Odisha Review
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ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXXIV NO.1 AUGUST - 2017 SURENDRA KUMAR, I.A.S. Commissioner-cum-Secretary LAXMIDHAR MOHANTY, O.A.S Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Kishor Kumar Sinha Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty Niranjan Baral The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odisha’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Rs.5/- Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Messages Good Governance ... ... 1 The Paik Revolt of Khurda, 1817 Pritish Acharya ... 19 Mahatma Gandhi and the Quit India Movement - A Study of Gandhian Strategy and Dynamics Dr. Shridhar Charan Sahoo ... 28 Freedom of Speech and Expression in 21st Century Dr. Sudarshan Behera ... 36 Study of English Writings in the Freedom Movement in India with Reference to Spiritualism, Gandhism, Anti-Colonialism Natabar Jena ... 42 The Role of Women and Women Organisations in Odisha in Indian Freedom Struggle Dr. Krushna Chandra Das ... 46 The Paik Rebellion of Khurda Balabhadra Ghadai ... 51 Paika Rebellion of 1817 : Was it the First War of Independence ? Dr. Saroj Kumar Panda ... 55 Krutibas Pattasani, The Hero of Paik Revolt as Depicted by Shushree Chunder Dutt Dr. Satya Sarangi ... 57 Gender and Disability : Discourse and Discussions Jeeja Ghosh, Dr. Lenin Mohanty ... 63 Terrorism Affects State Sovereignty Prof. Hrudaya Ballav Das ... 65 Role of Kolabira Fort in Freedom Struggle of Sambalpur in Odisha Dr. Dharmendra Ku. Mishra ... 68 The Indian Force Girija Sankar Das ... 84 Fifteenth August Er. Raghunath Patra ... 87 The 'Buddha' Elephant S. Balakrishnan ... 88 Pani Panchayat : A Platform for Rural Development Dr. Debendra Nath Biswal ... 92 Soil Solarization : An Eco-Friendly Option for Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Odisha Deepa Khulbe, P. Srinivas and Samant P.K. ... 97 Evolution of Nathism in Odisha Dr. Balaram Panda ... 102 Swapnananda Panigrahi : An Untold Hero Pabitra Mohan Barik ... 105 Rise and Role of Odia Printing Press, Papers and Pratisthan on the Eve of National Movement Dr. Janmejay Choudhury ... 108 Behind the Page : Our Independence Day Prados Kumar Mishraa ... 110 A Tribute to Gangadhar Dr. Bhubaneswar Pradhan ... 112 National Song Vande Mataram ! Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja shitalam, Shasyashyamalam, Mataram ! Shubhrajyothsna pulakitayaminim, Phullakusumita drumadala shobhinim, Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim, Sukhadam varadam, Mataram ! The song, Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. It has an equal status with Jana-gana-mana. The first political occasion when it was sung was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. National Anthem Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he, Bharata-bhagya-vidhata. Punjab-Sindhu-Gujarat-Maratha, Dravida-Utkala-Banga, Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga. Tava shubha name jage, Tava shubha asisa mage, Gahe tava jaya gatha, Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he Bharata-bhagya-vidhata. Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he! The playing time of the full version of the National Anthem is approximately 52 seconds. A short version consisting of first and last lines of the stanza (playing time approximately 20 seconds) is also played on certain occasions. The song, Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on January 24, 1950. It was first sung on December 27, 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. The complete song consists of five stanzas. National Flag The national flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesari) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy blue charkha or the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the national flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on July22, 1947. Its use and display are regulated by the Indian Flag Code. MARTYRS OF ODISHA Jayee Rajguru Veer Surendra Sai (1739-1805) (23.01.1809 - 28.02.1884) Birsa Munda Baji Rout Raghunath Mohanty (Died in Ranchi jail in June 1900) (Shot dead on 11.10.1938) (18.07.1910 - 04.04.1941 hanged) Dibakara Parida Laxman Naik (30.11.1911 - 04.04.1941 hanged) (22.11.1899-29.03.1943 hanged) Message of Dr. S.C. Jamir Hon'ble Governor of Odisha On the Occasion of the 71st Independence Day - 2017 Dear Sisters and Brothers, On the 71st Independence Day, I convey my heartfelt greetings to all of you. This is an occasion to recall with pride the valiant struggle and endless challenges faced by our Freedom Fighters. Under the dynamic leadership of the Father of our Nation Mahatma Gandhiji, people from every nook and corner of India participated in the struggle for the independence of our Motherland. On this historic day, we pay our humble tributes to the Great Leaders of India like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Ballav Bhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Saheed Bhagat Singh and all our patriots for their sacrifice in liberating our country from the foreign rule. We must not forget the eminent daughters and sons of our State whose selfless sacrifice and invaluable contributions to our freedom struggle will inspire generations to come. Great Patriots like Jayee Rajguru, Buxi Jagabandhu, Veer Surendra Sai, Saheed Laxman Naik, Raghu-Dibakar, and Nationalist leaders like Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das, Utkal Gourab Madhusudan Das, Pandit Nilakantha Das, Acharya Harihar, Maa Ramadevi, Dr. Harekrushna Mahtab, Biju Patnaik and many others rendered their invaluable services for the cause of the country. Let us pay our humble tribute to our brave soldiers who have laid down their lives while defending the borders of our country and preserving its territorial integrity. Our hearts go out to the bereaved families in their hour of grief and sorrow. The Nation stands by them. Odisha was at the forefront of India’s struggle for Independence. Under the leadership of Buxi Jagabandhu of Khurda a fierce battle was fought 40 years before the 1857 revolt. This valiant uprising, otherwise popularly known as the Paika Rebellion was essentially a pluralistic people’s movement at the grassroot level aimed at upholding the rights and sovereignty of the people. To befittingly commemorate the completion of 200 years of this momentous event, the State Government has recommended to declare the Paika Rebellion as the first war of Indian Independence to the Union Government. In this new millennium, Odisha’s growth is a story of resurgence and resilience. Known as a State for natural disasters leading to loss of thousands of precious lives, Odisha now has been transformed to a State that has set global benchmarks in disaster management. Known as a State with subsistence agriculture, Odisha has now emerged as an agriculturally progressive State being awarded with the Krishi Karman Award for a record four times over a period of five years, and it being the only State to have doubled farmers’ income in real terms in the last decade. From a foodgrain deficit State totally dependent on Railway racks from Punjab and Haryana to feed its own people, Odisha is now the third largest contributor to the Public Distribution System and has been playing a major role in the food security of the country. From a State known for its abysmal record in IMR and MMR being at the bottom of the list, Odisha had the sharpest decline in the IMR surpassing the national average. From being a financially bankrupt State not being able to pay the salaries of the employees, Odisha today is known as a State for its excellent financial administration. From a State known for acute poverty, Odisha is widely acclaimed for bringing about the highest poverty reduction in the country. There has been 24.61% decline in poverty level, with nearly 80 lakh persons coming out of poverty over the last decade. Once a State without connectivity Odisha now has one of the best road networks in the country spread into its far flung areas. Odisha at a point of time had more than a million children out of school. Now it’s dropout rate is less than 5%. Odisha as a State was not known much for its industrialization. Now it has achieved one of the highest industrial growth rates in the country while keeping people as its primary focus. Today Odisha is known in the whole country for its transparency and anti-corruption measures. An era of transparency, accountability and responsive governance has ushered in where the Government is all set to address the basic needs of the people through the use of 3Ts- Technology, Transparency and Teamwork which will lead to Transformation of the Society by taking development, progress and welfare to the next level. Along with completion of more than a million pucca houses for the rural poor and creation of more than four lakh hectares of additional irrigated area, the Government has now taken a historic decision to provide crop loans at 1% interest to the farmers.