Government of Montenegro
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Government of Montenegro Ministry of European Integration Questionnaire Information requested by the European Commission to the Government of Montenegro for the preparation of the Opinion on the application of Montenegro for membership of the European Union I Democracy and the rule of law Minister: Gordana Djurovic Podgorica, December 2009 I Democracy and the rule of law 2 I Democracy and the rule of law TABLE OF CONTENTS POLITICAL CRITERIA....................................................................................................................5 I Democracy and the rule of law.....................................................................................................6 3 I Democracy and the rule of law 4 I Democracy and the rule of law POLITICAL CRITERIA 5 I Democracy and the rule of law I Democracy and the rule of law Constitution 1. Please provide a brief description of the constitutional and institutional situation in Montenegro. Montenegro, as the youngest member state of UN and other international, political, economic and other associations and integrations, adopted the new Constitution of Montenegro on 22 October 2007. Montenegro is an independent and sovereign state, with the republican form of government. Montenegro is a civil, democratic, ecological and the state of social justice, based on the rule of law. Bearer of sovereignty is the citizen with Montenegrin citizenship. The citizen shall exercise power directly and through the freely elected representatives. The power not stemming from the freely expressed will of the citizens in democratic election in accordance with the law, can neither be established nor recognised. The Constitution stipulates that the power shall be regulated following the principle of the division of powers into the legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power shall be exercised by the Parliament, the executive power by the Government and the judicial by courts. The power is limited by the Constitution and the law. The relationship between powers shall be based on balance and mutual control. Montenegro shall be represented by the President of Montenegro. Constitutionality and legality shall be protected by the Constitutional Court. Armed forces and security services shall be under democratic and civil control. The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also bi in the official use. Montenegro shall cooperate and develop friendly relations with other states, regional and international organizations, based on the principles and rules of international law. Montenegro may accede to international organizations. The Parliament shall decide on the manner of accession to the European Union. Montenegro shall not enter into a union with another state by which it would lose its independence and full international personality. Legislative power The Parliament shall: 1) adopt the Constitution; 2) adopt laws; 3) adopt other regulations and general acts (decisions, conclusions, resolutions, declarations and recommendations); 4) proclaim the state of war and the state of emergency; 5) adopt the Budget and the Final Statement of the Budget; 6) adopt the National Security Strategy and the Defence Strategy; 7) adopt the Development Plan and Spatial Plan Montenegro; 8) decide on the use of units of Armed Forces of Montenegro in the international forces; 9) regulate the state administration system; 10) perform supervision of the Armed Forces and security services; 6 I Democracy and the rule of law 11) call for the national referendum; 12) elect and dismiss from duty the Prime Minister and members of the Government; 13) elect and dismiss from duty the President of the Supreme Court, the President and the judges of the Constitutional Court; 14) appoint and dismiss from duty: the Supreme Public Prosecutor and Public Prosecutors; the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms (Ombudsman); the Governor of the Central Bank and members of the Council of the Central Bank of Montenegro; the President and members of the Senate of the State Audit Institution, and other officials stipulated by the law; 15) decide on immunity rights; 16) grant amnesty; 17) ratify international agreements; 18) call for public loans and decide on borrowings of Montenegro; 19) decide on the use of state property above the value stipulated by the law; 20) perform other duties stipulated by the Constitution or the Law. The Parliament shall consist of the Members of the Parliament elected directly on the basis of the general and equal electoral right and by secret ballot. The Parliament shall have 81 Members. The mandate of the Parliament shall last for four years. The mandate of the parliament may cease prior to the expiry of the period for which it was elected by dissolving it or reducing the mandate of the Parliament. If the mandate of the Parliament expires during the state of war or the state of emergency, the mandate shall be extended for the period of up to 90 days upon termination of the circumstances that have caused such state. At the proposal of the President of Montenegro, the Government or minimum 25 Members of the Parliament, the Parliament may reduce the duration of its mandate. Executive power The Government shall: a) pursues internal and foreign policy of Montenegro; b) enforce laws, other regulations and general acts; c) adopt decrees, decisions and other acts for the enforcement of laws; d) conclude international agreements; e) propose the Development Plan and Spatial Plan of Montenegro; f) propose the Budget and the Final Statement of the Budget; g) propose the National Security Strategy and the Defence Strategy; h) decide on the recognition of states and establishment of diplomatic and consular relations with other states; i) propose ambassadors and heads of diplomatic missions of Montenegro abroad; j) perform other tasks stipulated by the Constitution or the law. The Government shall consist of the Prime Minister, one or more Deputy Prime Ministers and the ministers. The Prime Minister represents the Government and manages its work. 7 I Democracy and the rule of law President of Montenegro: 1). represents Montenegro in the country and abroad; 2). commands over the Armed Forces on the basis of the decisions of the Defence and Security Council; 3). promulgate laws by decrees; 4). calls for the elections for the Parliament; 5). proposes to the Parliament: candidate for the Prime Minister, after consultations with the representatives of the political parties represented in the Parliament; President and judges of the Constitutional Court; Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms; 6). appoints and recalls ambassadors and heads of other diplomatic missions of Montenegro abroad, at the proposal of the Government and after obtaining the opinion of the Parliamentary Committee responsible for international relations; 7). accepts credential letters and letters of recall of the foreign diplomats; 8). awards medals and honours of Montenegro; 9). grants amnesty; 10). performs other tasks stipulated by the Constitution or the law. The President of Montenegro shall be elected on the basis of a general and equal electoral right, through direct and secret ballot. A Montenegrin citizen residing in Montenegro for minimum 10 years in the past 15 years may be elected for the President of Montenegro. The Speaker of the Parliament shall call for the elections for the President of Montenegro. The President of Montenegro shall be elected for the period of five years. The same person may be elected the President of Montenegro maximum two times. The President of Montenegro shall assume the duty on the date of taking an oath before the Members of the Parliament. If the mandate of the President expires during the state of war or the state of emergency, the mandate shall be extended for maximum 90 days after the end of circumstances that have caused that state. The President of Montenegro shall not perform any other public duty. The mandate of the President of Montenegro shall end with the expiry of time for which he/she was elected, by resignation, if he/she is permanently unable to perform the duty of the President and by impeachment. The President shall be held responsible for the violation of the Constitution. The procedure to determine whether the President of Montenegro has violated the Constitution shall be initiated by the Parliament, at the proposal of minimum 25 Members of the Parliament. The Parliament shall submit the proposal to initiate the procedure to the President of Montenegro for him/her to plead. The Constitutional Court shall decide on existence or non-existence of violation of the Constitution and shall publish the decision and submit it to the Parliament and the President of Montenegro without delay. The Parliament may impeach the President of Montenegro when the Constitutional Court finds that he/she has violated the Constitution. In case of cessation of mandate of the President of Montenegro, until the election of the new President, as well as in the case of temporary impediment of the President to discharge his/her duties, the Speaker of the Parliament shall discharge this duty. Judicial power The judicial power is exercised by the courts. The courts are autonomous and independent. Establishment, jurisdiction, organization, manner of work and proceedings before the courts are regulated by the law. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Montenegro and it provides for the uniform application of law by 15 Basic Courts, two High Courts, two Commercial Courts, the Appellate Court and the Administrative Court. The hearing before the court is public, judgments are pronounced publicly, and the court shall rule in panel, except when the law stipulates that an individual judge shall rule. The judicial duty is permanent and the judges enjoy functional immunity. The court shall rule on the basis of the Constitution, laws and confirmed and published international agreements. Establishment of court martial and extraordinary courts is prohibited. 8 I Democracy and the rule of law A judge and a president of the court shall be elected and dismissed from duty by the Judicial Council.