The Passion Lord Jesus Christ
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By the same Author FIVE WOUNDS OF OUR LoRD JESUS CHRIST CORPORAL PASSION OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST THE PASSION OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST BJI DOCTOR PIERRE BARBET Surgeon of the Hopita! Sail/t-Joseph, Paris With al: Appmdix by P. J. SMYTH, B.Se., M.B., B.CM. Translated from the French by THE EARL OF \V£CKLOW UB1 ~RY ATO lNARY ... DUBLIN CLONMORE AND REYNOLDS LTD LONDON BURNS OATES AND WASHBOURNE LTD FirJ' Publisbed 1954 NIHIL OBSTAT: M. L. DEMPSEY, S.T.D. Contents CENSOR THEOL . DEP. IMPRIMI POTEST: IOANNES CAROLUS ARCHIEP. DUDLlN6N, IDDERNIJE PRLMAS Preface 7 18 AUG., 1953 The Holy Shroud 13 2 Crucifixion and Archa:ology 41 3 The Causes of the Rapid Death 68 4 The Preliminary Sufferings 81 5 The Wounds of the Hands 92 Copyrigbt 1954 by C/onlllore and Reynolds Ltd. 6 The Wounds in the Feet 106 7 The Wound in the Heart 113 8 The Descent from the Cross, the Journey to the Tomb and the Entombment 128 9 The Burial 133 10 Villandre's Crucifix 150 " 7 i\ II Last Thoughts 151 12 The Corporal Passion of Jesus Christ 158 Appendix I 174 MADE AND PRINTED IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND BY 175 CAHILL AND CO., LTD., FOR Appendix II CLONMORE AND REYNOLDS LTD. Illustrations Introductory The Laying in the Shroud Preface Figure 1 Frontal Image on the Shroud (Upper Part) Photographic Print Figure 11 I HAVE for a long time been asked, but of late with more eagerness, Rear Image on the Shroud to collect together in one book the results of my anatomical experi Photographic Prim ments, of my archa:ological and scriptural researches, finally of my Figures 111 and IV reflections on the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ. It is a subject which Radiograph of a Nailed Hand for more than fifteen years has in truth never been out of my thoughts, and at times has almost engrossed me. For has this world any more Figure V important subject for meditation than those sufferings, in which two Rear Image on the Shroud (Lower Members) mysterious truths have become materialised for mankind, the Incar nation and the Redemption? It is clearly both necessary and sufficient Figure VI that mankind should adhere to these with the whole of their souls, and The Nailing of the Feet that they should loyally derive from them their rule of life. But, in this unique event, which is the culminating point of human history, the Figure Vll smallest detail seems to me to have an infinite value. One does not weary Frontal Image on Shroud of examining the smallest particulars, even when the reticence of the Photographic Proof Evangelists makes it necessary for us to build our structure on scientific bases, which, even though they may be neither scriptural nor inspired, Figure VIII are nevertheless reasonably solid hypotheses. Frontal Image on the Shroud Theologians can imagine and describe to us the moral sufferings, Reproduction of Negative which formed part of the Saviour's Passion, beginning with those in the agony of Gethsemani, when He was overwhelmed with the weight Figure IX of the sins of the world, and ending with His abandonment by the F. ~.ar Image on Shroud Father, which drew from Him the cry on the cross: "Eli, Eli, lamma R eproduction of Negative sabachthanif" One may even venture to say that He continued to recite to Himself in a low voice the magnificent twenty-first psalm, of which Figure X these words are the first verse; a psalm which continues in notes of The Hands on the Shroud hope, and ends with a triumphal chant of victory. Photographic Print But when the same theologians or exegetes wish to describe to us Figure XI the physical sufferings of Jesus, one is struck with the difficulty which Volckringer-Marks left by plants in a Herbal they find in helping us to take part in them, anyway in thought. The Photographic Print and Negative truth is that they scarcely understand them; there is little on this subject which seems more empty than the traditional sermons on the Passion. Figure Xll Some years ago, my good friend Dr. Pasteau, the president of the The Villandre Crucifix Societe de Saint-Luc of Catholic Doctors in France, was visiting the Vatican with several high dignitaries of the Church. He was explaining 7 9 8 PREFACE PREFACE to them, following on my researches, how much we now know about war I even experienced the great happiness of being able tc read it, at the death of Jesus, about His terrible sufferings, and how He had died, Issy-les-Moulincaux, to three hundred seminarists and their professors; suffering from cramp in all His muscles and from asphyxia. One of them, it was in a paradoxical fashion, and by reversing the roles, a true who was still Cardinal Pacelli, and who, along with the others, had gone example of the apostolate of the ta;ty. I shall preach the Passion no pale with grief and compassion, answered him: "We did not know; morc, but it is largely with a view to these clerics that I have wished to nobody had ever told us that." divulge my ideas, so that they may nourish tilcir devotion to Jesus And it is indeed essential that we, who are doctors, anatomists and crucified and may bring it out in their preaching. physiologists, that we who know, should proclaim abroad the terrible That i.s why I have decided to collect all tllese ideas together in one truth, that our poor science should no longer be used merely to book, which will enable me to develop thcm more easily. My anatomical alleviate the pains of our brothers, but should fulfil a greater office, that experiments took place in the years 1932 <lp d 1935· I described the of enlightening them. first to my colleagues of tlle Societe de Sainl-Luc, whose judgment I The primary reason for this ignorance is to be found, we must own, vaiued more than any other. They were gencrous in their enthusiastic support and gave me the hospitality of their bulletin : in this were in the dreadful conciseness of the Evangelists : "Pilate . having scourged Jesus, delivered Him to them to be crucified ... and they published les mains du. Cl'ucifii, May, 1933 ; les pieds du Crucifie et Ie coup de lance, March, 1934; fa descente du croix et Ie transport au crucified Him." Every Christian, no matter how little he may be 8 liturgically-minded, hears these two phrases throughout the years, four tombeau , March, 1938; l'et1Se'velissen1 e11t de Jesus, March, 194 ." I times during Holy Week, in slightly different versions. But how much published the result of my fi rst rcsearches in a small book, les Cinq Plaies dll Christ,:: in January, 1935; its fourth edition, supplemented does that mean to him in the long reading of the Passion? The solemn 8 chanting continues: one can hear the howls of the Jewish mob and the with a chapter on the descent from the cross, appearcd in 194 . In 194 I produced my brochure, la Passion Corporelle: which appeared grave words of the Saviour, and unless it has prepared itself beforehand, 0 the mind lacks the time to dwell on the ghastly sufferings to which fir st of all in La Vie Spiritu elle. T he essay on the burial of Jesus these simple words refer. appeared in March, 1948, as the res ult of a talk given to the Paris The Evangelists certainly had no need to be more explicit. For the branch of the Societe de Saint-Luc. I can claim that since I finished my experiments the conclusions to Christians who had listened to the Apostolic teaching, and who later which I came have never been reversed, though I remain opcn to any on read the four Gospels, these two words, "scourging, crucifixion," were all too full of meaning; they had first-hand experience, and had new discovery which may show me to have been wrong. It has always been my aim to look on this as a scientific question and to put forward seen scourgings and crucifixions; they knew what the words meant. But my conclusions as hypotheses, in my opinion solidly established hut for ourselves, and for our priests, they mean scarcely anything; they tell, indeed, of a cruel punishment. but they paint no definite picture. capable of modifica tion, anyway in their details. But I have nevcr And one watches the unfortunate preacher desperately trying to express ceased to reflcct on this for m of torment and on the pictures of the his sincere grief: "Jesus has suffered; He has greatly suffered ; He has Holy Shroud, thc authenticity of which is to my mind assured by a suffered for our sins." closely-knit web of anatomical proofs. F rom this long, continuous meditation there has emerged, without To the man who knows what this means, who suffers in consequence, furtller experiment, a seri.:s of complemt:ntary explanations which seem to the point of no longer being able to do the Stations of the Cross, to me as luminous as thcy are simple. We find, for instance, the double there comes a terrible temptation to interrupt the orator, to tell him fl ow of blood from the wrist, due to the double movement of straighten how much He suffered and in what way He suffered, to explain the ing and relaxation on the part of the Crucifie d, and the thoracic fl ow quantity and quality of His sufferings, and finally how much He wished to die.