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Final Report FINAL REPORT JULY 2016-JUNE 2019 IMPROVED COASTAL WATERSHEDS AND LIVELIHOODS PROJECT JUNE 30, 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by IUCN. ICWL Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ 3 1. PROJECT OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 4 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 6 3. DESCRIPTION OF MAIN RESULTS ..................................................................................... 11 I. Natural Ecosystems and Biodiversity Protected and Restored Through Climate‐Smart Approaches (ER1) ................................................................................................................ 11 II. Sustainability of Rural Livelihood Systems Improved Through Climate‐Smart Approaches (ER2) ................................................................................................................ 30 III. Effectiveness and Integration of “Source‐to‐sea” Watershed Governance Improved (ER3) .................................................................................................................................... 37 IV. Crosscutting Issues ...................................................................................................... 44 4. INDICATORS ..................................................................................................................... 49 5. ANNEXES: SUCCESS AND LEARNING STORIES ................................................................. 50 2 ICWL Final Report ACRONYMS ADESCO Community Development Association, El Salvador AGRACC Roundtable for Environment, Risk Management and Climate Change, Honduras AMH/E Chismuyo Chismuyo Bay Species and Habitat Management Area ASINORLU Inter-Municipal Association of the North of La Unión AVE Adaptation, Vulnerability and Ecosystems Project BRIDGE Building River Dialogue and Governance – Mesoamerican Project CDMYPE Center for the Development of Micro and Small Enterprises CENDEPESCA Directorate General for Agriculture and Fisheries, El Salvador CENTA National Center for Agricultural, Livestock and Forest Technology CEPIS Pan-American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences CLA Community Learning Activities COAL Local Advisory Committee, El Salvador COCOCO Community Consultative Committees, Honduras CODDEFFAGOLF Committee for Defense and Development of Flora and Fauna of the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation CREHO Ramsar Regional Center for Training and Research for the Western Hemisphere DIGEPESCA Directorate-General for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Honduras DPI National Police Forces, Honduras ER Expected Result FEMA Office of the Special Prosecutor for the Environment, Honduras FIAES Initiative of the Americas Fund El Salvador FONAES El Salvador’s Environmental Fund FUNDER Foundation for Rural Enterprise Development, Honduras FUNSALPRODESE Salvadoran Foundation for Social Promotion and Economic Development ICF Institute for Conservation and Forest Development, Protected Areas and Wild Life, Honduras ICMARES Marine Science Institute of the National University of El Salvador ICWL Improved Coastal Watersheds and Livelihoods Project IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MAG Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, El Salvador MARN Environment & Natural Resources Ministry, El Salvador MiAmbiente State Secretary of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mining, Honduras NGO Non-Governmental Organization PAHO Pan American Health Organization PDLS Fonseca Gulf Local Sustainable Development Plan, El Salvador PLAS Local Plan for the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources ROLA Local Environmental Observers Network SAG Agriculture and Livestock Secretariat, Honduras SAPZsurH Honduran Gulf of Fonseca Protected Areas Sub System UAMs/UMAs Municipal Environmental Units UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID U.S. Agency for International Development 3 ICWL Final Report 1. PROJECT OVERVIEW The Improved Coastal Watershed and Livelihoods (ICWL) project was implemented by IUCN between 2016 and 2019, in partnership with the Committee for Defense and Development of Flora and Fauna in the Gulf of Fonseca (CODDEFFAGOLF), the Foundation for Rural Enterprise Development (FUNDER), and the Salvadoran Foundation for Social Promotion and Rural Development (FUNSALPRODESE) to improve biodiversity conservation in the lower watershed and coastal zones of the Goascorán River in the gulf of Fonseca. USAID awarded IUCN a USD 3.7-million grant for the implementation of activities in the following municipalities: La Unión, Pasaquina, San Alejo, El Sauce and Concepción de Oriente in El Salvador; and Nacaome, Alianza, Goascorán, Aramecina, Amapala and Caridad in Honduras. The project focused on two coastal-marine areas: Union Bay in El Salvador and Chismuyo Bay in Honduras. The ICWL project worked towards three expected results: 1) Natural ecosystems and biodiversity protected and restored through climate- smart approaches; 2) Sustainability of rural livelihood systems improved through climate-smart approaches; 3) Effectiveness and integration of “source- to-sea” watershed governance improved. A fourth result was included as a transversal outcome to reduce climate vulnerability of coastal and watershed communities through an adaptation-based mitigation approach. Other crosscutting activities targeted Gender and youth, Knowledge management and Communication and outreach. ICWL intervention area Between 2011 and 2019, IUCN implemented four projects in the Goascorán basin to promote integrated watershed management. With the Building River Dialog and Water Governance (BRIDGE) project, work was conducted with local stakeholders to establish multi-stakeholder grassroots platforms, cross-border technical coordination and joint planning and organizational strengthening. Training was provided to national authorities and local leaders on integrated water management, international water law, cooperation and consensus building. Local stakeholders in Honduras and El Salvador agreed on a roadmap to legalize and strengthen national water management bodies that are part of the Bi-national Watershed Management Group, in order to enforce trans-boundary cooperation commitments. 4 ICWL Final Report With the Community-Based Watershed Management Program (PGCC) funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), experiences with multi-level water governance processes were strengthened in Honduras, fostering the creation and strengthening of community-based watershed management structures that coordinate with relevant authorities. In addition, a participatory approach to prioritize investment in technology related to adaptation to climate change and disaster risk reduction was adopted among farmers. The Adaptation, Vulnerability and Ecosystems (AVE) project looked to improve the resilience of local communities to climate change by piloting local adaptation measures to cope with the effects of drought in two specific micro basins (Honduritas in El Salvador and Lituy in Honduras). The project also contributed to national efforts in fulfilling commitments acquired as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the National Strategy on Climate Change, and the General Water Law, among others. It also generated monitoring tools based on concrete and reliable evidence related to the effectiveness and multiple benefits of ecosystem-based adaptation. The ICWL project complemented the processes initiated by these previous projects by focusing – for the first time – on the conservation of coastal ecosystems. It also implemented an innovative livelihoods enhancement strategy by harnessing community microfinance mechanisms to promote better production practices and increased income with biodiversity conservation. Projects implemented by the IUCN and implementing partners in the Goascorán watershed Funding Total project Implemen- Project Title / Countries Local Partners agency budget (USD) tation period Building River Dialog and Swiss Agency Phase I: Phase I: Water Governance for USD 3.171.450 2011-2013 (BRIDGE) Development Phase II: Phase II: Fundación Vida Mexico, Guatemala, and USD 3.476.320 2013-2015 Honduras, El Salvador, Cooperation. Phase III: Phase III: Costa Rica and Panama (SDC) USD 4.857.610 2016-2018 Adaptation, vulnerability and Ecosystems (AVE) BMU International Fundación Vida USD 5,685,800 2014-2018 Mexico, Guatemala, Climate Honduras, El Salvador, Initiative (IKI) Costa Rica and Panama Community-Based FUNDER Watershed Management IDE SDC USD 8,199,208 2015-2018 Program (PGCC) RAIN Honduras Improved Coastal United States Watershed and FUNDER Agency for Livelihoods Project CODDEFFAGOLF International USD 3,727,685 2016-2019 (ICWL) FUNSALPRODESE Development El Salvador, Honduras (USAID) 5 ICWL Final Report 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Biodiversity — the variety of life on Earth — is being lost at increasing and alarming rates. To date, this has been treated as an environmental problem. Yet the so-called biodiversity crisis is also a development crisis. Biodiversity loss threatens to undermine hard-won development gains, including in health, resilience, food security and GDP earnings.
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