DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation Report of the Review and Assessment of the A.I.D.-Israel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation Report of the Review and Assessment of the A.I.D.-Israel Evaluation Report of the Review and Assessment of the A.I.D.-Israel Cooperative Development Program Technical Assistance and Training Activities USAID/NEAR EAST BUREAU MASHAV EVALUATION (Project No. 1707-008) Submitted to: A.I.D./Washington, CDP Project Officer And to the Director, MASHAV By: Dr. Rodney J. Fink, Team Leader Susan F. Reynolds, Human Resources Expert Dr. Shimeon Ami- (MASHAV ISRAEL Representative) MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL 600 Water Street S.W., NBU 7-7 Washington, D.C. 20024 (202) 484-7170 January, 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................... i Executive Summary ............................................... ii Major Conclusions & Recommendations................................iv Review and Assessment of the A.I.D.-Israel Cooperative Development Program Technical Assistance and Training Activities I. Introduction........................................ II. Background ....................................... 4 II1. Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations A. Program Overview...............................8 B. Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations ............. 10 Annexes I. Statement of Work....................................1 I1. Responses to Statement of Work..........................17 III. Statistical Tables Related to MASHAV/CDP Outputs Table 1 .......................................... 25 Table 2..........................................29 Table 3 '................. ........................ 30 Table 4 ......................................... 31 Table 54 ......................................... Table 6 '................. ........................ 34 Table 7 '.................. ....................... 35 IV. Institutions Providing Training for MASHAV .... ............. 36 V. Analysis of Training Programs ............................ 38 VI. Country Reports A. Nepal ........ ............................. 47 B. Thailand ....... ..................... ........ 51 C. Philippines .................................. 55 D . Kenya .............................. ....... 59 E. Malaw i .................................... 75 F. Swaziland ................................... 81 G. Caribbean Islands (Barbados, Antigua, St. Vincent, St. Lucia) . 88 H. Costa Rica...................................94 . Honduras ........ ........................... 98 1. Guatemala . .................................. 103 VII. Persons interviewed or contacted during evaluation .............. 107 VIII. Partial list of Documents reviewed during the evaluation ........... 114 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS PECULIAR TO THE COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM CDP Cooperative Development Program MASHAV Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs USAID United States Agency for International Development ICC Israel's Center for International Cooperation OTSC On The Spot Course OTSC(s) On The Spot Course(s) CINADCO Israel's Center of International Agriculture Development and Cooperation HAIGUD Israel's Society for Transfer of Technology MOSHAV Community Owned Farm in Israel CAR Central Asian Republics NIS Newly Independent States of the USSR NGO(s) Non Government Organization(s) i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In conducting this evaluation, the team has looked for indications that the MASHAV/CDP program has had, and will continue to have, an impact on development needs in countries served. The team focused on determining the quality and effectiveness of training and technical assistance provided under the program and the administrative procedures in place to implement the program. Since CDP activities arc' an integral part of the MASHAV program, the evaluation was, in fact, an evaluation of the MASHAV program. USAID and MASHAV should be pleased with the outcome of this program. ThT CDP, as part of Israel's Development Cooperation, presents an effective and efficient use of resources. Program funds go directly into either training or technical assistance activities. In FY-93, about 61 %of the CDP funding was for trainiig (44% in-Israel, 17% OTSCs) and 39% for long and short-term technical assistance (33% long-term and 6% short-term). The unofficial output in FY-93 was 1,128 person months of in-Israel training, 50 OTSCs, 28 person months of short-term, and 253 person months of long-term technical assistance (not including programs to CAR & NIS). Regarding the mar'agement of a diverse and large programs in developing countries, one should expect problems in coordination, management of courses and technical assistance in developing countries, and other logistical problems. The evaluators were impressed much more by the positive aspects of the program than by any problems encountered in the management and delivery of the program. Indeed we were not alone in our positive evaluation, as former participants of in-Israel and OTSCs overwhelmingly endorsed the effectiveness of the training they had received. Even participants who had experienced personal problems, ranked the program very high. USAID and Israel established the CDP, recognizing that in selected countries and sectors, availability of Israeli expertise could complement host country development efforts. USAID and other donor assistance programs, likewise, can be complemented by th's type of "third country" training and technical assistance. Original areas served by the CDP were Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia. Recent expansion has added Central Asia and Eastern Europe (NIS countries). USAID and Israel believed that an expansion of the availability of Israeli training and technical assistance to developing countries through the CDP, could also enhance Israel's efforts to reestablish and/or expand diplomatic and economic relations with these countries. Since the program's beginning in 1989, Israel has expanded diplomatic relations from 6 to 26 countries in Africa and from 17 to 22 in Asia and Oceania. As of Oct. 1, 1992, the date chosen to measure statistics on outputs of the program, the CDP had supported the training of 2,135 trainees in Israel, 199 OTSCs, 156 short-term consultancies, and 95 man-years of long-term technical assistance. Training recipients liked the courses because of the appropriateness to their needs, the "hands on" approach, and the emphasis on skills transmission. Trainees in Israeli courses recognized the scarcity of natural resources in Israel and learned the importance of education and the development of human resources as a basic condition for sustainable development. The channel for CDP activities in countries is through the Israeli Embassy in the countries served. Embassy staff report spending up to one-half of their time on activities related to MASHAV. The availability of courses and technical assistance has enabled Embassies to become a participant in development in the recipient country, and to enhance the Embassy and Israel's standing. Technicai assistance has provided a variety of contributions ranging from establishment of poultry cooperatives in Africa, assistance to tomato producers in Honduras, and to eye care in Malawi. The development of human resources is important not only in the courses offered but through the technical assistance which is primarily oriented to skills transfer of applied technologies. i. Major findings, conclusions, and recommendations are spelled out in the subsequent sections of this report. Major recommendations are (1) Continue the project (2) Facilitate the interaction between the Embassies and USAID Missions to improve the integration of development objectives (including training and technical assistance) (3) Create a planning and evaluation cell within MASHAV by expanding the current evaluatiun section to include the planning component (4) Increase numbers of course participants from the private sector, NGOs and women: direct more work of long-term experts toward private sector organizations. Minor Findings and Recommendations addresses many issues associated with training and technical assistance implementation, training methodologies, participant selection, placement of long-term experts and other operational components of the MASHAV program. For expansion of activities in the CAR and Eastern Europe, MASHAV should consider placing a coordinator in the region to help Embassies monitor and facilitate the current on-going operations, especially in the CAR. The introduction of a "Farmer to Farmer" program is suggested as a next step for sharing Israel's expertise with the countries of the NIS. The "Farmer to Farmer" program could also be a productive addition to the overall MASHAV program (not only for the NIS). £i5. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The major conclusions and recommendations presented below are listed in order of priority in terms of their relative need for implementation. 1. Continuation of the COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (See III of the Findings, Condlusions, & Recommendations Section) Conclusions: The Cooperative Development Program enables Israel to extend training and technical assistance to selected countries throughout the world. Thp Israeli expertise and experience has been of significant assistance to the efforts of developing countries trying to improve agriculture, environment/natural resource management, social development, and other areas of focus in their efforts to advance human resource development. Recommendation: In order to keep Israel's training and technical assistance available to selected countries and sectors worldwide, the Cooperative Development Program should be continued and gradually expanded to meet the needs of CAR and Eastern
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility
    Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility Africa Program Working Paper Series Gilbert M. Khadiagala OCTOBER 2008 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: Elderly women receive ABOUT THE AUTHOR emergency food aid, Agok, Sudan, May 21, 2008. ©UN Photo/Tim GILBERT KHADIAGALA is Jan Smuts Professor of McKulka. International Relations and Head of Department, The views expressed in this paper University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South represent those of the author and Africa. He is the co-author with Ruth Iyob of Sudan: The not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Elusive Quest for Peace (Lynne Rienner 2006) and the welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit editor of Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes of a well-informed debate on critical Region (Lynne Rienner 2006). policies and issues in international affairs. Africa Program Staff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser IPI owes a great debt of thanks to the generous contrib- Mashood Issaka, Senior Program Officer utors to the Africa Program. Their support reflects a widespread demand for innovative thinking on practical IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor solutions to continental challenges. In particular, IPI and Ellie B. Hearne, Publications Officer the Africa Program are grateful to the government of the Netherlands. In addition we would like to thank the Kofi © by International Peace Institute, 2008 Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, which All Rights Reserved co-hosted an authors' workshop for this working paper series in Accra, Ghana on April 11-12, 2008. www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen . i Introduction. 1 Key Challenges .
    [Show full text]
  • A Foreign Policy Determined by Sitting Presidents: a Case
    T.C. ANKARA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINED BY SITTING PRESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA FROM INDEPENDENCE TO DATE PhD Thesis MIRIAM KYOMUHANGI ANKARA, 2019 T.C. ANKARA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINED BY SITTING PRESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA FROM INDEPENDENCE TO DATE PhD Thesis MIRIAM KYOMUHANGI SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Çınar ÖZEN ANKARA, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ i ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... iv FIGURES ................................................................................................................... vi PHOTOS ................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE UGANDA’S JOURNEY TO AUTONOMY AND CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM I. A COLONIAL BACKGROUND OF UGANDA ............................................... 23 A. Colonial-Background of Uganda ...................................................................... 23 B. British Colonial Interests .................................................................................. 32 a. British Economic Interests .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Il Volo Air France 139 E Il Raid Di Entebbe: Implicazioni Securitarie E Diplomatiche
    Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche Cattedra di Storia Contemporanea IL VOLO AIR FRANCE 139 E IL RAID DI ENTEBBE: IMPLICAZIONI SECURITARIE E DIPLOMATICHE RELATORE Prof.ssa Vera Capperucci CANDIDATO Pierluigi Barberini 078852 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2017 – 2018 INDICE Introduzione Capitolo 1 – Il dirottamento del volo Air France 139 e i fatti di Entebbe 1.1 Israele: dalla fondazione agli anni ‘70 1.2 Giorno 1: domenica 27 giugno 1976 1.3 Giorno 2: lunedì 28 giugno 1976 1.4 Giorno 3: martedì 29 giugno 1976 1.5 Giorno 4: mercoledì 30 giugno 1976 1.6 Giorno 5: giovedì 1° luglio 1976 1.7 Giorno 6: venerdì 2 luglio 1976 1.8 Giorno 7: sabato 3 luglio 1976 1.9 Giorno 8: domenica 4 luglio 1976 Capitolo 2 – Il raid israeliano ad Entebbe: preparazione ed esecuzione 2.1 Caratteristiche generali di un’operazione di salvataggio 2.1.1 Introduzione 2.1.2 Pianificare un’operazione di salvataggio 2.1.3 Peculiarità di una situazione con presa di ostaggi 2.1.4 L’operazione di salvataggio come azione di natura politica 2.2 Pianificazione del raid 2.2.1 La complessa fase di pianificazione del raid 2.2.2 Il ruolo dell’intelligence e la fase di “information gathering” 2.3 Esecuzione e analisi del raid 2.3.1 La missione di salvataggio: approccio, assalto ed esfiltrazione 2.3.2 Il raid di Entebbe: l’approccio 2.3.3 Il raid di Entebbe: l’assalto 2.3.4 Il raid di Entebbe: l’esfiltrazione 2.4 Conclusione Appendice 1 Capitolo 3 – Idi Amin Dada e le relazioni tra Israele e Uganda 3.1 Introduzione 3.2 Relazioni tra Israele e Uganda negli anni ‘60 3.3 Il colpo di stato di Idi Amin 3.4 Idi Amin e Israele: dalla luna di miele iniziale alla fine dei rapporti tra i due Paesi 3.5 Conclusione Conclusioni Bibliografia 2 INTRODUZIONE Il presente lavoro si propone di descrivere e analizzare uno dei principali dirottamenti aerei nell’intera storia dell’aviazione: le vicende del volo Air France 139 del 1976.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam, Politics, and Violence on the Kenya Coast Justin Willis, Hassan Mwakimako
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication Islam, Politics, and Violence on the Kenya Coast Justin Willis, Hassan Mwakimako To cite this version: Justin Willis, Hassan Mwakimako. Islam, Politics, and Violence on the Kenya Coast. [Research Report] 4, Sciences Po Bordeaux; IFRA - Nairobi, Kenya; Observatoire des Enjeux Politiques et Sécuritaires dans la Corne de l’Afrique - Les Afriques dans le monde / Sciences po Bordeaux. 2014. halshs-02465228 HAL Id: halshs-02465228 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02465228 Submitted on 3 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Observatoire des Enjeux Politiques et Sécuritaires dans la Corne de l’Afrique Hassan MWAKIMAKO & Justin WILLIS Hassan Mwakimako is Associate Professor of Islamic Studies at Pwani University, Kenya. His research interest is on the interface between Islam and its relations with the State in colonial and post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa. Justin Willis is Professor in History at Durham University in the UK. He has been involved in research on the modern history of the Kenya coast since the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking the Spread of Islam in Eastern and Southern Africa*
    A S^N AND AFRICAN STUDES, 79, 2010, 1, 134-167 RETHINKING THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA* Viera PAWLIKOVÁ-VILHANOVÁ, Institute of Oriental Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected] The process of Islamic expansion up-country, away from the Iong Islamised towns of the East African coast, only began in the nineteenth-century. Islam advanced slowly and gradually along a network of caravan routes through trading contacts with some African peoples, spread by ordinary adherents, Kiswahili-speaking merchants, who penetrated the interior of Eastern Africa in search of ivory and slaves. Economic and trading interests and activities also played a role in the spread of Islam at the southernmost tip of the African continent. Many slaves and political prisoners sent to the Cape during the period 1652 to 1795 were Muslims. Even though the idea of a comparison between Eastern and Southern Africa may arouse contradictory reactions among students of Islam, an attempt will be made at an appraisal of similarities and differences in the spread of Islam, Islam’s contribution to literacy, education and intellectual development, and challenges lslam had to face under colonialism. Key words: Islam, origins, expansion, slave trade, slavery, colonialism. Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Islamic civilisation, Arabic script, language, education, literacy * The study is based on a paper presented at the International Symposium on ‘Islamic Civilisation in Southern Africa’, which took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, on 1 - 3 September 2006. A short, condensed version was published as Similarities and Differences in the Spread of Islam: East and South Africa Compared, In Annual Review ofIslam in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Politics in Kenya
    6 Current Issues I S I M NEWSLETTER 1 1 / 0 2 East Africa ARY E OD ED Islam and Politics Since independence there is widespread grievance among Kenyan Muslims who feel that the mainly Christian regime treats them as second-class citizens and discriminates against them economically and po- in Kenya litically. The government, for its part, has fears that the influence of some foreign and local radical Mus- lims could disrupt peace and security in Kenya. The tions, there were 30 Muslim MPs out of 210 the IPK on the grounds that it was a reli- the regime. The government shut down 1992Ð1994 Muslim disturbances along the coast, the MPs (14.2 per cent). gious political party and thus violated the several Muslim NGOs and deported some twin bombings of the US embassies in Nairobi and There have been other concessions that principle of the separation of church and non-indigenous workers who were suspect- Dar-es-Salaam in 1998, and the recent bombing of a the government has made since indepen- state. At this stage, the IPK's demand for ed of links with radical Middle Eastern orga- tourist hotel in Mombasa for which al-Q aci d a h a s dence to gain Muslim support, especially in recognition won wide support from Mus- nizations, on the grounds that they posed a claimed responsibility intensify these fears. Never- periods of municipal, parliamentary, and lims, both from the coastal strip and from threat to security. The Muslim community theless the vast majority of Kenyan Muslims are mod- presidential elections, when the political other parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Are Competing with Man in All Domains Including Politics
    Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages English Section Magister Thesis In African Civilisation Islam and Christianity in Uganda (1840’s – 1900’s) Presented by: Supervised by: TEGUIA Cherif Pr. LAHOUEL B. Members of the Jury: - Dr. B. Belmekki – President - Dr. A. Bahous – Examiner - Dr. L. Moulfi – Examiner Academic Year 2010/2011 On this special day, I wish you were here with us sharing this important moment of my life. On this special day, I wish you were here with us to thank you for encouraging me. On this special day, I wish you were here with us so that my mother’s happiness would be complete. On this special day I wish you were here with us to show you that all the sacrifices you made for us; your nephews and nieces, paid off. Unfortunately, this can never happen. Your sudden departure left us with a deep void impossible to fill. Since that horrible day, life became tasteless. You were more than an uncle, you were like a father to us and now you are gone forever. Dear uncle, On this special day I raise my hands to God and hope He would grant you His mercy and give us the courage to carry on life without you by our sides. To God we belong and to Him we return. i First of all, I would like to dedicate this work to my family for their warm support. To my beloved parents who have always been there for me with their love and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel and Ethiopia: from a Special to a Pragmatic Relationship by Michael B. Bishku
    Conflict Quarterly Israel and Ethiopia: From a Special to a Pragmatic Relationship by Michael B. Bishku INTRODUCTION From the mid-1950s to 1967, Israel enjoyed very good relations with numerous countries throughout Subsaharan Africa. Africa provided fertile ground for economic and military cooperation that brought political dividends to Israel. The Jewish state sought diplomatic support and/or strategic advantage in its ongoing conflict with its Arab neighbors, while the African states, almost all newly independent, sought military and economic assistance and technological know- how. During these years, Egypt was Israel's only rival for influence on the African continent. As a result of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Israel occupied Egypt's Sinai peninsula, an action which damaged the Jewish state's relations with the countries of Subsaharan Africa, but with the exception of Guinea, did not result in the latter's severing of diplomatic ties. However, it was the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the subsequent rise in the price of oil, a commodity in large supply in certain parts of the Arab world, that had the greatest impact on Israel's relations with Subsaharan Africa. In a show of Third World solidarity, 20 African countries, including Ethiopia, joined 8 others which had done so beginning in early 1972 and severed formal ties with the Jewish state between 8 October and 12 November 1973.1 Israel, however, was able to maintain some low-key relations.2 (Mauritius belatedly joined its African brethren in 1976, but Lesotho, Malawi and Swaziland kept company with South Africa in maintain­ ing formal ties with Israel.) During the 1980s, following Egypt's conclusion of a peace treaty with Israel and the latter's withdrawal from the Sinai, some African states began to restore formal relations with the Jewish state.
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Qa'ida's (Mis)Adventures in the Horn of Africa
    Foreword The United States will continue to lead an expansive international effort in pursuit of a two-pronged vision: 1) The defeat of violent extremism as a threat to our way of life as a free and open society; and 2) The creation of a global environment inhospitable to violent extremists and all who support them.1 — President Bush September 2006 In February 2006, the Combating Terrorism Center released Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa’ida’s Organizational Vulnerabilities. Its authors analyzed declassified internal al-Qa’ida documents captured during operations in support of the Global War on Terror and maintained on the Department of Defense’s Harmony Database. These declassified documents, which are corroborated by multiple open source materials, provide evidence that al-Qa’ida struggles with many of the same issues and challenges that all organizations in the private and public sectors confront. The Combating Terrorism Center recommended that effective strategies to defeat al-Qa’ida and likeminded groups should include measures that leverage and heighten their dysfunctional structure, competition, and behavior. In Al-Qa’ida’s (Mis)Adventures in the Horn of Africa, the Combating Terrorism Center’s team of area experts and terrorism scholars analyzed al-Qa’ida’s attempts to establish bases of operations and recruit followers in the Horn of Africa. According to a new set of recently declassified documents from the Harmony Database, al-Qa’ida operatives encountered significant problems as they ventured into the foreign lands of the Horn. The environment was far more inhospitable than they anticipated. The same conditions that make it difficult, or in many cases impossible, for state authorities to exert control in this region—poor infrastructure, scarce resources, competition with tribal and other local authority structures—were significant problems for al-Qa’ida as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 1996 Vol.3
    Helping .Cost Jenish Communities 1211 Ballard Strcet Sllver SPdng' MD 2C!t1O I{ularru TEL: 3a1{t1'5679 'all of us' FA)C :l01-6t1-15t7 Spring 1996 Vol.3. No. 1 Everything You've Wanted Sweet Anticipation To Know About In Uganda The Sephardic Diaspora By Mafthew S. Meyer By Joe Hantman (Editor's note: With this article, Kulanu's travelers are iust now So many of the renascent and potentially renascent Jewish learning about some ol the preparations made for their mission communities with which Kulanu has been interacting are of to Uganda in June 1995.) Sephardic origin, it is appropriate to present a brief overview of Jokes and laughter flew like an eagle in the hut next to the origins and history ot the Jews of Spain and Portugal. Moses Synagogue on the night of Wednesday, June 14, 1995. From their earliest history Jews and Jewish communities Enos tried to do a little Hebrew improvisation. One of about 500 existed along the shores of the Mediterranean. In Spain they native Alricans practicing Judaism in a village outside Mbale, appeared lirst as trading outposts and later as well seltled Uganda, the young boy forgot his lines. Gershom Sizomu, the communities, engaging in agriculture, trade, and crafts. Their youth leader who wrote the play about the community's founder, religious identity was maintained by ongoing communication with sighed in frustration. Everyone laughed and Gershom smiled, a Jewish institutions in Jerusalem and Babylon. Both the Greek little nervously. Enos tried to perfect his Hebrew. He had historian Strabo (born in 63 B.C.E.) and the Roman statesman performed the play many times belore for his community.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Western Culture Among the Contemporary
    ISLAM AND WESTERN CULTURE AMONG THE CONTEMPORARY SWAHILI OF MOMBASA ISLAND: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN TWO CONFLICTING CULTURES BY HASSAN THABIT MOHAMMED C50/P/9110/04 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS AT UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI OCTOBER, 2014 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. No part of this project may be reproduce without the prior consent of the author or University of Nairobi …………………………… ………………………. Hassan, Thabit Mohammed Date C50/P/9110/04 This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors. …………………………… ………………………. Dr. Abdulkadir Hashim Date Department of Philosophy and Religious studies …………………………… ………………………. Dr. Constantine Mwikamba Date Department of Philosophy and Religious studies ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my two late beloved parents Father, Muhammad Hassan (d. 1980) and Mother Khadija Ali alias Momo (d.1994) both believers in the importance of Islamic and secular Education iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, The Most Merciful. May His peace and blessings be upon His Messenger Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). I wish to express my deepest gratitude for people and institutions who contributed to the success of this research paper. Foremost, I wish to express my thanks to the authorities of University of Nairobi for enabled me complete my work in this renowned world class institution of higher learning. I salute my two esteemed supervisors Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam in Kenya and Tanzania
    ISLAM IN TANZANIA AND KENYA: ALLY OR THREAT IN THE WAR ON TERROR? Maj Jodi Vittori and Kristin Bremer 2009 INSS RESEARCH PAPER US AIR FORCE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES USAF ACADEMY, COLORADO ISLAM IN TANZANIA AND KENYA: ALLY OR THREAT IN THE WAR ON TERROR? By Maj Jodi Vittori and Kristin Bremer* 2009 OVERVIEW This paper explores the historical emergence of Islam in East Africa, details the political background of Tanzania and Kenya, the role of Islam in each country, and US foreign policy in the region. The recent US strategy of intelligence-sharing with Kenya, training and military support to both Kenya and Tanzania, and air strikes in Somalia are assessed. In addition to the current military emphasis, the US should incorporate more ―soft‖ options, such as the promotion of democratic governance in these nascent democracies through political assistance in constitutional, judicial, and law-enforcement reform, as well as encouraging the inclusion of Muslims in the political system. Introduction The US turned its foreign policy focus toward East Africa in the wake of the 1998 Embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and increased its interest following the September 11, 2001 attacks on United States soil. Subsequent terrorist actions in Kenya in 2002 led the US to realize that East Africa could potentially become a breeding ground for al Qaeda, and the Horn of Africa has therefore remained a focal point of United States counterterrorism policies as part of President Bush’s stated dual foreign policy goals: the ―War on Terror‖ and the promotion of democracy. Given the continued importance of the Horn of Africa, as well as its continued instability, the upcoming Obama administration will have to maintain a similar focus on the region.
    [Show full text]