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Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Data Buoy Center

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Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Data Buoy Center PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL DATA BUOY CENTER January 2018 Programmatic Environmental Assessment for NDBC Operations TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... ES-1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 NDBC Program ............................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1-2 1.1.2 The Importance of NDBC ...................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 NDBC Operations .................................................................................................. 1-5 1.2 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................ 1-21 1.3 Programmatic Scope.................................................................................................... 1-22 1.3.1 Concept of a Programmatic Environmental Assessment...................................... 1-22 1.3.2 Tiering Subsequent Analyses ............................................................................... 1-23 1.3.3 NDBC NEPA Decision Process ........................................................................... 1-23 1.3.4 Project-Specific Analysis ..................................................................................... 1-23 1.3.5 Scope of PEA ....................................................................................................... 1-25 1.4 Additional Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations..................................... 1-25 1.5 Public Involvement...................................................................................................... 1-26 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Facility-based Operations at Stennis Space Center ................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Marine and Coastal Operations .............................................................................. 2-2 2.2 No Action Alternative ................................................................................................... 2-6 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................ 3-3 3.1.1 Applicable Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders ........................................... 3-3 3.1.2 Physical Resources Common to All Regions ......................................................... 3-6 3.1.3 Stennis Space Center .............................................................................................. 3-7 3.1.4 Northeast Region .................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.5 Mid-Atlantic Region ............................................................................................ 3-10 3.1.6 Southeast Region .................................................................................................. 3-12 3.1.7 Gulf of Mexico Region ........................................................................................ 3-14 3.1.8 Caribbean/Tropical Atlantic Region..................................................................... 3-17 3.1.9 Great Lakes Region .............................................................................................. 3-18 3.1.10 Central Pacific Region.......................................................................................... 3-20 3.1.11 Western Pacific Region ........................................................................................ 3-21 3.1.12 Gulf of Alaska Region.......................................................................................... 3-25 3.1.13 Northwest Region................................................................................................. 3-28 3.1.14 California Region ................................................................................................. 3-29 i Programmatic Environmental Assessment for NDBC Operations 3.2 Biological Resources ................................................................................................... 3-31 3.2.1 Applicable Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders ......................................... 3-31 3.2.2 Biological Resources Common to All Regions .................................................... 3-35 3.2.3 Stennis Space Center ............................................................................................ 3-36 3.2.4 Northeast Region .................................................................................................. 3-37 3.2.5 Mid-Atlantic Region ............................................................................................ 3-40 3.2.6 Southeast Region .................................................................................................. 3-43 3.2.7 Gulf of Mexico Region ........................................................................................ 3-47 3.2.8 Caribbean/Tropical Atlantic Region..................................................................... 3-50 3.2.9 Great Lakes Region .............................................................................................. 3-52 3.2.10 Central Pacific Region.......................................................................................... 3-54 3.2.11 Western Pacific Region ........................................................................................ 3-57 3.2.12 Gulf of Alaska Region.......................................................................................... 3-60 3.2.13 Northwest Region................................................................................................. 3-63 3.2.14 California Region ................................................................................................. 3-67 3.3 Cultural Resources....................................................................................................... 3-71 3.3.1 Applicable Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders ......................................... 3-71 3.3.2 Cultural Resources Common to All Regions ....................................................... 3-72 3.3.3 Stennis Space Center ............................................................................................ 3-73 3.3.4 Northeast Region .................................................................................................. 3-73 3.3.5 Mid-Atlantic Region ............................................................................................ 3-74 3.3.6 Southeast Region .................................................................................................. 3-74 3.3.7 Gulf of Mexico Region ........................................................................................ 3-75 3.3.8 Caribbean/Tropical Atlantic Region..................................................................... 3-75 3.3.9 Great Lakes Region .............................................................................................. 3-76 3.3.10 Central Pacific Region.......................................................................................... 3-76 3.3.11 Western Pacific Region ........................................................................................ 3-77 3.3.12 Gulf of Alaska Region.......................................................................................... 3-78 3.3.13 Northwest Region................................................................................................. 3-79 3.3.14 California Region ................................................................................................. 3-79 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ........................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................ 4-2 4.1.1 Physical Resources ................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.2 Biological Resources .............................................................................................. 4-6 4.1.3 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................. 4-9 4.2 No Action Alternative ................................................................................................. 4-11 4.3 Best Management Practices and Mitigation Measures ................................................ 4-12 4.4 Summary of Potential Impacts .................................................................................... 4-13 ii Programmatic Environmental Assessment for NDBC Operations 5. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 5.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Actions........................................... 5-1 5.1.1 U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System® Program.............................................. 5-1
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