DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Demographic and Economics Factors Associated with Suicide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Demographic and Economics Factors Associated with Suicide Haghparast-Bidgoli et al. International Journal for Equity in Health (2018) 17:77 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0794-0 RESEARCH Open Access Socio-demographic and economics factors associated with suicide mortality in Iran, 2001–2010: application of a decomposition model Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli1* , Giulia Rinaldi2, Hossein Shahnavazi3, Hamid Bouraghi4 and Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri5 Abstract Background: Suicide is a major global health problem, especially among youth. Suicide is known to be associated with a variety of social, economic, political and religious factors, vary across geographical and cultural regions. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors on suicide mortality rate across different regions in Iran. Methods: The data on distribution of population and socio-economic factors (such as unemployment rate, divorce rate, urbanization rate, average household expenditure etc.) at province level were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran and the National Organization for Civil Registration. The data on the annual number of deaths caused by suicide in each province was extracted from the published reports of the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization. We used a decomposition model to distinguish between spatial and temporal variation in suicide mortality. Results: The average rate of suicide mortality was 5.5 per 100,000 population over the study period. Across the provinces (spatial variation), suicide mortality rate was positively associated with household expenditure and the proportion of people aged 15–24 and older than 65 years and was negatively associated with the proportion of literate people. Within the provinces (temporal variation), higher divorce rate was associated with higher suicide mortality. By excluding the outlier provinces, the results showed that in addition to the proportion of people aged 15–24 and older than 65, divorce and unemployment rates were also significant predictors of spatial variation in suicide mortality while divorce rate was associated with higher suicide mortality within provinces. Conclusion: The findings indicate that both spatial and temporal variations in suicide mortality rates across the provinces and over time are determined by a number of socio-economic factors. The study provides information that can be of importance in developing preventive strategies. Keywords: Suicide mortality, Temporal variation, Spatial analysis, Panel data, Iran Background between 1980 and 2015. Although rates of fatal suicide Suicide is a major global health problem, especially have found to be overall decreasing in countries across among youth, where suicide is in the top three causes of the world from the 1990s to the present [3–8], this is death in people aged 10–24 years [1]. Overall, suicide not the case in certain countries and age groups [9–13]. and self-harm is the 18th highest cause of disability ad- Countries with the highest suicide rates are Eastern justed life years (DALYs) loss globally [2]. Evidence also European neighbors (including Russia, Estonia, Latvia shows that DALYs loss contributed to self-harm has de- and Lithuania) as well as countries such as Sri Lank, creased by 17% from 2005 to 2015 and that the death Korea and Cuba [14]. Teenagers and young adults carry rates due to self-harm have also decreased by 16.3% the high rates of suicide mortality in these countries with 46.5 and 23.6 suicide deaths per 100,000 population in Sri * Correspondence: [email protected] Lanka and Russia, respectively, recorded per year amongst 1Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, 15–19 year olds [15]. Suicide rate in the Eastern Mediter- London WC1N 1EH, UK ranean Region (EMR) countries is reported to be lower Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Haghparast-Bidgoli et al. International Journal for Equity in Health (2018) 17:77 Page 2 of 7 than the average global suicide rates, ranging from 0.55 to Statistical analysis 5.4 per 100,000 population [16]. However, mental disor- A decomposition model, similar to Phillips [42] was used ders, such as depression and anxiety in the EMR region for the data analysis. This model was used in order to are present at a higher rate than average global level [9]. differentiate between spatial (across provinces) and tem- In Iran, suicide rates have increased from 4.4 to 5.2 poral (over time) variations in suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population from 2006 to 2010, with the lar- and to determine how socio-demographic and economic gest burden being amongst males and amongst those 20 factors associate with suicide mortality rates in these to 29 years old [12, 17]. Fatal suicide attempts were two contexts. The model is expressed as follows: higher in males, but non-fatal attempts were higher in females [18]. Around 83% of deaths by suicide in Iran yit ¼ α þ βXi þ η ðÞþxit−Xi νi þ γt þ εit are in urban areas [18] and among them 79.9% of the in- dividuals were not working (including housewives, stu- yit represents suicide mortality rate; α is the intercept; β dents or unemployed men) [19]. Suicide rates in age captures the effect of between-province differences, rep- groups are vague with evidence reporting the highest resented by province means (shown in capital letters) for suicide rates amongst 15–65 year olds [18]. a specific characteristic over the entire period; xit repre- Suicide is known to be affected by a variety of social, sent the explanatory variables for each province i and economic, political and religious factors in different pop- year t; η measures the effect of within-province changes, ulations [20–22]. Factors associated with suicide vary i.e. province-year deviations from the overall province across geographical and cultural regions. Contradictory mean. Therefore, the β coefficients show how socio- evidence shows that lower socioeconomic status can be demographic and economic factors are associated with positively or negatively associated with suicide rates de- cross-sectional change in suicide mortality rates (across pending on the location [22–32]. Similarly, certain popu- provinces) and the η coefficients show how the covari- lations have the highest suicide rates amongst the young ates associate with temporal variation in suicide mortal- [12, 24, 33] and others amongst the elderly [7, 25, 34, 35]. ity rates (over time within provinces). The model also Studies assessing associations of suicide have been carried includes a province-specific residual term, νi, which is out in many countries [21, 22, 24–30, 36–38], but handled as a random variable and allows correlation there is a need to explore the associations of suicide among observations from the same province, γt are year- within Iran. This study aims to investigate the effects specific dummy variables to capture aggregate time ef- of socio-demographic and economic factors on suicide fects that influence all provinces, and a residual error mortality rate across and within different regions in term, εit, which permits correlation over time among Iran. It specifically, assessed spatial and temporal vari- observations from the same province. The model was es- ations in suicide rate across different provinces, for a timated using maximum likelihood techniques with ro- period of 10 years (2001–2010). bust standard errors [42]. Methods Results Data and data sources Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for dependent and The data on the distribution of population by province and independents variables. Between 2001 and 2010, the year were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran [39]. mean suicide mortality rate across the 28 provinces, was Data on annual suicide mortality in each province were col- 5.47 per 100,000. The variation in suicide mortality rates lected from the published reports of the Iranian Forensic across provinces was greater than those within states Medicine Organization (IFMO) affiliated to the Judicial Au- over time, indicated by the larger spatial standard devi- thority in Iran [40]. The IFMO is responsible for recording ation compared to the temporal standard deviation. all suicide cases in a national registry. All recorded suicide There are also substantial differences in economic var- cases are certified by autopsy [41]. We then calculated the iables across and within the provinces over time. For ex- suicide rate per 100,000 people by province and year. ample, urbanization rate with standard deviation of 12 Annual province-specific data on socio-demographic and 2.3% varies considerably across provinces and over and economic variables including unemployment rate, time, respectively. divorce rate, urbanization rate, average household ex- Table 2 shows the cross-sectional and temporal varia- penditure, literacy rate, and percentage of male in popu- tions in the suicide mortality rate and the covariates be- lation were collected from the Statistical Centre of Iran tween 2001 and 2010. Detailed summary statistics for all for all 28 provinces for the study period (2001–2010). It the variables and for each province are presented in should be noted that in 2004, a province (Khorasan Additional file 1. Overall, there are substantial variations province) split in 3 provinces and we pooled data for in suicide mortality rate and covariates across the prov- these three provinces for years 2005–2010. inces in both 2001 and 2010. For example, in 2001, suicide Haghparast-Bidgoli et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Romanian Journal of Psychiatry 01/2013; XV(2); 2
    EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief: Dan PRELIPCEANU Co-editors: Dragoș MARINESCU Aurel NIREȘTEAN ASSOCIATE EDITORS Doina COZMAN Liana DEHELEAN Marieta GABOȘ GRECU Maria LADEA Cristinel ȘTEFĂNESCU Cătălina TUDOSE ROMANIAN Executive Editors: Elena CĂLINESCU Valentin MATEI STEERING COMMITTEE Vasile CHIRIȚĂ (Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Iasi) JOURNAL Michael DAVIDSON (Professor, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv Univ., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York) Virgil ENĂTESCU (Member of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Satu Mare) Ioana MICLUȚIA (UMF Cluj-Napoca) of Șerban IONESCU (Paris VIII University, Trois-Rivieres University, Quebec) Mircea LĂZĂRESCU (Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timisoara) Juan E. MEZZICH (Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Division of Psychiatric Epidemiology and International Center PSYCHIATRY for Mental Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York) Teodor T. POSTOLACHE, MD (Director, Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore) Sorin RIGA (senior researcher, Obregia Hospital Bucharest) Dan RUJESCU (Head of Psychiatric Genomics and Neurobiology and of Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munchen) Eliot SOREL (George Washington University, Washington DC) Maria GRIGOROIU-ȘERBĂNESCU (senior researcher) Tudor UDRIȘTOIU (UMF Craiova) ROMANIAN ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY WPA 2015 Bucharest International Congress 24 - 27 June • Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest Lectures WPA 2015 Bucharest International Congress 24 - 27 June • Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest Mental Health, Primary Care and the Challenge of Universal Health Coverage Michael Kidd Flinders University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Australia Objectives: Family doctors and the members of primary health care teams have the capacity to successfully diagnose and treat mental health disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 and Tele-Health, Effectiveness of Internet-Delivered
    WCRJ 2021; 8: e2043 COVID-19 AND TELE-HEALTH, EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNET-DELIVERED PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY ON IMPULSIVITY INDEX IN CHILDREN WITH NON-METASTATIC CANCER PARENTS: A PILOT RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL P. SADEGHI1, G. MIRZAEI2, F. REZA2, Z. KHANJANI2, M. GOLESTANPOUR1, Z. NABAVIPOUR3, M. DASTANBOYEH4 1Department of Psychology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Clinical Psychology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran 3Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran 4Department of Clinical Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Abstract – Objective: COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on the psychological state of society and has made the importance of planning evidence-based interventions even more apparent. Despite advances in telecommunication technologies to facilitate access to psychological care, the use of this technology in psychology has been limited and few studies have been conduct- ed in this field. The present study is the first controlled trial of applying video-teleconferencing to use parent-child interaction therapy in Iranian society. Patients and Methods: In a pilot randomized controlled trial, during May to November 2020 and from families with a mother with non-metastatic cancer, 42 parents and children with oppo- sitional defiant disorder (ODD) were selected through purposive sampling method and were as- signed into two groups of internet-delivered parent-child interaction therapy (I-PCIT) and waiting list (WL). After three weeks of baseline evaluation, twelve weekly I-PCIT sessions were presented to the experimental group in the form of video-teleconferencing based on Landers and Bratton model.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Conversations to Inform Youth Suicide Prevention
    2018 Community Conversations to Inform Youth Suicide Prevention A STUDY OF YOUTH SUICIDE IN FOUR COLORADO COUNTIES Presented to Attorney General Cynthia H. Coffman Colorado Office of the Attorney General By Health Management Associates 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................................11 Scope of the Problem........................................................................................................................................................11 Key Stakeholder Interviews...........................................................................................................................................13 Community Focus Groups.............................................................................................................................................. 17 School Policies & Procedures........................................................................................................................................27 Traditional Media & Suicide..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Suicide: a Global Imperative
    PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 1.Suicide, Attempted. 2.Suicide - prevention and control. 3.Suicidal Ideation. 4.National Health Programs. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156477 9 (NLM classification: HV 6545) © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility The designations employed and the presentation of the material in for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning arising from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving Suicide Loss
    Surviving Suicide Loss ISSUE NO 1 | SPRING 2021 | VOLUME 1 IN THIS ISSUE Letter from the Chair ………….……….……….……………….……….………. 1 AAS Survivor of the Year ……….……….…………………..……….……..…. 1 Editor’s Note ....……………………….……….……………….……….…………... 2 Surviving Suicide Loss in the Age of Covid ……….……….…………...…. 2 What the Latest Research Tells Us ……………….…….……….……………. 3 Waiting for the Fog to Clear ……………….…………………..……….…..…… 4 AAS Survivor-Related Events ……………….…..……….…………………..…. 4 In the Early Morning Hours …………………………………………………..…... 6 IN SEARCH OF NEW BEGINNINGS Letter from the Chair I clearly remember attending my first AAS conference in 2005. Six months after losing my sister, I was scared, confused, thirsty for knowledge and ever so emotional. There I met so many people who are near and dear to me today. They welcomed me, remi- nisced with me and, most of all, inspired me. On my flight back, I had many thoughts and feelings. As I am Building Community sure many of you have experienced, writing was both helpful Seeing my article made me feel a part of this community in and healing. So I wrote down my musings from the conference and when back at home, I edited the piece and sent it to Ginny the best ways, surrounded by supportive and like-minded Sparrow. minded folks. As you may remember, Ginny was the extraordinary editor of the Thus, I am happy to have a part in reviving “Surviving Suicide” print newsletter Surviving Suicide, a publication sent to AAS Loss in digital form. I hope it will be a place where all of us can Division members from approximately 1998 through 2007. share our thoughts, our news, our hopes and fears, while hon- oring our loved ones and further building our community.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide Prevention & Awareness Guide
    Suicide Prevention & Awareness Guide Suicide is a major health concern in the United States that impacts thousands of young people, their families and communities each year. In this guide you will find resources, tips and important information to help support youth at your Club. Table of Contents Definitions …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 The Facts ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Learn the Warning Signs ……………………………………………………….…………….. 2 Preventing Youth Suicide …………………………………………………………………….. 3 Helpful Resources ……………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Resources for LGBTQ Youth ………………………………………………………………… 6 Resources for Native Youth …………………………………………………………………. 7 Resources for Military Youth ……………………………………………………………….. 8 Spanish-language Resources ……………………………………………………………….. 8 Resources for Youth of Color ………………………………………………………………. 9 Resources for Youth with Disabilities ………………………………………………….. 9 References ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 1 If you or someone you know is in need of support, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 to speak with a counselor at any time. Definitions Suicide is defined as a death caused by self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior. A suicide attempt is a non-fatal, self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior. A suicide attempt might not result in injury. Suicidal ideation refers to thinking about, considering or planning suicide. Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and completed suicide. The Facts Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 10 and 24 in the United States, claiming the lives of over 6,100 young people annually.1 In the past 10 years, rates of death due to suicide among young people have more than doubled.2 Deaths from youth suicide is only part of the issue – suicide attempts and ideation are also major concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Suicidology Transforming Suicide Research and Prevention for the 21St Century
    Critical Suicidology Transforming Suicide Research and Prevention for the 21st Century Edited by Jennifer White, Ian Marsh, Michael J. Kral, and Jonathan Morris Sample Material © 2016 UBC Press © UBC Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright, www.accesscopyright.ca. 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on FSC-certified ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Critical suicidology : transforming suicide research and prevention for the 21st century / edited by Jennifer White, Ian Marsh, Michael J. Kral, and Jonathan Morris. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-7748-3029-4 (bound).—ISBN 978-0-7748-3031-7 (pdf).— ISBN 978-0-7748-3032-4 (epub) 1. Suicide. 2. Suicide—Prevention. 3. Suicide—Sociological aspects. 4. Suicidal behavior. I. White, Jennifer, editor HV6545.C75 2015 362.28 C2015-905396-X C2015-905397-8 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 www.ubcpress.ca Sample Material © 2016 UBC Press Contents Introduction: Rethinking Suicide / 1 JENNIFER WHITE, IAN MARSH, MICHAEL J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison Between the Age Patterns and Rates of Suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Australia
    Report EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 6 – 2020 A comparison between the age patterns and rates of suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Australia John Snowdon,1 Seyed Mehdi Saberi2 and Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh3,4 1Sydney Medical School and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Correspondence to: John Snowdon: [email protected]). 2Legal Medicine Research Centre, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 3Psychiatric Research Centre, Roozbeh Hospital and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 4Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Colum- bia, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract Background: When planning interventions aimed at preventing suicide, it is important to consider how socioeconomic and cultural factors may affect suicide rates. There has been variability in the accuracy of recording suicide deaths, lead- ing to varying levels of underestimation. Social, cultural and religious elements affect whether deaths resulting from suicide are reported as such and those responsible for reporting a death may avoid providing information that would suggest the death was due to suicide. Aims: The aim of this study was to document Iranian suicide patterns in 2006–2010 and 2011–2015, compare them with those in a “Western” country (Australia) and explore whether differences point to factors that affect suicide rates. Methods: Data were obtained from Iranian and Australian national statistics offices. Results: Peak Iranian male suicide rates were in young adulthood. There was a modest increase between the 2 quinquen- nials studied. Australian male rates were much higher, with age peaks in middle age and very late life. From age 30, the female rate was twice as high in Australia, graphs of the age patterns being relatively flat in both countries.
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Sánchez & Jiménez ENG VF
    Patricia Sonsoles Sánchez -Muros Digital Media and Youth Suicide: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-5511 [email protected] Analysis of Media Reporting Universidad de Granada on “Blue Whale” Case María Luisa Jiménez Rodrigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-7713 Abstract [email protected] Universidad de Granada The media play an important role in suicide prevention, which has led to the development of media guidelines for reporting on suicides. Engagement with such recommendations is analysed Submitted here. A case study has been conducted of the “Blue Whale August 19th, 2020 Approved Challenge,” an Internet “game” related to self-harm among February 23rd, 2021 adolescents, and the public alarm triggered by the related media coverage. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis was © 2021 carried out of the news stories published in Spain by the Communication & Society mainstream digital media in 2017. The findings indicate the ISSN 0214-0039 E ISSN 2386-7876 widespread presence of malpractice (sensationalist language and doi: 10.15581/003.34.3.117-133 detailed descriptions of methods), which may contribute to www.communication-society.com copycatting and indicate poor compliance with international guidelines on best practice (such as providing information on 2021 – Vol. 34(3) reliable and contextualised help resources available). These pp. 117-133 results underscore the importance of including the role and function of the media in the prevention of this public health How to cite this article: problem. Sánchez-Muros, P. S. & Jiménez Rodrigo, M. L. (2021). Digital Media Keywords and Youth Suicide: Analysis of Media Reporting on “Blue Whale” Suicide, media electronic, youth mental health, content Case.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Suicide Prevention
    15 HELPFUL RESOURCES GET INVOLVED! Youth Houston Department of Health and YOUTH SUICIDE Human Services Try to separate your emotions from your actions. http://www.houstontx.gov/health/ Understand that there are other available options. PREVENTION CDC—Suicide Prevention Tell a person that you are having suicidal thoughts. http://cdc.gov/violenceprevention/ Profile of the City of Houston & Harris County, Texas suicide Parent Never shrug off threats of suicide. Crisis Intervention of Houston YOUTH IN HOUSTON & From 2008 - 2010, the number of suicides in the U.S. has been more http://www.crisishotline.org/ Don’t let your youth’s mental health disorder snowball. than twice that of homicides.5 Suicide is the third leading cause of death 1-3 Don’t be afraid to seek professional help. HARRIS COUNTY Depression and Bipolar Support for people 15-24 years old in the U.S. and the second in the state of Tex- Alliance Houston (DBSA) If firearms are at home, they should be locked away and out of the youths Population* as for this same age group.6 In 2012 Harris County had 62 deaths by sui- http://www.dbsahouston.org/ access. Houston: 601,918 (29%) cide in youth aged 15-24 years old, the largest number in the state.7 Sui- Harris County: 1,263,889 (31%) cide is everyone’s problem and learning the warning signs of suicide and It Gets Better Project School Personnel how to respond to them appropriately can save someone’s life. Poverty http://www.Itgetsbetter.org Be alert to problems that increase suicide risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Trend of Suicide in Iran During 2009 to 2012
    Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016 December; 10(4):e4398. doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-4398. Published online 2016 October 30. Original Article Trend of Suicide in Iran During 2009 to 2012: Epidemiological Evidences from National Suicide Registration Ahmad Hajebi,1 Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl,2,* Farnoush Davoudi,3 and Raoofeh Ghayyomi2 1Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychiatric Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Psychiatry Institute, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl, M.D., Psychiatrist, No.1, Mansuri St, Niayesh Ave., Sattarkhan Ave., Tehran, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2166556862, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2015 October 08; Revised 2015 November 15; Accepted 2016 October 22. Abstract Background: Suicide behaviors cause a large portion of Disability adjusted life years worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the trend, correlations and discrepancy of registered suicide incidents in Iran from 2009 to 2012 using data from the Iranian suicide registry. Materials and Methods: Suicide registry entries throughout the country between 2009 and 2012, including suicidal attempts and suicides, were collected. Data on age, gender, occupational, marital and residential status along with suicide method, history of previous attempt and history of medical or mental disorders were registered by health service provision staff at the service centers. Geographic mapping and statistical analysis were performed. Results: Amongst the 252911 attempted suicides during the period, we found suicide attempt and suicide rate of 30.5 - 44.8 and 1.76 - 2.23 per 100000 individuals, respectively,denoting overall suicide fatality rate of 2.63%.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Suicide by Burning in Tehran, Iran
    ORIGINAL REPORT A Survey of Suicide by Burning in Tehran, Iran Fakhredin Taghaddosinejad1, Ardeshir Sheikhazadi*1, Behnam Behnoush1, Jafar Reshadati2, and Seyed Hossein Sabery Anary3 1 Department of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Doctor of Criminal Law, Judge of Tehran's Judiciary Office, Tehran, Iran 3 Health Service Management, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Received: 12 Aug. 2009; Received in revised form: 22 Sep, 2009; Accepted: 9 Oct. 2009 Abstract- To identify the characteristics of completed suicide by burning in Tehran. A retrospective analysis of data obtained from Tehran's Legal Medicine Organization and judiciary system over 5-years (from 2002 to 2006). During the 5 years, 374 decedents (64.2% female and 35.8% male) were diagnosed as suicide by self-burning, and the annual incidence rate was 0.9 per 100,000 general population-years. The most at risk group was young females. Sixty-five decedents (17.4%) had died at the scene of incidents. The location at the time of attempted suicide in all female victims and 75.4% of male decedents was home. Sixty-one percent of decedents were married and 26.2% of them had no education. Most victims were residents of suburban areas. The annual incidence rate of self-burning suicide in Tehran was found to be lower than other Iran's geographic areas, although it was higher than developed countries. Self-burning was more frequent in females than in males and was noted mainly in young age groups' residents of suburban areas with low level of education.
    [Show full text]