 60 View of stand from across the lake. SD3091- 91170 degrees 01A Jun- Sheep browse line on juniper. SD3091- 01B Jun- Bark stripping at around 1 metre SD3091- height. 01C

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Ash, rowan, yew, holly, hazel, birch and sycamore present. Winter grazing appears to be a problem at this site given the shoot removal on junipers. Junipers dying downslope due to shading by tall trees.

Comparison with L. Ward data: The L. Ward survey of 1973 estimated that there were 2100 junipers at this site. This suggests a decline of 1577 bushes, or 75%, over a forty year period. The earlier survey found that all age classes of juniper were present, though the vast majority were old trees, so the decline may have already begun in the 1970’s. The Uplands for Juniper Survey estimated that more than 80% of junipers were old, and did not reveal any seedlings and found only two young trees.

Restoration: Recent efforts have been made to restore the stand through the planting of 450 (?) seedling junipers. A quick transect of forty trees and protectors revealed that 30% (12 trees) had either been pushed over and browsed back hard, or had disappeared amongst strong growth of grasses or bracken. The extent and severity of browsing on established trees at this site suggests that planted seedlings will struggle to establish themselves given current grazing regimes. The priority for the restoration of this SSSI juniper stand is therefore to reduce the impact of sheep on and around this site. The key period for the browsing of juniper is outside the growing season, particularly during the winter and into the early spring period before more palatable species have started to grow. Livestock numbers either need to be reduced or sheep need to be shepherded away from the juniper during this key period. This should prompt natural regeneration, but it should also be a pre- cursor to planting, and to the removal of guards from existing planted seedlings.

Planting: The level of protection required by planted juniper will depend upon livestock densities and grazing periods around Broad Hollins. Protecting a proportion of planted trees with individual protectors may be required even after the manipulation of stocking densities. Junipers planted in clumps of between ten and fifty trees, with individuals 1.5 m to 3 m apart, should coalesce as they grow to form self-protecting thickets, with more value for invertebrates and feeding and nesting birds than scattered, individual bushes. Carefully selected planting areas should help to strengthen and link existing juniper stands within the common. See the attached map for suggestions of planting locations. These were selected due to their relatively high altitude, relative position to existing stands and ease of maintenance. The proposed areas will also avoid important habitats such as dry heath, wet flushes and mires.

SD37

Sites List: Jun-SD3976-01 Wart Barrow Jun-SD4080-01 Hampsfield Allotment Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Hampsfield allotment Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Hampsfield Allotment SW, NW, NE, SE Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD4080-01 Survey date: 02/01/2012 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: SD400-802 P&C Matthiessen Valley / area: Field Broughton/Cartmel Altitude: 130 – 190m Aspect: NE/NW Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? No

b) GPS number and track name / label? No tracks recorded

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 4.5 10.8 15.3Ha Confidence Med Med

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…Common Juniper

Sub stand A B Total Count 78 300- 378-478 400 Method Direct Direct VP Confidence High Medium Medium

4. Dominant Vegetation …Limestone Grassland & Ash/Holly open woodland

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe Deer

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Medium grazing pressure from deer.

6. Other threats: Most of the area was covered by Conifer plantation until about 7 years ago, when it was clear-felled.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 80% 10% 15% Comments: Die-back occurring where exposed to prevailing wind.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no (approx. 15%)

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos. NO PHOTOS TAKEN

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): The general impression is that the Juniper stand once covered a wider area but that the old conifer plantation (now felled) probably shaded out a lot of Junipers & caused them to die. The highest density of Juniper is in the SE part of sub-stand B which consists largely of Limestone pavement and would not therefore have been planted with conifers. Access to parts of the Limestone pavement is difficult, hence the count for sub-stand B is not very accurate.

SD38

Sites List: Jun-SD3188-01 Lord Ling Jun-SD3289-01 Ickenthwiate Jun-SD3582-01 Bigland Tarn Jun-SD3587-01 Boretree Tarn Jun-SD3588-01 Rusland Heights Jun-SD3684-01 Bishop's Allotment South Jun-SD3688-01 High Dam Jun-SD3785-01 Bishop's Allotment North Jun-SD4080-01 Hampsfield Allotment Jun-SD4086-01 Simpson Ground

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Lord Ling Equiv. L. Ward site (s): NONE Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3188-01 Survey date: 29/07/2011 Recorder name (s): Central grid ref: SD31797 88532 SW RK Valley / area: Altitude: 100m Aspect: Ownership:

2. Stand area: a) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? YES

b) GPS number and track name / label? 29/07/11 2&3

c) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 0.5h 0.9h 1.4h Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp Communis Sub stand A B Total Count 48 113 161 Method Confidence

4. Dominant Vegetation ………………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats: No other land management affecting Juniper

7. Juniper age: Difficult to assess seedling/young due to Bracken coverage. Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 10% 20% 20% 50% Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no 25%

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed-point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number 31762 NW - N Start of sub-stand A 3 (with Roger)

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Bog Myrtle, Bell Heather and Cross-leaved Heath.

Sub-stand B to Sub-stand A in terms of health of trees and regeneration.

Restricted access due to Bracken. Suggest Sept/Oct survey re: Sub-stand C Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Ickenthwaite Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Ickenthwaite Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3289-01 Survey date: 15/08/2011 Recorder name (s): PM & CM Cent. grid ref: SD3205 8933 Valley / area: Rusland Altitude: 110m Aspect: SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: b) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes

d) GPS number and track name / label? Ickenthwaite 1,2,3,4

e) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 Total Area n/a 0.07 0.52 0.42 n/a 1.01Ha Confidence High High High High High

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…Common…………

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 5 Total Count 1 9 20 135 2 167 Method Exact Exact Exact Exact Exact Confidence High High High High High

4. Dominant Vegetation: Acid grassland / extensive Bracken & patches of Gorse

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Grasses were moderately grazed only.

6. Other threats: 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 0 18 30 44 6 2 Comments: No seedlings visible: several ancient trees of 40cm dia bases.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no (26% bearing fruit)

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label / Grid Ref. Comp. Magnified Description of fixed point Number bearing Ickenthwaite 1 SD32009 SE View of Sub-stand 4 89294 Ickenthwaite 2 SD32058 S Very old bush 89378 Ickenthwaite 3 SD32085 SE Ill bush 89337

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

Ca. 30 Juniper trees located outside of boundary – see areas & outliers marked pink on map. Stand is reasonably healthy, ca. 25% of trees fruiting but no seedlings found, poss. Due to sheep grazing. No access or survey difficulties.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Bigland Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Bigland Tarn Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3582-01 Survey date: 22/04/2012 Recorder name (s): P and C Cent. grid ref: SD 3520 8285 Matthiessen Valley / area: Leven Valley Altitude: 140 – 170m Aspect: NW Ownership: Bigland Estate

2. Stand area: c) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes f) GPS number and track name / label? N / A g) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 0.12 0.27 0.39ha Confidence 5 5 5

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A B C Total Count 12 8 1 21 Method WT WT WT WT Confidence H H H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Bracken……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other …Roe deer……..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Low pressure at present

6. Other threats: Shading by tall trees 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 20% 70% 10% Comments: Ill trees were shaded. Only 10 – 15% of bushes were fruiting.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Sub-stand A relates to the northern most stand, Sub-stand B the central area, and Sub-stand C the single outlier to the south. This stand exists around the boundaries of the open land where it is probably struggling to compete with tall trees and bracken. The age classes found back this up and the fact that no seedlings or young trees were found suggests that there has been no regeneration in the last 30 – 60 years.

Restoration: This site, one of the southernmost in the National Park for juniper, must have held juniper for more than a century. Its proximity to a number of historical gunpowder works in the Leven Valley suggests that it may have been planted here in the past to supply the huge demand for juniper charcoal from this industry. Restoration work would therefore be worthwhile for historical / cultural reasons, as well as for the wildlife benefits that this species brings.

Very few female (berry bearing) trees were found at Bigland Tarn, so restoration work should involve planting more junipers in an attempt to improve the regeneration potential at the site. Absolute numbers will depend on the wishes of the landowner, but a minimum of sixty junipers should ensure that a sufficient number of each sex are present to encourage regeneration, and also ensure that a number of sufficiently large clumps can form to provide habitat for a number of birds and invertebrates.

These should be planted in clumps of 10, with individuals planted between 5 foot and 8 foot apart. Two groups of 30 should be planted around the highest points within the two enclosures – one at Rough Coppice and one at Bigland Heights. Select predominantly grassy areas close to rock outcrops for planting. Adjacent vegetation growth should not be too strong here; limiting the amount of weeding that will be required around planted junipers.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Boretree Tarn Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Yew Barrow noth and Sth Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3587-01 Survey date: 16/10/2011. Re-visited 4/06/2013 – M.D. and P.M. Recorder name (s): P and C Cent. grid ref: SD 354870 Matthiessen Valley / area: Finsthwaite Altitude: 190 – 245 m Aspect: NW and SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: d) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Yes h) GPS number and track name / label?

i) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 Total Area 5.56 5.56 ha Confidence 3 3

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…J.c.comm…………

Sub stand 1 Total Count 675 675 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …Woodland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe deer………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Ground flora quite dense and tall across much of the stand, with some areas dominated by tall, thick bracken. However, most heather is browsed showing light to moderate impacts, with sometimes more than two thirds of shoots removed in the winter and with some cushion growth forms (patchy). Browsing of juniper ‘moderate’ overall and along the top of the ridge most bushes have had more than two thirds of last year’s shoots removed during the winter / spring. Recommendations queries

6. Other threats: Shading by tall trees which has already killed tens of trees on the lower slopes.

7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 0 <5% 10 80 present 5 Comments: Large proportion of the juniper were tall at 3 – 4m. high. Only five bushes seen with berries and these showed sparse fruiting. This may be due to a combination of browsing and old age.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): Access is difficult due to the density of the woodland and of the juniper stand. This is especially so in the northern half of the stand. This made it impossible to measure the area of the stand accurately as the perimeter could not be easily walked. The numbers are almost certainly an underestimate due to the difficulty of access and there is probably a low density of juniper in the woodland immediately to the east of the northern sub-stand down to about 190 metres altitude. Below this altitude the woodland is very dense and no junipers are present. Tall trees include birch, oak, ash, holly, yew, sycamore, cherry, Scot’s pine and larch.Tawny owl, red kite and buzzard were seen.

Restoration: This site is unusual in that it is suffering from shading and browsing at the same time. This is largely due to the presence of red deer as the main herbivore and this species’ liking for juniper. It may be that red deer are limiting the fruiting of established bushes through their browsing, and at the same time are not grazing the ground flora enough to create regeneration niches for juniper seed. The most effective restoration management would be to introduce cattle grazing to this area in order to limit the growth of ground flora and trample bracken around juniper, and to limit succession to tall woodland. Management of red deer numbers at the same time would be essential for cattle grazing to have the desired effect however.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Rusland Heights Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3588-01 Survey date: 14/05/2012 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: SD3529 8807 M Douglas, A Crowe Valley / area: Rusland Altitude: 200 – 240m Aspect: Various Ownership:

2. Stand area: e) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? N / A j) GPS number and track name / label? N / A k) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A Total Area 1.92 1.92 Confidence 4 4

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 200 200 Method WT WT Confidence M M

4. Dominant Vegetation …dry heath……………………….

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other ………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Sheep have been off-wintered for around ten years, and DSH in good condition, but most juniper browsed by red deer, more heavily at the south end. Bushes have obviously developed in conditions with less red deer pressure, but have later been more heavily browsed as numbers have increased. 6. Other threats: Shading of a few trees at the south end 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present Present Comments: Dominated by old trees but substantial numbers of mature juniper too. Deer browsing inhibiting fruiting in some trees.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number Jun- Collapsed, deer browsed juniper SD3588- 01A

Jun- Close up of deer browsed shoots SD3588- 01B

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): R. Crowe aims to plant between 600 and 1000 junipers around the existing stand under HLS.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Bishop’s Allotment Equiv. L. Ward site (s): None Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3684-01 Survey date: 08/09/2011 Recorder name (s): Cent. grid ref: SD 3620 8449 P and C Matthiessen Valley / area: Leven Valley Altitude: 115 – 140 m Aspect: W / SW Ownership:

2. Stand area: f) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? Newly plotted juniper. l) GPS number and track name / label?

m) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand Total Area N / A Confidence

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp…comm…………

Sub stand A Total Count 19 19 Method WT WT Confidence H H

4. Dominant Vegetation …Woodland……………………….

Other vegetation types present: acid grassland wet grassland / rushes dry heath wet heath / mire Limestone grassland Bracken Scree Outcrop / cliff Limestone scree Limestone outcrop / cliff

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe Deer………..

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure? Low grazing pressure from deer alone at present. Distribution of juniper in wet areas may suggest heavy browsing / grazing in the past? 6. Other threats: Most bushes shaded by willow / birch. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead present present present Comments:

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

2 red kites and 1 adder seen. Birch, willow and oak dominate the area where the juniper is found. This is probably a small remnant population form a once bigger stand, which is now struggling to compete with taller growing trees.

Restoration: It appears that this stand may have been affected by grazing in the past, with many of the junipers being found in sub-optimal areas in wet ground, perhaps regenerating here away from livestock. This has now been reversed and low levels of grazing are allowing succession to tall trees which are shading out the juniper. No juniper seedlings or young trees were found, and with only 4 berry bearing bushes present the potential for regeneration may be low.

The proximity of this stand to a number of historical gunpowder works in the Leven Valley suggests that it may have been planted here in the past to supply the huge demand for juniper charcoal from this industry. Restoration work would therefore be worthwhile for historical / cultural reasons, as well as for the wildlife benefits that this species brings.

Juniper planting would therefore be a good option for this site. Absolute numbers will depend on the wishes of the landowner, but a minimum of sixty junipers should ensure that a sufficient number of each sex are present to encourage regeneration, and also ensure that a number of sufficiently large clumps can form to provide habitat for a number of birds and invertebrates.

These should be planted in clumps of 10, with individuals planted between 4 foot and 8 foot apart. Junipers should be planted around the highest ground within the enclosure, away from most of the tall trees. Selection of predominantly grassy areas close to rock outcrops should limit the amount of weeding that will be required, as low growing grasses are less likely to out-compete seedling junipers.

The type of protection required for planted trees depends upon the grazing regime at the site. If sheep are out-wintered on this area, individual tree guards or fencing will be required to prevent browsing or pulling up of seedlings. Tree guards need to be 0.9m high and at least 30cm diameter, preferably of an open mesh type to reduce the greenhouse effect on the plants. The presence of the boundary wall running along the ridge of high ground could allow the construction of a relatively inexpensive exclosure adjacent to this feature.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: High Dam Equiv. L. Ward site (s): High Dam E&W Site Ref. Code: Jun-SD3688-01 Survey date: 14-08-2011 Recorder name (s): PM CM Cent. grid ref: SD3606 8862 Valley / area: Finsthwaite Altitude: 186m Aspect: SE Ownership:

2. Stand area: g) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? NO

n) GPS number and track name / label? High Dam 1 (sub-stand 30)

o) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 25 30 Total Area 0 0 0 4 - 229 2.26ha Confidence 5 n.b. Juniper in sub-stand 25 too spread out for meaningful estimate.

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp Common Juniper

Sub stand 1 2 3 4 25 30 Total Count 0 0 0 4 18 14 36 Method Exact Exact Exact Exact Exact Exact Exact count Confidence High High High High High High High

4. Dominant Vegetation ………………………….

Other vegetation types present: dry heath wet heath / mire. Sub-stands 2 & 30 – Some Alder, Willow & Birch but also open Mire with Bog Myrtle. Sub-stands 1,3 & 4 – Oak, Birch dry woodland Sub-stand 25 – Larch, Birch & Alder woodland (very wet with some Mire)

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? None. Stock excluded.

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

No grazing impact assessment carried out. No signs of grazing on grasses, Heather or Bog Myrtle. 6. Other threats: Four sub-sites previously recorded now have no Juniper. 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 30% 15% 50% 5% Comments: Most trees had areas of brown leaves & generally scanty leaf cover.

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes (1 tree) / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo label / Grid Comp. Magn Description of fixed point Number Ref. bearing ificati on High Dam SD36156 E Group of 4 ill trees in sub-stand 25 25-1 88538

High Dam SD36167 E 1 dying tree in sub-stand 25 25-2 88540

High Dam SD35931 N Relatively healthy tree in sub-stand 30 30-1 88757

High Dam SD35930 W Tree in sub-stand 30 30-2 88764

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?):

In general, all the sub-stands were overshadowed by large trees which appear to have grown up since Ward’s survey. Grazing pressure was very low so it seems probable that the poor condition of this stand is mainly due to competition for light with larger trees. The ‘best’ sub-stand (no. 30) was shaded on its north side but open to the sun on its south side (mire with Bog Myrtle). Most areas were very boggy (2,25,30) with extensive Larch, Birch, Alder etc. Areas 1,3 & 4 were drier with extensive Oak, Holly & Birch. Access is generally good but very boggy in most places. Although the area of sub-stand 25 was not considered possible for measurement, the location of the trees was as follows:- SD36108 88526 – 1 tree nearly dead <5cm SD36128 88505 – 1 tree<5cm SD36133 88566 – 1 tree ill, 5 – 10cm SD36103 88569 – 4 ill trees, 5 – 10cm SD36103 88530 – 1 tree, nearly dead, <5cm SD36181 88540 – 1 tree, nearly dead SD36168 88538 – 4 trees, all ill, 5 – 10cm SD36146 88521 – 1 tree, ill, <5cm SD36149 88565 – 3 trees, all ill, 5 – 10cm SD 36137 88540 – 1 fruiting tree <5cm

No Juniper were found under Larch plantation and only some under Alder/Birch. The only sub-stand doing reasonably well was not shaded at all on its southern side. Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

1. Site details Site Name: Bishop’s Allotment North Equiv. L. Ward site (s): Site Ref. code: SD3785-01 Survey date: 17/04/2012 Recorder name (s):P Matthiessen Cent. grid ref: SD367 852 Valley / area: Leven valley Altitude: 110 – 120m Aspect: NW Ownership:

2. Stand area: h) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? NO

p) GPS number and track name / label? Old Back A / Old Back B GPS no.5

q) Area of sub stands and total area?

Sub stand A B Total Area 8498 16953 25451m2 Confidence HIGH HIGH HIGH

3. Plant numbers and Juniper sub-species? Ssp… J communis

Sub stand A B C D Total outlier outlier Count 10 29 2 4 45 Method Walk- Walk- through through Confidence HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH

4. Dominant Habitat / Vegetation. Acid grassland

5. Grazing / browsing (circle appropriate grazing animal)? Sheep Cattle Red Deer Other Roe Deer

Indicators of high grazing / browsing pressure?

6. Other threats: None obvious – seems fairly low 7. Juniper age: Estimate Percentage seedling young mature old Ill Dead 50 50 5 Comments: Almost all in good condition

Are fruit bearing trees present? Yes / no

8. Fixed point photography: Insert Grid reference and compass bearing fixed point photos.

Photo Grid Comp. Magnifi Description of fixed point label / Ref. bearing cation Number

9. Comments (associated flora and fauna, survey / access difficulties?): This stand lies immediately to the north of the small stand on Bishop’s Allotment recorded by P Matthiessen in 2011. It is, however, distinct from the latter. It is noteworthy that most of the Juniper in the present survey were growing in the open away from standing trees. The few Juniper in poor condition were, in fact, shaded by Willow trees.

Uplands for Juniper Project – Survey Form

2. Stand area: i) Have you changed the boundaries of the stand on the survey map? No

r) GPS number and track name / label? No tracks recorded