A Science Policy for Wales 2006
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A Science Policy for Wales 2006 The Welsh Assembly Government’s Strategic Vision for Sciences, Engineering and Technology G/MH/2495/11-06 November Typeset in 12pt ISBN 0 7504 9032 2 A-CMK-22-03-078 © Crown copyright 2006 Contents Ministerial Foreword 2 A Science Policy for Wales 4 Executive Summary 8 Higher Education’s Contribution to Science: 12 Research and the Application of Research Commercialisation of Science 19 Science Education 23 Public Dialogue and 27 Understanding of Science Key Priority: Health 29 Key Priority: Low Carbon Economy 35 Key Priority: Enabling Sustained Social 41 and Economic Renewal Effective Use of Scientifi c Evidence 45 by Government 1 Ministerial Foreword by The Right Honourable Rhodri Morgan AM, First Minister and Minister for Science The time is now ripe for a Science Policy for do have in Wales is spread relatively sparsely Wales. Wales cannot compete in the global between institutions and disciplines. This is economy on the basis of low wages and low the situation we face. The question for us all is value added goods and services. Our future what we do about it? We need to consider the lies in a knowledge economy, enriched by benefi ts that might accrue if a well designed scientifi c, technological and engineering know- science policy, tailored as closely as possible how. Although science policy and funding is to the needs of Welsh society, is brought into not devolved, a science policy tailored to Wales’ action. In doing so, we need to be aware of and needs will help to accelerate the development engage with other parts of the UK and Europe of a knowledge economy as well as enhance and the USA, and to relate to fast developing the quality of our higher education system, economies such as China and India. health service, environment, agriculture and We can only sustain a successful science policy evidence-based government in general. if it is outward-looking and ambitious and If Wales attempts to invest in a bigger scientifi c actively engages all stakeholders – business, effort right across the board, it will spread our higher education community, our Welsh the ‘butter’ far too thinly. We can succeed, National Health Service, science educators however, if specialist strengths in science and in schools and in the community, and policy technology within our research institutions and makers in central and local government. Wales’ our higher education sector can be married with business and higher education communities private sector strengths in those same science also need to mesh effectively with the wider and technology fi elds. Not only is Wales a small United Kingdom and the world. We must country without devolved responsibilities in continue to bring together networks and science, it is also a country in which the engine institutions to achieve strength in depth and the of scientifi c effort has for many decades not interdisciplinary fl exibility that is the so essential been running as effectively as it should. Wales to success in modern science and technology. has never been blessed with a large number of We must also ensure that benefi ts accruing government research establishments or private from research conducted in Wales and sector R&D establishments. The excellence we elsewhere benefi t the people of Wales and 2 support, where possible, all our strategic supportive of the proposed areas to focus policy objectives. The scientifi c world impacts upon but carried a proviso that there needs increasingly on our lives in varied ways a readiness to be fl exible in order to be able – personalised medicine, information and to embrace change and opportunities as and communications technology, to name but a few. when they might arise. Some respondents were It is essential that we all become more aware keen to see policy widened to address other and better informed of the challenges, solutions science-related issues and this policy document and opportunities scientifi c advances can offer. responds to those calls – on education and skills, public understanding of science, and The future also lies in ensuring we have a commercialisation, as well as science for policy suffi cient cadre of people able and willing making. It sets a direction of travel, defi ning a to work in research and technological broad policy. It is not intended, however, to go development and to teach the science, into detail or depth in any particular area. Other engineering and maths subjects that are documents and activities will do this. essential to any knowledge-based future. We have to build and retain enthusiasm and a I am passionate about the importance of positive image for studying and researching science in our lives and to our ambitions for such subjects among our children and their Wales. That is why I carry the role of Minister parents and advisors. for Science as well as being First Minister. This strategy explains how we should set out to When we carried out our consultation on this achieve those ambitions. I commend it to you. issue earlier this year, in A Science Policy for Wales? three priority areas were proposed for Wales to focus more of its effort and resources upon – health/life sciences, the low carbon economy and sustainable economic and social regeneration (and the social and natural sciences linked with it). The consultation Rhodri Morgan AM outcome, which produced over 280 pages First Minister and Minister for Science of comment and suggestions, was mostly 3 A Science Policy for Wales Wales may be said to have inherited a science Wales’ 21st century needs must be found. defi cit. The causes are very long standing. Quality of life is quoted as one reason for the Wales produces thousands of science graduates concentration of scientifi c manpower and and postgraduates every year. Many leave womanpower in the golden triangle – and, Wales and sometimes the UK to work in of course, proximity to other top scientists, private sector R&D establishments, government concentrations of cognate specialists, and a research establishments or, increasingly these belief that the facilities they need will be days, to convert their natural science skills to made available. meet the insatiable demands of the fi nancial services industry in the City of London and elsewhere. Others migrate to Wales but, in common with all other regions and countries of the UK other than London and the South East, Wales is a net exporter of graduates in natural sciences. That is not a satisfactory situation but it is not an easy inheritance to change radically. A ‘golden triangle’, based on Oxford, Cambridge and London, is very well entrenched in defence R&D and in big pharmaceutical company R&D. R&D establishments and their location are far more diffi cult to induce to move from within the golden triangle to locations outside it further along the M4 than are manufacturing establishments. The same applies to the smaller Cheshire and Manchester science belt and the Our universities not only produce thousands of possibilities of entering it with North Wales excellent science graduates and post-graduates, along the A55. they offer employment in research and teaching as well and have improved the standing of No one now builds new government research many, if not most, departments in the Research establishments. Correcting the existing science and Assessment Exercises (RAE) carried out over defi cit by waiting for the UK Government or the past decade and a half. Where Welsh higher European consortia of governments to build a education institutions (HEIs) have been far less new Harwell or CERN and then lobbying for successful than their Scottish counterparts is Wales to be the location would be pointless. in winning Research Council funding. Relative It would take far too long. We have seen to the total size of the higher education base in the recent competition within England, or to the total population, Scotland wins between Daresbury in the North and Harwell more than its share of UK Research Council in the Thames Valley, over the Diamond Light funding and Wales wins less than its share of Source synchrotron, which shows how strong UK Research Council funding. There would be the golden triangle’s magnetic pull is. It may hundreds more scientists employed in Wales be a regrettable situation but it is a situation if Welsh HEIs won the same share of Research which has to be faced. An answer that suits 4 Council funding, relative to its population, as laboratories and the volume of scientists, Scottish HEIs do. Welsh HEIs science mass and technologists and other researchers working revenue streams would be much improved in them, the greater the potential for ideas- as well. Although the situation is improving based new companies being formed. Likewise, and different HEIs have different degrees of the greater the inculcation of an ‘enterprise’ success in this area, a general improvement of orientation among the present cohort of performance here is bound to be an obvious scientists and other researchers in our HEIs, high priority. Winning a higher proportion of colleges and research laboratories, the larger EU Collaborative Research 7th Framework the number of spin-off and spin-out company Programme funds would not involve the same formations. These two strands of policy need level of improved revenue streams but carries complementing by inculcation of a culture of other global awareness benefi ts. The science in-trepreneurship, whereby organisations in the workforce is more globally mobile than most. public and private sector need to encourage ideas or, at least, not to block ideas for new An extension of the science base in health R&D lines of research which may be outside the set carries an added benefi t of being of benefi t priorities of the organisation.