The Work of Holmes Rolston, Iii: Abbreviated Bibliography

Home , Charles Birch, Holmes Rolston III, Ian Barbour, John Polkinghorne

THE WORK OF HOLMES ROLSTON, III: ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Biology, Ethics, and the Origins of Life. (Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1995). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1997). Edited anthology from Conference on Biology, Ethics, and the Origins of Life, held at Colorado State University, September 1991. Contributors: Thomas R. Cech, Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan, Niles Eldredge, Michael Ruse, Francisco J. Ayala, Langdon Gilkey, Charles Birch. Philosophy Gone Wild (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1986). 269 pages. A collection of essays in environmental ethics. Paperbound edition 1989. Science and Religion—A Critical Survey (New York: Random House, 1987; McGraw-Hill, 1989; Harcourt Brace, 1997). 358 pages. (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, hardbound, 1987). (Ft. Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College, 1997). Reissued with new introduction: Philadelphia Templeton Foundation Press 2006. Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988). 400 pages. Paperbound edition, 1989. Conserving Natural Value (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994). Published in electronic format by Columbia University Press Online Books, 1997. Genes, Genesis and God: Values and their Origins in Natural and Human History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999) Gifford Lectures, University of Edinburgh, 1997–1998.

ARTICLES BY TOPIC AREA

Value theory “Is There an Ecological Ethic?” Ethics: An International Journal of Social and Political Philosophy 85(1975):93–109. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Values in Nature,” Environmental Ethics 3(1981):113–128. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Are Values in Nature Subjective or Objective?” Environmental Ethics 4(1982):125–151. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Values Gone Wild,” Inquiry 26(1983):181–207. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Human Standing in Nature, The: Fitness in the Moral Overseer.” In Wayne Sumner, Donald Callen, and Thomas Attig, eds., Values and Moral Standing (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Studies in Applied Philosophy, 1986), vol. 8, pp. 90–101. “Disvalues in Nature,” The Monist 75(1992):250–278. “Biophilia, Selfish Genes, Shared Values.” In Stephen R. Kellert and Edward O. Wilson, eds., The Biophilia Hypothesis: A Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry (Washington: Island Press, 1993), pages 381–414. “Value in Nature and the Nature of Value.” In Robin Attfield and Andrew Belsey, eds., Philosophy and the Natural Environment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pages 13–30. Royal Institute of Philosophy, Annual Supplement Volume. “Can and Ought We to Follow Nature?” Environmental Ethics 1(1979):7–30. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Nature, the Genesis of Value, and Human Understanding,” Environmental Values 6(1997):361–364.

269 270 ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Naturalizing Values: Organisms and Species.” In Louis P. Pojman, ed., Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and Application, 3rd ed. (Belmont CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 2001), pages 76–86.

Reason and emotion in ethics “Hewn and Cleft from this Rock,” Main Currents in Modern Thought 27(1971):79–83. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild as “Meditation at Precambian Contact.” “Pasqueflower, The,” Natural History (Magazine of the American Museum of Natural History) 88 (no. 4, April 1979): 6–16. Reprinted in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Nature and Human Emotions.” In Fred D. Miller, Jr., and Thomas W. Attig, eds., Understanding Human Emotions (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Studies in Applied Philosophy, 1979), volume 1, pages 89–96. Reprinted in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Lake Solitude: The Individual in Wildness,” Main Currents in Modern Thought 31(1975):121–126. Reprinted in Philosophy Gone Wild.

Theology and the environment “Community: Ecological and Ecumenical.” In The Iliff Review 30(1973):3–14 (Iliff Theological Seminary, Denver). “Wildlife and Wildlands: A Christian Perspective.” In Dieter T. Hessel, ed., After Nature’s Revolt: Eco- justice and Theology. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992), pages 122–143. First published in Church and Society 80 (no. 4, March/April 1990):16–40. “Creation and Recreation: Environmental Benefits and Human Leisure.” In B. L. Driver, Perry J. Brown, and George L. Peterson, eds., Benefits of Leisure (State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc., 1991), pages 393–403. “Does Nature Need To Be Redeemed?” Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 29(1994):205–229. Also in Horizons in Biblical Theology 14 (no. 2, 1993):143–172. “Environmental Ethics: Some Challenges for Christians.” In Harlan Beckley, ed., The Annual: Society of Christian Ethics (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1993), pages 163–186. “Creation: God and Endangered Species.” In Ke Chung Kim and Robert D. Weaver, eds., Biodiversity and Landscape (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pages 47–60. “Bible and Ecology, The,” Interpretation: Journal of Bible and Theology 50(1996):16–26. “Ecological Spirituality,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 18(1997):59–64. “Evolutionary History and Divine Presence,” Theology Today (Princeton) 55(1998):415–434. “Kenosis and Nature.” In John Polkinghorne, John, ed., The Work of Love: Creation as Kenosis (London: SPCK, 2001 and Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001), pages 43–65. “Religion and Values” In J. Wentzel Vrede Van Huyssteen, Editor-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, volume 2 (New York: Macmillan Reference), pages 722–724. “Naturalizing and Systematizing Evil.” In Willem B. Drees, ed., Is Nature Ever Evil? Religion, Science and Value (London: Routledge, 2003), pages 67–86. “Caring for Nature: From Fact to Value, from Respect to Reverence,” Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 39 (no. 2, 2004):277–302.

Environmental aesthetics “Beauty and the Beast: Aesthetic Appreciation of Wildlife.” In D. J. Decker and G. Goff, Valuing Wildlife Resources: Economic and Social Perspectives (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987), pages 187–207. “Does Aesthetic Appreciation of Landscapes Need to be Science-Based?” British Journal of Aesthetics 35(1995):374–386. “Landscape from Eighteenth Century to the Present.” Volume 3. In Michael Kelly, ed., Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, volume 3 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) pages 93–99 . “Aesthetic Experience in Forests,” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 56(1998):157–166. “Aesthetics in the Swamps,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine (University of Chicago; Johns Hopkins University) 43(2000):584–597. ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 271

“From Beauty to Duty: Aesthetics of Nature and Environmental Ethics.” In Arnold Berleant, ed., Environment and the Arts: Perspectives on Environmental Aesthetics (Aldershot, Hampshire and Burlington, VT: UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2002), pages 127–141.

Natural resource policy “Beyond Recreational Value: The Greater Outdoors.” In Laura B. Szwak, ed., Americans Outdoors: A Literature Review (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1987). Paper commissioned by President’s Commission on Americans Outdoors. “Values Deep in the Woods,” American Forests 94, nos. 5 & 6 (May/June 1988): 66–69. “Human Values and Natural Systems,” Society and Natural Resources 1(1988):271–283. “Biology Without Conservation: An Environmental Misfit and Contradiction in Terms.” In David Western and Mary C. Pearl, eds., Conservation for the Twenty-first Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pages 232–240. “Forest Ethic and Multivalue Forest Management, A,” co-authored with James Coufal, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, Journal of Forestry 89(no. 4, 1991):35–40. “Using Water Naturally,” Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado, Western Water Policy Project, Discussion Series Paper No. 9, 1991. “Fishes in the Desert—Paradox and Responsibility.” In W. L. Minckley and James E. Deacon, eds., Battle Against Extinction: Native Fish/Management in the American West (Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1991), pages 93–108. “Wilderness Idea Reaffirmed, The,” Environmental Professional 13(1991):370–377. Reprinted in Lori Gruen and Dale Jamieson, eds., Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental Philosophy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 265–278. “Nature, Spirit, and Land Management.” In Beverly L. Driver, Daniel Dustin, Tony Baltic, Gary Eisner, and George Peterson, eds., Nature and the Human Spirit: Toward an Expanded Land Management Ethic (State College, PA: Venture Publishing Co., 1996). Anthology published by a U.S. Forest Service task force, pages 17–24. “What Is Responsible Management of Private Rangeland?” In Larry D. White, ed., Private Property Rights and Responsibilities of Rangeland Owners and Managers (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1995), pages 39–49. “Restoration.” In Willian Throop, ed., Environmental Restoration (Amherst, NY: Humanity Books, Promethus Press, 2000), pages 127–132.

National parks “Biology and Philosophy in Yellowstone,” Biology and Philosophy 5(1990):241–258. “Yellowstone: We Must Allow It To Change,” High Country News 23 (no. 10, June 3, 1991):12–13. “Life and the Nature of Life—in Parks.” In David Harmon and Allen D. Putney, eds., The Full Value of Parks: From the Economic to the Intangible (Lanham. MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003), pages 103–113.

Endangered species, biodiversity, and wildlife “Duties to Endangered Species,” BioScience 35(1985):718–726. Reprinted in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Duties to Ecosystems.” In J. Baird Callicott, ed. Companion to a Sand County Almanac (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987), pages 246–274. “On Behalf of Bioexuberance,” Garden 11, no. 4 (July/August 1987): 2–4, 31–32. Reprinted in The Trumpeter (Canada) 5, no. 1 (Winter 1988):26–29. “The Nonhuman Dimensions in Wildlife,” Human Dimensions in Wildlife, 8, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 6–8. “Treating Animals Naturally?” Between the Species 5(1989):131–137. “Endangered Species and Biodiversity: Ethical Issues.” In Warren T. Reich, ed. Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Revised Edition (New York: Macmillan Library Reference, Simon and Schuster, 1995), pages 671–675. 272 ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

“The Moral Case for Saving Species,” Defenders: The Conservation Magazine of Defenders of Wildlife 73 (no. 3, Summer 1998):10. “Duties to Wild Animals,” In Marc Bekoff and Carron A. Meaney, eds., Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998), pages 362–364. “Biodiversity and Endangered Species.” In Dale Jamieson, ed., A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001), pages 402–415. “In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation: Philosophical and Ethical Concerns.” In Edward O. Guerrant, Jr., Kathy Havens, and Mike Maunder, eds. Ex Situ Plant Conservtion: Supporting Species in the Wild. Society for Ecological Restoration International and Center for Plant Conservation (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004), pages 21–39.

Environment, business, law “Just Environmental Business.” In Tom Regan, ed., Just Business: New Introductory Essays in Business Ethics (New York: Random House, 1984). Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Valuing Wildlands,” Environmental Ethics 7(1985):23–48. Also published in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Engineers, Butterflies, Worldviews,” The Environmental Professional 9(1987):295–301. “Property Rights and Endangered Species,” University of Colorado Law Review 61(1990):283–306. “Life in Jeopardy on Private Property.” In Kathryn A. Kohm, ed., Balancing on the Brink of Extinction: The Endangered Species Act and Lessons for the Future (Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 1991), pages 43–61. “Whose Woods These Are. Are Genetic Resources Private Property or Global Commons?” Earthwatch, vol. 12, no. 3 (March/April 1993): 17–18. “Enforcing Environmental Ethics: Civic Law and Natural Value.” In James P. Sterba, ed., Social and Political Philosophy: Contemporary Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2001), pages 349–369.

International environmental ethics “Can the East Help the West to Value Nature?” Philosophy East and West 37(1987):172–190. “Respect for Life: Can Zen Buddhism Help in Forming an Environmental Ethic?” In Zen Buddhism Today, No. 7, September 1989, pp. 11–30. Annual Report of the Kyoto Zen Symposium, Kyoto Seminar for Religious Philosophy, Institute for Zen Studies, Hanazono College and Kyoto University. “Science-Based vs. Traditional Cultural Values in a Global Ethic.” In J. Ronald Engel and Joan Engel, eds., Ethics of Environment and Development. (London: Belhaven Press and Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1990), pages 63–72. “Environmental Protection and an Equitable International order: Ethics after the Earth Summit.” In Donald A. Brown, compiler, Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Conference Held at the United Nations on the Ethical Dimensions of the United Nations Program on Environmental and Development, Agenda 21 (Camp Hill, PA: Earth Ethics Research Group, 1994), pages 267–284. “People, Population, Prosperity, and Place.” In Noel J. Brown and Pierre Quibler, eds., Ethics and Agenda 21: Moral Implications of a Global Consensus (New York: United Nations Publications, United Nations Environment Programme, 1994), pages 35–38. “Environmental Protection and an Equitable International Order: Ethics after the Earth Summit,” Business Ethics Quarterly 5(1995):735–752. “Global Environmental Ethics: A Valuable Earth.” In Richard L. Knight and Sara F. Bates, eds., A New Century for Natural Resources Management (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995), pages 349–366. “Feeding People versus Saving Nature.” In William Aiken and Hugh LaFollette, eds., World Hunger and Morality, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996), pages 248–267. “Nature and Culture in Environmental Ethics.” In Klaus Brinkmann, ed., Ethics: The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, vol. 1 (Bowling Green, Ohio: Philosophy Documentation Center, 1999), pages 151–158. ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 273

“Justifying Sustainable Development: A Continuing Ethical Search,” Global Dialogue (Centre for World Dialogue, Nicosia, Cyprus) 4(1) 2002:103–113. Science and religion “Methods in Scientific and Religious Inquiry,” Zygon 16(1981):29–63. “Joining Science and Religion.” In Robert John Russell, William R. Stoeger, and George V. Coyne, eds., John Paul II on Science and Religion: Reflections on the New View from Rome Rome: (Vatican City State: Vatican Observatory Foundation, 1990; in U.S.: University of Notre Dame Press, pages 83–94. “Religion in an Age of Science; Metaphysics in an Age of History,” commissioned longer critical review of Ian Barbour, Religion in an Age of Science: The Gifford Lectures, vol. 1 (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1990) in Zygon: 27(1992):65–87. “Science and Christianity.” In Donald W. Musser and Joseph L. Price, eds., The New Handbook of Christian Theology (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1992), pages 430–432. Revised edit in 2003. “Order and Disorder in Nature, Science, and Religion.” In George W. Shields and Mark Shale, eds., Science, Technology and Religious Ideas: Proceedings of the Institute for Liberal Studies, vol. 4 (Frankfort, KT: Institute for Liberal Studies, Kentucky State University, 1994), pages 1–14. “Science, Religion, and the Future.” In W. Mark Richardson and Wesley J. Wildman, eds., Religion and Science: History, Method, Dialogue (London: Routledge, 1996), pages 61–82. “Biodiversity and Spirit,” Science and Spirit 11(4) (2000):34. “Biological Diversity.” In J. Wentzel Vrede Van Huyssteen, Editor-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, (New York: Macmillan Reference, Thomson/Gale), page 62. “Nature versus Nurture.” In J. Wentzel Vrede Van Huyssteen, Editor-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, volume 2. (New York: Macmillan Reference, Thomson/Gale), pages 607–609.

Environmental ethics education “Science Education and Moral Education.” Zygon 23(1988):347–355. “Earth Ethics: A Challenge to Liberal Education,” In J. Baird Callicott and Fernando José R. da Rocha, eds., Earth Summit Ethics: Toward a Reconstructive Postmodern Philosophy on the Atlantic Rim (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), pages 161–192. “Environmental Ethics in the Undergraduate Philosophy Curriculum.” In Jonathan Colett and Stephen J. Karakashian, eds., The Environment: Conservation of Biodiversity, and Sustainable Development: A Multidisciplinary Guide for College Teachers (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996), pages 206–234. “Environmental Science and Environmental Advocacy.” In Anders Norgren, Science, Ethics, Sustainability: The Responsibility of Science in Attaining Sustainable Development, Centre for Research Ethics, University of Uppsala, Sweden. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studies in Bioethics and Research Ethics 2 (Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Research Ethics, 1997), pages 137–153. “Science, Advocacy, Human and Environmental Health,” The Science of the Total Environment 184(1996):51–56. Environmental ethics overviews “Rights and Responsibilities on the Home Planet,” Yale Journal of International Law 18 (no. 1, 1993):251–279. “Ethics on the Home Planet.” in Anthony Weston, ed, An Invitation to Environmental Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, pages 107–139. “Challenges in Environmental Ethics.” In Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren, and John Clark, eds., Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993), pages 135–157. “Winning and Losing in Environmental Ethics.” In Frederick Ferré and Peter G. Hartel, eds., Ethics and Environmental Policy: Theory Meets Practice (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994), pages 217–234. “Land Ethic at the Turn of the Millennium, The,” Biodiversity and Conservation 9(2000):1045–1058. 274 ABBREVIATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Miscellaneous areas in environmental philosophy “River of Life, The,: Past, Present, and Future.” In Ernest Partridge, ed., Responsibilities to Future Generations (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1981), pages 123–132. Reprinted in Philosophy Gone Wild. “Preservation of Natural Value in the Solar System, The.” In Eugene C. Hargrove, ed., Beyond Spaceship Earth: Environmental Ethics and the Solar System (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1986), pages 140–182. “Ethical Responsibilities toward Wildlife,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 200(1992):618–622. “Nature for Real: Is Nature a Social Construct?” In Timothy D. J. Chappell, ed., The Philosophy of the Environment (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1997), pages 38–64. “Down to Earth: Persons in Place in Natural History.” In Andrew Light and Jonathan M. Smith, eds., Philosophy and Geography III: Philosophies of Place (Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield, 1998), pages 285–296. “Technology versus Nature: What is Natural.” CPTS Ends and Means: Journal of the University of Aberdeen Centre for Philosophy, Technology & Society 2(no. 2, Spring 1998):3–14. “Respect for Life: Counting What Singer Finds of No Account.” In Dale Jamieson, ed., Singer and His Critics (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 1999), pages 247–268. “Natural and Unnatural, Wild and Cultural,” Western North American Naturalist 61(2001):267–276. “Environmental Ethics in Antarctica,” Environmental Ethics 24(2002):115–134. “F/Actual Knowing: Putting Facts and Values in Place,” Ethics and the Environment 10 (2)(2005): 137–174. “Genes, Brains, Minds: The Human Complex.” In Kelly Bulkeley, ed., Soul, Mind, Brain: New Directions in the Study of Religion and Brain-Mind Science (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). INDEX

abiotic, 17–19, 23–25, 27–28, 64, 204, autopoietically, 23–24, 28 246, 248 axiology, 30–32 achievement, storied, 105–106, Ayer, A.J. 31 119–120, 262 aesthetics, 18, 53, 55–56, 61, 73, 75, 99, beauty, 54, 57, 64–65, 73, 87, 96, 106–107, 103–106, 108–113, 115–119, 121–131, 110–113, 115, 117–119, 121–134, 134–140, 156, 205, 216, 235, 245–248, 137–140, 149, 155, 247–248, 256, 262–263 261–263, 267 property, 139 Benzoni, Francisco, 65–66, 73, 75–76 value, 6, 103, 110, 112–113, 115–118, Berry, Wendell, 71 120–123, 134 Bible/Biblical, 77, 82–83, 89, 96 after-Darwin problem, 105, 109, 112–114, Bigelow, Julian, 3, 14 116, 120, 122, 257 Biocentrists/biocentric, 4, 17–18 Agar, Nicholas, 13–14 Biodiversity/biodiverse, 31, 69, 76, 122 agriculture, 191–192, 194, 200, 240–241 Biological/biology, 17–18, 29, 31, 35, Alexander, Samuel, 116 42, 53, 65, 67, 69, 71, 78, 83–85, amoral nature, 123, 128, 141 87, 89, 94, 96, 120, 123, 137–138, Antarctica, 18–19, 23, 27, 246 171–173, 178–180, 186, 205–206, anthropic principle, 68 211, 214–215, 246–249, 253, 259, anthroprocentrism/ anthropocentric, 262, 267 10, 17–18, 27, 35, 37, 40, 85, 89, biotic, 18–19, 22–25, 27–28, 84, 125, 128, 93, 100, 137, 213, 216, 222–226, 203, 217 230, 243 Birch, Charles, 82, 85, 98, 99 anthrop/anthropogenic, 1, 21, 86, 209–210, Budd, Malcom, 112–115, 121–123, 263 212, 217, 225, 239 anti-realism, 38, 39, 251–252 California Golden Trout, 136 Aristotle/Aristotelian, 1–2, 21–22, 23, 39, Callicott, J. Baird, 27, 32–34, 40, 43–44, 66, 59, 67, 121, 227, 243–244 101, 121, 125–127, 129, 133–135, 137, Arnold, Matthew, 151 140–141, 203, 213, 222, 235, 248 artifact, 73, 266 Camus, Albert, 151 Arturo Rosenblueth, Arturo, 3 Carlson, Allen, 101, 120–124, 139, 142 astronomy, 2, 14, 68, 96, 238, 248 Cartesian, 30, 33, 40, 175 atheism, 78–79, 81, 88, 97 Christian, 57–59, 65, 77–79, 81–83, 89, atmosphere, 17, 25, 68 95–96, 98–99, 263 Attfield, Robin, 83, 88, 91–92, 94, 99, 222, Cobb, John, 85, 99 235, 241, 260 cognition/cognitive, 46, 49, 54, 56, 59, autobiography, 78, 79, 163 184–185, 251

275 276 INDEX complexity, 29, 68, 73–74, 87, 100, 136, 210–212, 216, 221–222, 233, 245, 176, 179–180, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 254, 263 214–216, 238 ethics, 78, 105 consciousness, 20–23, 25, 27, 31, feminism, 167–173, 175, 178–181 128–129, 140 harmony, 82 constructivism, 37, 39 processes, 29, 189, 206–207, 214, 230 creativity, 29, 60–61, 64, 66–67, 69, 72, 74, theology, 90, 98 86, 93, 121, 262–263 ecosystem, 8, 12–13, 18, 29, 84, 86–87, 105, creator, 68, 70, 72–73, 78, 81, 265 108, 113–114, 119–120, 122, 125, cruciform, 58, 61, 65, 78, 83, 88–89, 242, 191–192, 204–206, 211, 215, 224, 241, 261–263, 267 244–245, 254 cybernetics, 4, 5, 68, 247, 250, 257, 265 ecotheology/ecotheologian, 77–78, 81–83, 90 Darwin, 23, 78–81, 83, 87–89, 91–92, 95, Eliade, Mircea, 58, 61 97–101, 179, 257, 260, 262 emergent values, 85–87 death, 56–58, 64–65, 80, 82, 84–85, 87, emotion, 46–47, 50, 55, 58, 60, 149, 163, 89, 91, 119, 123, 133, 169, 173–174, 167, 237, 247, 255–256 205–206, 240–242, 255, 257, 259, endangered species, 76, 87, 135–136, 174, 261–264 184, 206–208, 244 de Sousa, Ronald, 50, 60 environmental aesthetics, 103, 247 deiform, 78, 88–89, 263 epistemology/epistemological, 33–37, 39, Deigh, John, 46–49, 52, 60, 263 40, 42–44, 49, 251–252, 254–255 Dennett, Daniel, 265 eschaton, 59, 78 Descartes, 175 evaluation, 48, 63–64, 66, 108, 116, 120, description, 3, 6, 13, 29–30, 38, 49, 53, 56, 132, 168, 208 75, 91, 104, 114–117, 123, 125, 142, evil, 21, 64–65, 75–76, 78, 83, 89, 94, 101, 153–159, 186, 225, 228, 235, 240, 254 103 105–109, 112–116, 119–120, 257, design, 25–26, 61, 69, 73–74, 79, 89, 98, 262, 267 109, 249, 257, 266 evolution, 9, 23–24, 28–29, 42, 78–79, Deweyan Pragmatist, 30 81–93, 95–97, 99, 101, 112, 132, Dillard, Annie, 64, 143–165 137–138, 176, 179, 180, 189, 208, disvalue, 9, 11, 55–56, 64, 76–77, 84–85, 215–217, 225, 246, 254, 261 87–88, 91–94, 108, 119, 223, 229, 233, experience of nature, 111 244, 255, 261 external teleology, 19, 22–24 DNA, 1, 2, 8, 34, 41–42, 215, 253 extinction, 8, 25, 34, 65, 134, 206 Dostoevsky, 93 factory farming, 168, 169, 240 earth, 9, 17–19, 22–25, 27, 31, 35, 43, fallacy of misplaced location, 127, 129 see 52, 59, 64–74, 83–84, 88, 90, 95–96, also misplaced beauty; misplaced 98, 115, 138, 153, 175, 179, 186, wonder 206, 225–229, 233, 235, 238, feeling, 46, 48–50, 52–53, 55, 59–60, 149, 243–244, 246–247, 250, 252, 155, 164, 180, 256–257 see also 255–256, 258–266 emotion ecocentrism/ecocentric, 17, 18, Fine, Arthur, 37–44, 251–253, 255, 258 203–204, 213 fit, 24, 70, 73, 80, 86, 96, 154, 168, 176, ecofeminist, 179, 242 187, 195–196, 230, 239, 243, 253, 259 ecology/ecological, 32, 42, 77, 106–107, fittedness, 108, 261 see also fit 110, 112–114, 122, 185, 190, 195, Fleming, Donald, 78, 98 INDEX 277

Florida panther, 136 individual organisms, 2, 7–8, 17–18, 78–79, Foreman, Dave, 31, 43, 234 84, 86, 92, 95, 204, 250 Freud, Sigmund, 151 by themselves, 19, 24–28 inherent values, 32 Gaita, Raimond, 54, 60 instrumental value, 17–18, 20, 22–23, 86, generate/generative, 250, 262 99, 135, 224–226, 230, 235 genesis, 25, 67, 69, 112, 115, 118, in themselves, 19, 21, 22, 24–25, 27, 133, 121, 263 198, 258 genetic mutations, 7 for themselves, 19, 21–22, 24–28, 34, 38, genetic set, 2, 6, 7, 10, 12–14, 137, 249, 257 118, 135, 189, 193, 197 see also DNA integrity, 23, 28, 74, 87, 107, 115, geology/geological, 2, 14, 22, 24, 35, 138, 118–119, 122, 125, 128, 200, 151, 232–233, 245, 247 240–241, 248, 266 goal, 2–6, 8–10, 12, 14, 22–23, 26, 65, intentionality, 24, 26, 46–47, 52, 223, 86–87, 93, 168, 177, 179, 210, 212, 231–233, 256 214, 221, 223, 236, 257 see also intrinsic value, 17–18, 20–22, 24, 27, 29–33, telelogy 43–44, 65–66, 73, 83, 86, 92, 125–127, goal-directed, 2–5, 12, 257 see also 132–137, 140, 144, 168, 204, 208, telelogy 215–216, 222–225, 232–234, 239, 246, God, 58, 60, 65–69, 71–79, 81–83, 85, 248, 252 88–91, 93–101, 107, 112, 144, 146, 162, 175, 239, 242, 264, 265–267 James, William, 49, 60 deity, 63–64, 66–67, 69–75, 95 Jesus, 58, 71, 82–83, 96, 99, 264 divine, 55, 58, 64–69, 72–74, 76, 79, Job, book of, 89 88–89, 99–100, 261, 263, 265 Jürgen Moltmann, 82, 98 Goldie, Peter, 47–48, 52–56, 60, 256 Goodpaster, Kenneth, 4–5 Kant/Kantian, 14, 34 Kingsolver, Barbara, 77, 89, 97 habitat, 31, 196, 197, 208, 209 Kuhn, Thomas, 50 Hargrove, Eugene, 27, 73, 76, 122, 124, 142 harmony, 81, 82, 106, 108–110, 114–115, language, 20–21, 33, 38–39, 46, 72, 85, 120, 244 93, 126, 135, 143–144, 146–147, Hayles, N. Katherine, 36, 44 151, 158, 160, 164, 213, 238–239, historical value, 6, 135, 235 251, 255 history, 7, 19, 22, 24, 28, 41, 59, 61, 63–70, Le Blanc, Jill, 91, 93, 94, 101 72–76, 83, 85, 89, 104, 124, 138, 143, Leopold, Aldo, 84, 87, 104, 118–119, 122, 222, 224–225, 227, 237, 241–242, 124–125, 128, 141, 203, 244 247–250, 254, 258–259, 261–266 Light, Andrew, 30, 43, 234, 236 holism/holistic, 8, 86–87, 204, 222 literature/literary, 65, 77, 81, 103, 110, Homo sapiens, 25, 34, 55, 69, 71, 225, 235, 122–123, 143–145, 148, 151, 154, 237, 243, 247, 251, 255 161–164, 213, 222, 235 Hume, David, 36, 142 locus, 21, 27 hunting, 32, 89, 167, 170–173, 180, 190, Lorraine, Claude, 139 194–195, 240–242, 252–253 Mackie, J. L., 37 immanent, 19, 22–23, 26, 63, 66, 70, 72, Maddell, Geoffrey, 48, 60 75, 264 Maladaptation/maladaptive, 7, 79, 89, independent value, 19, 24–26, 229 249–250 278 INDEX

Mars, 17, 23–25 normative, 5, 10, 12–13, 41–42, 132, 137, Marx, Karl, 151 213, 222, 225, 227 McDaniel, Jay, 81, 96, 98, 100–101 Northcott, Michael, 98 McKibben, Bill, 90, 100 Norton, Bryan G., 43, 141 metaphor, 83, 104, 143, 146–148, 159, 163, 249 objective intrinsic value, 29, 33, 64–66, metaphysics, 33, 40, 66, 143–144, 252, 132–135, 183 see also intrinsic value 254, 265 objectivism/objectivity, 13, 34–35, 56, microbes, 64–65 123–124, 127–128 mind, 19, 26, 33–36, 59, 64, 73, 83, obligation, moral 11–12, 85, 169, 198 105, 116, 118, 129, 140, 175, 214, ontology/ontological, 24, 28, 33–35, 37–44, 250, 259 101, 252, 254–255, 259 misplaced beauty, 128, 248 Ouderkirk, Wayne, 13, 64, 99, 100, 119, 124 misplaced wonder, 127–128, 248 moral agent, 123, 132–133, 137 pain, 77, 79, 88–89, 91–93, 99, 170, 174, Morris, William, 111 180, 184, 200, 241, 260 Muir, John, 63, 104, 110–112, 120–121 parasitism, 64, 119 peaceable kingdom, 88, 242 Naess, Arne, 222 persistence, 3, 14, 84, 247 see also plasticity Nagel, Thomas, 11 philosophy of science, 37, 256 narrative, 29, 42–43, 93, 96–97, 143, 163, photosynthesis, 34, 36, 252–253 237, 244, 255, 264 plasticity, 3, 14, 197 nature/natural: poetry/poetic, 19, 58, 142, 262, 265 history, 29 policy, 30–33, 162, 203–205, 209–210, ontological attitude, 41–44, 252 212–217, 225, 239, 253–254 selection, 7, 8, 23, 63, 69, 75, 78–81, 84, policymakers, 30, 32 see also policy 86, 88, 95, 97, 101, 168, 176, 189, positive aesthetics, 63–64, 103, 110–116, 191–192, 245, 257 120–123, 139–140, 262 theology, 58, 75, 77–78, 92 post-modern, 33–44 value, 2, 6, 8, 13, 49–50, 52, 55, 58, 103, practices of science, 41, 253 107–108, 110, 112, 115, 120, Pragmatism/pragmatic, 30, 32, 43, 60, 124–125, 129–131, 221, 223, 234, 251 225–226, 230, 232, 233, 235, predation, 9, 64, 80–82, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93, 243, 246 99, 119, 184, 190–192, 206 see also naturalism, 72, 105, 265 predator naturalist tradition, 103–106, 108, predator, 35, 81, 84, 87, 91–92, 97, 241, 253 112, 118 prey, 80–81, 84, 87, 89, 91–92, 192, naturalistic fallacy, 30, 42, 204 241–242, 253 see also predator nature writing, 90, 144 projective nature, 2, 130, 246, 258 see also negative feedback, 3, 8, 14, 52, 64, 82, Projective value 108, 111, 113, 115, 123, 168, 178, Projective values, 224 196, 233, 262 proto-preferences, 1, 10 Nerlich, Graham, 56, 61 psychological, 4–5, 36, 39, 133–134, Newton, Issac, 39 178, 259 non-human, 17, 18, 20–22, 24–25, 27, 36, 82, 168, 183, 187, 191, 194, 225, 231 Rasmussen, Larry, 82, 98 non-instrumental, 64, 66, 222 see also realism, 34–35, 37–40, 44, 78, 87, 124, instrumentalist 251–253 INDEX 279

Regan, Tom, 82, 98, 184, 203, 206, 234 species, 2, 7–9, 12–14, 17–18, 20–22, 25, relativism, 29, 125, 235 28, 36, 41–42, 55, 64–65, 68, 79–80, religion/religious, 20–21, 49, 54, 63–67, 82–89, 91, 96, 100, 127, 131, 134–137, 70–73, 75–76, 78, 89–90, 96, 99, 104, 173, 184–190, 193–194, 197, 199–200, 106–107, 116, 151, 162–163, 183, 239, 203–212, 214–215, 224–226, 229, 256, 261, 264, 266 231, 235, 239, 244–246, 249–254, religious value, 6, 73, 235 259–261 respect, 5, 11, 14, 19, 23, 27, 31, 41, spiritual, 67, 71, 187, 264–265 54, 58, 61, 70–71, 74, 78, 85, spirituality, 63, 66, 70, 72, 75–76, 265 see 100–101, 125, 136, 144, 168, 178, also spiritual 180, 183, 197, 200, 204, 205–215, spontaneous natural value, 224, 228, 236, 259 232–233, 244 reverence, 70–72, 110, 265 spontaneous nature, 4, 5, 73, 188, rights, 41, 82, 183–184, 199, 205, 230, 266 208, 222 stability, 7, 87, 106–109, 114–115, 118–120, Rollins, Bernie, 135 122, 125, 128, 235 Rorty, Richard, 38, 39, 44, 60, 123, 251, Stocker, Robert, 50, 60 252, 253 subjectivism, 13 Rosenblueth, Arturo, 3 suffering, 54, 58, 64–65, 77–96, 98–99, 119, Routley, Richard, 235 123, 132, 141–142, 168–169, 180, Ruether, Rosemary Radford, 82, 98 189–193, 200, 205–206, 241–242, 263, 267 see also pain Saito, Yuriko, 112, 120–121, 263 supernatural, 23, 70, 71, 75, 88, 264 San Clemente Island, 134 systemic value, 2, 6, 9, 78, 86, 89, 91–92, Sartre, Jean Paul, 151 96, 120, 233 scientifically/scientific, 23, 33–34, 44, 53, 55, 57, 67–69, 76, 81, 106, 136, 143, Taylor, Paul, 13, 222, 235 152, 163, 175–176, 178, 203, 206, 208, technology, 17, 24, 25, 28, 101, 173 211–214, 216, 235, 253, 256, 264, 267 teleology, 19, 22–23, 26, 28, 74, 93 claims, 34, 38, 40, 42 telenomy/teleonomic, 22–23 cognitivism, 103, 110–112, 114, 120–122 telos, 2, 21–22, 26, 168 see also telelogy description, 29–30, 75, 104, 115, Templeton Prize, 29, 63 117, 123 terraformation, 17 knowledge, 67, 110–12, 120, 151 theodicy, 64, 75–77, 80, 90–93, 95, 98 theories, 21, 35, 150 theology, 49, 65, 75, 77–78, 85, 90 secular, 65, 71, 82, 86, 265 trajectory, 19–20, 24–26, 183, 206, 250, self-conscious, 21, 203, 228 257, 264 self-regulation, 3, 14 see also plasticity transcendent, 49, 63, 66–67, 69–75 sentience, 64, 87, 96, 183, 189, 195, 200 Transcendentalists, 143 Shaler, Nathaniel, 137 truncated intrinsic value, 126 Shenandoah Valley, 242, 263 Singer, Peter, 31, 43, 184, 235, 236 ugliness/ugly, 63–65, 111–112, 117–118, Snyder, Gary, 36 121, 138–140, 263 sociobiology, 175–176, 179 University of Edinburgh, 123 Socrates/socratic, 164, 237–238, 242, 244 unobservable, 37–38, 40–43, 252–254, Solar System, 17, 25, 27 263–264 soteriological, 78, 95, 101 urban, 196, 221–223, 226–234, 236, Southgate, Christopher, 91, 101 242–245 280 INDEX value, 1–15, 17–22, 24–25, 27, 31, 33, 38, Whitehead, Alfred North, 85 41, 45, 48–50, 53–56, 61, 63–66, Wiener, Norbert, 3 70–71, 74, 76–78, 86–89, 94, 96, wild, 63, 73–75, 83–84, 92, 94, 97, 101, 105–106, 108–110, 112, 118–120, 104–105, 107–111, 126, 130, 133, 142, 123–126, 129, 131, 175, 184, 155, 168–170, 184–193, 195–197, 199 187–188, 190–199, 203–205, wilderness, 35–36, 64, 107, 118, 156, 187, 207, 213, 215, 219, 221, 224, 195, 203–204, 223–224, 226–229, 226–233, 241, 243–244, 247–249, 232–234, 236, 239, 241, 252, 254 see 257, 261–262, 264 also wild Varner, Gary, 13, 222, 235 Wright, Larry, 3 vegetarian, 95, 241 Wynn, Mark, 61, 78, 97 The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics

1. H. Maat: Science Cultivating Practice. A History of Agricultural Science in the Netherlands and its Colonies, 1863-1986. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-0113-4 2. M.K. Deblonde: Economics as a Political Muse. Philosophical Reflections on the Relevance of Economics for Ecological Policy. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-0165-7 3. J. Keulartz, M. Korthals, M. Schermer, T.E. Swierstra (eds.): Pragmatist Ethics for a Technological Culture. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-0987-9 4. N.P. Guehlstorf: The Political Theories of Risk Analysis. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-2881-4 5. M. Korthals: Before Dinner. Philosophy and Ethics of Food. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-2992-6 6. J. Bingen and L. Busch (eds.): Agricultural Standards: The Shape of the Global Food and Fibre System. 2006 ISBN 1-4020-3983-6 7. C. Coff: The Taste of Ethics: An Ethic of Food Consumption. 2006 ISBN 1-4020-4553-0 8. C.J. Preston and Wayne Ouderkirk (eds.): Nature, Value, Duty: Life on Earth with Holmes Rolston III, 2007 ISBN 1-4020-4877-7