DOCSLIB.ORG

A School in Chinese Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A School in Chinese Studies Professional Practice: Law in Qin and Han China Michael Lüdke Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Philosophy of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Contents Note ..............................................................................................................................................4 Preface .........................................................................................................................................4 Introduction: Law in China ..........................................................................................................8 Precedents and procedures: The Zouyanshu and its cases ......................................................... 22 The role of the Zouyanshu within the administration of law .................................................. 22 Dating of the Zouyanshu and its cases ................................................................................... 72 The sequence of the cases ...................................................................................................... 92 A form to be filled in: The procedural model ......................................................................... 94 Facilitating imperial rule: The role of judicial procedure ..................................................... 139 Mediated legal evidence: Testimony in early Chinese legal texts ............................................. 142 Testimony: First-person voices in the trial records ............................................................... 142 The role of testimony within criminal procedure.................................................................. 143 Mediating testimony by writing it down............................................................................... 166 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 179 The role of law in early China .................................................................................................. 181 Law vs. ritual and religion as the dominant paradigm .......................................................... 181 2 Law as a distinct field of knowledge and practice ................................................................ 187 Legitimate rule: The role of law ........................................................................................... 229 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 237 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 239 3 Note This work has been submitted as the author’s PhD-thesis in 2004. Since then, the text has been revised to take into account suggestions made by the two dissertation advisers, Professor Rudolf Wagner and Ulrich Lau, for which I am grateful to both of them. Other revisions have been made to take into account the author’s continuing work, together with Ulrich Lau, on the Zhangjiashan legal texts, which resulted in Lau and Lüdke 2012. Differences to Lau and Lüdke 2012 result either from insights gained after the latter work went to print, or, in rare cases, from different approaches of the two co-authors to specific issues. Primary sources and secondary literature published since 2004 have been added where these are necessary to document updates in the text. In a very selective way, secondary literature has also been introduced to position the original arguments in relation to more recent discussions. A comprehensive account of the vast literature on the Zhangjiashan legal texts published after 2004 would have resulted in a completely different kind of work, which would have been neither appropriate nor desirable. This thesis dates to a period when the Zhangjiashan texts just started to receive scholarly attention. Since then, the amount of publications dealing with them and related aspects has multiplied (Barbieri-Low and Yates 2016, in their bibliography of secondary sources in Asian languages, list an estimated 1500 works on 98 pages). Nonetheless, the author hopes that his work remains a valid contribution to the field. Erlangen, October 2016 Preface While writing this study, a number of debts have accumulated. I probably owe most to Ulrich Lau, who first introduced me to the study of early Chinese law and showed me the riches to be derived from this still unexploited mine. I probably would never have stumbled by myself on this field, 4 which so far has not been in the mainstream of Sinology due to a lack of sources and attention. When Ulrich Lau, after a seminar in Heidelberg on the Zouyanshu, suggested working together on a translation of this source, this became the beginning of a project that has since taken on a life of its own. We soon realised that an accessible translation of the Zouyanshu not only required extensive annotation, but also a detailed analysis of the legal institutions that form its background. At some stage, we decided to present this work in the form of a dictionary of the legal terminology used in the Zouyanshu. Over the years, this has developed into a detailed reconstruction of many of the core concepts of Qin and Han law on the basis of the presently available received and palaeographic sources. This work has been greatly furthered (and also greatly prolonged due to the necessary revisions) by the publication of the Ernian lüling collection of statutes, dating to 186 BC and unearthed from the same tomb in Zhangjiashan as the Zouyanshu. The results of this co-operative project will be published as a separate volume under the envisaged title The Craft and Terminology of Early Chinese Law – A study of the Zouyanshu and the Ernian lüling. While the present study has grown out of this larger project, it affords me the opportunity to look at some of the wider issues concerning the evolving professional field of legal practice in early China. Throughout the pages to follow, I have included only few cross-references to the larger forthcoming work, to which the reader is directed for a detailed annotation of all the Zouyanshu passages quoted and for translations of most of the Ernian lüling stipulations mentioned, as well as for a detailed discussion of the legal terms and concepts which for the most part are only very briefly explained in the following chapters. Our co-operation on the Zouyanshu project has been a fortunate one for me, as I have learned much from Ulrich Lau which also has benefited the present work, not least from his keen interest in social institutions as a foundation of society and culture, his wide knowledge of early Chinese legal and non-legal sources, and his subtle understanding of the Chinese language, which is informed by an expertise in historical phonology – both a rarity among sinologists and an absolute 5 prerequisite for the work with palaeographic material. At the same time, I also need to apologise for the many disruptions in our work, caused by the exigencies of life and my youthful optimism which again and again caused me to gravely underestimate the effort involved. The support of a number of other people has been essential for my work. I am grateful to all of them: Peng Hao 彭浩, of the Jingzhou museum 荊州地區博物館 which has excavated the Zhangjiashan material, has given indispensable help in spending much time discussing the originals of this find at a time when the reproductions were not yet published. Ziva Ben Porat extended a generous invitation to a conference on “Mediated Testimonies” held by the Tel Aviv University’s Porter Institute in April 2002. Without this, the second chapter of this study probably would never have been written. Enno Giele not only furnished me with his as yet unpublished dissertation, but also provided stimulating insights into a number of relevant questions. Laura Skosey generously sent me a copy of her exciting dissertation. Catherine Yeh again and again brought a warmth and brightness that was good to have during long lonely hours among books and in front of computers. Most important has been the unwavering support given to me by my parents, Antonia and Karl Josef Lüdke, throughout the many years of my study of this unusual choice of a subject. Throughout the last ten years, it has been a very special privilege for me to study and work with Professor Rudolf Wagner at the Institute of Chinese Studies at Heidelberg University – not only because of the ideal conditions and the creative atmosphere he has established, his irresistible intellectual presence, and the continuous challenge to his students to realise their potential to the 6 fullest. Without Professor Wagner, this work would neither have begun, as the enthusiasm for China he has helped to kindle kept me into Chinese studies, nor would it have been finished. I am particularly grateful for the rare combination of complete intellectual freedom afforded to me on the one hand, and a very keen and critical interest in my work on the other. His suggestions on a number of minor and major matters have been indispensable. For all remaining mistakes and shortcomings, I alone carry full responsibility. Heidelberg, December 2003 7 Introduction: Law in China This study is concerned with law in early China. It thus touches on a very fundamental issue: Can we speak at all of law in the context of China? The one end of the spectrum of possible answers is marked by authors like Thomas B. Stephens, who, in a study of the Shanghai
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records (Oxford
    oxford world’s classics THE FIRST EMPEROR Sima Qian’s Historical Records (Shiji), from which this selection is taken, is the most famous Chinese historical work, which not only established a pattern for later Chinese historical writing, but was also much admired for its literary qualities, not only in China, but also in Japan, where it became available as early as the eighth cen- tury ad. The work is vast and complex, and to appreciate its nature it is necessary to make a selection of passages concerning a particu- lar period. To this end the short-lived Qin Dynasty, which unified China in the late third century bc, has been chosen for this transla- tion as a key historical period which well illustrates Sima’s method. Sima himself lived from 145 bc to about 86 bc. He inherited the post of Grand Historiographer from his father, and was so deter- mined to complete his work that he suffered the penalty of castra- tion rather than the more honourable alternative of death when he fell foul of the Emperor. Raymond Dawson was an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. He was Editor of The Legacy of China (1964) and his other publications include The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (1967), Imperial China (1972), The Chinese Experience (1978), Confucius (1982), A New Introduction to Classical Chinese (1984), and the Analects (Oxford World’s Classics, 1993). K. E. Brashier is Associate Professor of Religion (Chinese) and Humanities (Chinese) at Reed College. oxford world’s classics For over 100 years Oxford World’s Classics have brought readers closer to the world’s great literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Inscriptional Records of the Western Zhou
    INSCRIPTIONAL RECORDS OF THE WESTERN ZHOU Robert Eno Fall 2012 Note to Readers The translations in these pages cannot be considered scholarly. They were originally prepared in early 1988, under stringent time pressures, specifically for teaching use that term. Although I modified them sporadically between that time and 2012, my final year of teaching, their purpose as course materials, used in a week-long classroom exercise for undergraduate students in an early China history survey, did not warrant the type of robust academic apparatus that a scholarly edition would have required. Since no broad anthology of translations of bronze inscriptions was generally available, I have, since the late 1990s, made updated versions of this resource available online for use by teachers and students generally. As freely available materials, they may still be of use. However, as specialists have been aware all along, there are many imperfections in these translations, and I want to make sure that readers are aware that there is now a scholarly alternative, published last month: A Source Book of Ancient Chinese Bronze Inscriptions, edited by Constance Cook and Paul Goldin (Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China, 2016). The “Source Book” includes translations of over one hundred inscriptions, prepared by ten contributors. I have chosen not to revise the materials here in light of this new resource, even in the case of a few items in the “Source Book” that were contributed by me, because a piecemeal revision seemed unhelpful, and I am now too distant from research on Western Zhou bronzes to undertake a more extensive one.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents)
    饒宗頤國學院院刊 第五期 417 2018 年 5 月 頁 417– 445 Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents). Edited by Martin KERN and Dirk MEYER. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2017. Pp. vi+508. Edward L. SHAUGHNESSY East Asian Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago The publication of a major English-language book on the Shang shu 尚書 (Elevated documents) or Shu jing 書經 (Classic of documents), the second of the Chinese classics, should surely count as a major milestone in the Western study of early China. As the editors note in their Introduction, the Shang shu has inspired all aspects of Chinese political philosophy for over two thousand years now. Yet, as they also say, “In some kind of reverse—and bizarre— Book Reviews correlation, the Shangshu is as important to the Chinese political tradition as it is neglected in Western scholarship” (p. 2). Their claim just above this that “major Western works on the Shangshu can be counted on two hands, with fingers to spare” is only a bit exaggerated.1 In this volume we now have fourteen studies in just over 500 pages, that directly address at least fourteen different chapters of the Shang shu, not to mention two chapters of the 1 True, I count only eight or nine such studies listed in the various bibliographies attached at the end of each chapter, but they do not even include mention of such classic studies as Paul Pelliot, “Le Chou King en caractères anciens et le Chang Chou che wen,” Mémoires concernant l’Asie Orientale 2 (1916): 123–77, or Benjamin Elman, “Philosophy (I-Li) versus Philology (K’ao-cheng): The Jen-hsin tao-hsin Debate,” T’oung Pao 2nd ser.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comparison of Cartographic Culture Between China and the West
    THE COMPARISON OF CARTOGRAPHIC CULTURE BETWEEN CHINA AND THE WEST Liu, P. and Hu, Y. School of resource and environment Wuhan University,Luoyu road, 430079, Wuhan, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper introduces the characteristics of maps in different periods, regions, nations and thoughts, works and contributions of the representatives of Chinese and Western cartographers at different stages of the developing cartographic history. In comparison of the differences in cartographic representation, aesthetics ideas, the function and effect of Chinese and Western culture upon mapmaking is revealed. This explained that when we are studying the thoughts of Western cartography, its representation form and the advanced technology, we should, in the same time, absorb the essence of Chinese traditional culture, accept Chinese national cartographic characteristics, produce master works of Chinese cultural style, and make better contributions to the development of world cartography. Key words map, cartography, comparison, China and the West, culture When we are attending the international map exhibition, we can get such an impression, that the difference between the styles of Chinese and Western maps is quite clear on the whole, and the visual contrast formed by the difference is strong and pretty attractive, This situation interested us and causes us to find out the secret. However, the extrinsic analysis cannot fulfill our demand. We should work out the comparison of the maps at the historical and cultural height. 1. THE CHINESE AND WESTERN MAPS IN THE PRIMITIVE STAGE Map is a record of the cognition of the nature and environmental space made by mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E Minna Wu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMIBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 @2013 Minna Wu All rights reserved ABSTRACT On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze-Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E. Minna Wu The Shandong region has been of considerable interest to the study of ancient China due to its location in the eastern periphery of the central culture. For the Western Zhou state, Shandong was the “Far East” and it was a vast region of diverse landscape and complex cultural traditions during the Late Bronze-Age (1000-500 BCE). In this research, the developmental trajectories of three different types of secondary states are examined. The first type is the regional states established by the Zhou court; the second type is the indigenous Non-Zhou states with Dong Yi origins; the third type is the states that may have been formerly Shang polities and accepted Zhou rule after the Zhou conquest of Shang. On the one hand, this dissertation examines the dynamic social and cultural process in the eastern periphery in relation to the expansion and colonization of the Western Zhou state; on the other hand, it emphasizes the agency of the periphery during the formation of secondary states by examining how the polities in the periphery responded to the advances of the Western Zhou state and how local traditions impacted the composition of the local material assemblage which lay the foundation for the future prosperity of the regional culture.
    [Show full text]
  • On Shiji 22, Table Ten: a Year-By-Year Table of Generals, Chancellors, and Prominent Officials Since the Founding of the Han Dynasty*
    《中國文化研究所學報》 Journal of Chinese Studies No. 59 - July 2014 On Shiji 22, Table Ten: A Year-by-Year Table of Generals, Chancellors, and Prominent Officials since the Founding of the Han Dynasty* Shu-hui Wu Mississippi State University 1 Among the ten tables in the Shiji 史 記 Table Ten (“Han xing yilai jiang xiang mingchen nianbiao” 漢興以來將相名臣年表) is most complex to interpret. Scholars from the Han times throughout the imperial period either expressed doubts about its authenticity and authorship because of its unconventional presentation or simply avoided mentioning it. Their negative judgements and confusion over Table Ten may have stemmed from a two-fold challenge: the ambiguities of the Table itself, given that entries in the Table extend well beyond the lifetime of Sima Qian 司馬遷 (145–c. 99 B.C.) himself; and the suspicions and criticisms, justified or not, raised by detractors of the Shiji. Modern Chinese scholars have contributed analyses and discussions of Table Ten from various perspectives, but so far none of them have connected its physical layout and authorial purpose to its Han administrative back- ground. In Western scholarship to the present there has been little discussion and no translation of the Table itself. It is therefore important for us to investigate Table Ten from the perspectives of authorship, physicality, and the Han bureaucratic system in order to bridge the two-thousand-year chasm between its authors and readers. * I am very much indebted to the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. 1 Sima Qian, Shiji (Hereafter SJ) (1959; reprint, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Begräbnistexte Im Sozialen Wandel Der Han-Zeit: Eine Typologische Untersuchung Der Jenseitsvorstellung, Heidelberg: Crossasia-Ebooks, 2021
    Literaturverzeichnis Akizuki 1987: Akizuki Kan’ei 秋月觀暎, Hrsg. Dokyō to shūkyō bunka 道教と宗教文化 [Taoism and Religious Culture]. Tokyo: Hirakawa Shuppansha 平河出版社, 1987. Allan & Xing 2004: Allan, Sarah 艾蘭, und Xing Wen 邢文. Xinchu jianbo yanjiu 新出簡帛研究. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 文物出版社, 2004. An Jinhuai et al 1993: An Jinhuai 安金槐, Wang Yugang 王與剛, Xu Shunzhan 許順湛, Liu Jianz- hou 劉建洲 et al, und Henan sheng wenwu yanjiusuo 河南省文物研究所. Mixian dahuting hanmu 密縣打虎亭漢墓. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 文物出版社, 1993. An Zhimin 1973: An Zhimin 安志敏. „Changsha xin faxian de xihan bohua shitan 長沙新發現的西 漢帛畫試探“. Kaogu 考古, Nr. 1 (1973): 43-53. An Zhongyi 2012: An Zhongyi 安忠義. „Qinhan jiandu zhong de zhishu yu zhiji kaobian 秦漢簡牘 中的“致書”與“致籍”考辨“. Jianghan kaogu 江漢考古, Nr. 1 (2012): 111-16. Ao Chenglong 1959: Ao Chenglong 敖承隆, und Hebei sheng wenhuaju wenwu gongzuodui 河北 省文化局文物工作隊. Wangdu erhao hanmu 望都二號漢墓. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 文 物出版社, 1959. Ao Chenglong 1964: Ao Chenglong 敖承隆, und Hebei sheng wenhuaju wenwu gongzuodui 河北 省文化局文物工作隊. „Hebei dingxian beizhuang hanmu fajue baogao 河北定縣北莊漢墓 發掘報告“. Kaogu xuebao 考古學報, Nr. 2 (1964): 127-194/243-254. Assmann & Hölscher 1988: Assmann, Jan, und Tonio Hölscher. Kultur und Gedächtnis. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988. Assmann 1992: Assmann, Jan. Das kulturelle Gedächtnis: Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen. München: Beck, 1992. Bai Qianshen 2006: Bai Qianshen 白謙慎. Übersetzt von Sun Jingru 孫靜如, und Zhang Jiajie 張 佳傑. Fu Shan de shijie: shiqi shiji zhongguo shufa de shanbian 傅山的世界: 十七世紀中國 書法的嬗變 [Fu Shan‘s World: the Transformation of Chinese Calligraphy in the Seventeenth Century]. Beijing: Sanlian shudian 三聯书店, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin Narratives: Reading and Reverence in Late-Ming China
    Origin Narratives: Reading and Reverence in Late-Ming China Noga Ganany Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Noga Ganany All rights reserved ABSTRACT Origin Narratives: Reading and Reverence in Late Ming China Noga Ganany In this dissertation, I examine a genre of commercially-published, illustrated hagiographical books. Recounting the life stories of some of China’s most beloved cultural icons, from Confucius to Guanyin, I term these hagiographical books “origin narratives” (chushen zhuan 出身傳). Weaving a plethora of legends and ritual traditions into the new “vernacular” xiaoshuo format, origin narratives offered comprehensive portrayals of gods, sages, and immortals in narrative form, and were marketed to a general, lay readership. Their narratives were often accompanied by additional materials (or “paratexts”), such as worship manuals, advertisements for temples, and messages from the gods themselves, that reveal the intimate connection of these books to contemporaneous cultic reverence of their protagonists. The content and composition of origin narratives reflect the extensive range of possibilities of late-Ming xiaoshuo narrative writing, challenging our understanding of reading. I argue that origin narratives functioned as entertaining and informative encyclopedic sourcebooks that consolidated all knowledge about their protagonists, from their hagiographies to their ritual traditions. Origin narratives also alert us to the hagiographical substrate in late-imperial literature and religious practice, wherein widely-revered figures played multiple roles in the culture. The reverence of these cultural icons was constructed through the relationship between what I call the Three Ps: their personas (and life stories), the practices surrounding their lore, and the places associated with them (or “sacred geographies”).
    [Show full text]
  • Wang, Prefinal3.Indd
    creators of an emperor aihe wang Creators of an Emperor: The Political Group behind the Founding of the Han Empire he enthronement of Liu Bang Ꮵ߶ initiated China’s first lasting em- T pire, the Han ዧ (206 bc–220 ad), and created a model of emperor- ship for over two millennia of subsequent dynasties. Han emperorship was a mode of Chinese authoritarianism different from the extremism of the Qin, and Liu Bang’s shadow can be recognized in many later monarchs, from Zhu Yuanzhang to Mao Zedong.1 The founding of the Han was achieved by a large group of people, addressed at the time -who sup ”,۝פ and in subsequent history as “Meritorious Officials ported Liu Bang in the civil war and enthroned him as the emperor. This group was, in essence, responsible for founding the Han dynasty and instituting its particular model of emperorship. To understand the formation of the Han dynasty, and more importantly, of the political culture that breeded authoritarianism, we need to understand the na- ture of this political group and its members’ divergent interests in pro- moting emperorship. Rather than focusing on the position of the group in the institu- tions of the empire, I study the participants’ own understandings and interpretations of the process of creating an emperor. My focus is not so much on the facts of events, as much as on how events were under- stood and interpreted by the participants and subsequent writers of the time. In other words, I want to bring to the analytical foreground the multitude of thoughts and words that motivated the actions and con- structed the events involved in creating an emperor, since it is through both words and deeds that we can allocate responsibility among those who created monarchy.2 To do so, I investigate three specific ques- This article was completed with the support of a research grant from the University of Hong Kong.
    [Show full text]
  • Jinfan Zhang the Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law the Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law
    Jinfan Zhang The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law Jinfan Zhang The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law Chief translator Zhang Lixin Other translators Yan Chen Li Xing Zhang Ye Xu Hongfen Jinfan Zhang China University of Political Science and Law Beijing , People’s Republic of China Sponsored by Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences (本书获中华社会科学基金中华外译项目资助) ISBN 978-3-642-23265-7 ISBN 978-3-642-23266-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23266-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014931393 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
    [Show full text]
  • China United Ying Zheng Was the Son of Zichu, a Prince of the State of Qin
    During this turbulent time of Chinese history, building a united Name nation was a farfetched idea. But one man took up the challenge and succeeded. That remarkable man was Ying Zheng (259 B.C. - 210 B.C.). He united China in 221 B.C. China United Ying Zheng was the son of Zichu, a prince of the State of Qin. As was the custom of the time, the heads of the seven strongest By Vickie Chao city-states of the Warring States Period often held each other's sons as hostages. The concept behind this idea was that nobody would In the beginning, China was never a united want to rush into wars unless they had no regard for their own country. For a long while, the landscape was offspring. Zichu was the hostage in the State of Zhao. He was dotted with hundreds of city-states. Sometimes, miserable there. He wanted to go back to his own country, but he the heads of the smaller city-states would swear could not. One day, he had a chance encounter with a rich merchant allegiance to the head of the biggest, strongest named Lu Buwei. The two struck up a conversation, and Lu Buwei city-state. Sometimes, they would not. During was very impressed by the prince. He decided to help Zichu to this chaotic period of time, wars were very become the next Qin emperor. Using his personal wealth and common. Around the 11th century B.C., the State connection, Lu Buwei persuaded the childless Madam Hua Yang to of Zhou became a dominant powerhouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Three
    526 Chapter Three 經學昌明時代 The Period of Advancement of Classical Scholarship [3/1 SVA Introductory Comments: In the opening section of Chapter Three, Pi Xirui quotes extensively from the "Rulin zhuan" chapter of the Shi ji so as to support his position that during the reign of Emperor Wu (141-87 B.C.), Classical Scholarship was in its purest and most orthodox form. He also uses the lack of information in the "Rulin zhuan" regarding the Old Script Documents, Zhouli, Mao Shi, and Zuozhuan to argue that Sima Qian did not have access to these texts, which are texts of the "Old Script" school.] 3/11 The "Rulin zhuan" chapter of the Shi ji states, "When the present emperor2 ascended the throne, there were men such as Zhao Wan 趙綰 and Wang Zang 王臧3 who clearly understood Confucian learning and the 1[SVA: Section 3/1 corresponds to pp.69-72 of the Zhonghua ed. and to pp.60-64 of the Yiwen ed.] 2(3/1, n.1) Zhou Yutong comments: In the Chinese jinshang 今上, "the present emperor," refers to Emperor Wu of the Han. 3(3/1, n.2) Zhou Yutong comments: Zhao Wan 趙綰 was a native of Dai 代 and Wang Zang 王臧 was a native of Lanling 蘭陵. They both studied the Lu 527 emperor himself was also inclined toward it.4 He thereupon issued an order recruiting scholar-officials in the recommendation categories of Straightforward and Upright, Worthy and Excellent, and Learned.5 After this, as for giving instruction in the Songs, in Lu it was Master Shen Pei 申 培公, in Qi it was Master Yuan Gu 轅固生, and in Yan, it was Grand Tutor Han Ying 韓(嬰)太傅.
    [Show full text]