Appendix C Operation and Maintenance Plan

Appendix C Operation andMaintenance Plan

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN Former “Chevy in the Hole” / Chevy Commons Property, 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, 306 & 307 South Stevenson Street, and Glenwood Avenue (between Kearsley and North Chevrolet), Flint, Michigan

Genesee County 2005 RLF Cleanup Grant – BF 96565501

PREPARED FOR Genesee County Land Bank Authority 452 South Saginaw Street Flint, Michigan 48502

and

City of Flint 1101 South Saginaw Street Flint, MI 48502

PROJECT # 6163s

DATE August 10, 2016 Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2.0 PROPERTY LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ...... 1

3.0 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION ...... 2

4.0 CAP FEATURES ...... 3 4.1 IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AND PHYSICAL/VISUAL BARRIERS ...... 3

5.0 SEMIANNUAL INSPECTIONS AND SCOPE ...... 4 5.1 ROUTINE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES – EARTHEN CAP AND GABION WALLS ...... 4 5.2 ROUTINE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES – CONCRETE AND ASPHALT PAVED AREAS ...... 4 5.3 ROUTINE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES – STORMWATER SYSTEM ...... 4 5.4 ROUTINE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES – SECURITY FENCING AND GATES ...... 5 5.5 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS ...... 5 5.6 INSPECTION, REPAIR RESPONSIBILITY, & FREQUENCY ...... 5

6.0 RECORD KEEPING ...... 6

APPENDICES Appendix A ...... O&M Inspection Log

1.0 INTRODUCTION AKT Peerless Environmental & Energy Services (AKT Peerless) was retained by Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA) to prepare this Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Plan on behalf of the City of Flint for the property identiﬁed asChevy in the Hole / Chevy Commons located at 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, 307 & 307 South Stevenson Street, and Glenwood Avenue (between Kearsley and North Chevrolet), City of Flint, Genesee County, Michigan (subject property).

A cover or barrier (e.g. earthen cap) has been completed over select portions and is planned for the remaining vacant portions of the subject property as a part of the overall remedial approach to prevent direct contact with subsurface contaminants, prevent exacerbation of existing contamination, and to provide a stormwater inﬁltration reduction that should be maintained during future property use or redevelopment. This O&M Plan has been developed for both the capped recreational public greenspace and the remaining vacant, limited-access areas. The O&M Plan has been prepared, in part, to help demonstrate compliance with Section 20107a and is included as an attachment to the Documentation of Due Care Compliance (DDCC).

In order to maintain the integrity of the cap, gabion walls, storm water system and security fencing/gates, the City of Flint will maintain a copy of this O&M Plan and make it available to all interested parties (i.e. on-site employees, contractors, future property owners, etc.).

If the future use of the property changes, this O&M Plan must be reevaluated and revised as appropriate in consideration of those changes.

2.0 Property Location and Description The subject property is located in the City of Flint, Genesee County, Michigan and is deﬁned as 300 North Chevrolet Avenue. Refer to the DDCC for Figure 1 – Topographic Location Map and Figure 2 – Site Map – Aerial Photograph.

The subject property consists of ﬁve contiguous parcels totaling approximately 60-acres, formerly known as Chevrolet - Flint Manufacturing Division of General Motors. The subject property is bounded by the Flint River to the north/northwest, Swartz Creek to the northeast, Chevrolet Avenue to the southwest, and Kearsley Street/Glenwood Avenue to the east.

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For ease of reference in this report, AKT Peerless has designated each of the subject property parcels with a letter. These designations have no relevance to legally recorded data about the subject property.

Table A - Property Information

Parcel Address on Assessment Records Tax Identiﬁcation Number Current Owner

A North Chevrolet Avenue 40-13-301-005 City of Flint B 306 South Stevenson Street 40-13-176-002 City of Flint C Glenwood Avenue 40-13-326-005 City of Flint D 307 South Stevenson Street 40-13-251-004 City of Flint E 300 North Chevrolet Avenue 40-13-251-011 City of Flint

3.0 Hazardous Substance Information Previous environmental investigationsconducted at the subject property include the installation of temporary and permanent monitoring wells, collection and analysis of soil and groundwater samples, evaluation of the groundwater flow and evaluation of known LNAPL on groundwater. Soil and groundwater sampling and analysis was completed and concentrations ofammonia, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) were detected in the subsurface soils and/or groundwater at various locations across the subject property. Specifically, contaminants concentrations were detected exceeding Michigan Generic Non-Residential Generic Cleanup Criteria (NRCC) as defined by the NREPA, Michigan Public Act (PA) 451, 1994, as amended.

Hazardous Substances were detected above of the following Part 201 NRCC:

• Drinking Water Protection • Groundwater Surface Water Interface Protection • Groundwater Contact Protection • Soil Volatilization to Indoor Air • Inﬁnite Source Volatile Soil Inhalation Criteria (VSIC) • Finite VSIC for 2 Meter Source Thickness • Finite VSIC for 5 Meter Source Thickness • Particulate Soil Inhalation Criteria • Direct Contact Criteria • MDEQ and ASTM indoor air inhalation screening criteria

Based on laboratory analytical results, the subject property meets the deﬁnition of a facility, as deﬁned in Part 201.

Soil and/or groundwater contamination was discovered from near the surface (0.5-foot below grade surface [bgs]) to depths 35-feet bgs at various locations throughout the subject property. In addition to soil and groundwater impact, four distinct areas of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) exist as plumes at various locations at the subject property. The LNAPL areas, which represents potential acute

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risks, also exhibit contaminant concentrationsexceeding Part 201 NRCC. For speciﬁc concentrations and locations, refer to the tables and ﬁgures attached to the DDCC.

For the purpose of this O&M Plan, the entire area of subject property below the completed earthen cap areas and the existing impervious surfaces, gravel, and vegetation are assumed to be impacted and therefore the existing cover or earthen cap should be properly maintained.

4.0 CAP Features The subject property can be classiﬁed in two distinct CAP areas: the completed vegetated earthen cap areas and the vacant areas consisting of impervious surfaces (former factory ﬂoors, concrete, asphalt, gravel, or vegetation). The vacant areas are considered restricted access areas not made available for public use.

The CAP serve as a barrier to prevent direct human contact with residual contamination and mobilization of contamination, and acts as a partial inﬁltration barrier.

4.1 Impervious Surfaces and Physical/Visual Barriers The subject property includes physical barriers and visual barriers, both of which may or may not be covered with an engineered earthen cap. In addition, other vegetated or gravel covered areas are present in the vacant portion of the site, but may not necessarily serve as a physical barrier. The vacant portions of the site are intended to be limited-access areas, which are fenced, gated, and not intended for public access. The remaining areas of the subject property that have been developed with an engineered earthen cap are intended as a public greenspace for recreational use.

A portion of the pre-existing concrete building foundations (aka: factory ﬂoors) and other impervious surfaces (e.g. asphalt) may remain in place to minimize precipitation inﬁltration and serve as a physical barrier to subsurface contaminants. The pre-existing impervious surfaces will be covered with a vegetated earthen cap over time as the property is redeveloped as a recreational greenspace.

Some limited impervious surface areas will be removed thereby exposing contaminated subsurface soils during construction activities. Subsurface soils that had been or will be exposed through construction activities have been or will be capped (minimum of 4-inches thick) with an impervious surface (e.g. concrete) that is intended as a physical barrier prior to the instillation of the imported earthen cap (minimum thickness of 12-inches). In order to distinguish the existing subsurface from the imported earthen cap within the former factory areas on Parcels A, B, D, and E, some existing gravel and vegetated areas may not adequately serve as a visual or physical barrier; therefore, these areas will be covered with a visual barrier (e.g. geotextile fabric), backﬁlled with an earthen cap, and vegetated.

The visual barrier material can include geotextile fabric and/or plastic snow fence; the visual barrier utilized on Phase I/II at Chevy Commons consists ofa black, 4-ounce, non-woven, geotextile fabric. The visual barrier and/or the physical barrier, if encountered, should be obvious during future subsurface activities on the engineered earthen cap. After the proposed redevelopment and capping is complete, the visual and physical barriers should provide an adequate sign that impacted soils lie beneath. If the visual barriers are discovered during future subsurface activities (digging, trenching, etc.), the work should cease until certain requirements, as detailed in the DDCC and ECMP, can be implemented.

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5.0 Semiannual Inspections and Scope The following sections provide guidelines for the routine operation and maintenance for the cap materials and/or restricted access areas. Proper O&M is essential to ensure the respective cap materials and/or security fencing/gates remain in good condition, are eﬀective, and function as designed. The City of Flint or their designated representative is responsible for ensuring that the required inspections and necessary repairs are conducted by a qualiﬁed person(s).

5.1 Routine Inspection Activities – Earthen Cap and Gabion Walls All vegetated earthen cap areas and gabion walls adjacent to the Flint River at the subject property should be inspected twice a year, normally in the spring after all snow and ice is gone and in autumn. The inspection should note any damage or deterioration (e.g., erosion, sedimentation transport, settling, vegetation loss, or any other obvious problems that can cause deterioration or erosion of the earthen cap or gabion walls. The inspections will be performed by the property owner or their designated and competent person(s).

If any damage or deterioration to the earthen cap materials are observed, the aﬀected areas shall be repaired in a timely manner. Any observed conditionsthat may expose the visual barrier, or underlying soil will require immediate repair. For maintenance purposes, minor damages should be repaired to prevent future damage. The results of the inspection should be recorded on an inspection log refer( to Appendix A for a sample inspection log). Photographs should be taken during each inspection.

Copies of all inspection reports and documentation of necessary and/or completed repairs should be provided promptly to The City of Flint and maintained with this plan and inspection logs.

5.2 Routine Inspection Activities – Concrete and Asphalt Paved Areas The concrete sidewalks and exterior paved areas of Chevy Commons shall be inspected for damage (e.g., pitting, holes, cracks, ruts, settling, moisture seepage, vegetation, or any other deterioration that may indicate future failure). The inspector shall identify damage in need of repair. Any cracks and ﬁssures should be repaired in a timely manner to prevent further damage to the pavement that could result in or have been caused by erosion or deterioration of the earthen cap.

5.3 Routine Inspection Activities – Stormwater System The stormwater sewer system of Chevy Commons shall be inspected to ensure continued functionality. The engineered earthen cap portion of Chevy Commons, as of 2015, includes four yard drains and two outlet control structures, each of which diverts stormwater sheet flow from the surface of the earthen cap to underdrains that ultimately discharge to the Flint River. Each inlet grate should be inspected for damage and to ensure the grate is clear of any material that could effectively plug or slow stormwater flow(s). The inspector shall identify damage in need of repair. Any damage should be repaired in a timely manner to prevent further damage to the stormwater drainage system. Any debris discovered as inhibiting storm water flow should be removed.

In addition, the yard drain covers shall be removed and inspected for sediment accumulation within the drain and connective piping (if possible). If any of the drainage features are observed with sediment accumulation that is eﬀectively plugging half of the pipe diameter or otherwise appears signiﬁcant in nature shall be recorded. Over time, sediment accumulation can build and potentially plug a stormwater

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system. A potentially plugged or partially plugged stormwater system should be jetted and/or vacuumed by an experienced and qualiﬁed person or ﬁrm to maintain continued functionality.

5.4 Routine Inspection Activities – Security Fencing and Gates The perimeter fencing and gates of Parcels A, D, and E (currently vacant areas not made available for public use) shall be observed for damage and functionality. Since the security fencing and gates are expected to be operational 24 hours a day, 365 days per year, it is vital that these inspections are thorough. Any damage, missing sections, locks or other signiﬁcant components shall be recorded on the inspection log and photographed. If the fencing and gates are not noted as securing the respective parcels, repair and/or replacement shall be implemented as soon as practical.

5.5 Maintenance and Repairs Maintenance activities are to be documented in O&Minspection log and kept onsite with this plan for reference purposes. Copies of inspection logs must also be provided to the City of Flint.

Any of the inspection areas that are found to be deficient during the routine maintenance inspection should be documented and repaired by a qualified professional immediately or as soon as practical. Contact the City of Flint immediately if any security fencing or gates breaches are discovered so repairs can be completed to maintain restricted access. The City of Flint is responsible for ensuring that the required inspections and necessary repairs are conducted by a qualified person.

Signiﬁcant maintenance tasks shall not be performed without ﬁrst consulting this plan, and must be pre- approved by the City of Flint or its designees.

If problems are noted during the annual inspections or at any other time during the year, repairs will be scheduled as soon as practical. Repairs can include patching and ﬁlling or larger resurfacing or construction operations. In the event that necessary maintenance or other activities expose the underlying soil, the owner must inform maintenance workers of the potential exposure hazard. The owner must also sample any soil that is excavated from and removed from the site prior to disposal to determine the regulated destination.

Any excavation or other intrusive activity, including removing, altering, disturbing, or otherwise aﬀect the integrity of the imported clean ﬁll cap and/or the concrete and/or asphalt cap, must be replaced with a cover that provides at least an equivalent degree of protection as the original cap. Any replacement barrier will be subject to the same maintenance and inspection guidelines as outlined in this O&M Plan unless indicated otherwise by the City of Flint or its designee.

5.6 Inspection, Repair Responsibility, & Frequency The City of Flint shall be responsible for ensuring that the required inspections and necessary repairs are conducted by a qualiﬁed person. An example O&M InspectionLog is included in Appendix A of this plan. Copies of the inspection documentation should be maintained along with this plan. It is recommended that the inspections be conducted semi-annually or more frequently as deemed necessary by the City of Flint.

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6.0 Record Keeping The inspector should document any area where materials appear or are likely to become ineﬀective. Inspection Logs should be completed on each inspection. The logs will include recommendations for necessary repair of any areas discovered as damaged or likely to become damaged. The damaged materials should be repaired with similar (or improved) materials to ensure performance and longevity. Once repairs are completed, they should be documented in the inspection logs. A record of the inspections and any recommended and/or completed repairs will be maintained by the City of Flint; example inspection logs are included as Appendices A.

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Appendix A O&M InspectionLog

O&M INSPECTION LOG Chevy In The Hole / Chevy Commons Property 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, Flint, Michigan 48504

DATE OF INSPECTION: ______INSPECTION CONDUCTED BY: ______

CAP AND GABION WALL CONDITION

Condition/Operation Recommended Date Recommended Item Recommended Actions/Notes Yes No Actions Completed Actions Completed Non-Pervious Surfaces:

(e.g. asphalt & concrete) Heaving, Settling, or Cracks Pitting/ Fissures/ Holes Water Seepage Other Damage & Deterioration Pervious Surfaces:

(e.g. vegetative & stone covered areas) Erosion / Sedimentation Transport Settling Water Seepage Vegetative Loss/ Stress Exposed Visual Barrier Gabion Walls: Soil Erosion Other Damage & Deterioration

Chevy In The Hole / Chevy Commons – O&M Inspection Log O&M INSPECTION LOG Chevy In The Hole / Chevy Commons Property 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, Flint, Michigan 48504

DATE OF INSPECTION: ______INSPECTION CONDUCTED BY: ______

SECURITY FENCING/GATES AND STORMWATER SYSTEM CONDITION

Condition/Operation Recommended Date Recommended Item Recommended Actions/Notes Yes No Actions Completed Actions Completed Fencing & Gates: Missing Section(s) Damage Missing Locks Other Obvious Signs of Trespass Storm Water System (Capped area only) Material(s) plugging/ slowing flow(s) Damaged grates Erosion Sediment Accumulation Other Damage/ Deterioration

Chevy In The Hole / Chevy Commons – O&M Inspection Log

DATE

CONTRACT MANAGER Genesee County Land Bank Authority 452 S. Saginaw Street, 2 nd Floor Flint, Michigan 48502

Subject: TYPE OF MATERIAL Certification LOCATION OF MATERIAL ADDRESS CITY, Michigan ZIP CODE

Dear CONTRACT MANAGER,

As outlined in Appendix 1B, Section 300.2 of the Contract Documents for the NAME OF BID specs, COMPANY NAME is providing this certification to the Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA) for TYPE OF MATERIAL material being transported from the MATERIAL LOCATION. In accordance with the Contract Documents, I certify that the TYPE OF MATERIAL is from the following source site Category:

☐ Category 1: Virgin (Native) Commercial Borrow and Sand/Gravel Pit Sites ☐ Category 2: Commercial, Utility, and Road Construction Sites; Commercial Landscape Yards and Agricultural Sites ☐ Category 3: Industrial, Dredge Sites, Known Sites of Environmental Contamination (Gas Stations, Dry Cleaners, etc.), and Other.

COMPANY NAME certifies the following: (1) that no evidence of known or suspected sources of environmental contamination which may have impacted the proposed backfill materials has been identified; (2) that the backfill materials at this location are from a native soil source or other eligible source; (3) that the backfill materials are homogeneous in nature, consisting of the proper percentages of sand, silt, and clay; (4) that the material is free from debris, including large rocks, concrete, or other conditions; and (5) that the soil meets the backfill specifications as described in the Contract Documents.

COMPANY NAME certifies that all information submitted in the attached documents is complete and accurate, and that the soil samples were collected by a qualified and knowledgeable individual, samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with methods approved by the USEPA SW-846 and/or MDEQ PA 201, and that the soil samples are representative of the entire material proposed for use at the Authority’s properties.

By signing this document, I authorize representatives of the Authority to conduct random visits of the source sites/material locations for inspection, and collection of soil samples for independent testing.

Sincerely, COMPANY NAME

COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE TITLE

General Backfill Material Certification Form

Company: Address:

Soil Type and Category per Section 300 Part 2: ☐ Category 1 Material (Virgin Borrow Source) ☐ Category 2 Material (Agric. / Const. Sites) ☐ Category 3 Material (Other Sites) (not accepted without approval) For Cat. 2 Sites identify the total yardage of the source material

Soil Location, Name, Address:

Sampler(s) Name/Contact Information:

Sample Collection Date:

Analytical Testing Firm(S):

Indicate in following table whether topsoil material meets acceptable range per material type:

Parameter Acceptable Range General Backfill Results Environmental Testing (VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs)

Attachments:

☐ Sample Location Map/Aerial Photograph ☐ Laboratory Analytical Results ☐ Certification Letter

For GCLBA/GCLBA’s Representative Use Only ☐ Not Approved ☐ Approved ☐ Approved with the following considerations: _ _ _ _

☐ Category 1 Material, Certification Expires: ☐ Category 2 Material, Certification Approved for: cubic yards

Reviewed By: Date: _ Title:

Topsoil Material Certification Form

Company: Address:

Soil Type and Category per Section 300 Part 2: ☐ Category 1 Material (Virgin Borrow Source) ☐ Category 2 Material (Agric. / Const. Sites, ☐ Category 3 Material (Other Sites) Amended Topsoil) (not accepted without approval) For Cat. 2 Sites identify the total yardage of the source material

Is topsoil material amended? Describe:

Soil Location (Name, address):

Sampler(s) Name/Contact Information:

Sample Collection Date(s):

Analytical Testing Firm(s):

Indicate in following table whether topsoil material meets acceptable range per material type: Parameter Acceptable Range Topsoil Results pH 5.5‐8.5 % Organic Matter >2% to < 25% Texture Class SM Environmental Testing (VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs)

Attachments: ☐ Sample Location Map/Aerial Photograph ☐ Laboratory Analytical Results ☐ Certification Letter For GCLBA/GCLBA’s Representative Use Only ☐ Not Approved ☐ Approved ☐ Approved with the following considerations: _ _ _ _

☐ Category 1 Material, Certification Expires: ☐ Category 2 Material, Certification Approved for: cubic yards

Reviewed By: Date: _ Title:

OUTFALL INVENTORY Chevy Commons / Former Chevy in the Hole 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, Flint, Michigan

Genesee County 2005 RLF Cleanup Grant – BF 96565501

PREPARED FOR Genesee County Land Bank Authority 452 South Saginaw Street, Second Floor Flint, Michigan 48502

PROJECT # 6163s

DATE November 24, 2014 Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2.0 SUBJECT PROPERTY DESCRIPTION ...... 1 2.1 SUBJECT PROPERTY LOCATION ...... 1 2.2 SUBJECT PROPERTY BACKGROUND ...... 2 2.3 SUBJECT PROPERTY ACQUISITION ...... 2

3.0 OUTFALL INVENTORY ...... 3 3.1 SCOPE OF WORK ...... 3 3.2 OUTFALL REFERENCE DATA ...... 4 3.3 OUTFALL SITE INSPECTION ...... 4 3.3.1 Outfall Site Inspection Weather Data ...... 4 3.4 OUTFALL DATA SHEET / SUMMARY TABLE TERMINOLOGY ...... 5

4.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...... 9

5.0 LIMITATIONS ...... 10

6.0 SIGNATURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS ...... 10

FIGURES Figure 1 ...... Topographic Location Map Figure 2 ...... Site Map – Aerial Photograph Figure 3 ...... Subject Property Map Figures 4 thru 10 ...... Outfall Locations Maps (1 through 6)

TABLES Table 1 ...... Outfall Data Summary Table

APPENDICES Appendix A ...... Outfall Data Sheets Appendix B ...... All Attachments on Compact Disc (CD)

OUTFALL INVENTORY Chevy Commons / Former Chevy in the Hole 300 North Chevrolet Avenue AKT Peerless Project No. 6163s Genesee County 2005 RLF Cleanup Grant – BF 96565501

1.0 Introduction AKT Peerless has completed an Outfall Inventory for Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA) at Chevy Commons / Former Chevy in the Hole (subject property). The Outfall Inventory was completed in accordance with Work Activity Change Order No. 1 for AKT Peerless’ Proposal No. PS-15805, dated June 5, 2014.

The Outfall Inventory scope of work is intended to document the location, condition and observable flow characteristics of outfalls at the subject property based on site inspections and review of historical documents. This report documents the field activities, protocols, and inventory results.

2.0 Subject Property Description

2.1 Subject Property Location The subject property commonly known as “Chevy in the Hole” is located at 300 North Chevrolet Avenue, 306 & 307 Stevenson Street, and along Glenwood Avenue (between West Kearsley and North Chevrolet) in Flint, Michigan. See Figure 1 for a topographic location map, Figure 2 for a site map – aerial photograph, and Figure 3 for a subject property map.

The subject property is owned by the City of Flint and consists of five parcels of land totaling approximately 60 acres. The following table summarizes the parcels comprising the subject property:

Parcel Assessment Record Addresses Tax Identification Number Current Owner

The subject property formerly operated as part of a large automotive manufacturing complex. There are no buildings currently located on the subject property. Over time, several environmental investigations have been conducted on the site. Soil and groundwater sampling conducted has identified contamination exceeding the Michigan Residential and Non-Residential Generic Cleanup Criteria (GCC) as defined by Part 201 of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act (NREPA), Michigan Public Act (PA) 451, 1994, as amended.

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Chevy in the Hole is named for its topographic location within the Flint River valley at the confluence of Swartz Creek. The site generally slopes from south to north with an elevation drop of approximately 30- feet. The site is proximate to several residential neighborhoods, near educational institutions, and adjacent to downtown Flint.

The 60+ acre property consist of a mixture of surface covers including abandoned factory floors, paved parking areas, and rail lines, as wells as gravel covered and vegetated areas.

2.2 Subject Property Background According to historical sources reviewed, portions of the subject property have been industrially developed since at least 1886. The subject property began automobile manufacturing operations since at least 1909. Automobile manufacturing activities continued until 2004 when the last building was razed. The demolition of structures on the subject property began in 1995. The following timeline is a summary of the industrial operations at the property:

1880s – Lumber Mills, Brick and Tile Manufacturing, Flint Wagon Works

1904 – Start of On-site Automobile Manufacturing, Buick Motor Company

1936 – Sit-Down Strike

1950s – Approximately 14,000 People Employed at Overall Chevy Motors Complex

1990s – Renamed Delphi West and Plants Start Closing

2004 – Last Building Demolished

2005 – Delphi Bankruptcy

2013 – Property Acquired by City of Flint

2.3 Subject Property Acquisition The City of Flint voluntarily acquired the Chevy in the Hole property on February 8, 2013, which is comprised of approximately 60-acres for the purpose of guiding its redevelopment. Near-term goals involve implementing cleanup/response activities, complying with due care obligations, and capping all or portions of the property into an attractive low-maintenance green space.

The City of Flint has obtained various liability protections at state and federal levels. These protections allowed the City of Flint to acquire the property without taking over the responsibility to cleanup pre- existing environmental conditions. Some of the proposed response activities were defined in an Agreement, Order on Consent (AOC) entered into between the City of Flint, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) prior to property acquisition.

The City of Flint agreed to complete certain environmental activities to improve the environmental condition of the property that were deemed to be of substantial public benefit. The activities proposed include voluntary cleanup actions, evaluation of impacts to human health and the environment, and ultimately, compliance with Due Care obligations.

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Based on capacity and experience, the City of Flint entered into a Management Agreement for the GCLBA to complete and administer the proposed cleanup activities using USEPA Cleanup grant and local matching funds.

All environmental work at the property is being conducted under the oversight of the MDEQ and USEPA.

3.0 Outfall Inventory

3.1 Scope of Work AKT Peerless and others previously identified the presence of storm sewers and outfalls located at, and proximal to the Flint River and Swartz Creek. In 2013/2014, an underground infrastructure inspection was completed to better understand the relationship between groundwater, existing storm sewer systems, and the Flint River. Based on this inspection, multiple outfalls were identified in areas proximal to known contamination. In addition, on-going investigations at the subject property have identified multiple areas of petroleum based non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) on the subject property.

To better understand the existing site conditions, AKT Peerless conducted an Outfall Inventory, which included: historical data review, visual inspections, photo documentation, and reporting for outfalls located along Parcels A, B, D and E. AKT Peerless attempted to confirm sizes, locations and obvious conditions of all (including historically plugged/abandoned) outfalls to the Flint River and Swartz Creek as a comprehensive inventory with photographic documentation, where applicable.

To complete the Outfall Inventory AKT Peerless:

• Gathered, reviewed, and generally relied on existing outfall information from the City of Flint, Engineering Base Maps, USEPA, and other historical reports.

• Reviewed and relied on existing information prepared by the USEPA on Parcel A

• Conduct an outfall by outfall inspection at the property during both dry and wet weather conditions. The wet weather inspection event was conducted during a significant rain event, which allowed AKT Peerless to make visual observations (including flow and sheen characteristics) regarding Outfall discharges to the Flint River and Swartz Creek.

• AKT Peerless prepared this Outfall Inventory Report, which documents the activities performed and includes data results, outfall location site maps, outfall data summary tables, outfall data sheets, and photographic documentation.

This Outfall Inventory will assist with future planning and redevelopment activities including but not limited to: 1) identification and evaluation of preferential pathways for contamination and free product migration into the Flint River and Swartz Creek, 2) ensure the existing outfalls are incorporated into the green space capping project, and 3) assist with future regulatory compliance requirements, cleanup activities, and investigation decisions. AKT Peerless has not completed determinations as to specific plans or recommendations for the identified outfalls.

Reference materials reviewed as part of the Outfall Inventory are included on the attached CD. AKT Peerless prepared six (6) Outfall Location Maps depicting an aerial view of the site with outfall locations numbered, parcel letters, streets, and other key site features noted.

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3.2 Outfall Reference Data AKT Peerless reviewed the following reference materials (attached on CD) in connection with outfalls and/or utilities within the area of the subject property:

• Tables 1, 2, and 3 - AC Rochester Flint West – Outfalls to the Flint River, dated December 1989/1990 and Site Plans, AC Rochester Flint West, completed by Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc., dated December 1, 1989, and December 13, 1989.

The following specific information was obtained from the review of the above tables and maps:

o AC Outfall No. o NPDES Outfall No. o Pipe Diameter (inches) o Invert Elevation o Outfall Location Based on Plant Coordinate System (i.e. northing, easting) o 1989/1990 Status (listed as “Current Status”), Source of Flow, or Description

• Sanitary Sewer and Storm Water Sewer Maps (historical and current) - maintained by the City of Flint.

• East Side Interceptor - Plan and Profile Maps (D-1624, D-1625, & D-1626) for Storm and Sanitary Sewers, completed by the City of Flint, dated 1921.

• Site Investigation Report for Chevy In The Hole Site - Parcel A (Draft), completed by Lata-Kemron Remediation, LLC (LKR), dated January 2012.

3.3 Outfall Site Inspection Visual observations of the outfalls were completed in dry and wet weather conditions on June 17, 2014, and August 11, 2014, respectively. The Outfall Inventory included physical observations in order to record the following data (where possible):

• Diameters • Piping Materials • Hydrostatic Relief Drains • Flap Gates • Sheens • Flow (wet and dry weather observations) • Abandoned/Plugged • Plugging Material

3.3.1 Outfall Site Inspection Weather Data The on-site visual observations were completed in on June 17, 2014 (dry weather conditions) and August 11, 2014 (wet weather conditions). The following graph for the time period spanning from June 1, 2014 through September 1, 2014 depicts the flow of the Flint River as recorded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov).

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Dry Weather Wet Weather

On the day of observed dry weather conditions, the average flow of the Flint River was recorded at approximately 350 cubic feet per second (ft³/ s), precipitation was recorded as 0.00-inches with 0.73- inches recorded as total for the June month to date precipitation (source: http://www.wunderground.com).

On the day of observed wet weather conditions, the peak flow of the Flint River was recorded at approximately 4,000 ft³/ s, precipitation was recorded as 2.64-inches with 2.66-inches recorded as total for the August month to date precipitation, and the depth of the Flint River was noted in the field as having increased by approximately 6.5-foot within a 2.5-hour span (source: http://www.wunderground.com).

3.4 Outfall Data Sheet / Summary Table Terminology Information regarding each of the outfalls is detailed on the attached Outfall Data Sheets and is also summarized on the attached Outfall Data Summary Table. The following sections include descriptions of the terms utilized on the Outfall Data Sheets and Outfall Data Summary Table.

Outfall Numbers: AKT Peerless maintained the numbering scheme that was previously developed and documented by AC Rochester Flint West. The numbering system begins along Swartz Creek at Parcel E, numerically increasing along the creek and the Flint River in the direction of water flow (generally southerly or westerly). In the event that additional (previously undocumented) outfalls were discovered, a period and a suffix (number) was added to the nearest upstream outfall number to create additional outfall designation (i.e.: Outfall 25 [known/documented], Outfall 25.1 [newly discovered/undocumented],

OUTFALL INVENTORY | CHEVY COMMONS / FORMER CHEVY IN THE HOLE Page 5 300 N CHEVROLET AVENUE, FLIN T, MI

Outfall 25.2, 25.3, etc.). This numbering scheme was implemented to maintain the original numbering, order and sequence for the known and newly documented outfalls.

Does Not Exist (DNE) In the event that an outfall was previously documented and not observed, it was noted as “Does Not Exist” (DNE).

Location/Parcel Designation: References the parcel designation previously established for Chevy Commons / Chevy in the Hole (i.e.: A, B, C, D, E, or railroad parcel) where the Outfall is located and/or accessible.

Photographic Documentation: Photographs of the outfall include a general location photograph, a dry weather photograph, and a wet weather photograph, as available. Note, photographic documentation is not provided for certain outfalls due to thick vegetation, high water table, unidentified outfalls, or other site limitations.

Diameter: Diameter references the internal cross-section measurement of the Outfall Pipe and was either: (1) measured in the field to the closest inch, (2) estimated, or (3) defaulted to the value previously reported in the AC Rochester Flint West Data in 1989/1990.

Piping Construction/Material: Outfall piping material was either: (1) described based on appearance in the field, (2) described based on the piping material previously identified on the AC Rochester Flint West Site Plans, or (3) listed as unknown, if the piping material was not visually identifiable (as in the case of a concrete plug abandonment).

Hydrostatic Relief Drains (HRDs): HRDs are intrinsic in the design and construction of the concrete embankments along the Flint River and allow naturally occurring groundwater to drain to the river, thereby relieving hydrostatic pressure on the concrete embankment. Without functioning HRDs along the river banks, the groundwater levels could rise behind the embankment and cause significant damage to the concrete embankments via hydrostatic pressure. The HRDs are generally located at the bottom and the middle of the concrete embankments; many of the HRDs that are situated near the bottom can only be seen in summer months with generally average to low precipitation and while the river level is low.

The AC Rochester Flint West documentation included some, but not all, HRDs as outfalls. For the purpose of this Outfall Inventory Report, all of the HRDs are considered outfalls and have been assigned outfall numbers.

Flap Gates: Flap Gates are installed at various outfalls and are designed to prevent river water, when the river is at high levels, from flowing into the outfalls. The flap gates are listed as present (Yes), not present (No), missing, and/or by their shape or style.

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The flap gate shapes or styles include the following categories:

1. Round – a round flap gate over an outfall. 2. Rectangle – a rectangular plate covering an HRD outfall. The rectangular plates are generally located on the angled concrete embankments. 3. Step – a rectangle flap gate located on each bottom step of the concrete staircases constructed in the concrete embankment along the Flint River. Many of the step flap gates were observed with a second additional HDR below the step, the additional HDR was not given a unique outfall number.

Sheen Observed: Sheen is a term used to describe a general oily appearance resulting in an optical reflection or lustrous appearance on the surface of the water assumed to be the results of petroleum products floating on the water’s surface.

Flow: Flow was recorded with a qualitative method, where appropriate or possible. The following descriptive terms were utilized in describing flow observations from minimal (Damp) to maximal (Flowing):

• Unknown/Undetermined: o Observations were limited (due to slippery/wet embankments, heavy rain, or difficult access). o A distinct flow was not obvious. o Outfall may be situated at or beneath the surface of the Flint River (common with HRDs).

• Damp: o Moisture was observed as sufficient to support vegetative growth on the concrete embankment or within the outfall.

• Moist: o Water was observed sufficient to support algal growth on the concrete embankment or within the outfall.

• Slight: o Maintains visual wetness on the concrete embankment.

• Trickle: o Water was observed as emanating from the outfall and estimated to be greater than or equal to 0.1 gallons per minute (gpm).

• Minimal: o Water was observed as emanating from the outfall and estimated to be greater than or equal to 0.5 gpm.

• Some: o Water was observed as emanating from the outfall and estimated to be greater than or equal to 1.0 gpm.

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• Flowing: o Water was observed as emanating from the outfall and estimated to be greater than 5.0 gpm (at the maximum flow observed).

Abandoned/Plugged: The term “abandoned” is used as a descriptor for outfalls that appear to have received a final or complete abandonment (e.g.: plugged with concrete, bolted cover or flap gate, welded cover or flap gate).

The term “plugged” references a plugging that did not appear to be final, complete or permanent (e.g.: plugged with soil, vegetative growth, wood, inflatable rubber test plug, etc.).

Watershed Source Area: Watershed source area descriptions include obvious or suspected source areas of storm water that currently or historically discharged to the outfall. The descriptions are based on source reports, maps, site plans, historical descriptions, and/or other reference materials reviewed. Source areas were not surveyed, tested, or verified for the purpose of this report. Watershed source areas include the following general groups:

1. Approximate on-site locations of the Surface Drain Source(s) 2. Groundwater (HRD discharge) 3. City Street Storm Water Discharge 4. City Sanitary Sewers (Interceptors, Overflows, and/or Cleanouts) 5. Unknown/Abandoned (historical documentation did not appear to provide any additional detail, aside from having been abandoned)

Additional Notes: The additional notes, located on the Outfall Data Sheets, provide further detail, as appropriate, to describe the outfall, the photographs, and/or relationships between the outfall location and surface features as obtained from on-site observations, source reports, maps, site plans, and/or other historical descriptions.

AC Rochester Flint West Data: The AC Rochester Flint West Data section is located in the lower right corner on the Outfall Data Sheets. It lists the historic summary information obtained from the Outfall Data Tables, Site Plans, and/or Surveys developed by AC Rochester Flint West in 1989/1990. The data may include descriptions that represent a 1989/1990 timeframe. If the data appeared to be obviously inconsistent with current data, the historic data was presented in its original form and an “anti-sign” was inserted over the data to indicate an inconsistency.

The AC Rochester Flint West Data section includes the following information (if available):

• Location (plant coordinates, [northing and easting]) • Invert elevation • Outfall Diameter • Description (Note: Some of the descriptions include a “Future Status:” with further detail or plans as documented by AC Rochester Flint West. This “Future Status” is not an opinion of AKT Peerless and is included only as a summary of the available data representing information published in 1989/1990.

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4.0 Summary of Findings The following headings list the number of outfalls identified based on specific characteristics.

Outfall Total: • 118 Total Outfalls Inventoried (including HRDs):

Outfall Totals by Parcel Location: • 23 Along Parcel A • 61 Along Parcel B (Outfall No. 64 - Does Not Exist/No Longer Exists) • 24 Along Parcel D (Outfall No. 17a, 17, & 18 - Does Not Exist/No Longer Exist) • 2 Along the Railroad Parcel • 4 Along Parcel E

Outfall Totals by Type: • 75 Non-HRD Outfalls • 40 HRD Outfalls • 3 Outfalls with sheen observed (Outfall No. 47, 49, and 63)

Outfall Totals by Observed Flow:

Flow Description Dry Weather Count Wet Weather Count No Flow 61 55 Damp 3 0 Moist 7 1 Slight 9 5 Trickle 6 3 Minimal 0 3 Some 1 3 Flowing 1 16 Unknown 27 29 Does Not Exist 4

Outfall Totals as Abandoned/Plugged • 75 Not Plugged/Abandoned • 23 Permanently Abandoned (Outfall No. 64 - Does Not Exist/No Longer Exists) • 16 Temporary Plugs • 1 Unknown • 3 Does Not Exist (Outfall No. 17a, 17, & 18)

Outfall Totals by Primary Watershed Source Areas • 69 Outfalls with On-site drainage • 40 HRD Outfalls for groundwater discharge • 11 Outfalls from City Streets • 6 Outfalls for Sanitary Sewer

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5.0 Limitations The information and opinions obtained in this report are for the exclusive use of the GCLBA and City of Flint. No distribution to or reliance by other parties may occur without the express written permission of AKT Peerless. The report must be reviewed and relied upon only in conjunction with the terms and conditions expressly agreed upon by the parties and as limited therein. Any third parties who have been extended the right to rely on the contents of this report by AKT Peerless (which is expressly required prior to any third-party release), expressly agrees to be bound by the original terms and conditions entered into by AKT Peerless and the GCLBA.

Subject to the above and the terms and conditions, AKT Peerless accepts responsibility for the competent performance of its duties in executing the assignment and preparing reports in accordance with the normal standards of the profession, but disclaims any responsibility for consequential damages. Although AKT Peerless believes that results contained herein are reliable, AKT Peerless cannot warrant or guarantee that the information provided is exhaustive or that the information provided by GCLBA, City of Flint, USEPA or third parties is complete or accurate.

6.0 Signatures of Environmental Professionals If you have any questions or need additional information please contact at the information below:

Ryan Londrigan, CHMM Dennis Kendall Project Manager Environmental Consultant AKT Peerless AKT Peerless Saginaw, Michigan Office Saginaw, Michigan Office Phone: 989-754-9896 Phone: 989-754-9896 Fax: 989-754-3804 Fax: 989-754-3804 [email protected] [email protected]

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Figures

FLINT NORTH QUADRANGLE MICHIGAN - GENESEE COUNTY 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)

1 0 1 MILE

1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET

1 0 1 KILOMETER

MICHIGAN QUADRANGLE LOCATION

IMAGE TAKEN FROM 1969 U.S.G.S. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PHOTOREVISED 1975

TOPOGRAPHIC LOCATION MAP DRAWN BY: OGO CHEVY IN THE HOLE DATE: 06/11/2014 300 NORTH CHEVROLET AVENUE, SOUTH STEVENSON STREET, AND GLENWOOD AVENUE (BETWEEN WEST KEARSLEY AND NORTH CHEVROLET) ILLINOIS MICHIGAN OHIO FLINT, MICHIGAN FIGURE 1 www.aktpeerless.com PROJECT NUMBER: 6163s ILLINOIS MICHIGAN OHIO www.aktpeerless.com

PARCEL A

PARCEL C SITE MAP - AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH (BETWEEN WEST KEARSLEY AND NORTH CHEVROLET) SOUTH STEVENSON STREET, AND GLENWOOD AVENUE 300 NORTH CHEVROLET AVENUE, PROJECT NUMBER: 6163s PARCEL B CHEVY IN THE HOLE FLINT, MICHIGAN

PARCEL D PARCEL E LEGEND DATE: DRAWN BY: FIGURE 2 OGO 06/11/2014 400 06/11/2014 OGO 1" = 400' 200

RAY COURT Stadium Parking FIGURE 3 Atwood Stadium Historical Landfill Area of LNAPL

Reported 2014 SCALE: DRAWN BY: DATE: FLINT RIVER 0

RAY STREET PARCEL D BANGS STREET G 40-13-251-004 307 SOUTH STEVENSON STREET

FROST STREET COTTAGE GROVE AVENUE F 10 12 McARAS COURT Former Heavy Manufacturing ISLAND STREET

Vacant E BLUFF STREET 19 14 ApplianceStore MATHEWSON STREET Vacant Incinerator Former Rail Road Right of Way 25 46 Vacant PARCEL E Wood Working

CADILLAC STREET 40-13-251-011 300 NORTH CHEVROLET AVENUE

41 STEVENSON STREET Former Heavy Manufacturing 40 6 Former Gasoline KEARSLEY STREET Station

Former Heavy General Motors- Tool & Die Area of LNAPL Manufacturing 425 South Stevenson Street FLINT, MICHIGAN Reported 2014 7 CHEVY IN THE HOLE PROJECT NUMBER: 6163s 39 SWARZ CREEK Concrete Slab Substation Vacant Consumer's Energy Area of LNAPL SUBJECT PROPERTY MAP Reported 2008 Grass 300 NORTH CHEVROLET AVENUE, 320 SouthH Stevenson Street Former Heavy CHASE STREET 8 Manufacturing SOUTH STEVENSON STREET, AND GLENWOOD AVENUE CHEVROLET AVENUE Vacant Former Delphi (BETWEEN WEST KEARSLEY AND NORTH CHEVROLET) Manufacturing Former Commercial Kettering University Paint Mixing

420 Club

15 The Body Shop Bar (Vacant) Area of EPA Removal Action (2010-2013) Former Oil/Water J Reported to Contain LNAPL 2005 Separator Building Vacant PARCEL B Residential 40-13-176-002 24 306 SOUTH STEVENSON STREET

Area of LNAPL ASYLUM STREET Vacant Grassy Area Reported 2014 Former Rail Road Right of Way Former Heavy 4 Manufacturing M

FLINT RIVER HAZLETON STREET

Vacant Former Parking 5 Residential1429 PARCEL A LEGEND 40-13-301-005 GLENWOODVacant AVENUE Glenwood Avenue NORTH CHEVROLET AVENUE Grass = APPROXIMATE PROPERTY LINE THAYER STREET 30 PARCEL C 1 Former Oil/Water L = FORMER DELPHI BUILDING Residential Former Heavy 40-13-326-005 Separator Building Manufacturing

CENTER STREET Vacant GLENWOOD AVENUE WEST 2nd STREET = FORMER GM/DELPHI PARKING LOTS Grass Former 42 Residential Waste Water K FOX STREET Treatment Plant P

Residential CHERRY STREET Vacant 1701

Ray's Garage Residential www.aktpeerless.com 1940 Vacant Commercial Residential West Court Street Commercial Glenwood Avenue COURT STREET 1742 Court Street

*Site maps, current and historical site features, and property boundaries derived from consultation of various resources ILLINOIS MICHIGAN OHIO including legal descriptions, aerial photographs, historical site maps, and physical observations. An actual survey of the property was not available during the time of this assessment. The site features and property boundaries shown are approximate and do not represent a legal survey of the subject property. Outfall Location Map #1 of 6

W. Kearsley Street e

CoC nccreetet StStaiaircrcasseses

#5 Concn reete #6 #14.2 StStaia rcasese #6.1 #13a #14 #7 #13 #14.1 #8 #9 #12 Legend #10 #11 #Outfall HRD...... = #8a Outfall (without box or arrow) = #8.1 #Outfall #8.1 #13a.1 Sanitary Sewer...... = #Outfall Abandoned Outfall...... = #Outfall

AKT Peerless - October 2014 Outfall Location Map #2 of 6

CoConccreretet North StStaiairccasaseses r l

Stevenson Street

#19 #20 #17a#17a #14.1 #17#17 #18#18 #22 #16 #21.1 #21.3 #15 #18.1 #14.2 #21.2 #21

#14.3 #14.4 Legend HRD...... = #Outfall Outfall (without box or arrow) = #Outfall Sanitary Sewer...... = #Outfall Abandoned Outfall...... = #Outfall

AKT Peerless - October 2014 Outfall Location Map #3 of 6

Stevenson Street North #23

#24

#25 #28 #26 #24.1 #27

#29 CoConcncreretete StStaiaircrcasaseses #28.1 #28.2

#30 #29.1

#31

#32 Legend HRD...... = #Outfall Outfall (without box or arrow) = #Outfall Sanitary Sewer...... = #Outfall#Outftfallll Abandoned Outfall...... = #Outfall

#32.1 #32.2

AKT Peerless - October 2014 Outfall Location Map #4 of 6

W. Kearsley Street StSteeeel (y(yelellolow)w) North LaLadddderer

Parcrcelel E #44 #45 #46 #47 #42 #43 #41 #50 Stevenson Street Parccell D #49 #48#48 CoConcncreretete #49.1 StStaiaircrcasaseess

#45.1

#40.1 #39 #40 #38 #40.2 #28 #33 #37 #35 #36 #26 #37.1 #27 #29 #34 #30 #31 Legend #32.3 HRD...... = #Outfall #28.1 #28.2 #29.1 Outfall (without box or arrow) = #Outfall #32 Sanitary Sewer...... #32.2 = #Outfall #32.1 Abandoned Outfall...... = #Outfall

AKT Peerless - October 2014 Outfall Location Map #5 of 6

CCooncncreetete StStaiaircrcasaseses North

P S. Chevrolet PaParcr elel A Avenue

#50 #51#51 #50 #56.1 #63 #63.1 #64.1#65 #56 Smmall CoConcn reretee Struuctcturu e

#58 #59#59 #54 #55 #57#5757 #60 #61 #66#66 #52#52 #53#53 #54

#60a #60.2 #60.1 #62 #56.2 #58.1 #54.1 #64 No Longer Exists #49.1 Legend LaLargrge CoConccreetete HRD...... #Outfall Sttrur ctcturu e = Outfall (without box or arrow) = #Outfall Sanitary Sewer...... = #Outfall Abandoned Outfall...... = #Outfall

AKT Peerless - October 2014 Outfall Location Map #6 of 6

Center St. #72 #74 #75 #76.2 #73 #76.1 North #69#69 #71 #70 #72.2 #76

#67.2

#64.1 #65 #72.3 #72.1 #68.1 #68#68 #68 (new)

Concreetet #67 StS aia rcases S. Chevrolet #67 MeM taal Avenue LaLadddere #66#66 #67.3 Legend PaParcrcelel B #Outfall #67.1 HRD...... = Outfall (without box or arrow) = #Outfall #62 Sanitary Sewer...... = #Outfall #63 #63.1 Abandoned Outfall...... = #61 #Outfall #64 No Longer Exists

AKT Peerless - October 2014