INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO
PROJECT PROPOSAL
TITLE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF OF FONSECA, HONDURAS
SERIAL NUMBER PD 44/95 Rev.3 (F)
PERMANENT COMMITTEE REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF HONDURAS
ORIGINAL LANGUAGE SPANISH
SUMMARY
This Project has been designed with the aim of reducing the pressure exerted by the local communities on mangrove forests through the establishment and protection of fast-growing plantations for energy purposes as an alternative to meet industrial and household requirements, while creating awareness amongst the communities of the importance of conserving the ecosystem. Furthermore, socioeconomic surveys and mangrove species valuation studies will be implemented.
EXECUTING AGENCY NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION - HONDURAN FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (AFE-COHDEFOR)
DURATION 36 MONTHS
APPROXIMATE UPON APPROVAL STARTING DATE
BUDGET AND PROPOSED Contribution Local Currency SOURCES OF FINANCE Source in US$ Equivalent
ITTO 1,012,200 Gov=t of Honduras 279,000
TOTAL 1,291,200 j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT ABSTRACT
Name Summary Field of action Implementing agency Budget Duration
PART I. CONTEXT
A. RELEVANCE TO ITTO
1. Compliance with ITTO objectives 2. Compliance with ITTO criteria 3. Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities
B. RELEVANCE TO NATIONAL POLICIES
1. Relationship to sectoral policies affecting tropical timber 2. Relationship to subsectoral aims and programs 3. Institutional and legal framework
PART 11. THE PROJECT
1. ORIGIN
2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2.1 Development Objective 2.2 Specific Objective
3. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 3.1 Problem to be addressed 3.2 Characteristics of region or area where project will be located 3.3 Other relevant aspects of "pre-project situation" 3.4 Intended situation after project completion 3.5 Target beneficiaries and others affected 3.6 Project strategy 3.6.1 Reasons for selection 3.6.2 Lessons drawn from past evaluation 3.6.3 Technical and scientific aspects 3.6.4 Economic aspects 3.6.5 Environmental/ecological aspects 3.6.6 Social aspects 3.6.7 Managerial aspects 3.7 Reasons for ITTO support
-1- 3.7.1 ITTO aspects 3.7.2 Relationship to relevant actions supported by other donors 3.8 Risks
4. OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES
5. ACTIVITIES AND INPUTS
6. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK WORKSHEETS
7. WORK PLAN
8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXECUTION AND OPERATION
8.1 Management structure 8.2 Future operation and maintenance 8.3 Key staff
9. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES
10. POSSIBLE FUTURE ACTIONS
PART Ill. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION
1. Arrangements for reporting 2. Arrangements for ITTO monitoring and review 3. Evaluation
PART IV. BUDGET
Total budget by activity 1. Consolidated yearly budget 2. Consolidated project budget by component 3. Breakdown of capital items and consumable items from ITTO contribution 4. Breakdown of capital items and consumable items from AFE/COHDEFOR contribution
ANNEXES
No.1 Terms of reference No.2 Project organizational chart NO.3 Training plan NoA Map of project area NO.5 Map of soil types NO.6 Land tenure map NO.7 Resolution No. GG-486-96 on "Forest product prices and fees for tecnical services" No. 8 Decree No. 163-93 - "Law on Incentives for Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Protection"
-2- PART I. CONTEXT
A. Relevance with ITTO
1. Compliance with ITTO objectives
The proposed project is consistent with the objectives established in Article 1 of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994: c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources;
The project aims at solving the problem of inadequate and irrational use of the ecosystem, which has led to the degradation of the natural resources of the Gulf of Fonseca.
2. Compliance with ITTO criteria
This proposal is submitted in accordance with the provisions of Article 27 of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994; and is related to Paragraph 2 on the functions of the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management. i) Reforestation ii) Rehabilitation iii) Forest Management
It is believed that the implementation of this project in the mangrove forest will reduce the pressure placed on this resource by neighbouring communities.
3. Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities
The project conforms to the Action Plan and is consistent with the priorities established by the ITTO Committees in relation to the following areas: a. Studies, tours and seminars designed to link potential suppliers and consumers. b. Comparative assessment of silvicultural treatments in permanent sample plots.
-3- c. Study of the effect of different levels of forest harvesting on forest sustainability.
d. Help to finance exchange visits and workshop participation by technical personnel.
e. Identification of incentive schemes for attaining sustainable management.
B. Relevance to National Policies
1. Relationship to sectorial policies affecting tropical timber
The National Forest Administration, through the Honduran Corporation for Forest Development (Corporaci\n HondureZa de Desarrollo Forestal - AFE-COHDEFOR), seeking to increase the contribution of broadleaved forests to the socio-economic and ecological development of Honduras, focuses on five principal fields of action:
To sustainably develop broadleaved forest resources.
To improve forest management to make an integrated use of the resource.
To promote the forest industry through the appropriate technology to achieve regional development and generate employment in the rural area.
To stabilise the rural population from deforested hillside lands.
To coordinate public and private sector actions within a systematic institutional framework.
With the aim of ensuring the conservation and protection of broad leaved forests, the project applies the principles of multiple-use forest management, with the cooperation of the State, the private sector and municipalities, through the following actions:
Strengthening actions by public and private institutions and improving coordination in the management of natural resources.
Defining the use of broad leaved forests and identifying areas for industrial production, protection of watersheds, and land preservation (national parks and wildlife areas).
Encouraging investment that will ensure an efficient utilization of broad leaved species, their regeneration and conservation, generating, in the process, significant employment opportunities for the local communities.
2. Relationship to sub-sectoral aims and programs
The Government of Honduras, through AFE-COHDEFOR, considers the implementation of this project - Management and Conservation of Mangrove Forests in the Gulf of Fonseca - a priority, as it will facilitate the conservation of the mangrove ecosystem and the enhancement of the economic value of mangrove forests which at present are not being managed, as well as the insertion of forest products in the local market. This will contribute to reduce deforestation rates, as forests are not producing the benefits they should.
-4- The project complements the actions carried out by AFE-COHDEFOR in relation to the forests of the subsector, through the Southern Area Forest Regional Office, based in Choluteca. The said regulating body has developed a new perspective that focuses on conservation and management, departing from its former vision of development and marketing. The new conservation policy seeks to promote areas of protection of micro-watersheds for the supply of fresh town water, in cooperation with municipalities.
3. Institutional and legal framework
The forest sub-sector operates within the policy framework established for the agricultural sector under the Development and Modernisation of the Agricultural Sector Act (LDMSA), 1992. The said Act specifies the reforms to be introduced in the forest sub-sector focusing on its modernisation and the conservation of natural resources.
In this regard, AFE-COHDEFOR has undergone changes in its organisational structure. Its functions have been re-defined and re-organised in accordance with the guidelines of the LDMSA, with a view to rationalizing the utilization of resources and streamlining the institutional framework. It has now becol11e a general regulating body of the forest sector with specific operational responsibilities relating to the management of national forests and the control of sales of national forests, abandoning its previous functions of production, processing and marketing of timber. In this context, its objectives in relation to the project are:
To regulate and control all activities in the public, communal and private forest areas at the national level.
To manage public forest areas defined under the Forest Act, as well as protected wild lands and wildlife areas.
To promote the integrated development of communities through management plans administered through the Forest Social System.
To support actions of groups from the private forest sub-sector directed to the industrialisation and marketing of forest products.
To carry out forest extension and training activities in coordination with institutions from the public and private sectors.
To encourage the enforcement of the Incentives for Reforestation and Protection of Production Forests Act.
Forest development policies seek to allow the private and social sectors greater participation in the management of forests, focusing on the regulation of the process through the approval, follow-up and evaluation of management plans.
The legal structure created by the State for including rural communities in the distribution of benefits generated by the forest was the "Forest Social System". In general terms, it can be said the Forest Social System was created by Act No. 103, of January 1974, Article 24, through which COHDEFOR was established, and later improved by the Agricultural Sector Modernisation Act.
-5- Act No. 103 empowered COHDEFOR to create the Forest Social System with the participation of farmers grouped under any form of association, for the purpose of providing care and protection to the forest, promoting its regeneration and preventing forest fires, excessive grazing, illegal logging and shifting agriculture. In addition, COHDEFOR determines the participation of farmers in the benefits derived from the logging of forests. Article 25 of the same Act describes the Forest Social System in terms of: promotion and organisation, allocation of areas, identification of methods to be used, agroforestry, benefit participation, and signing of contracts between COHDEFOR and farmer organisations.
The Agricultural Sector Modernisation Act introduced some positive changes into the concept of the Forest Social System. Article No. 76 directs the National Forest Administration (Administraci\n Forestal del Estado - AFE) to include the development of rural communities into forest management plans administered by the said institution. This is an important and broader concept which involves not just working with cooperatives and farmers' associations but with the community in general. This concept is further developed in Decision No. 1039-93, of the regulations under Part VI, Aspects Related to Forestry, Act 31-92. In Section 2, Concepts and Abbreviations, Article No. 2 conceptualises the Forest Social System, broadening it to include flot only cooperatives and farmers' associations but small forest producers (to 20 hectares) either in groups or individually, in such a way that benefits from the forest can flow to most of the rural population living in the forest.
The modernisation process AFE-COHDEFOR has embarked on is reflected in the development of the Forestry Action Plan - PLANFOR 1996 - 2015, which contains the overall policy, objectives and policy instruments necessary to ensure sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations in Honduras.
Other institutions
Fishing Authority (Direcci6n General de Pesca - DIGEPESCA)
This institution belonging to the Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for the management of all marine living resources. It has effectively implemented the Fishing Act and the Marine Resources
Utilization Act. Under this legislation, this body is responsible for the protection of mangrove forests, coral reefs, and the whole of the coastal ecosystem. It has offices in Choluteca and San Lorenzo.
National Agrarian Institute (Instituto Nacional Agrario - INA)
This body which is responsible for aspects relating to land ownership, issues permits for agricultural and cattle raising development, provides technical assistance to farmers, evaluates applications for seafood production (in order to determine how prawn production projects may affect farmers' rights), and initiates production projects.
Honduran Institute of Tourism (Instituto Hondurefio de Turismo - IHT)
The Planning, Development and Establishment of Tourism Areas Act, contained in Resolution 312, of November 1982, established three coastal areas for tourism covering the whole of the coastal region of Honduras, and assigned the IHT the responsibility of coordinating development activities and issuing permits for high tide areas up to 2 km inland, with the aim of achieving its objectives.
-6- State Department for the Environment (Secretaria de Estado en el Despacho del Ambiente - SEDA)
Its specific objectives include the provision of an appropriate framework designed to guide agricultural, forest and industrial activities toward forms of utilization that are compatible with conservation aspects, the sound and sustainable use of natural resources and the general protection of the environment. Other objectives include setting up the necessary mechanisms to maintain an ecological balance, by promoting the conservation of resources, the preservation of biodiversity and the sound utilization of species and renewable and non-renewable natural resources, as well as encouraging participation of citizens in activities related to protection, conservation, rehabilitation and appropriate management of natural resources and the environment.
PART 11: THE PROJECT
1. Origin
In 1981, AFE-COHDEFOR, DIGEPESCA and SECPLAN developed a proposal for the implementation of a project on Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Forests in the Gulf of Fonseca.
In 1983, a National Seminar on the Integrated Management of Mangroves was conducted with the aim of increasing the interest in the management of the Gulfs resources, and identifying the criteria to be applied to achieve a sustainable use of the resource.
In 1987, AFE-COHDEFOR, with funding from USAID, carried out the Mapping and Forest Inventory of the Mangrove Forest, and the stratification of the forest for a more rational utilization.
In 1988, it joined the Interinstitutional Group for the Development of a Management Plan for the Coastal Resources of the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras. The objective was to provide the basic framework for a policy on sustainable regional development of the Southern Coast, based on the principles of social justice, conservation and utilization of resources at non-industrial and industrial levels.
In 1990, the Tropical Agricultural Research and Education Centre (CATIE) and AFE/COHDEFOR developed a Project Profile on "Forest Development in the Southern Region of Honduras", with a view to protecting pine forests, xerophytic forests and mangrove forests against a number of negative impacts, including illegal logging, forest fires, pests, unsound practices of bark and resin extraction, prawn production/saltworks expansion, etc. This effort was aimed at improving the availability and quality of water for rural communities, encouraging the participation of these communities in the protection of small watersheds, promoting and providing incentives to reforestation at the farm level so as to increase the availability of fuelwood and gradually decrease the supply of mangrove wood for fuel.
A further objective was to develop adequate mechanisms to regulate the expansion of prawn production/saltworks so as to harmonize economic activities with the preservation of the ecological environment.
-7- In 1993, an environmental study of the Gulf of Fonseca was conducted with the purpose of obtaining, compiling and analysing information about the region, evaluating the situation and establishing preliminary guidelines for the development of management plans designed to achieve a sustainable use of the Gulfs resources. The study was funded by USAID and implemented by the Tropical Research and Development Inc.
In 1994, the document on "Regional Program for the Management of Sustained Development of the Coastal Resources of the Gulf of Fonseca" was prepared.
This was a proposal made by the private sector to countries on the Gulf, which sought to generate scientific information that would serve as the basis for sound decision-making regarding the development of utilization plans and the establishment of control and mitigation measures to regulate the harvesting of certain threatened species.
In view of the fact that none of the studies undertaken has come to fruition, and as a result of a visit to the Government of Honduras by Mr Gary R. Burniske, Conservation Officer, Reforestation and Forest Management Division of the ITIO, in which projects that could be funded in the short term were discussed, Mr Burniske emphasised that a project on the Conservation of Mangrove Forests in the Gulf of Fonseca submitted by AFE-COHDEFOR would be of high priority and importance to the ITTO.
2. Project objectives
2.1 Development Objectives
Developing sustainable management activities in the mangrove forest of the Gulf of Fonseca to improve utilization by implementing alternatives such as establishing plantations with a view to reducing the pressure on this resource by the communities.
2.2 Specific Objectives
2.2.1 Adopting protection measures and applying the best available methods of integrated development and rehabilitation of mangrove forests (coastal ecosystem).
2.2.2 Establishing plantations for energy purposes of fast growing species for household and industrial consumption. 1
2.2.3 Training of local communities from the mangrove areas in environment protection and conservation.
1 In dry or xerophytic forest areas.
-8- 3. Project Justification
3.1 Problem to be addressed
The rapid degradation of coastal ecosystems caused by immigration to the region, uncontrolled growth which has led to subsistence activities, expansion of the prawn production industry, deforestation and degradation of mangrove forests brought about by an unrestrained extraction of firewood and other products required by saltworks, tanneries, brickyards and household consumption, have all upset the fragile ecological balance of the coast. This will lead to a crisis in industrial as well as small scale activities of unforeseeable consequences for the economy, the environment and the biological diversity, as well as other impacts, including:
A shortage of fuelwood and raw timber supplies for the construction industry. • Increased costs of raw materials for the dendro-energy and construction sectors. • Current resources from the remaining forests not satisfying the existing demand. • A lack of funding for reforestation activities.
3.2 Characteristics of region or area where project will be located
The southern region of Honduras on the Gulf of Fonseca comprises the departments of Valle and Choluteca and has a mangrove forest area of approximately 5 757 km2 (4 211 km2 in the department of Choluteca and 1 546 km2 in the department of Valle).
The total area represents approximately 5.2 percent of the nation's territory and is situated between 12°50' and 13 0 50' latitude norht and 86 0 43' and 87 0 48' longitude west.
Within this geographical area, three geomorphic zones can be discerned: the mountainous region, the plains and the coastal area.
The plains area is divided in two zones: the sedimentary alluvial layer from the coast to 15 m above the average high tide, and the upper layer to 200 m above the average high tide, both formed as a result of the uplifting of the ancient ocean bed.
The coastal area comprises the whole estuaries region and the areas flooded by the inflow of the tide. The coastal area includes nearly 1 000 km2 of estuaries, islands and lagoons. This transition zone is more dynamic than the plains and the mountainous region, and is influenced by the recent and continuous sedimentary deposits. The impact of deforestation, the absence of measures to prevent erosion, and the damming of main rivers have increased and altered the sedimentary loads in this region, speeding up the eutrophication of the region.
The mountainous headwaters of the four main rivers in the Honduran section of the Gulf - Choluteca, Nacaome, Goascoran and Negro Rivers - constitute the principal physical factors determining the availability and utilisation of the region's resources. These four rivers, which make up 76 percent of the fresh water reaching the Gulf, irrigate areas with soil depths of barely a few centimetres, making them unsuitable for agriculture. The few areas with relatively rich soils, accessible for food production, are situated in the low plains along the rivers, and are in close proximity to roads, populated areas, and port and other development facilities. These lands are contained in large
-9- properties and traditionally they have been used for industrial farming of crops such as cotton and sugar cane, and more recently, melons for export.
Climate
Honduras is situated on the path of wind currents, particularly the northeasterly currents travelling across the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans.
When these winds reach the Gulf area they have lost most of their humidity. The annual average humidity in Choluteca is 63 percent. During January and March, humidity is at its lowest, at around 50 percent. In September, it reaches its maximum, around 82 percent. The climate in this region can be classified as rainy with a very dry winter. The rainfall patterns in the Gulf of Fonseca are irregular. Annual rainfall varies from 500 mm in the northeast to more than 2 400 mm in the southeast. September is usually the wettest month and January the driest. The wet season lasts about five months (from mid May until mid July and from mid August until the end of October).
The dry season lasts six months, starting in November and ending in April. During the wet season (between July and August) there is a "short summer". This period (known as "canRcula") is more pronounced in the south than in the rest of the country.
The highest temperatures are recorded in April, while September normally records the lowest. The monthly average fluctuates between 27°C and 30°C (the annual average is 30°C).
Social Aspects
Since 1974, migration from the south region has averaged 1.3 percent annually. One in every two people born in the region migrates. Migration involves both men and women. The most popular destinations for these migrants are Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, Yoro and the regions of El ParaRso and Olancho. A substantial migration from the south region to the cities of Choluteca and San Lorenzo, is also taking place.
-10- Despite migration to urban areas, the country's south region is still quite rural; three quarters of the population in the Choluteca and Valle districts still live in rural areas. By comparison, nearly 40 percent of the population live in urban areas at a national level.
Relative distribution of urban and rural population (percentages)
Department 1974 1988 1992
Urban (%) Rural (%) Urban (%) Rural (%) Urban (%) Rural (%)
Choluteca 17.32 82.68 23.05 76.95 27.10 72.90 Valle 19.25 80.75 25.29 74.71 30.40 69.60
Illiteracy continues to be a problem in the south and the rest of Honduras. According to the 1988 census, the illiteracy rate was 32 percent (lower than that of 1974 which was 40.4 precent). The Choluteca department had a rate of 36.5% and the Valle department 34.7%.
Land Tenure
As a result of the research carried out in the project area with the participation of the mayors of the municipalities concerned, it was possible to identify a general interest in activities aimed at the establishment of plantations for energy purposes on the basis of the commitment of these municipalities to allocate lands to this end.
There are now three types of land tenure in the area, Le. private, municipal and national ownership (see Map of Land Tenure in Annex 5), but according to the statements received from the identified communities, the land tenure system does not represent an obstacle to the achievement of project objectives. The communities where plantations for energy purposes will be established within each municipality are listed below.
MUNICIPALITY COMMUNITY LAND OWNERSHIP
Alianza El Aceituno private Poso Sarco del Cubulero communal El Olanchano communal El Castano communal El Carrizo communal El Borboll6n communal Playa Grande communal EIOjustal communal Las Cabezas communal Los Guatales communal El Capulfn communal Valle Nuevo communal
-11- Goascon3n La Orilla communal El Zapote communal Los Horcones communal La Lombriz communal Los Almendros communal
Nacaome Agua Frra communal La Brea communal Playa Grande communal EIVado communal San Rafael private El Guayabo private El Nagarejo communal El Tular private Campamento communal El Papal6n communal La Cofaiza communal El Junquillo private El Transito communal
San Lorenzo El Caimito communal El Comercio communal El Corinto communal El Uvillal communal El Chorro communal La Fuente communal El Tamarindo communal El Agua Sarca private El Matiaral private El Laure private
Amapala Coyolito private El Caracol communal Playa Grande communal Playa Negra communal Punta Honda communal Las Pelonas communal San Pablo communal PaUn private La Ranjada private EIZope private Punto Novillo private Gualorita communal
-12- Marcovia San Jose national Pueblo Nuevo private Cedefio private Monjaras private Santa Cruz private Los Mangles private Punta Ratan private La Aguadera private El Botadero private
Mangrove forests are under national ownership status.
TABLE NO. 2 Distribution of total project area according to land tenure
Description Area (ha) Percentage National 30,365 38.6% Private 28,439 36.0% Communal 20,106 25.4% TOTAL 79,110 100.0%
Community participation will be as follows:
The local communities will use part of their communal, private and national lands for the implementation of afforestation and reforestation activities with fast-growing species. Provision of manpower. Acceptance/adoption of project.
Health and infant mortality: The country's south region also has high malnutrition and infant mortality rates.
In the early eighties, the national planning agency estimated that 42 percent of all families from the south were not reaching minimum subsistence levels, and that families living in semi-urban communities were consuming even less calories than rural families. Average infant mortality was estimated to be 99 per thousand. Sixteen percent of all children born in these communities do not survive past the age of five years.
-13- 3.3 Other relevant aspects of "pre-project situation"
The increase in cattle production in the low regions is causing an expansion of grazing lands, which in turn is driving farmers out of public and private lands.
Salt producers have taken over muddy plains belonging to the State for the production of salt. As salt produced in ovens is marketed at a higher price than that produced with solar energy, the adoption of new technology becomes more difficult, and this increases the pressure on the mangrove forest.
The accelerated population growth around the mangrove forest coupled with the activities of salt producers and tanners, will continue to gradually increase the pressure on the resource, as long as no alternatives are made available, for example, through plantations of fast growing species for energy purposes.
3.4 Intended situation after project completion
At the end of the project a socioeconomic study of the area will have been completed.
A supply of products from plantations of fast growing species for energy purposes will have been established.
Communities adjacent to the mangrove areas of the Gulf of Fonseca will have been made aware of the importance of managing the resource.
The basis on which AFE-COHDEFOR can formulate a plan for managing the coastal resources of the Gulf of Fonseca will have been laid.
A study to determine the economic value of the mangrove forest will have been undertaken so that the community can make an integrated use of the resource.
Supply of fuelwood, stakes, poles and raw timber for the construction industry. • Stabilization of industrial activities dependent on fuelwood energy. • Increased sources of employment and improved family incomes. • Soil improvement. • Mangrove species growth. • Conservation of the environment.
3.5 Target beneficiaries and others affected
The main beneficiaries will be the participating communities from around the mangrove forest, as project activities will bring direct and indirect benefits to them.
The industrial sector (saltworks, brick yards and others) will have a secure supply of raw materials to enable them to carry out their activities.
The results of the project will strengthen actions and guide decisions of the non-government sector involved in activities related to the ecosystem.
-14- As the mangrove ecosystem receives protection, other industries will benefit, for example, through the improvement of the quality of water and the production of prawn larvae of higher quality.
Communities that will benefit from the project
Department of Valle Target population
Municipality of Alianza 8727
El Aceituno El Pozo Sarco Cubulero Los Amates Los Luises El Castafio Paso Real Sonora Los Guates Valler Nuevo El Aguacatal La Cutu Barracones Calicanto Playa Grande La Ceiba El Capulin Borboll6n El Carrizal El Olanchano La Laguna
Municipality of Goasconin 14658
Los Limones
Municipality of Nacaome 46556
La Brea Paso de Velas Campamento El Relleno Agua Fria El Vado Guandique Las Pasitas Puerto Soto Chical El Tular La Cofaisa
-15- Playa Grande Las Palmas El Espino Cayote Pedrerito Puerto El Corcobado Nagarejo Los Camotes
Municipality of San Lorenzo 27039
Laure El Caimito Alto Verte La Punta La Sarca La Caucara Puerto Nuevo Portillo de la Gloria Nueva Suyapa
Municipality of Amapala 9655
Coyolito Puerto Grande EIZope Los Langues San Pablo Playa Negra Punta Honda Cahuano Patin Los Guates Joya Grande La Flor Gualorita
Department of Choluteca
Municipality of Marcovia 34833
Cerro Utus Punta Rat6n Pueblo Nuevo Santa Ana Cerro Butus San Jose
-16- 3.6 Project strategy
3.6.1 Reasons for selection
The main reasons for selecting the present project include:
The rehabilitation of the forest offers a starting point for community participation in forest management and an opportunity to establish new links between forestry organisations and the communities.
Forest rehabilitation can facilitate participation of the communities in the rehabilitated forest and can offer employment opportunities and practical training in forest management.
Conferring legal rights to the community for the extraction of timber and non-timber products and introducing agroforestry systems as appropriate will help raise the interest of the local population in the management of the forest while its productivity is recovered.
Every forest development activity damages the forest; however, the extent of this damage will depend on their intensity, the planning prior to logging operations, the quality of methods used, and the time elapsed between harvests.
3.6.2 Lessons drawn from past evaluations
In 1981, the Department for Economic Planning developed a project proposal for the Protection and Development of Mangrove Forests in the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, in cooperation with an Interinstitutional group formed by SECPLAN, DIGEPESCA-RRNN. and AFE-COHDEFOR
In response to one of the actions recommended by the said project proposal, a National Seminar on the Integrated Management of Mangrove Forests was conducted, sponsored by FAO and AFE-COHDEFOR
One of the results of the seminar was the identification of the need to develop a management plan for the resources of the Gulf of Fonseca. Consequently, in 1988, a seminar/workshop on a management plan for the coastal resources of the Gulf of Fonseca was conducted, with the sponsorship of the Ecological Association of Honduras. The purpose of the seminar was to standardise criteria and apportion responsibilities among the institutions involved.
In 1990, a Project Profile on Forest Development in the Southern Region of Honduras was prepared by the Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Education (CATIE) and AFE COHDEFOR, with the aim of putting a stop to the misuse of the resources of the southern region by the population which was forced to exert pressure on existing forests.
In 1993, an environmental study of the Gulf of Fonseca was conducted with the aim of obtaining, compiling and analysing information about the region, evaluating the situation and establishing preliminary guidelines for the development of management plans designed to
-17- achieve a sustainable use of the Gulfs resources. The study was funded by USAID and implemented by the Tropical Research and Development Inc.
In 1994, the document on "Regional Program for the Management of Sustained Development of the Coastal Resources from the Gulf of Fonseca" was prepared. This was a proposal made by the private sector to countries on the Gulf, which sought to generate scientific information that would serve as the basis for sound decision-making regarding the development of utilization plans and the establishment of control and mitigation measures to regulate the harvesting of certain threatened species.
All these evaluations are proof of the interest expressed by the National Forest Administration in adopting a system based on the philosophy of sustainable management and conservation of the ecosystem involving neighbouring communities.
The result of these studies have been submitted to funding institutions; however, no action has yet been taken.
3.6.3 Technical and scientific aspects
The problem of deterioration of mangrove forests by the causes discussed above will be addressed through forestry activities which will ensure the conservation of forests, the establishment of an alternative source of forest resources, and the generation of new economic activities for neighbouring communities who are aware of and interested in the situation and issues affecting the ecosystem.
The project will focus on the following three components:
Forest management - within this component activities to protect mangrove forests from illegal logging and to prevent deforestation caused by the expansion of the prawn industry will be carried out, as well as forestry activities aimed at the rehabilitation of areas degraded by logging and deforestation.
Plantations of fast growing species for energy purposes - this will require the establishment of nurseries in accordance with the availability of areas to be planted by small landholders.
The selection of species will be done on the basis of their adaptability to the environment and suitability as substitutes for mangrove species according to the uses currently given to them. Plantations will be established in accordance with the use intended. The necessary technical assistance in the monitoring of plantations will be provided to each beneficiary.
Training - this component will focus on every activity that, within the duration of the project, will help to raise the level of awareness among forest communities participating directly and indirectly in the process of economic development of the area, regarding the importance of the ecosystem to be managed.
-18- 3.6.4 Economic aspects
General Description of the Project
The project will cover the whole coastal region of the Valle Department and part of the Marcovia Municipality, Department of Choluteca, extending over an area of 79 110 hectares. The areas of priority are the mangrove forests of Chismuyo Bay (13 910 ha), San Lorenzo Bay (13 012 ha) and the coastal areas adjacent to the saltworks of the Chismuyo Bay and San Lorenzo Bay (52 188 ha).
TABLE NO. 3 Land Use Distribution in the Project Area (in hectares)
Land use Chismuyo Bay San Lorenzo Bay Mangrove forest 13,910 13, 012 Broadleaved forest 733 19 Scrub/shrub formations 7,162 11 ,592 Agriculture 11,323 15, 175 Population 757 1 ,184 Saltworks 248 622 Prawn production 267 1147 Beach areas 670 689 35, 070 44, 040
The project will focus on three basic elements:
1. Forest management 2. Plantations for energy purposes 3. Training
The forest management component will involve silvicultural and protection activities, particularly for mangrove forests.
Silviculture: Identification of degraded areas or areas in the process of degradation as a result of the destruction of the vegetation cover. Reforestation activities will be carried out in these areas through plantations for the preservation of the ecosystem. • Harvesting: Integrated tree harvesting will be ensured through adequate felling methods, followed by reforestation of the harvested trees. • Protection: Monitoring and controls will be implementing through land and sea patrols so as to avoid illegal logging. These activities will be closely coordinated with the Fishing Authority (DIGEPESCA). • Plantations: This activity will involve the planting of fast-growing tree species so as to reduce in the short term the pressure exerted on mangrove forests by industrial and non-industrial logging.
-19- The areas to be reforested to rehabilitate the mangrove ecosystem are:
1. Bahfa de Chismuyo 2. Bahfa de San Lorenzo
The areas for the establishment of plantations for energy purposes will be identified along a strip of up to 10 kilometres from the coastal areas of the Municipalities of Alianza, Amapala, Goascoriln, Nacaome and San Lorenzo in the Department of Valle, and the Municipality of Marcovia in the Department of Choluteca.
The criterion for the selection of this land strip has been the reduction of transport costs for plantation products to consumption centres.
AREAS TO BE REFORESTED
Out of the total project area (see Table No. 3), 46,428 hectares or 59% is considered to be suitable for reforestation activities, which, in accordance with project objectives, will be as follows:
A. 26,922 hectares within the coastal ecosystem where mangrove forests are located;
B. 19,506 hectares within the dry or xerophytic forest ecosystem, which currently include 752 hectares (4%) of broadleaved forest and 18,754 hectares (96%) of shrub formations, with a predominance of Mimosa, Prosopis and Cesalpinea species.
These areas are mainly located in the valley (plains) area and coastal area.
Based on project concept and objectives, the following two reforestation techniques are proposed: a. Reforestation through propagules, specifically in degraded areas and harvesting areas within the mangrove forests so as to ensure the sustainability of natural species and avoid altering the biological balance of the coastal ecosystem.
b. Reforestation through seedlings from dry or xerophytic forest areas, using those native or exotic species that have shown the best growth and yield rates, in order to ensure forest product production in the short term (3-10 years).
Reforestation targets
Given the climate effects on rainfall distribution throughout the year in addition to poor soil fertility, the rotation cycles of species for energy purposes and the lack of an irrigation system in the southern region, it will only be possible to establish fast-growing species plantations on an yearly basis. Another limiting factor is the maturity period of propagules from species of the Rhizophora, Avicennia and Laguncularia genera in mangrove forests (August - November).
Yearly reforestation targets will be set to meet the needs for energy self-sufficiency, local timber requirements for construction and other uses, improvement of income through forest resource production and marketing, rehabilitation of mangrove forests (coastal ecosystem) ensuring the integrated utilization of trees, and establishment of the technical capabilities required for the management and establishment of new plantations
-20- so as to contribute to community development and to the conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources in the area.
Mangrove reforestation
Firewood extraction for household purposes (energy and construction) and commercial purposes (mainly saltworks) coupled with uncontrolled harvesting of mangrove bark for the tanning industry are the primary causes of deforestation.
The following table shows harvesting volumes for the different products.
TABLE No.4 Harvesting of mangroves for various uses 1985-1995
3 3 3 Year Firewood (m ) Bark (m ) Timber (m ) 1985 4068 505 817 1990 1 050 200 625 1991 2200 165 675 1992 2780 159 780 1993 2920 150 885
1994 2088 194 873
1995 1 312 250 --
There are several justifications for embarking on the reforestation of degraded mangrove areas, including the following:
All the timber used in the construction of housing in the area of the Gulf of Fonseca comes from mangrove forests, mainly from the Rhizophora species (red mangrove). One hectare of mature mangrove forest yields 3 an average of 40.28 m , so in order to satisfy the average consumption of 2517m reported in the last 6 years, an area of 62.5 hectares needs to be harvested annually.
There is a total of six industries involved in the tanning of leather where the bark of mangrove species from the Rhizophora, Avicennia and Laguncularia genera is used (100% utilization level). It is estimated that in. order to obtain a ton of bark, 5 - 6 trees with an average volume of 1.5 m3 per tree must be felled. The 3 average demand for bark is 173.6 m , for which an annual area of 20 hectares is required.
Firewood consumption for household use and for salt production is quite significant. For these purposes, 56% is harvested from mangrove forests and 44% from dry secondary forests, and in addition to Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) the species Avicinnia germinis and bicolor ("corumo") and Conocarpus erectus ("botoncillo") are also used.
-21- Collection of propagation material
The propagation material selected should be long and undamaged at the base. They should be brown in colour, with a length of 25 cm or longer. There is no need to apply pressure to separate them from the tree, they should fall easily by moving the branch.
The following precautions should be taken when handling seedlings:
Care should be taken not to damage the base. Propagation material should no be bruised. They should be placed as vertically as possible. They should be buried into the mud to a depth of about 12 inches.
Planting
Spacing will vary according to factors such as purpose, root establishment, etc. For the purposes of this project spacing of seedlings will be of one metre, while rows will be 2 metres apart. Reforestation will take place in the months of August and September. It is intended to plant 300 ha during the period of the project.
Planting of fast growing species
The purpose of this component is to reduce the pressure for firewood from natural forests through the establishment of planted forests. It is expected that 300 hectares will be planted with species suitable for firewood.
The demand for firewood for commercial and industrial purposes has increased the pressure on natural forests of the southern region, particularly on mangrove forests, causing their gradual destruction. It is suggested that by limiting the production of firewood as a commercial activity this pressure could be substantially reduced.
Under the plan, the producers would provide the land and care for the plantation, while the project would provide the necessary inputs, such as seedlings and technical assistance.
The Madelefia project (Catie-AFE-COHDEFOR) has identified about 20 species suitable for firewood production in the southern area. The most promising ones would be selected for the project.
Many farmers use natural vegetation as a supply of firewood for household use, particularly for cooking.
The already sparse vegetation in populated areas is beginning to disappear leaving the soil surface uncovered and exposed to the elements (water and wind).
Nursery
The project, which seeks to promote, encourage and guide producers in the plantation of fast growing species for energy purposes, will provide the amount of seedlings necessary to plant selected areas. Nurseries will be set up in strategic locations in order to satisfy needs at the lowest possible cost of transportation to the planting sites.
-22- Nurseries to be built will each have a minimum capacity for the production of 50 000 seedlings, which would cover 20 hectares of plantation land. Five nurseries would be needed. An average density of 2 000 seedlings per hectare is proposed (2 metres between seedlings and 2.5 metres between rows) to produce 250 000 seedlings per year.
The following strategy is envisaged by AFE/COHDEFOR as part of the policy to be implemented for the 1996-2015 period: a. Deforested areas which are currently under agricultural crops and grazing systems and are located in the areas to be allocated for forest production will be reforested through the planting of native species, preferably high-value species, and carefully selected exotic species, using suitable plantation densities and plantation management methods, with the participation of landowners, rural communities, municipalities and the private sector. b. To promote and provide incentives for the planting of species for various uses in areas adjacent to mangrove forests so as to meet the needs of the populations that are now living on mangrove supplies. c. To develop and implement a short, medium and long term reforestation plan, with the participation of the communities and interested groups, as well as the assistance of international organizations.
The above confirms AFE/COHDEFOR's commitment to the promotion of plantations at all levels, involving the three sectors -private sector, communities and organised groups- in the implementation of these activities, within the legal framework provided by Decree No. 163-93 (Law on Incentives for Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Protection) (see Annex 8).
The activities to be implemented by the private sector will be under the responsibility of landowners, for both nursery operation and plantation tending, with the assistance of AFE/COHDEFOR.
The activities to be implemented through the municipalities will be under the jOint responsibility of the relevant municipality and AFE/COHDEFOR; nursery operation and plantation tending activities will be the responsibility of the municipalities with the technical support of AFE/COHDEFOR.
In the case of activities to be carried out by communities or organized groups, the implementation responsibilities will be shared by the beneficiaries and AFE/COHDEFOR.
Reforestation programs
As shown in the table below, historically, the municipalities that have received most benefits from reforestation projects are:
-23- TABLE NO. 5 Municipalities in the southern region with plantations for energy purposes
Department of Choluteca Department of Valle
Concepci\n de MarRa San Lorenzo El Triunfo Nacaome Namasigue Goasconin Yusguare Aramecina Choluteca San Antonio del Norte San Marcos de Colon Pespire Orocuina
Plantations established from 1983 to 1993 were distributed as follows:
Department of Choluteca: 5057 ha Department Valle: 87 ha
Based on the current sale price for producers of US$2.50 per load of firewood from broad leaved species, AFE/COHDEFOR charges a fee of US$1.00 for operational technical services for each load harvested from national forests and US$0.25 for each load from private and communal forests (see Annex 7). Therefore, the income generated from these activities will be distributed within the communities as follows:
TABLE No. 6 Percentage distribution of income generated through various forest products according to forest land tenure Products Sale National forest Communal & private forest price AFEI Beneficiary AFEI Beneficiary COHDEFOR COHDEFOR
Poles 1.00 40 60 12 88
Posts 1.50 13 87 3 97
Fuelwood 2.50 40 60 10 90
Horcon (supporting beams) 4.00 15 85 3 97
Horconcillo (stakes) 6.50 10 90 2 98 * This value corresponds to the sale price of products sold by the producer at the plantation site. Exchange rate: US$1.00 = LPS. 12.00
-24- RESEARCH
Since 1982, experiments with native and exotic species have been carried out in reforestation projects for the production of firewood, timber for construction and charcoal.
The Project on Dissemination of Multiple-Use Tree Planting (MADELENA) is a regional project financed by international agencies (ROCAP and FINNIDA) and administered by the Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Training - CATIE). The project has been conducted under the technical and logistical assistance of COHDEFOR, a national institution. One of its objectives is the research of fast growing species with a view to supporting small and medium sized producers. The research will be directed at the acquisition of basic information and different techniques of plant production in nurseries, seed handling, plantation systems, management, production, forest product yields, etc.
Over 100 trials have been established in the project research areas, particularly in the dry forest region of the so called central corridor in the northern region (Comayagua, Siguatepeque, Talanga, the outskirts of Tegucigalpa, Choluteca and Valle).
The document presents research results for the southern area, listing species suitable for reforestation programs and their best applications.
BACKGROUND
In order to determine the growth potential in the southern area of the country, particularly in the low region of the Departments Valle and Choluteca, plots were established as indicated in the following table.
-25- TABLE NO. 7 DEMONSTRATION UNITS AND SEED STANDS
SITE NAME EXPERIMENT FEATURES Agua Caliente Trials on the behaviour of 13 Site situated at an altitude of Choluteca forest species 40 m above seal level; • Increment plots with two Temperature, 2JOC; rainfall forest species 1381 mm per year; soil, deep • Communal forest unit with vertisols, loam; neutral pH; life 16 forest species zone: moist tropical forest. A. Indica seed stand E. camaldulensis seed stand Pavana Centro Increment plot with 3 forest Site situated at an altitude of Choluteca species 40 m above seal level, Provenance trial of G sepium Temperature, 29°C; rainfall Communal Forest unit with 10 1381 mm per year; soil, deep forest species vertisols, loam; neutral pH, life L. salvadorensis seed stands zone: dry tropical forest. Jfcaro Galan Screening and behaviour trials Site situated at an altitude of Valle of 18 forest species 60 m above seal level; Unit for the production of Temperature, 28°C; rainfall firewood with 6 forest species 1855 mm per year; soil, shallow vertisols, sandy loam; neutral pH; life zone: dry tropical forest. Monte Redondo Screening trial of 5 forest Site situated at an altitude of Choluteca species 30 m above seal level; rainfall • Permanent increment 1972 mm per year; soil, sandy plots of 6 forest species loam, lightly acid; life zone: • Demonstration forest farm dry tropical forest. with 5 forest species La Palanca B. quinata seed stand Site situated at an altitude of Choluteca Behaviour trials of 9 40 m above seal level; provenances of Gmelina Temperature, 28.3°C; rainfall arborea 1972 mm per year; soil, deep, clay loam; life zone: dry tropical forest.
The results obtained will facilitate the identification of species that could be used with a high degree of success in different parts of the area, especially in places with similar conditions to those found in the experiment plots.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY USED
The species were selected based on growth comparisons with other exotic and native species occurring in dry areas. Complete random blocks, individual increment plots and species behaviour trials were designed. In each case, sites representative of the area were selected on the basis of their accessibility, and assurance of cooperation from individual and collective landowners.
-26- Activities, such as clearing and maintenance of buffer zones for weed control and fire prevention, were carried out regularly in cooperation with landowners. Data have been collected on diameter growth, height, survival, biomass production, costs and productivity of nurseries, and planting and harvesting activities, thanks to a data collection program which extended 3-5 years or more depending on the case.
RESULTS
The table below shows basic information obtained from the research carried out by MADELENA during the three stages of the project.
Included are data on spacing and yield which have enabled correlation of conditions prevailing in the southern region and the Central American region with average climatic conditions.
The species were selected on the basis of their properties: fast growth, coppicing capacity, multiple use and potential to be used in pure plantations and with agroforestry and silvopastoral systems.
Although there are other species, both native and adapted, that are well-known locally, they have not been included in the list because they present certain drawbacks which limit their use, e.g. slow growth, difficult site requirements, and production problems in the nursery as some species do not produce coppice shoots.
This does not imply they should not be included in reforestation programs; however, preference should be given to species which offer better prospects for alternative uses so that pressure on natural mangrove forests and other forests is reduced.
A general aspect of these species concerns their harvesting cycles which are related to the specific product to be obtained at a given age.
This is illustrated in the following table which shows total dry biomass production in Agua Caliente, Choluteca, Honduras, with three forest species at the age of 62 months.
TABLE NO. 8 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF AN EXOTIC SPECIES AND TWO NATIVE SPECIES FROM THE AREA (AGE: 62 MONTHS)
Species Trees/ha DBH Height Dry weight (ton/ha) (m) (m) Stem Foliage Total Eucalyptus 3750 6.48 8.59 97.06 34.43 131.49 camaldulensis Leucaena 3333 7.04 7.77 59.88 28.64 88.52 leucocephala Gliricidia sepium 4350 5.16 5.86 44.64 20.74 65.38
The data show potential of species such as Eucalyptus under appropriate plantation systems. Although the three species observed were managed under similar conditions of spacing and maintenance, the other two species, while showing good growth, have a lower total biomass production. Nevertheless, they still have
-27- a high potential because of their growth and management properties. This indicates that both exotic and native species with a similar potential should be included (see Table on Utilisation).
HARVESTING CYCLE (Years)
PRODUCTS SPECIES FIREWOOD POLES POSTS FODDER COPPICING CAPACITY Eucalyptus 3-5 5-8 8 - 10 - Very good camaldulesis Gliricidia 3-5 6 - 10 10 - 15 1 years Very good sepium Leucaena 3-5 6-8 - 2 years Very good leucocepha/a Guazuma 4-6 6 - 10 8 - 10 2 years Very good ulmifolia Eucalyptus 3-5 4-8 8 - 10 - Good tereticornis Azadirachta 4-6 6-8 8 - 10 - Very good indica Gmelina 3-5 4-6 6 - 10 - Very good arborea Caesalpinia 4-6 7 - 10 - Very good velutina Cassia 3-5 5-8 - Medium siamea Casuarina 4-6 8 - 10 - Poor equisetifolia
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE EXPERIMENTS
Species showing the best behaviour until the age studied (4 and 5 years) are Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Leucaena leucocepha/a, Gliricidia sepium, Gmelina arborea, and Guazuma ulmifolia. This was concluded from observations made in field experiments in the southern region. The rest of the species are suggested on the basis of observations of individual plots in various research sites by MADELENA and others involved in field work.
Knowing about the management of each species is essential to initiate a forest nursery program in the southern region. That is why all the species suggested here have a wide bibliographical and technical back up thanks to a formal research process.
Harvesting age for each product and species will depend on site selected and general management and maintenance of the plantation.
-28- Species
The following are some of the native species from (secondary) broadleaved forests preferred by the rural industries for the supply of firewood. Studies show that these species produce a volume of about 30 - 40 m3/ha at ages six to eight years (5 m3/ha annually).
TABLE NO. 9 LIST OF NATIVE SPECIES PREFERRED BY THE RURAL INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTHERN REGION
Rural Industries Common Name Scientific Name
Saltworks Brickyards Potteries
Jicaro Crecentia cujetc x x x Tiguilote Cordia dentata x Guanacaste Enterolobium ciclocarpum x x Madreado Cliricidia zepium x x Guacimo Negro Guazuma ulmifolia x x x Carb\n Blanco Mimosa platycarpa x x x Quebracho Lysiloma seemanii x x Carb\n negro Mimosa tenviflora x x x Espino ruco Prosopis juliflora x x Flor Amarilla Peoppigia procera x Guiliguiste Karwinskia calderonii x Mongollono Phitecellobium dulce x Pintadillo Caesalpinia eriostachys x x Guacimo Blanco Luehea seemannii x Chaparro Curatella americana x x Cuiscanal Acacia donnelliana x x Pie de Venado Bahuixnia spp x Roble Quercus spp x
Training
This component will focus on the implementation of every activity that will, within the duration of the project, facilitate the establishment of an ecosystem management regime by forest communities directly involved in the economic development of the area.
Training will be implemented in stages, with 20% in theoretical lectures and 80% in practical work.
-29- a. Types of training
- Preparation and maintenance of nurseries.
- Establishment and management of plantations in the project areas.
- Information: dissemination of information on various topics, awareness building activities related to the importance of the ecosystem.
- Upgrading of skills: for people with relevant knowledge and skills.
- Training: for people with little knowledge of the subject. b. Types of events
Courses, workshops, meetings, seminars, on-the-job training. c. Persons to be trained
Technical personnel to be trained as required will come from AFE-COHDEFOR, private institutions involved in the project, and participating NGO's. The training will be addressed mainly to extension officers, foresters and social promoters.
Leaders from community groups involved in the project will also be trained. Other persons to be trained will include people from municipalities and other local organisations as well as NGO's working with the communities.
Teaching material to be used in the training of beneficiaries will correspond to their educational level, and will be presented in a simple and schematic format.
The purpose of the training of leaders will be twofold: a) to provide personal education, b) to prepare personnel for the training of other beneficiaries (multiplier effect).
Training will take place within the communities in halls belonging to the municipality and other organisations, schools, churches or farmers' own homes. More important, however, will be the training conducted in situ where activities of rehabilitation of the mangrove forest and plantations by other projects are being carried out.
The Training Plan is included as Annex No. 2.
-30- 3.6.5 Ecological and environmental aspects
Since the proposed project is a re-organisation of activities directed to the rehabilitation of the ecosystem, it is believed that it will improve the productivity of the forest and benefit the communities.
It is considered that only people infringing forest legislation, rules and regulations will be adversely affected by the project. Furthermore, it is believed that the establishment of small plantation plots will not have a negative impact on the ecosystem, rather it will improve it.
3.6.6 Social aspects
Communities will participate in forestry activities to be carried out in degraded or deforested areas. The number of people who will take part will depend on the size of the area to be rehabilitated and the extent of the rehabilitation needed. Management activities will not prevent the extraction of products from the ecosystem (firewood, bark, timber and aquatic fauna) by persons who carry out such activity, provided they follow the procedures established in the current legislation.
Furthermore, a supply will be created which will gradually satisfy the demand for firewood at industrial and non-industrial levels. This will result in substantial direct and indirect benefits to the community.
The enhancement of the value of mangrove forests, will make them more competitive with other land uses such as shifting agriculture and extensive cattle raising. There will be a shift in non-forest land uses, resulting in a reduction of deforestation and easing of pressure on this resource.
3.6.7 Managerial aspects
The National Forest Administration exercises its power through the Forestry Development Corporation of Honduras (COHDEFOR). This power is conferred by Act No. 10-3, 1974, and by the Incentives to Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Protection Act No. 163-93, 1993. Under this legislation, the said body is responsible for promoting the multiple use of forest areas and encouraging their efficient and sustainable harvesting, while ensuring their preservation in harmony with water and soil resources. Therefore, the body responsible for the implementation of this project will be AFE-COHDEFOR through its Southern Area Forest Regional Office, in cooperation with other institutions involved in the conservation of the mangrove ecosystem of the Gulf of Fonseca.
-31- 3.7 Reasons for ITTO support
3.7.1 ITTO aspects
ITTO support is required to implement this project which fulfils one of the main objectives of the Organization, that is, to help member countries to implement programs and projects with a view to achieving a sustainable production of tropical timber in a way that is compatible with the conservation of forest resources and the environment.
ITTO's cooperation in the implementation of this project will help to reduce the pressure exerted by local communities on mangrove forests, through the establishment of plantations for energy purposes as an alternative to satisfy industrial and household needs. In addition, the project will raise community awareness of conservation issues.
It is believed that cooperation by ITTO, a multilateral organisation, would be appropriate as the project contributes to the achievement of one of its objectives which is to arrest the deforestation and degradation of production forests and to adopt sustainable management systems.
3.7.2 Relationship to relevant actions supported by other donors
The mangrove ecosystem is a very complex one, and many institutions have carried out studies and made proposals for the management and sustained development of the ecosystem of the Gulf of Fonseca. However, these studies have been directed to the development of the prawn industry.
As a result, a Regional Program for the Management and Sustained Development of Coastal Resources in the Gulf of Fonseca was prepared by USAID in cooperation with the National Association of Aquiculture of Honduras (ANDAH). The said program involves the countries of El Salvador and Nicaragua and is currently under review.
3.8 Risks
A potential risk that could hinder the implementation and/or success of this Project could be that the Government would allow the expansion or establishment of the prawn production industry in the mangrove forest areas. This risk has been minimized with the designation of certain areas as protected areas and AFE/COHDEFOR's interest in rehabilitating and protecting the ecosystem.
-32- 4. OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES
Project outputs and activities/inputs are described below. The specific objectives are also included.
4.1 Specific Objective No. 1
To establish protection measures and use the best integrated forest utilization and rehabilitation method.
Output 1.1
To partially satisfy the demand for timber for various uses by the neighbouring communities, while endeavouring to maintain the mangrove forest cover.
Activity 1. 1 . 1
Mapping and zoning of harvesting areas.
Activity 1.1.2
Evaluation of areas to be harvested.
Activity 1. 1 .3
Development of an operational plan for areas selected for forest management.
Activity 1.1.4
Preparation of maps of areas which have potential for reforestation and have been degraded by different causes, such as logging, extraction of bark, prawn production, etc.
Activity 1.1.5
Rehabilitation of harvested areas through the establishment of plantations.
Activity 1.1.6
Economic study to determine the economic value of mangrove species.
Output 1.2
Enforcement of the Forest Act and its provisions, rules and regulations originated by AFE-COH DEFOR.
-33- Activity 1.2.1
Coastal patrolling to detect illegal harvesting activities and the expansion of the prawn industry, and to monitor authorised logging.
Activity 1.2.2
Coordination of actions related to the protection of the ecosystem with other government institutions and NGO's.
Activity 1.2.3
Establishment of observation posts to control illegal transportation of forest products from the mangrove area.
4.2 Specific Objective No.2
To establish plantations of fast growing species for energy purposes as an alternative source for household and industrial consumption.
Output 2
To create a supply of firewood through the establishment of plantations of fast growing species.
Activity 2.1
Promotion of the establishment of plantations for energy purposes among of small and medium size landholders, including farmers' groups.
Activity 2.2
Selection of sites according to soil conditions and species to be planted.
Activity 2.3
Establishment of nurseries.
Activity 2.4
Establishment of plantations.
Activity 2.5
Provision of technical assistance in plantation management.
-34- 4.3 Specific Objective No. 3
To train the communities living near the forest in environmental protection and conservation.
Output 3
To raise community awareness of the importance of mangrove forests in the coastal ecosystem.
Activity 3.1
Organisation of an induction workshop on project implementation.
Activity 3.2
Training of project personnel in activities concerning forest extension work, nurseries, plantations and environmental education.
Activity 3.3
Building of community awareness using direct and indirect inductive methods.
Activity 3.4
Field trips to plantations established by other projects in lands owned privately or by farmer groups.
Activity 3.5
Socioeconomic study.
-35- 5. Activities and Inputs
Activities Inputs Output 1.1 To partially satisfy the demand for timber for various uses by the neighbouring communities, while endeavouring to maintain the mangrove forest cover.
Activity to achieve Output 1.1 1.1.1 Mapping and zoning of harvesting - 7 man/months - draftsperson areas. - 7 man/months - forest technician Drafting equipment Aerial photography - Drafting materials - Boat transport - 1 vehicle - 14 field trips 1.1.2 Evaluation of areas to be harvested. - 6 m/m - Forester - 4 m/m - 1 Assistant forester - 32 m/m - labourers - Boat transport - Cartographic material - Measuring equipment 1.1.3 Development of an operational plan for - 4 m/m - Forester areas selected for forest management. - 1 Computer system - 1 Software 1.1.4 Preparation of maps of areas which - 6 m/m - Draftsperson have potential for reforestation and - 6 m/m - Forester have been degraded by different - Drafting equipment causes, such as logging, extraction of - Drafting materials bark, prawn production, etc. - Photography - Boat transport -1 Vehicle 1.1.5 Rehabilitation of harvested areas - 81 m/m - Labourers through the establishment of - 9 m/m - Forester plantations. - Boat transport - Tools 1.1.6 Economic study to determine the - 4 m/m - Consultant economic value of mangrove species. - 4 m/m - National counterpart - Boat transport -1 Vehicle - Measuring equipment - Field trips - Publication of reports
-36- Output 1.2
Enforcement of the Forest Act and its provisions, rules and regulations originated by AFE-COH DEFOR.
1.2.1 Coastal patrolling to detect illegal - 15 m/m - Forester harvesting activities and the expansion - Boat transport of the prawn industry, and to monitor -1 vehicle authorised logging. - Office materials and stationery
1.2.2 Coordination of actions related to the - 14 m/m - Forester protection of the ecosystem with other - 1 Vehicle government institutions and NGO's. - Travel - Office materials and stationery
1.2.3 Establishment of observation posts to - 4 m/m - Forester 2 control illegal transportation of forest - 4 m/m - Builder to build 16 m products from the mangrove area. - 94 rnIm - Guard - 1 Vehicle - Office materials and stationery - Office equipment
-37~ Activities Inputs Output 2
To create a supply of firewood through the establishment of plantations of fast growing species.
Activities to achieve Output 2
2.1 Promotion of the establishment of - 16 m/m - Promoter plantations for energy purposes among - 1 Audiovisual equipment of small and medium size land holders, - 1 Communication equipment including farmers' groups. - Teaching materials - 1 Vehicle - 8 five-day field trips
2.2 Selection of sites according to soil - 11 m/m - Forester conditions and species to be planted. - 22 Labourers - 1 Vehicle - 1 Soil testing equipment - Cartographic material - Aerial photography
2.3 Establishment of nurseries. - 5 m/m - Forester - 2085 m/m for five nurseries to produce 50 000 plants each - 10 m/m - Nursery technician - 213 m2 Subsoil - Tools and materials - 35 kg seeds - 5 Portable watering units - 5 m/m Builder to build 60 m2 office space, shed and storeroom - Agrochemical products - Office materials and stationery
2.4 Establishment of plantations. - 9 m/m - Forester - m/m - Labourers - Tools and equipment - 1 Vehicle
2.5 Provision of technical assistance in - 6 m/m - Plantation monitoring expert plantation management. - 1 Vehicle
-38- Activities Inputs
Output 3
To raise community awareness of the importance of mangrove forests in the coastal ecosystem.
Activities to achieve Outcome 3
3.1 Organisation of an induction workshop - 1 m/m - Forester on project implementation. - Teaching materials - Audiovisual equipment
3.2 Training of project personnel in - 2 m/m - Expert consultant activities concerning forest extension - 5 Trips work, nurseries, plantations and - Teaching materials environmental education. - 1 Vehicle
3.3 Building of community awareness using - 20 Seminars / Workshops direct and indirect inductive methods. - 15 Field trips for social monitoring - 1 Audiovisual equipment - 1 Communication equipment - Teaching materials - Travel and meal expenses , 3.4 Field trips to plantations established by - 1 m/m - Forester other projects in lands owned privately - 1 Vehicle or by farmer groups. - Travel expenses - Reproduction of research material
3.5 Socioeconomic study. - 3 m/m Consultant
-39- LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX
PROJECT ELEMENTS OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE SOURCES OF DATA 1. Landowners will establish plantations of fast I Developing sustainable management activities in ACHIEVEMENT growing species to obtain income and the mangrove forest of the Gulf of Fonseca to 1. Surveys on consumption of timber and partially satisfy the demand for firewood and improve utilization by implementing alternatives 1. Demand for timber and firewood from the firewood from mangrove and other species. other products. such as establishing plantations with a view to mangrove forest was reduced. reducing the pressure on this resource by the 2. Forest harvesting permits issued by AFE- 2. Salt and brick producers will be conscious of communities. 2. Plantations of fast growing species were COHDEFOR. the fact that by planting fast growing species established to satisfy the demand for timber they will be able to obtain firewood as a and firewood. 3. Economic studies on assessment of value of substitute for the mangrove product. mangrove species.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES a) Adopting protection measures and applying 1. Harvesting is carried out in accordance with 1. Annual operational plan of management 1. The mangrove forest is being sustainably the best available methods of integrated operational plans. activities. managed. development and rehabilitation of forest. 2. Existence of plantations to rehabilitate 2. Field trips and progress reports. 2. Degraded areas will have been rehabilitated degraded areas. with the establishment of plantations leading to an improvement of the ecosystem. b) Establishing plantations for energy purposes 1. Existence of plantations of fast growing 1. Operational plan for the establishment of 1. Acceptance by landowners of the need to of fast growing species for household and species. plantations. establish plantations of fast growing species industrial consumption. on their lands. 2. Plantation usufruct agreements between 2. Field trips and progress reports. AFE-COHDEFOR and landowners. 2. There is a guarantee that plantation forest 3. Implementation of agreements. products will be of benefit to them. c) Training of local communities from the 1. Training plan for project members and 1. Training program report. 1. Open participation of the communities in the mangrove areas in environment protection communities. training program. and conservation. 2. Community interviews.
-40- WORK PLAN
SCHEDULE IN MONTHS
Output 1.1
Activities:
1.1.1 (For a full version of this table, please refer to original document - pages 49-52)
41 8. Institutional arrangements for execution and operation
8.1 Management structure
AFE-COHDEFOR will be the agency responsible for the implementation of the project, through the Southern Area Forest Regional Office.
The Project Director together with the Regional Officer in Charge of the Southern Area, will be directly responsible for the implementation of the project. A Coordinating Committee will be set up to develop a set of operational regulations that will clearly establish the duties and powers of each party, and the relationship of the project with the Regional Office. In addition, the Committee will be responsible for the planning, coordination and guidance of the project.
The Committee will be made up of the following parties:
The Regional Officer in charge of the Southern Area A representative of the International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) The National Director who will be on the committee but will have no voting rights
The project will maintain links with the following public and private institutions:
Public Sector
DIGEPESCA INA IHT SECPLAN SEDA Armed Forces Political Governors of Valle and Choluteca Municipal Mayors of Valle and Choluteca
Private Sector
Southern Association for the Conservation of Nature (ASCONA) Committee for the Protection and Development of the Flora and Fauna of the Gulf of Fonseca (CODDEFFAGOLF) National Association of Aquiculture of Honduras (ANDAH) Southern Region Salt Producers
-42- Projects being implemented in the area
Lupe/AID Corasur - European Economic Community COHASA - German Cooperation Agency World Neighbours World Vision Madelefia - CATI E Conseforh - ODAlEngland
Coordination arrangements will be in accordance with the need for active participation by farmers, salt producers, prawn producers, tanners and firewood producers, with a view to achieving the aims of the project.
8.2 Future operation and maintenance
Since the project will rely on the results of studies on fast growing species, and in view of the availability of information generated by the Conseforh, MadeleZa-Catie, Lupe, Cohasa and Corasur projects, there will be no need to establish a research centre for the project, and information and results from previous projects will be collected and used in accordance with the objectives of the present project.
8.3 Key staff
According to the proposed organisation chart, the project will have the following eight key staff members:
Project Director Administrator Three technical experts - 1 Mangrove Forest Management Exp. (International) - 1 Forestry Exp. (National) - 1 Forest Management Exp. (National) 3 Foresters (counterpart)
The terms of reference for these positions are included in the Annex section.
9. Prior obligations and prerequisites
AFE-COHDEFOR will make the necessary arrangements with the Ministry for Finance to obtain counterpart funds, following approval of the project by ITTO. The results of the said negotiations will be completed prior to project start-up. In addition, AFE-COHDEFOR will provide the physical facilities for offices and technical personnel.
-43- 10 Possible future actions
The objective of this project is to establish the basis for the development and implementation of a management plan for the entire mangrove ecosystem of the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, and so it must be regarded as a first stage. AFE/COHDEFOR will be responsible for the development and implementation of the management plan using their resources as well as national and external contributions, with the participation of the target communities of this first phase.
Part 111- MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION
1. Arrangements for reporting
The Project Officer will submit six-monthly progress reports on the implementation of the project to the Coordinating Committee and ITTO in accordance with the format approved by the ITTO.
At the end of the project, a final report will be submitted.
2. Arrangements for ITTO monitoring and review
The project will be subject to annual monitoring by ITIO representatives. This will consist of monitoring missions which will make field trips to visit project areas.
3. Evaluation
ITTO Monitoring Missions will make the decisions regarding evaluations. The evaluation dates will be jOintly agreed by AFE-COHDEFOR, ITTO and the Project Director.
-44- TOTAL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY (in US$'OOO)
-45- Output 3 Activities Act. 3.1 13.6 1.8 2.0 17.4 Act. 3.2 71.4 20.0 25.0 4.0 2.0 122.4 Act. 3.3 29.4 22.0 3.0 54.4 Act. 3.4 10.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 24.5 Act. 3.5 37.3 Sub-total - Output 3 162.2 25.0 27.0 25.0 5.8 19.1 264.1 ITTO Monit. & Evaluation 52.5 52.5 and Administrative Costs 50.1 50.1 I
MONIT. & EVALUATION Sub-total - Component 102.6 102.6
GRAND TOTAL 656.0 40.0 65.0 233.0 118.2 76.4 102.6 1,291.2
----
-46- CONSOLIDATED YEARLY BUDGET
(in US$'OOO)
No. ANNUAL TOTAL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 DISBURSEMENTS COMPONENTS 10 Personnel costs 656.0 262.0 197.0 197.0
20 Su b-contracts 40.0 15.0 15.0 10.0
30 Duty travel 65.0 20.0 20.0 25.0
40 Capital items 233.0 233.0 -- --
50 Consumable items 118.2 42.2 38.0 38.0
60 Miscellaneous 76.4 20.0 40.0 16.4
70 Admin., monit. & 102.6 34.2 34.2 34.2 eval.
99 GRAND TOTAL 1,291.2 626.4 344.2 320.6
-47- CONSOLIDATED PROYECT BUDGET BY COMPONENT
(in US$'OOO)
COMPONENT ITTO AFE-COHDEFOR TOTAL
10. Personnel costs 437.6 218.4 656.0 -- 20. Sub-contracts 40.0 40.0
30. Duty travel 65.0 -- 65.0
40. Capital items 213.0 20.0 233.0
50. Consumable items 111.0 7.2 118.2
60. Miscellaneous 43.0 33.4 76.4
70. Admin., monit. & evaluation 102.6 -- 102.6
TOTAL 1,012.2 279.0 1,291.2
-48- Detailed breakdown of capital and consumable items - ITTO contribution
COMPONENT MAN/MONTHS US$/MONTH TOTAL (US$) 10 A) PROJECT PERSONNEL 1 International Expert in mangrove forest 12 10,000 120,000 management 2 Local Experts: - Forest Management 36 1,200 43,200 - Silviculture 36 1,200 43,200 - Draftsman 13 400 5,200 Daily wages - Nurseries 243 75 18,225 - Mangrove reforestation 250 75 18,750 - Site preparation 126 75 9,450 - Plantation establishment 194 75 14,550 B) CONSULTANCIES - Economic survey 3 25,000 - Mangrove revaluation survey 4 40,000 C) TRAINING (Fellowships) International workshops/courses 100,000 19 Component Total 437,575 20 SUB-CONTRACTS - Sub-contracUForest Extension 25,000 Document - Preparation of training material 15,000 29 Component Total 40,000 30 DUTY TRAVEL -DSA 60,000 - Transport costs 5,000 39 Component Total 65,000 40 CAPITAL ITEMS Equipment Four 4x4 pick-up trucks - Twin cabin 100,000 2 boats with outboard motors 20,000 Equipment for nurseries & plantations 70,000 Computer - 480 MGbytes 9,000 Software 1,000 Laser Printer 4,000 Telefax 1,000 Office equipment 3,000 Forestry measurement equipment 5,000 49 Component Total 213,000
-49- COMPONENT MAN/MONTHS US$/MONTH TOTAL (US$) 50 CONSUMABLE ITEMS Nursery materials 14,000 Office supplies 10,000 Vehicle operation and maintenance 81,000 Vehicle insurance and personnel 6,000 59 Component Total 111,000 60 MISCELLANEOUS Sundry 43,000 69 Component Total 43,000 70 ITTO ADMIN., MONIT. & EVAL. 71 ITTO administrative costs (5.5%) 52,577 72 Monitoring and evaluation 50,000 79 Component Total 102,577 99 GRAND TOTAL 1,012,152
-50- Detailed breakdown of capital and consumable items - AFE/COHDEFOR contribution
No. Component Man/months US$/month Total (US$)
10 A) PROJECT PERSONNEL
- National Director 42 1,500 63,000
- Forest Technicians 126 800 100,800
- Administrator 42 500 21,000
- Secretary 42 300 12,600
- Caretaker/cleaner 42 200 8,400
- Driver 42 300 12,600
19 Component Total 218,400
40 CAPITAL ITEMS 20,000
49 Component Total 20,000
50 CONSUMABLE ITEMS 7,200
59 Component Total 7,200
60 MISCELLANEOUS
Sundry 33,400
69 Component Total 33,400
99 GRAND TOTAL 279,000
-51- ANNEXES
-52- TERMS OF REFERENCE
Local Consultant
Title of position: Expert in Mangrove Forest Management
Language: Spanish
Duration: 36 months
Qualifications: Forester specialised in the management of mangrove forests and coastal ecosystems with a minimum of five years experience.
Under the direction of the National Project Director and in coordination with the Regional Head of AFE - COHDEFOR of the southern region, the expert will have the following responsibilities:
1) Design of a work plan to formulate studies in accordance with the Project plan;
2) To assist in the preparation of technical reports on the ecological aspects of mangrove areas, coastal ecosystems, flora, fauna and genetic resources;
3) Participation in the formulation of studies on management plans, pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, and development programs for protected areas and areas with mangrove cover;
4) Formulation of proposals for development policies, mechanisms and strategies aimed at the development of the mangrove ecosystem, including incentives for the conservation of this resource;
5) Development of extension systems to promote and ensure the participation of the local population in the management, conservation and development of the mangrove ecosystem;
6) Formulation of recommendations on mechanisms for the participation of the private sector (prawn production, saltworks, tanning and tourism industries) in the administration of mangrove areas;
7) Design of plans for the monitoring and evaluation of projects on the management of mangrove ecosystems;
8) Design and development of a specific mangrove reforestation program which includes the selection of areas to be reforested, species to be used, identification of methodologies for planting and collection of propagules, monitoring and evaluation of reforestation activities;
9) Being capable of developing a program of integrated utilisation by selecting the best harvesting method to facilitate integrated tree utilisation;
10) Preparation of a seasonal plan with a view to obtain the best propagules to be used in the plantations.
-53- TERMS OF REFERENCE
Local Consultant
Title of position: Draftsman
Language: Spanish
Duration: 13 months
Qualifications: Studying civil engineering or architecture, or having completed a cartography or technical drawing course.
Under the direction of the National Project Director and in coordination with the Regional Head of AFE - COHDEFOR of the southern region, the consultant will have the following responsibilities:
1) Management and safekeeping of maps and drawings;
2) Compilation of data;
3) Cartographical calculations;
4) Topographical surveys;
5) Drawing and design of maps (base, forest, soil, gradient, climatological, etc.);
6) Drawing and design of training materials;
7) Drawing and design of tables and formats;
8) Processing heliographic reproductions.
-54- PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
COORDINATING COMMITTEE ITTO AFE-COHDEFOR
SOUTHERN FOREST REGION
PROJECT DIR~CTOR ...... PARTICIPATING 1..----1------' INSTITUTIONS
1---__ 1 ADMINISTRATION 1
FOREST PLANTATIONS MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR ENERGY PURPOSES
55 TRAINING PLAN - MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION PROJECT
TYPES OF TRAINING Training contents Types of events Training Participants Information Updating Training Topics Modules Courses Workshops On site Duration institutions Technicians (2) Leaders (3) Beneficiaries (4) Meetings training (days) (1) X Project - Objectives X 3 Project 8 Implementation - Component Coordination development & inter- relation X Personnel - Different levels of X 2 Project 8 administration command & Coordination responsibilities X Management of - Management X 1-5 ESNACIFOR 20 mangrove forests - Protection CONSEFORH - Reforestation PROJECT - Nurseries MADELENA - Harvesting PROJECT - Forest inventories PDBL-CAID PROJECT X The Project and the - Benefits X COHDEFOR & 2 60 community - Objectives Project - Forest legislation Coordination X Social forestry - Types of forest X 5 COHDEFOR 20 60 system extension ESNACIFOR - Commun. Media NGO's - Reforestation Incentive Law - Rural promotion & organization X Plantations - Selection of species X 5 COHDEFOR 20 60 - Soils ESNACIFOR - Nursery design PDBL - Plantation methods NGO's - Yields MADELENA - Costs
56 X Coastal - Importance of X X 3-2 COHDEFOR& 60 300 ecosystems mangrove forests Project - Fauna & flora - Implications of their destruction X Protection of - Legal prohibitions X X 2.5 COHDEFOR& 60 300 coastal ecosystem - Reforestation Project measures - Integrated & sustained use of mangrove forests X Plantations for - Importance X X 1-5 COHDEFOR & 60 300 energy purposes - Benefits Project - Markets NGO's - Types of species - Nurseries - Uses X establishment of - Use of tools X X 5,10 COHDEFOR& 8 60 300 plantations for - Site selection Project energy purposes - Selection of species MADELENA in nursery CONSEFORH - Plantation monitoring -Control of costs X Plantation - Measurements X X 3-5 COHDEFOR& 60 300 harvesting - Cuts Project - Product classif. MADELENA - Markets CONSEFORH -"- --- -1) A range of days is given because the duration of modules or groups of events may vary. 2) From COHDEFOR, other participating institutions from the agricultural sector, municipalities and NGO's. 3) Community leaders. 4) Direct project beneficiaries.
57 :[ it I. .,.;
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lJ1 IV! AP A 1) E TEl lV EJV C' 1i1 PROYECTO MANEJO Y CONSERVACJON DE LOS MANGLARES de Cor~oy EN EL GOLFO DE FONSECA, HON DU RAS
fi" e LEYENDA ESCALA 1:~OOOOO \Jso~ 110 forest all'~ Hosquf' de mangl!' • Hosqu(' latifoliado :::::::{ Uosq ue rnixto I.imife l11unieipul U\AJ ('arrdera principal ~~stuTU if:' Iql~'=lIi.:l !{ifl I.::rt'stcl (S.f(R) CaITI'll.'ra sl'('lIll!laria : .. h' ------_._--. ------.. _-.-._. __ .--- .. _------11 - 5.1 Tipos d~ Suelo Segun clasificacion de Simmons y Castellanos 1968 .- PM. Cienegas y Marismas que comprende todas las depresiones ~erc~ nas' a la cos·ta someti'das a inundaciones por crecidas de 105 rlOS 0 fluctuaaiones de mareas. En algunas partes se ha acumulado gran cantidad de turoa y en otras el material es arcilloso, 10 mejor es util izarlo para la produccion de mariscos. El uso recomendado es mantener el bosque de mangle y camaroneras en las playones con poca vegetac i'on. AA, Suelos aluviales 'de textura gruesa, bien drenados, indiferen ciacion, incluye suelos aluviales. bien drenados de primer y segunao pIano,' y terrazas' mari'nas" de textura 'franca y mas .~: ....- ...... , ... , .. ··.···r··~··- ·t"!!-.... ·,.,~·····-· •• -' •••• : .~.;t •• • .... ,··:·· "., ... ··1··" ~ .. ~ .. ,. '·.. ·l ...... :.... ~ .... -: ... . grue~~~ So.Postcton tipfca con diques naturales y las areas sob~e ter~azas mari~as. El uso recome~dado son· cultivos in~en ', ... ,' :~!" 5 iVos' con r i'ego. , . A~ Suelos aluviales de textura fina, bien drenados, sin diferen ciacion, incluye todos 105 suelos aluviales bien drenados de primer y segundo pIano de textura franco limosa y mas finas. El uso recomendado en cultivos :intensi'.£Os con riego. AM Suelos aluviales de textura fina, mal drenados sin diferencia cion, incluye todos 105 suelos aluviales mal drenados de pri mer y segundo pIano, textura franco 1 imosa 0 mas fina. El uso ~~ecomendado son cultivos con drenaje y riego, ademas para el desarrollo de la industria camaronera. ,'; Ch Choluteca franco arenosa fino, suelos desarrollados sobre mate riales aparentemente depositados bajo aguas poco profundas. El 01 - 12 - uso recomendado son pastos, cultivos bajo experimentacion y riego. Ta Tapatoca arcilla, son suelos con arcilla de color gris obscuro o negro, plastica y pegajosa, desarrollada sobre materiales muy finos depos·itados bajo agua. El uso recomendable son pastos, arroz y otros cultivos, experimentacion y riego. La Langue Franco limoso, suelos profundos, pedregosos, desarroll~ dos sobre Tocas' mafi.'cas frecuentemente en la base de 105 cerros. El uso recome:,;'dado son pastos y cuI t ivos·. Mr. Morop;ae,ay: Franco arenoso, s'ue 105 so.merbs. desarro 1.1 ados~~'sobre ma te rj.'a les ,maficos-.· El uso recomenaa5:1eel' obs'que'~ :se' p:U~der" des a -j t •• rrol·j~/~~·~~ci··~~· d~' r~~j"(l~"c'~~~i~'i.'~n'~~ ·d-~~~'in~d'~~'·;~"~s~··~~ '~~~e- Ta para energi'a Oeiiar. Cz Caguas'ca Franco arenos', s'uelos roroeros desarrollados sobre tobas volcani"cas duras de colores' claros· con alto contenido de cuarzo. El uso recomendado son e I bosque y a I i'gtla I que e I Hr son adecua dos para la plantacton de arooles desttnados para obtener madera para energia (Ieiia).- Pp Papalon Franco arenoso, suelos i?omeros, muy pedregosos, desarr~ Ilados sobre tobas volcanicas de color claro, uso recomendado es la formaci6n de bosque. Na Namasigue frahco arenoso fino, son suelos profundos desarroll~ dos sobre materiales depositados bajo aguas poco hondas, el uso .-: recomendado son cultfvos intensivos con riego. 13 Guale franco arcillo arenoso fin~, son suelos profundos desarr~ llados sobre material volcanico suave de color claro que parece cubierto por cenizas 0 rocas maficas 0 por el flujo de dichas areas, el uso recomendado son cultivos de pasto, cafe donde el clima 10 permita. Yo Yoloran franco arenoso, son suelos someros desarrollados sobre tobas volcanicas de color claro, el uso recomendado son pastos. Sp Sampi!e franco arenoso, son suelos profundos desarrollados sobre terrazas arenos'as'. 0 deltas', el uso recomendado son cultivos pr~ p lOS de 1 cl ima, ',a cor-va de n I've 1 . .. ,- AS Aluviales s'i'n d,i'f~.ren~:.i.~c.i:6n,incluy,e .11.anuraS,aluviales,donde - "-'1 as' "arec!ls' "de';' n)S ;'s'l:ie1 os" S{5r; 'pequenas' 'd£HH ao -a"9 r:arid e's ...."a r i'a-Ci (, nes de textura, drenaje ,yforma compleja, el uso recomendado er cuI t ivos' pe rma nen tes' y' pa s'tos-. . ,,- A Arena playa de mar, el uso recomendado el cultiYO de coc6teros y turi'smo. La y Mr Se encuentra en las Is'las' con s'uelos b.i,en drenados, relativame~ te profundos', desarrollados s'obr-e rocas ')101dinicas con un eleva do contentdo de matertales maficos. La mayor parte del area de los suelos se dedica al colti'vo de soosis,tencia coma maiz, sorgo y frijol. ;'~.Q 11 V E F 0 It AI'""',,,ln 1'",,1,,1 1:1'16 'tu;: iJ:zuii::- 22· 2614 'J'clt"("nn: 2:1 7711:1,2:1.2".(9 23-6,(30 2J--i3'IO, ZJ·2li07. ANEXO No • .7 Gt'POttlCWIl ~tJllJutllli.t.I cl" '13"Stlt1,,~1J'7 ¥-,'ltlS(cr/} TEGUCIGI\lPA, M.O,c=l.ttormunl\s C.I\. RESOLUCIO~ NQ GG-406-96 ADMINISTRACION FORESTAL DEL ESTADO AFE-COIlDEFOH GEHENCIJ\ GENElV\L. COMAYAGUELA, MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO CEwrRJ\L VEIN'!'IUNO DE J\Go~rl'O DE MIL NOVECIENTOS NOVENTA Y SEISe CONSIDERANDO: . Que la Adrninistracii6n Forestal del Estado, como institucion descentralizada tiende al aprovechamiento y explotacion t~cnica y racional de los. recursos naturales de la naC10l1, 10 cual constitucionalmente esta declarado de utiliuad y necesidad publica. .».: CONSIDERANDO: Que para alcanzar el enunciado consti tuciona 1 a que se refierE(el considerando anterior, los objetlvos de la Politica Forestal del Estado se obtlenen tanto por; medio de la normativa funuamental del sector forestal, . contenido en la misma ley fundamental, ley especial de la Corporacion Hondurefia de Desarrollo Forestal, leyes secundarias de la materia y la regl~mentaci6n correspondiente. CONSIDERANDO: Que conforme la ley especial de la instituci6n, La Corporacion Hondurefia de Desarrollo Forestal. es una instituci6n con· patrimonio propio, que genera fondos para e1 f inanciamiento de los., programas estatales.conducentes··a·obtener su objeto de hacer un 6ptimo aprovecha~i~nto de 10s recursos forestales ~on que;' cuenta el pals,' asegurar la proteccion, mej ora, . conservacion e illCremet:lto de 10s mismos. I CONSIDERANDO: Que el regimen patrimonial' de la Corporacion proviene,entre otros, de recurs os constituidos por valores y bi~es que adquiera a cualquier titulo; y que entre esos fondos se encuentran los provenientes de los aprovechamientos comerciales en areas forestales nacionales, asi como los que por cualquier otro tipo de servicio oferte la Administracion Forestal del Estado, para 10 cual la J\FE-COHDEFOR emitirA lasfacturas. de cobro correspondientes. CONSIDERANDO: Que al tenor de 10 expuesto anteriormente :se establece que consti tuciona 1, lega 1 y reglamentariamente La AFE-COIIDEFOH esta CacultaLla para cobrar por cualquier tipo de servici05 que preste a 105 particulares de naturaleza especial. ,; F 0 It Al'nrln.l .. '·",.Inl J:l7R AG3 22·26H Telcr'>llo: 2:1 ":7U:I. 2:1·2119 23.ei30 2.1.-tJ-tfl.2.1.2(;R7. ~ 1.'1 c-;-... C- LDt:p.otacw'l ~I!oILJU1:tlliLl J(/ ;t::;),zsl.ltttJD(},J "/-,'1 l? f[«111 TEGUCIGALPA. M.O.C., UONounAS C.A. CONSIDERANDO: Que unido a 10 anterior; portodos los productos forestales que se obtengan de las areas forestales pub1icas, e1 beneficiario de su aprovechamiento pagarfl al estado ,0 municipio titular, el precio unitario fijado por la Comisi6n Tecnica de la ~FE nombrado por esta; fijaci6n de precio que dicha comisi6n efectua dentro de los criterios que establece la ley cor~espondiente. CONSIDERANDO: Que siguiendo 10s 11neamientos que se establecen en 1as consideraciones precedentes, ,lq;~~Administraci6n Forestal del Estado ha establecido '-los criterios para hacer efectivos a favor de esta instituci6n por parte de los beneficiarios de aprovechamientos fores~ales, y para la fijaci6n de precios de madera, pago por servicios tecnicos operativos forestales prestados por AFE-COIIDEFOH y por la aplicaci6n de las multas correspondientes. ' CONSIDERANDO: Que 10 que se expresa en el considerando anterior fue materializado en las ultimas epocas por organos de la Administraci6n Forestal del Estado, emitiendose al efecto la resolucion 129-4 por el consejo Directi.vo ,de fecha 3 de noviembre de 1992, y la circular GG';"041-95 de fecha J de' enero de 1995, siendo esta ultima una consecuencia legal y reglamentaria de la primera. - . , CONSIDERANDO: Que tanto la Honorable Corte de Apelaciones de 10 Contencioso Adminis.trativo como la llonorable Corte Suprerna de Justicia, en sentencias, la prlmera, de fecha 13 de diciembre de 1995, Y la segunda, en sentencia de fecha 11 de junio de 199G, declararon. valida para que surta todos sus efectos la circular ,GG-041-95 de ~cha 3 de enero de 1995, por 10 cual • ,r legalmente, es vfl1ido y surte todos sus efectos la resoluci6n 129-4. CONSIDERANDO: Que de acuerdo con las actuales circunstancias las condiciones con base en las cua1es fUeron emitidas las referida re-soluci6n y circular han variado manifiestamente, por 10 cual' es conveniente en' lJien del interes publico, representado p~r: la Administraci6n Forestal del Estado, modificar eri su texto la indicada resolucion y circular, dejandolas sin ningun valor ni efecto, en 10 pertinente. .,FOIl A,'nrulIl" I'n .. lnl ':1''1\ , AG3 22· 2IJ 14 Tolo/n"o: 2.1.770:1, 2:1.2·H9 Z3~3Q 23·-tJiO, 2.1·2lj07. CotpOldt:WIl ~&:'IlJU1:IlIi.d J" ~(/SdULJOtJ" ¥"t(/S[(l11 TEGUCIGAlPA. M.O.C., ~IONOURAS C.A. CONSIDERANDO: Que de acuerdo con 10 que se deja expuesto en el considerando precedente, procede establecer como precio de los product os forestales en bosque I, nacional y cobros por servicios tecnicos operativos forestales en bosque privado y ejidal 10 que se consigna en la parte resolutiva en este documento. POR TANTO :. La Gerencia General de la AFE-COllDEFOH, en uso de las atribuciones que le confie~e~!la ley y en aplicaci6n d~ los articulos 340 de~1'~Constitucii6n de la RepQblica, 1,2 y 19 de la Ley de Creaci6n de la corporaci6n Hondurefia de Desarrollo Forestal, 80 del Dedreto 85 que contiene laLey Forestal y 13 del Reglamento del titulo VI de 105 Aspectos Forestciles del Decreto' 31-92 que contiene la Ley para la Modernizaci6n y Desarrollo del ~ector Agrlcola.- RESUELVE: PRIMERO: Fijar el precio de productos forestales en bosgue nacional y cobros por servicios tecnicos operativos forestales en bosque priyado y ejidal en la forma siguiente: PRECIO DE PRODUCTOB FOREBTALEB EN BOSQUE NACtONAL Y COBROB POR BERVICIOS TECNICOB ,,-I -, OPERATIVOS~ORESTALES EN BOSQUE PRIVADO Y EJIDAL ... 0 It Apnrl.".I" 1'",.1111 1:17/:1 ',.I 22·26H l' CtP01:.L1Ci..,.1'l ~e,IlJUt.IlIi.u JIl 9;)"Su1:ttJdlJ" \/-"t(/SIOIl TEGUCIGAlPA. M.D.C., HONDURAS C.". ESPECIE I Tiro DE ROSQUE NACIOHAl RQSQUE PRIVMJO Y EJWAl I PROOUCTO PRECIO DE VENT ... EN CORRO roR SERVICIO I lPS TECNICO orERATIVO ! rOOEStALES , PINO :POSTES PARA ALUHBRADO SUBASTAS .- LPS. 40.00 :ELECTRICO (H3) . HADERA EN PIE PARA ASERRIO SUBASTAS • LPS. 40.00 I (M3) .. .t.>:' ,'I • LEIIA EN CARGAS LPS. 10.00 LPS. 2.50 . (60 LERos) CARBON VEGETAL ". LPS. 8.00 LPS. 2.00 (SACO DE QUINTAL), ~POSTES PARA CERCO: (CtU) LPS. 4.00 LPS. 1.20 '., RESINA (BARRIL) LPS. 35.00 LPS. 3.50 RAlEO POR CLASE DIAMETRICA (M3) / ../ lOA 23.9 LPS. 12.00 , 24 1\ 29.9 SUBASTAS " LPS. 24.00'/ 30p HAS LPS • 40.00 .- VARAS (ctU) LPS 2.00 LPS. 0.50 TUNQUILLAS (etU) LPS 0.50 LPS. 0.20 1I0RCONCILLOS (CtU) LPS 6.00 LPS. 1.00 .. 9ARREDERAS (ctU) LPSJ;4.00 LPS • 1.60 CUJES (ctU) LPS., 2;00. LPS • 0.50 SEHILLA (CONOS SA CO DE A LPS. 10.00 LPS. 3.00 CMGA) ASTILLAS DE OCOTE (H3 lPS. 10.00 LPS. 3.00 ESTER EO) . 1 • L1QUIDAHBAR ACEITE (BARRIl) ,," LPS. 300.00 LPS . 50.00 HANGLE CORTEZA (TONELAOA) LPS. 100.00 LPS. 20.00 NANCE NACASCOlO HIHBRE HIHBRE QUINTAL LPS. 80.00 LPS. 20.00 ROBLE Y ENCINO LEIIA (CflRGA) LPS; 12.00 -lPS. 3.00 POSTE DE CERCO lPS. 6.00 lPS. 2.00 EPIFITAS PASTE DE CERRO lPS. 0.80 LPS. 0.40 (UBRA) ~ El precia de estos productas para auras de electl-if icacion COI/IU 11 cl 1 y J F 0 It ""nrind .. ".·"t,,1 1:1711 ."G322·2914 T~I(\lol\n: 2:1-170:1,2:1·2149 23·6430 23--t:l4U, 2:l·21i87. Cot:potaciJll ~I!oIlJIl1.(l1i.Ll. JIl Cj;)qsattoN}" SI-,'IIls·tall TEGUCIGAlPA, M.D.C., I:fONUURAS C.A. cooperativas 0 grupos agroforestales organizados bajo el sistellla social FOl'estCll, sera determinado utilizando el sistema de valorizaci6n de productos forestales que la AFE-COIIDBFOR ha emitido considerando la calidad del bosque. I I NOT A : Para calcular l~ GJllU1NTiA DE CUlfPLIlfIENTO DB LAS N,ORlfAS TECNICAS REGLAlfEN1'IllUAS en eoniEeras .seri de la forma siguiente: Clase diametrica men ores 0 iguales a 29.9 cm de DAP Lps 100 X tU. Clase diametrica mayores a 30 cm de DAP Lps 190 X n3. .. Para faltas forestales en c~~iferas usar Lps 266 .X IfJ. . . En easo de madera daiiada por~ insectos se calculara el darl0 conforme al gl'ado de utilizaci6n de la madera cuyd porcentaje mul tiplicado por el volumen y el pl'ecio inicial dara el calculo de venta y de los servicios tecnicos. Nt1tBRE CCHlN Nt1tBRE CIENTIFICO TlPO DE BOSQUE N"CION"L BOStltlE I'R I VI\OO Y I'ROOUCTO I'RECIO DE VENfA EJID"L EN ll'S COORO !>.OR SERVICIOS TECNICOS OPERATlVOS . FORESTAlES GRUPO N12 1 - Caobe SwletenlB mocrophylle. HJ lPS.41l0.0 LPS.14.0.00 Cedrelo odorato/meKi' HJ Cedro cana, . LPS.41l0.0 LPS.140.00 Hagnolla yoroconte. HJ Redondo lPS.41l0.0 lPS.140.00 '. * ~ GRUPO N12 2 Santa Harla Calo~lyllum brasiliense." H3 lPS.140.0 LPS. 60.00 Rosl ta lIyeronima alchorneoides. HJ LPS.140.0 lPS. 60.00 lIues I to Homalium raccmosum H3 lPS. gO.O LPS. 60.00 . Horapol6n Guarea grandifolia. H3 LPS.140.0 LPS • .60.00 Barba de Jolote Pithecolobium arboreum. H3 LPS.140.0 LPS. 60,00 Laurel Cordia (sp) H3 LPS.140.0 LPS. 60.00 Sangre Real Virola k.oschnyi H3 LPS.140.0 LPS. 60.00 £FOlt A,.nrlndo '· .... ,'11 1:1711 ..·lWG3 22·26 H T~IClr"nn: 23.":70:1, 2:J.2 . ' Jq ~ 7"(1 [tlsla 11 Gip' tt..lCWIl ~I!oILJut rlllt..l ":E ~satt(}~a(1 I TEGUCIGALPJ • M.D.C., HONDU IAS C.A . GRUPO HSl 3, I H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Ocotea sp .1 Aguacatillo H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 I Ilex Skutchi i San Juan Areno ! H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Byrsonima spicata Pepenance ! H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Dialium guianense Paleto H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Pouteria izabalensis Cellll6n H3 lPS.l00.0 .:,:. lPS • 40.00 Sh~10nra globulifera . Varillo HJ lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Terminalia amazon!a Cutbi llo H3 lPS.l00.0 lPS. 40.00 Huertea cubensls Cedrlllo . GRUPO HSl . 4 -.- ~ San Juan RoJo Vochysla gulanesis H3 lPS. 90.0 lPS. 30.00 San Juan Peludo Vochysia guatemalensis H3 lPS. 90.0 lPS. 30.00 San Juan de Pozo Vochysfa hondurens.fs H3 lPS. 90.0 lPS. 30.00 Coloradito Gordonea brandegeei HJ lPS. 90.0 lPS • 30.00 Piojo Taplra gulanensls HJ lPS. 90.0 lPS. .3.0.00 . , , Haslca Brosin~ allcastrum .f:13 ·lPS. 90.0 lI~S: 30.00 CuaJada Dendropanax arboreus H3, lPS.·90.0 lPS. 30.00 , -' ',I' ;".: - .' " , • l~ .. l r.," I . -GRUPO HJ2 5 Otras especies no comprendidaen los H3 lPS. 00.0 lPS. 20.00 grupos enterlores y no vedadas " ~ " '" .• DEFon Al'nr'll,d" •• .... 1". J :17ft ..I 23·20G3 22· 2614 l'~lof'~ ... n: 2.1 770:1,2:1.21"9 23·00(30 23~3"O, 23.2087. .. Ir Carp, [dCW/l <;: -,'IQs[all ~&'/lJu1 le/id 'Jq~ ~Stlt tllQa" j TEGUclGALPJ • M.D.C .. HONDU tAS C.A • CRUPO NSl (; i I En este grupo!se encuentra . di ferentes eSPecies en pellgro de ; ext!nsi6n pOr 10 que esta vedado su aprove-chamiento . :r~!. Granadillo Negro Oalbegia tucurensis Cranadi 110 Rojo Oalbergis-' cubllqui(zensis Nogal , Juglans olanchanum -.. Guanacaste Enterolobium cyclocarpum Guayacan Guaiacum sanctum Ceiba Ceiba pentandra Sauce Salix humboldtiana Zapotillo Pouteria viride (PI ttier) - Jlgua Ocote sp San Juan Guayop. . Vochysia ferruginea Cortez Tabebuia guayacam Hormlgo I Platymisciun dimorphandrum Carreto Somanea saman 0 Plthecoloblum saman Carreto Real .. ~ .. Albizzia guachepele Caoba S~ietenia humilis " Caoba Swletenia salvadorensls 1 I 'JEFon ",."rlncl" , ...... "., I :l1fJ .J.26G:l 22·20 l4 TH ..lnlln: 2:1·11(1:1, 2:'.21·19 23·0,(30 2:1·"3·(0, 2:.1·2G87. Gtpot.aCWll -cI~IlJutllliLl (}q ':BqsattoO()" ¥-,1ttl5'/all TEGUCIGALPI\, M.D.C .• lIONDunAS C.A. SEGUNDO: La : tabla que antecede entrara en vigencia a pal"til" del dos de septiembre de ~996. TERCERO: Queda sin ningun valor ni efecto, en 10 que se opongall a esta resoluci6n, las resoluci6n 129-4 y la' circulal" No.041-95 NOTIFIQUESE. COREA .. * .. ANEXO No •. 8 12 LA GACETA - REPUBLlCA DE HONDURAS.- TEGUCIGALPA, M. D. C., 29 DE MARZO DE 1994 forestalcl publicas, industrialcs de la madera u otras penonas DE C RE T 0 No. 163-93 nlturalel 0 juridicas que soliciten participacion en cl Prouama de IncentiYos I la Forestacion, Rcforestacion y a la Protecclon El Congreso Nacional, de los BOtques y que cumplan coo los requisitos que establezca c( Reglamento. . . CONSlDERANDO: Que lu pr!cticas sUviculturales in .. decuadas, la exp(otaclon irnc:lonal pasra extracciOn de lefta 0 ArtIculo 4.-Para los fUles anleriores, COHDEFOR e1abo mader .. 105 Incendios forestales, el sobrepastoreo y I, defores rarl con la participacion de los propi1:tarios de terrenos forc9" ucl6n causada por la agriculturl migratoria, han contribuldo a taJes, cooperativas u otras asociKionec campesinas con perso disrninuir el potencial forestal del pah provocando Idem's, nalidld juridicI, industriales de II madcra, colegios profedon! consecuenclas negatives adicionales tales eomo erosion, la do les forestaJes y demb sectorel ill'folucrados; un Programa de gradaclon de las cuencas hidrogrificas, la alteraci6n del r~p. Incentivos , la Forestaclon, Reforestacion y a la Protccci6n de· men hldrologico y de las condlclone. amblentales e!l ~nera1. los Bosques que abarcando los objetJvol enunciados, tome en cuenta entre otros, 101 planes de manejo, y en 101 proyectOl en CONSIDERANDO: Que cl volumen de (os bosques de ejecuclon aprobados por COHDEFOR.' Eate P~I tendni pino y laUfollados est! baJando considerablemente en el pall, una duracl6n de dlez lIIos a partir de su puesta en marcha y se comci consecuencla a la probre regeneraclon natural oceslona- . ejecutar! en dos etap.. de clnco alios cad a una; aI finaJizar elte da ~r la quema incontrolada y por la extracelon clIceslva de plazo, conlinuari sllu condiciones del pals asl 10 requieren. Idla, !de madera que mb de ochenta mU hectAreas son corta- Artlculo S.-Para 101 fines de la presente Ley, los t~rmi das, quemadas e irreversiblemente convertidas en tierras pobres nos que 1 continuacion se mencionan tendrin el signif'JCado para eultivos y pastizales. slguiente: I) Beneficiarios: Las personas naturales 0 juridicas CONSIDERANDO: Que la escasa participaci6n del cam- a que se refiere e( ArtIculo 3; b) Bonos de Forestacion, Refo pesino 0 del propietario de lUelos forestales en los beneficlos restaelon y Proteccion Forestal: Titulos emilidos por eI Go que debe producir el bosque que 10 rodea, ha contribuido a biemo de I1 Republica y pagados por el Banco Central de Hon agudizar el problema de la deforestacion y que por esu mismas duras por cuenta del Gobiemo para contribuir a sufragar los d I gut 1 LA' GACETA ..: REPUBLICA DB H0NDURAS.- TEGUClGALPA, M. D. C.; 29 DE MARZO' DB '1994 IS 1 dUo Pan ute fin to desUnari anualmente bc.ta un cinco por' aa. privadu 1U00Ientemente' caUllcadas para que el.boren clento (S 0/0) del toW del (ondo; c) Pagl! !os honorario$. fir. . 10,. dircrentel proycctos especlflco. que se rtquleran. de m .. prlvadu de coMlltor!' que se contrarfn para la evalua- ac:wrdo con III soUcltudes que presenten lu personas natura 1 ci6n perl6dlca de dicflol proyectos; ch) Compru 10. inlUmo' le. 0 Jurtdicas interesadu on partJcipar como benertciarlos que se requleran para la ejcc:ucl6n de 10' respectivos proyectol, del I'rograml. A.~~.~ •.. 10•. contra~~_~ el!1p~ .p~!~as \ los cUlles se otorgaru como incentlvos pagaderos con traba.lo; para proporcionar .mtenda t!cnica • dlclio •. 1iCnefiCiiidos ) 1 d) Pagar la retrlbuci6n corrcspondlente 11 banco fi4uciario;r ~.1;a.~~I!..~_e.!~I.~~~!~!:'__ .. _ •. :.,~. __:.~:_._ . e) Otorgamiento de atdito•• 101 beneficiarlos pan las activi----: . dades p~vistas en ests Ley; y. 0 Ouos ga~tol nC(:csariC?s para • Los proyeocto, lncJulrin los correspondientel cstudiol 1 I~ eJc(:ucl6n del Pro&nma, previa Iproblcx6n del Comlt6 Na- t6cui:Os, planel de man~o. planes agroforestales. WYOpasto clonaL . . riles. de mBnejo de cuencu, de rero~.taci6n y prolecel6n. 1 Art(culo 2S.-De 105 ingresos anuales del Fondo se sepan- 'de rorestac16n U otros, q1sn fuere el C8JO. El Repamcnto ri una I:antidad no m~or dcl treinta par cienlo (300 /0) pan deaaonali 10 dispucsto cn CIte Art!culo. , dcsti.narlos al otorg.amiento de cr!~itos a los beneficiarios, Artlculo 3J.-EI Prognma cltan suJeto a eYiIuacfones 1 con$1derando, ~nfre otros,su ~pacldad. de pago y el la.rgo an!Llles, para 10 CUll COHDEFOR confratm prerlo concur plazo d~ amorlIZacl611 q~e r:quJcre este hpo de ftnanclamlen- so empresas privadas suficienlemente calificadas, contando con to. Los, plaz?~ de amorhzac16n, tasas de Ulter~s, tcarantfas Y la Ittori%aci6n del Comit~ Naeional. 1 demb condlclonel de los pr6stamos se establecer4n en cl a . Reglamento de Crtdilo. que se aprobar~ con la opini6n favora-. ble del Banco Central de Honduras. considerando Ios obJetivos b $upervisi~ de la ej~uewn de los difcrentcs proyeetos 1 de esla Ley. El banco fiduciario sed responsable det' otorga eslarl a cargo -de"las empresas privadas a que se reliere cl mien to y de la recupetacion de los cr~dito$ de conformidad pAmfo primero del-Articulo' 30; siri-jiCijuIcio de que COHDE .1./,'1 con los I~rminof del contrato de Iideicomiso y del RegJamento FOR 12mbitn los supervise' y evalue con sus propios medios 1 de CrMito. . ~ ,~ y rccursos. . _----._. . j ·l Articulo 26.-A fin de controlar su comelo manejo, las Art{culo(ji.i.cOHDEFOR Inj:J.'!;'~L~!I.~u_~~~~o, ,,),~ operaciones con recursos del Fondo senln f'1SCI.1izadas por una Anual las partldas requeridas para apoyo rog{stiCO, con et. 1 -\; ~ '\. \ compan!a privada de audilores calificBdos que COHDEFOR lin'-ck'-ro'rtatecet' ·si.f"capacldad de-jup'erVl$I/)ri -y-'extensi6n' » conlralar4 con e$C ob;eto. Los·coslos en que se incurra por rel.acilriada directamente cOI1·la.eje~cion:der~gtam~.. -.-: ...' esle concepto ser4n cubiertos c~n recursos del Fondo. , 1 Art(culo -33.-la·. Dir.cccilm::superlQi--deThogfWil ~.!t Lo dispueslo en cl p~rraro anterior se entiende sin per- a caJiO del Comlt~ Nacional el que esIBr4 lntegrado por tte3 juicio de la fundon fllCalizadora de la ContralorCa General de la mielllbros nombrados por eI Consejo Directlvo de COHDE \ 1 Republica. FOR y par cuatro representantes del Seclor Privado vincula- Arl(culo 27.-EI banco Iiduciario erectuu~ las trogacio- dos con actividades foreslale.s 0 Bgroforeslales, lntegrados lIS!: nes a cargo d;:1 Fondo, fncluyendo 105 correspondientes 8 cr~- a} Ua reprCfcntante de la Federaci6n Honduren& de Cooperati .I 1 dilos. conslderando I., canlidadcs indlcadas en los calendarios vas Agrororeslales; b) Un represenlante de 10$ colegios profe de desembolso respectivo$. En todo CBSO se ejerceri una super- sion.aks forestales: c) Un representan,.e d.e .Ios propietarioJ de. visi6n eslricla de dichos desembolsos para asegurBr su correcta 4reu forest ales privadas;-y;' chLu'Il-lli esenlante de las indus- 1 arlicaci6n, de conformidad con 105 RegJamentos. Llriasde~.JJla.d.cr,l.~ :,i 1 ; CAPITULO IV Los miembros titulares contanln con sus respectivos su ; plentes. El Comit6 Nacional ser4 presidido por uno de los DE LA DIRECCION Y ADMINISfRACION I. I DEL PROGRAMA DE INCENTIVOS miembros nombrados por d Consejo Directivo de COHDE FOR que resulte electo para taf cargo por vOlad6n de los ;! I Articulo :!8.~ErProg;;~; contemplado en el ArtI~lo 4. miembros del Comit6. El presidente tendril voto de caUdad. ser4 elaborado por 'COHDEFOR y representantes del Sector ;: 1 Privado involucrado en actividades rorestales; considerando, Los representantes del lector privado duradn en IUS car enlre otros, los obJelivos previstos en. esta Ley. las. 'reas y gos trcs (3) an os, pudiendo ser reelectos y ~nln nombrados ;;; 1 actividades prioritarias. las especies a plantar, los n6cleos de de acuerdo al procedimiento que eSlablezca cl reglamento. poblaci6n que seran beneficiados y 105 recursos disporubles, ArHculo 34.-EI Consejo Directivo de COHDEFOR a orienUndose por las directrices generales que esta(:,lezC8 'el propuesta del Cerente General, nombrari ,I Coordinador Comit6 Nacional...... _ .•. i Genen.l del Programa. Este ilItimo designBri aI penonal de su 1 propia planta, que a ticmpo completo, se encargari de alender " ) Una vez aprobado el Programa, COHDEFOR·publicari·las ~ '\ zonas en las cuales IC ejecutarin proyectos Corulafes'"gozan- 105 mlnlos propios del Pf'OUllma, tanto a ruvel centnJ como regional. . '. ( do de los incentivos estableocidos en esta Ley. 1 / \..... A cada posible beneficiarlo se le inronnar~ en orden de : J?I Coordin~dor G:nenl del Programa actuari COma Se- , '. f prioridad sobre sus dcrechos y obligaciones si deelden incorpo-- cretmo del Comlt6 NaclonaJ, con voz pero sin Yoto. 1 r ': .: rar~ BI Programa. La infonnaei6n deber4 sa completa para ··'l\. ;. ) que tenga sufi 1 1 1 '_i:..~~_--:-~s:it~;::;;";;!_"','-,"",~!f,'_";-';W.·'U'll:;'ilhCij4\id:'~"-... 1 -~: ...._.e":"! ~('''_'':'f.'~:''. - _ ' .....::-- ~:;'''''':'';''''''''~' 1 !.:16!.-...:L::A~G=A:.:.C::ET::.:.:.A=--...:R:::E=P~U:.:B:.:l::.IC;:;A:..:.....;D:.:e::...:H:.:.O::.:N:..:.;D=-U::.:RA:::.::S::"--=.TE=G=U:;.;:..CI:.;:G:;.A;;:L::.P:.;:A:.... :.;:M.:-,. D:.;.:....;C:;;.•• ~2:.;9;....::D:.:B;:-.::.M~A~R:.::Z;;.;O:....:D:..:E;...:.1 ::.;99:,..4:--__1 modiante concuno. del banco riduclario y las oondlclones del' L&3 declsiones sedn adoptlldu por lTJlIyorCs 'imple de I contra to respcdivo. y 8utoruar al Genlnte General de COHOE- . votos; el quOrum le mstalarn con la presencb de L1 mitad m4, I FOR para que prcx:eda a IU suscripci6n; g) Discu.tlr cl Reglt-, uno dc ,!-', mlem'bros. El Regbmento regu1u4 10 relativo I $U mento de Cr~to del Program:! y someterlo al Presidenle de 1& Jigimen mtemo., I Republica par media de la $ccrebria de Re<;Unol Naturales, , . '.' . I p,a~ su apro~n, previa opini6n fIYorable del Banco Cen!rtl En ningun caso los mle'mbPOs del Comit6'Na~ioll:!1 y de de I!0noura" h) Resolver sabre III seleccl6n y contratacJ6n los Comll~s mecutrros Regionales recibirin remuneraci6n medlante concurso. ~e lu compant!, privadas I quienes fie a\gun, por asistir a b$ correspondientes sesioncS. .' '. encargarn la promocl6n, la elaborac6n de los proyectos, I.t ' 1 prestacl6n de semcios de aslstencil t6cnica. y la evaluaci6n ' y la auditoria del Programa; I) Conoccr, discutir. aprobar 0 ArHculo 40.-8 Comit6 Nacional del Programa detemli- improbar el Informe Anual y Esudos Financieros del Progn- nani el monlo mAximo de 101 proyecl~s qu~ podr4n seT aproba 1 ma; Y.}) Las demh que le correspondan segun 10 previslo cn dos directamenle por 10s .Comites EjecuuY05 Rcgionales. En esa ley y $U Reglamento. . . . cstos casos, 105 contntos seran suscrllos porlosJefes regionales . de COHDEFOR. CUando cl monto se:J superior al indicado.los ' 1 I proyectos serin aprobados pOT el, Comit~ EjccuUvo Regional. i Art(culo 36.-En las regjones forestales de COHDEFOR contando con un informc ravora,ble prepando previamenle por fUrlcionari un Comlte EjecuUvo ReponaJ, el cual estari inte-- cl respectivo Comjt~ Ejecutivo Regional y los conlralos serin 1 gra~o de la manera siguiente: a) El Jefe de la correspondiente SUscrilOS por el Gerente Ceneral de COHDEFOR. Regi6n ForesLtl quien representari I COHDEFOR: b) -Un re- preStntante de 10$ colegios de prof(sionales (oreslaJes' c) Un 1 representante de 10s propietarios de oIreas rorestales; ~h) Un CAPJrulO 'y represenlante de la Federaci6n de Cooperalivas AgroforeslaJes; SELECCION y, d) Un representante de las municipalidatles comprendidas DE BENEFIClAR10S 1 en b, regi6n forestal respectiva. "·:1 Art(culo 41.-tas solicitudes dc Ias ~rsonas nat".!;:!l:s Q El jefe de c3d3 Regi6n Foresl&1 presidirol ei respectivo juridicas interesadas en participar como bcneficiario del Pro 1 Comi.le: en caso de emp3te tendr:! voto de calidad. Los repre gram:!. se prcsentarin alas correspondienles Regiones Fore~ senlanles propietarlos contadn con sus respectivos suplentes tales de COHDEFOR y ser ArtCcu!o 38_-L~s Comites Loc:!les de Apoyo funcionadn en !.as localidades en que se ejeculen proycclO$ espedncos. CAPITULO VI 1 Tendr:1n fundones de promoci6n, coordinaci6n. :Jpoyo y DlSPOSlCIONES FINALES vigjJancia de bs actividades del Pro~rama a nivel loc~1. El Rc l.!lamento estabkceril. la forma coma se integ.raran. y sus fun 1 dones especfflClS. ArI(.;ulo 44.-EJ Podcr Ejeclllivo coordinara las acciones del Est:Jdo TeJ~li\":J~ al ("ol1lento dt' activid"Jes productiv:!, y 1 ArtCculo J9.-EI Comitt Nacion2.1 scsionad por la IlIcnos de inrr:Jestru<:luT~. (011111 !!anaJcri:l extC'n~iva. calicllltur:l. una vez cad a dO$ mescs Il .:uando se~ convocado por su Prcsi- di~trihll<:i6n de tkfr.l~ par:l finc~ ;)~rfc;ola, y la <:un~{nllXi611 dente. de <::lllliIlOS y de (lln~ .. bras public3~ en m:J~ forCSI:Jlc~. espc 1 Los CO~lilE' Ejeculivos RctiOluks sesionadn una VCI. al d:JiIllC'I1\C en 10 qur lOCI J po'lftkas S('ctorbkJ e inSlilucionaies lilt'S por 10 me nos. y :I Il ej('t:llci6n upcntin de 105 prnyeclo$. ~ fin ~e que tl!ch:J$ 1 1 1 1 1 LA GACETA REPUBLICA QE HONDURAS . ..! TEGUCIGALPA, M. D. C"., 29. off MARZO .DE 1994 .. r •• ., 0, • ••••• • acciones no .ean tOntrarias a la prolecci6n, conservacl6n y dispueslo en cl Decreto N.o. 149-8~ del ~~ de dkleinbre manejo adecuado del medlo amblenle y en especial de los 1988 y.u Reglamqnlo. " :: .':. . '. . basques. Con este prop6slto Ios Im'cnlonlstu naclon:l1cs 0 extr. Articulo 4S.-Los proyeetos de desarrollo rural que eje- J~ que deseen ejeeutar proyectOl de rorestac16n podJ cute cl Gobiemo de la RepGbllca, directamente.o por medlo toUcllar la automacl6n de Clta cla~ de operac1ones. El Eata de las InsUtuciones descentrallIad81 competenles, debenln promovcri y dad racilldadCl Pll"l que le ~ecuten proyecl incluiT necesarlamente componente. foreslales • nn de preV'c- de Canje de Deuda Elttema por natunleZl •. Aslmlano, CO nir la degndacl6n 0 destruccion rlel recuno rorestal. . DEFOR podr' aceptar donaciones provenIentes del exler; 'que'utiliccn C5te mismo rnccan1m1o de rmancbmIento, pa: / , promovef la reforeslacion y la protecxf6n de I ArUeulo 48.-Si los beneficiarios incumplen los contratos Artfeulo n.-La present~ Ley enlra~ en.v~end:J.a par1.~r suscritos con COHDEFOR 0 con cl banco fiduciario. especia/ de la fecha de su pubUcaci6n eJt el Diario Onc)31 "l:1 (,:Jet'la . .menle en .c.uanlo .1 destino de los creditos otorgados, estos Dado en la cludad de Tegucigalpa. MUnicipill tic-I Di.~lrih' podr~n ser rescindidos previa comprobaci6n de las.inrracciones comelidas. Cmlral en cl Sal6n de Sesiones del Congreso Nadon31. :t lo~ vcinle dlas del mes de septiembre de mil novecientos noventa y (res. Lo anterior se enlicnde sin peJjuicio de la respolU3bilidad civil 0 penal que pudiera resullar y de que, siendo procedenle, se apJiquen las sanciones por las infracciones forestales previs las en el Capftulo XIII de la Ley Forestal, Decreto No. 85 del RODOLFO IR/AS NAV AS, 18 de noviembre de 197/, y en el Arlfculo 27 del Decreto No. lTetIdenle 103 Ley de Corporaei6n Ho.ldurefta de .DesarroUo Forestal del 10 de enero de 1974. NARUM EFRAIN VALLADAIUS V~ ANOR.ES TOR RES' RODR1CUF.7~ En caso de mora,el cumplimienlo de las obligaclones Se"", larlo Secntorlo pecunillrias de 105 beneficiarios, se exi&iri por I;, vCa de apre mio. Atendiendo a la naturaleza de 1as obligaclones, tambi~n AI fader EjecutiYo. podnin utilizarse los procedimientos de ejecuc16n subsidiarla y de cumplimlento forzoso de aeuerdo con 10 previsto en la Ley de Procedimientos Administrativos, lXcreto No. 152-87 Par Tanto: EjecGtesc.". del 28 de septiembre de 1987. En 105 contratos se incluiran los mecanismos necesarlos para su adecuado control. Tc{!ucigalpa. M. D. C., 22 de septiembre de 1993. Arl(eulo 49,-Los autores 0 c6mplices de los delitos y f3/tas foreslalcs tipificados en eI Cap(lulo XIII de la Ley Fo R.~rAEL Lf.O:-1AROO CAlI.EJA!' ROMERo, reslal. Decrelo No. 85 del 18 de noviemb~ de 197 I, no po I'r-o:cidcnl< C_titud"",,1 de la KrpUbllca tlr~n ser beneticiaritn del Program a de IneenlJ\'os. EL SECRETARIO DE ESTADO EN EL DESPACHO DE Arl(culo SQ.-Los proyeclos conlemplados en la presente RECURSOS NATURALES. . Lcy ser~n eJegibles y considerad.os priorilarios para ser tinan ..:iados mcdianle o~racionc~ de con.versi6n de deud~ exlerna a 1euda jnlerr.~ ~ra 10 cual se aplJcad, en 10 pcrltnenle, 10 ~AKro riUflO CAMERO. ! ,..