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Geografski Obzornik 46, 3 (1999)

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Geografski Obzornik 46, 3 (1999) GHK - GeoSrafi ja Perl 11 B 21 GEOGR. OBZORNIK /1999 2 49600003794.. 3 GEOGRAFSKI OBZORNIK GEOGRAFSKI OBZORNIK GEOGRAPHIC HORIZON Strokovna revija za popularizacijo geografije Professional Review for Popularization of Geography Založnik Zveza geografskih Association of the Geographical Publisher društev Slovenije Societies of Slovenia Naslov Aškerčeva 2 Aškerčeva 2 Address 1000 Ljubljana 1000 Ljubljana Slovenija Slovenia Glavni, odgovorni in tehnični urednik Dejan Cigale Chief, Responsible and Technical Editor Uredniški odbor Valentina Brečko, Karmen Cunder, Drago Kladnik, Editorial Board Miha Pavšek, Tatjana Resnik Planine, Maja Topole, Ana Vovk Korže Prelom SYNCOMP Typesetting Tiskar Collegium Graphicum Printer Izhajanje Četrtletno Quarterly Frequency Finančna podpora Ministrstvo za Ministry of Financial Support šolstvo in šport Education and Sports Cena 450,00 SIT 4,00 USD Price Žiro račun APP Nova Ljubljanska banka Bank Account 50100-678-44109 50100-620-133 7383-20885/0 STROKOVNI ČLANKI PROFESSIONAL ARTICLES 1 Tea Lukan Klavžer Dolina Radovna, nekatere njene naravne vrednote 3 Radovna valley - Some of its natural values in objekti kulturne dediščine and objects of cultural heritage ' Miroslav Havrlant Antropogeni relief kot devastacijski fenomen 9 Anthropological relief as a devastating phenomenon ostravskega industrijskega okolja of Ostrava industrial environment Klaus Frantz Prešteti nepreštevno? Indijanci v statističnih 14 Counting the uncountable? Statistical registration dokumentih Združenih držav Amerike of American Indians in the USA Igor Fabjan Dominikanska republika - Kolumbov najljubši otok 20 Dominican Republic - Columbus' favourite island DOGODKI, OCENE, DRUŠTVA 25 EVENTS, REVIEWS, SOCIETIES Vsak avtor je v celoti odgovoren za prispevek. Each author is fully responsible for the task. NASLOVNICA FRONT PAGE Radovna v Vintgarju. Reka je spremenila svoj tok v pleistoce- River Radovna in Vintgar. The river changed its course dur- nu, ko ji je Bohinjski ledenik zaprl pot proti vzhodu (foto: Jože ing Pleistocene when the Bohinj glacier blocked its way towards Mihelič). the east (photo: Jože Mihelič). ISSN 0016-7274 GEOGRAFSKI OBZORNIK DOLINA RADOVNE V apnenčaste vzhodne Julijske Alpe so v sme- ri od jugozahoda proti severovzhodu globoko DOLINA RADOVNA, NEKATERE vrezane tri, v zgornjem delu bolj ali manj vzpo- NJENE NARAVNE VREDNOTE IN redno potekajoče koritaste ledeniške doline: Vra- OBJEKTI KULTURNE DEDIŠČINE ta, Kot in Krma. Vrata se pri Mojstrani iztekajo Tea Lukan Klavžer v Zgornjesavsko dolino. Na izteku Kota in Krme pa se začne dolina Radovne, katere reka je v geološki preteklosti vase pretočila Kotarico in UDK: 719:728.6(497.4) 719:502(497.41 Krmarico. Prvotno sta se namreč podobno kot COBISS: 1.04 Triglavska Bistrica iz Vrat izlivali v Savo Dolinko. Dolina Radovne ima do Krnice smer od seve- IZVLEČEK rozahoda proti jugovzhodu in je vrezana med Dolina Radovna, nekatere njene naravne visokima kraškima planotama Pokljuko in vrednote in objekti kulturne dediščine Povod za nastanek članka je bilo nedavno odprtje Mežaklo. V ledenih dobah je tod polzel Rado- obnovljene Pocarjeve domačije, bisera ljudske arhi- venski ledenik, ki se je širil do Blejskega kota. tekture v Zgornji Rodovni. Javni zavod Triglavski Dolinsko dno je ozko in prekrito z apnenčastim narodni park jo je pred leti odkupil, kranjski Zavod morenskim gradivom, gruščem in prodom. Str- za varstvo naravne in kulturne dediščine pa je kul- me bregove poraščajo mešani gozdovi, v ka- turni spomenik z veliko prizadevanja spomeniško ure- terih se vse bolj uveljavlja smreka. Na dil in muzejsko opremil, tako da obiskovalcem dokumentira stavbno dediščino preteklih stoletij in jugozahodnih pobočjih Mežakle najdemo tudi bivanje v njej. toploljubno združbo črnega gabra in malega jesena. ABSTRACT Reka Radovna izvira na več mestih pod Radovna valley - Some of its natural values Jutrovo skalo v Zgornji Radovni. Spomladi, ko and objects of cultural heritage The reason for this article was a recent opening of se v visokogorju topi sneg, in med jesenskim a renovated Pocar's home which is a pearl of a folk deževjem izvira že pod Gogalovo domačijo na architecture in Zgornja Radovna. Public institution nadmorski višini okrog 700 m, sicer pa vzhod- Triglav National Park bought it a few years ago. With neje. Napajajo jo večinoma pod površjem teko- a great effort Institute of natural and cultural heritage če vode, izvirajoče iz Triglavskega pogorja. conservation from Kranj renovated and equipped this Zbirata jih Kotarica in Krmarica. Podzemno cultural monument which represents a document of a building heritage of past centuries. v dolino Radovne pretakajo tudi vode z Meža- kle in vzhodne Pokljuke, ki prihajajo na dan AVTORICA v obliki kraških izvirov (na primer Zmrzlek in Tea Lukan Klavžer Lipnik v Spodnji Radovni). V Krnici reka v os- Naziv: univerzitetni diplomirani geograf in etnolog trem kolenu zavije proti severovzhodu, teče Naslov: Triglavski narodni park, Kidričeva cesta 2, skozi Grabče in Podhom, nato pa jo vklene Vint- 4260 Bled gar. Jugozahodno od Most se na nadmorski viši- Telefon: +386 (0)64 741 188 E-pošta: [email protected] ni 460 m izliva v Savo Dolinko. Podnebje je alpsko, z mrzlimi zimami in krat- kimi, svežimi poletji. Zaradi lege globoko med planotama je dolina osojna in deležna le malo sončnega obsevanja. Letna količina padavin zelo niha; povprečje za obdobje 1961-1990 je 1937 mm. Po pripovedovanju naj bi bile v Radovni prvotno le pašne planine gorjanskih kmetov. Šele kasneje naj bi se prebivalci stalno naselili. 3 GEOGRAFSKI OBZORNIK Slika 1: Grbinasti travnik (foto: Jože Mihelič). V zadnjih desetletjih živi v domačijah Zgornje NARAVNE VREDNOTE Radovne, raztresenih po trikotno razširjenem Grbinasti travniki. Na apnenčastih ledeniš- severozahodnem delu doline, okrog 60 prebi- kih nanosih, predvsem talnih morenah dolinske- valcev. Vas od Srednje Radovne loči ožina med ga dna Radovne, so se razvila grbinasta tla. Mežaklo (Jerebikovec, 1593 m) in hribom Travnike s takimi tlemi imenujemo grbinaste trav- Kuhinja. Po ponovni zožitvi doline pri Debelem nike. Grbinasti svet je površinska geomorfološ- kamnu pridemo v Spodnjo Radovno, nekdaj ka zanimivost, ki je dragocena tudi zaradi imenovano Fužine. Srednja in Spodnja Rodov- pestrega rastlinstva. Uvrščamo ga med narav- na sestavljata razpotegnjeno naselje Radovna. ne vrednote, pa tudi med kulturno dediščino, Število Radovničanov močno upada; leta 1991 saj so ga domačini do današnjih dni ohranja- jih je bilo le še 17. Domačini se ukvarjajo pred- li z dolgoletno ročno košnjo. Brez nje bi se zara- vsem z živinorejo in gozdarstvom, nekateri pa sel z gozdom. odhajajo na delo v bližnja središča. Od nek- Da bi bila mogoča hitrejša obdelava, grbi- danjega samooskrbnega poljedelstva se je naste travnike v zadnjih desetletjih vse pogo- ohranilo le gojenje krompirja. Ustavilo se je tudi steje izravnavajo. Grbine za vselej izginejo, več mlinov in žag. izginja pa tudi značilna kulturna krajina. V Ro- Ker je dolina pomembno izhodišče poti v Tri- dovni so grbinasti travniki ohranjeni le še na glavsko pogorje, so tu že v prejšnjem stoletju posameznih parcelah. V Zgornji Radovni nas živeli številni gorski vodniki in nosači, ki so oskr- na eni izmed njih na ta naravni pojav opozar- bovali planinske postojanke. Od sredine tega ja informacijska tabla Triglavskega narodnega stoletja pa do leta 1995 so tovor prenašali konji. parka. Tovorjenje je v zadnjih letih nadomestil helikop- V Julijskih Alpah najdemo valovit svet grbi- terski prevoz. nastih travnikov v Radovni, Kotu, Krmi in Vra- 4 GEOGRAFSKI OBZORNIK tih, poleg tega pa še v Bohinju, na Pokljuki in Radovne. V apnenčasto kamnino jo je pred prib- Mežakli ter v Posočju. ližno 10.000 leti izdolbla Ribščica, ki je bila Gogalov lipovec v Zgornji Rodov- tedaj zaradi taljenja ledenikov močnejša. Voda ni. Mogočni Gogalov lipovec stoji poleg je kasneje usahnila in se umaknila v podzem- gospodarskega poslopja pred kmečko hišo lje, za njo pa je ostala največja fosilna sote- (Zgornja Radovna 20) na nadmorski višini ska v Sloveniji. Danes teče Ribščica po površju 733 m. Letošnja meritev debla na prsni viši- le po dolgotrajnejšem deževju. ni je pokazala 642 cm obsega, torej ima dre- Prepadne, celo previsne stene soteske se vo v premeru dobra 2 m. Na višini 6 m je ponekod tako zbližajo, da nastanejo le nekaj v vejni pazduhi zrasla okrog meter visoka metrov široke tesni. Vmesne razširitve se ime- smreka, po vejah pa najdemo še štiri vrasle nujejo vrtci. Prek najožjega dela soteske so že smrečice. Bogato razrasla krošnja je krogla- od leta 1930 speljani leseni mostovi, imenova- sta in sklenjena ter brez suhih vej. Drevo je ni Galerije kraljeviča Andreja. visoko približno 25 m. Lastnica Pavla Kogov- V Pokljuški soteski najdemo nekatere kraš- šek ve povedati, da so še v prvi polovici tega ke oblike, na primer naravne mostove in votli- stoletja obsekavali njegove veje za zimsko krm- ne. Ena najbolj znanih je Pokljuška luknja, krajši ljenje ovac. Strokovnjaki so lipovcu pred prehodni jamski rov pod severnim robom sote- dobrim desetletjem prisodili največ do 500 let ske. Pot skozi votlino je od nekdaj omogoča- starosti, a domačini trdijo, da ima 800 let. la zložen prehod na zgornji rob soteske in To starost najdemo zapisano celo na temat- naprej na ravnejši svet Stare Pokljuke. Morda ski karti. je prav pomembnost tega prehoda povzroči- Pokljuška soteska. Skoraj dva kilome- la, da še danes marsikdo pomotoma uporabi tra dolga Pokljuška soteska je do 50 m globo- ime Pokljuške luknje kar za
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