Ten Trails for Spectacular Summer Stargazing
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The Effects of Spring Cattle Grazing on the Nutritional Ecology of Mule Deer
THE EFFECTS OF SPRING CATTLE GRAZING ON THE NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) IN EASTERN WASHINGTON By SARA JANE WAGONER A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCES IN NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Natural Resource Sciences MAY 2011 To the Faculty of Washington State University The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of SARA JANE WAGONER find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted ________________________________ Lisa A. Shipley, Ph.D., Chair ________________________________ Linda H. Hardesty, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kristen A. Johnson, Ph.D. ________________________________ Karen L. Launchbaugh, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was fully funded and supported by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and partnered by the Washington Cattlemen’s Association. My advisor, Dr. Lisa A. Shipley, whom was the brain-child and brawn-child behind this enormous endeavor, tirelessly offered perspective and assistance when I needed it, and I am forever indebted. A sincere thank you to my committee members: Linda Hardesty, Kristen Johnson, and Karen Launchbaugh for contributing their range science expertise and logistical input to our experimental design. I extend my appreciation to Rachel and John Cook, for giving me the opportunity to work along side them at Starkey; it gave me a real grasp on what I was getting into; especially to Rachel, for her professional guidance, friendship, and assistance towards this project. Thank you Laura Applegate, Taryn Clark, Becky Greenwood, Ben Maletzke, Tamara Johnstone-Yellin. and Sarah McCusker for selflessly pitching in, you are truly great friends. -
Flood Basalts and Glacier Floods—Roadside Geology
u 0 by Robert J. Carson and Kevin R. Pogue WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Information Circular 90 January 1996 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF Natural Resources Jennifer M. Belcher - Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor FLOOD BASALTS AND GLACIER FLOODS: Roadside Geology of Parts of Walla Walla, Franklin, and Columbia Counties, Washington by Robert J. Carson and Kevin R. Pogue WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Information Circular 90 January 1996 Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor Division of Geology and Earth Resources WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Jennifer M. Belcher-Commissio11er of Public Lands Kaleeo Cottingham-Supervisor DMSION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Raymond Lasmanis-State Geologist J. Eric Schuster-Assistant State Geologist William S. Lingley, Jr.-Assistant State Geologist This report is available from: Publications Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources P.O. Box 47007 Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Price $ 3.24 Tax (WA residents only) ~ Total $ 3.50 Mail orders must be prepaid: please add $1.00 to each order for postage and handling. Make checks payable to the Department of Natural Resources. Front Cover: Palouse Falls (56 m high) in the canyon of the Palouse River. Printed oo recycled paper Printed io the United States of America Contents 1 General geology of southeastern Washington 1 Magnetic polarity 2 Geologic time 2 Columbia River Basalt Group 2 Tectonic features 5 Quaternary sedimentation 6 Road log 7 Further reading 7 Acknowledgments 8 Part 1 - Walla Walla to Palouse Falls (69.0 miles) 21 Part 2 - Palouse Falls to Lower Monumental Dam (27.0 miles) 26 Part 3 - Lower Monumental Dam to Ice Harbor Dam (38.7 miles) 33 Part 4 - Ice Harbor Dam to Wallula Gap (26.7 mi les) 38 Part 5 - Wallula Gap to Walla Walla (42.0 miles) 44 References cited ILLUSTRATIONS I Figure 1. -
Washington State Parks Adaptation Plan
WASHINGTON STATE PARKS ADAPATION PLAN June 2019 ©UW Climate Impacts Group, aerial support provided by LightHawk. Prepared by The University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group In Partnership with The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the members of the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission staff who participated in project workshops and document review. Washington State Parks Project Lead: Lisa Lantz, Parks Development Division Manager Participating Parks staff, listed in alphabetical order: Joelene Boyd Michael Hankinson Laura Moxham Steve Brand Chelsea Hamer Matt Niles Jay Carmony Chelsea Harris Jessica Norton David Cass Peter Herzog Melinda Posner Jon Crimmins Dave Jaquish Brian Patnode Andrew Fielding John Keates Erik Plunkett Nikki Fields Linda Kunze Shari Silverman Erik Folke Lisa Lantz Mike Sternback Colleen Foster Jessica Logan Kira Swanson Edward Girard Alex McMurry Jamie Van De Vanter Jason Goldstein Dan Meatte Doug Vazquez Derek Gustafson Larry Mallo Brian Yearout Dan Hahn Dustin Madden University of Washington Climate Impacts Group Harriet Morgan Crystal Raymond Meade Krosby Funding Funding for this effort was provided by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. Recommended citation: Morgan, H., Raymond, C. 2019. Washington State Parks Adaptation Plan. A collaboration of the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission and the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. Image Citations Cover page image: ©UW Climate Impacts Group, aerial support provided by LightHawk. Section header images: Executive Summary | Image Source: Cama Beach State Park, Washington. Credit: Photo licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 Section 1 | Image Source: Lake Wenatchee, Lake Wenatchee State Park, Washington. -
Chapter 3. Ecosystem Profile
CHAPTER 3. ECOSYSTEM PROFILE 3.1 Introduction This ecosystem profile has been prepared to provide a basis for understanding how watershed processes affect the form and function of Mason County’s shorelines. This chapter provides an overview of the watershed conditions across the landscape and describes how ecosystem-wide processes affect the function of the County’s shorelines as required under shoreline guidelines outlined in WAC 173-26- 210(3)(d). This watershed-scale overview provides context for the reach-scale discussion provided in Chapters 4 through 9. The landscape analysis approach to understanding and analyzing watershed processes developed by Stanley et al. (2005) has been referenced to complete this section of the report. Terms used in this section are defined in the document entitled Protecting Aquatic Ecosystems: A Guide for Puget Sound Planners to Understand Watershed Processes (Stanley et al., 2005). The maps referenced in this chapter are provided in Appendix A (Map Folio). Mason County is located generally in the southwestern corner of the Puget Sound Basin in western Washington. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Mason County has a total area of 1,051 square miles, of which 961 square miles is land and 90 square miles (8.6 percent) is water. Elevations in the County range from 6,400 feet above mean sea level (MSL) in the foothills of the Olympic Mountains, to sea level along the coastline of Puget Sound and Hood Canal. The County includes portions of five Water Resource Inventory Areas (WRIAs) as outlined below: • WRIA 14a: Kennedy Goldsborough; • WRIA 15: Kitsap; • WRIA 16/14b: Skokomish-Dosewallips and South Shore of Hood Canal; • WRIA 21: Queets-Quinault; and • WRIA 22: Lower Chehalis. -
Cultural Resources Management Plan: Mount Spokane State Park
Cultural Resources Management Plan Mount Spokane State Park July 2009 Prepared in compliance with Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Policy 12-98-01 on Cultural Resources Management Your Responsibilities Under the Cultural Resources Management Plan People make plans work. The success of this plan depends upon you doing your part and helping others do theirs. Before you begin, it’s a good idea to review the agency Cultural Resources Management Policy Number 12-98-1 (amended August 2004). At Agency Headquarters If you are Senior Management: 1. Read the Executive Summary. 2. Understand the Range of Treatments. (Section IV) 3. Support the incorporation of scheduled treatments into the Capital or operating budgets. 4. Support the preparation of maintenance plans. 5. Support the development of specialized training needs such as rock wall or log building repair. If you are staff working on the park: 1. Read it all, front to back. 2. Understand the Range of Treatments. (Section IV) 3. Consult with agency Historic Preservation Officer (HPO) and use the Secretary of the Interior’s (SOI) Standards when developing projects identified in the Range of Treatments or any other projects that involve identified resources. 4. Consult with HPO and Archaeologist in the development of project work, maintenance plans, and work project requests. 5. Prepare the reports and records as established in Section V. At Region Headquarters If you are the Region Manager: 1. Read the Executive Summary. 2. Understand the Range of Treatments (Section IV) and any monitoring requirements. 3. Encourage training in both historic preservation basics and special skills necessary to work on log and stone buildings and structures. -
The Wild Cascades
THE WILD CASCADES October-November 1969 2 THE WILD CASCADES FARTHEST EAST: CHOPAKA MOUNTAIN Field Notes of an N3C Reconnaissance State of Washington, school lands managed by May 1969 the Department of Natural Resources. The absolute easternmost peak of the North Cascades is Chopaka Mountain, 7882 feet. An This probably is the most spectacular chunk abrupt and impressive 6700-foot scarp drops of alpine terrain owned by the state. Certain from the flowery summit to blue waters of ly its fame will soon spread far beyond the Palmer Lake and meanders of the Similka- Okanogan. Certainly the state should take a mean River, surrounded by green pastures new, close look at Chopaka and develop a re and orchards. Beyond, across this wide vised management plan that takes into account trough of a Pleistocene glacier, roll brown the scenic and recreational resources. hills of the Okanogan Highlands. Northward are distant, snowy beginnings of Canadian ranges. Far south, Tiffany Mountain stands above forested branches of Toats Coulee Our gang became aware of Chopaka on the Creek. Close to the west is the Pasayten Fourth of July weekend of 1968 while explor Wilderness Area, dominated here by Windy ing Horseshoe Basin -- now protected (except Peak, Horseshoe Mountain, Arnold Peak — from Emmet Smith's cattle) within the Pasay the Horseshoe Basin country. Farther west, ten Wilderness Area. We looked east to the hazy-dreamy on the horizon, rise summits of wide-open ridges of Chopaka Mountain and the Chelan Crest and Washington Pass. were intrigued. To get there, drive the Okanogan Valley to On our way to Horseshoe Basin we met Wil Tonasket and turn west to Loomis in the Sin- lis Erwin, one of the Okanoganites chiefly lahekin Valley. -
Great American Outdoors Act Projects Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area
Great American Outdoors Act projects Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area Mountains to Sound Greenway-Heritage Area Multi Asset Recreation Investment Corridor The Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area is an iconic 1.5 million-acre landscape in Washington State, stretching across the Cascade Mountains from Central Washington to Puget Sound in Seattle. The Greenway promotes a healthy and sustainable relationship between people and nature by providing nearby parks and trails, connected wildlife habitat, places for culture and tradition, world-class outdoor recreation and education, working forests and local agricultural production, and thriving communities. The Greenway is valued by a broad cross-section of society, working together as an effective coalition to conserve this place and its heritage for future generations. When Congress passed the Great American Outdoors Act in 2020, we knew how important this legislation would be to the state of Washington. For 30 years the Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust has witnessed the positive impact access to nature brings to the region for public health, habitat and wildlife, and local economies. Many public agencies, nonprofit organizations, and individuals have worked tirelessly to sustain this abundant access to nature, with outdoor recreation gaining popularity each year. As public agency budgets and staff simultaneously shrink, the backlog of much-needed maintenance for trails and recreation areas has grown dramatically. The Great American Outdoors Act offers part of the solution to this maintenance backlog for public land management agencies, and will benefit all people who live, work and play in the Mountains to Sound Greenway and in public lands across the country. -
The Wild Cascades
THE WILD CASCADES Fall, 1984 2 The Wild Cascades PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE ONCE THE LINES ARE DRAWN, THE BATTLE IS NOT OVER The North Cascades Conservation Council has developed a reputation for consistent, hard-hitting, responsible action to protect wildland resources in the Washington Cascades. It is perhaps best known for leading the fight to preserve and protect the North Cascades in the North Cascades National Park, the Pasayten and Glacier Peak Wilderness Areas, and the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas. Despite the recent passage of the Washington Wilderness Act, many areas which deserve and require wilderness designation remain unprotected. One of the goals of the N3C must be to assure protection for these areas. In this issue of the Wild Cascades we have analyzed the Washington Wilderness Act to see what we won and what still hangs in the balance (page ). The N3C will continue to fight to establish new wilderness areas, but there is also a new challenge. Our expertise is increasingly being sought by government agencies to assist in developing appropriate management plans and to support them against attempts to undermine such plans. The invitation to participate more fully in management activities will require considerable effort, but it represents a challenge and an opportunity that cannot be ignored. If we are to meet this challenge we will need members who are either knowledgable or willing to learn about an issue and to guide the Board in its actions. The Spring issue of the Wild Cascades carried a center section with two requests: 1) volunteers to assist and guide the organization on various issues; and 2) payment of dues. -
Wilderness Study Areas
I ___- .-ll..l .“..l..““l.--..- I. _.^.___” _^.__.._._ - ._____.-.-.. ------ FEDERAL LAND M.ANAGEMENT Status and Uses of Wilderness Study Areas I 150156 RESTRICTED--Not to be released outside the General Accounting Wice unless specifically approved by the Office of Congressional Relations. ssBO4’8 RELEASED ---- ---. - (;Ao/li:( ‘I:I)-!L~-l~~lL - United States General Accounting OfTice GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division B-262989 September 23,1993 The Honorable Bruce F. Vento Chairman, Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands Committee on Natural Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: Concerned about alleged degradation of areas being considered for possible inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System (wilderness study areas), you requested that we provide you with information on the types and effects of activities in these study areas. As agreed with your office, we gathered information on areas managed by two agencies: the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Land Management (BLN) and the Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service. Specifically, this report provides information on (1) legislative guidance and the agency policies governing wilderness study area management, (2) the various activities and uses occurring in the agencies’ study areas, (3) the ways these activities and uses affect the areas, and (4) agency actions to monitor and restrict these uses and to repair damage resulting from them. Appendixes I and II provide data on the number, acreage, and locations of wilderness study areas managed by BLM and the Forest Service, as well as data on the types of uses occurring in the areas. -
Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors
SALMON AND STEELHEAD HABITAT LIMITING FACTORS WATER RESOURCE INVENTORY AREA 16 DOSEWALLIPS-SKOKOMISH BASIN Hamma Hamma River, Ecology Oblique Photo, 2001 WASHINGTON STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION FINAL REPORT Ginna Correa June 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The WRIA 16 salmon habitat limiting factors report could not have been completed without considerable contributions of time and effort from the following people who participated in various capacities on the technical advisory group (TAG): Charles Toal, Washington Department of Ecology Doris Small, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Herb Cargill, Washington Department of Natural Resources Jeff Davis, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Jeff Heinis, Skokomish Tribe John Cambalik, Puget Sound Action Team Marc McHenry, US Forest Service Margie Schirato, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Marty Ereth, Skokomish Tribe Randy Johnson, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Richard Brocksmith, Hood Canal Coordinating Council Steve Todd, Point No Point Treaty Council In addition, the author also wishes to thank the following for extensive information regarding fish populations and habitat conditions and substantial editorial comments during development of the report: Dr. Carol Smith, WCC for the Introduction chapter of this report; Carol Thayer, WDNR, for extensive GIS analysis of DNR ownership; Carrie Cook-Tabor, USFWS, for data contribution on the Hamma Hamma; Denise Forbes, Mason County Public Works, for the county perspective on the Skokomish; Ed Manary, WCC, for his guidance -
Campings Washington Amanda Park - Rain Forest Resort Village - Willaby Campground - Quinault River Inn
Campings Washington Amanda Park - Rain Forest Resort Village - Willaby Campground - Quinault River Inn Anacortes - Pioneer Trails RV Resort - Burlington/Anacortes KOA - Cranberry Lake Campground, Deception Pass SP Anatone - Fields Spring State Park Bridgeport - Bridgeport State Park Arlington - Bridgeport RV Parks - Lake Ki RV Resort Brinnon - Cove RV Park & Country Store Bainbridge Island - Fay Bainbridge Park Campground Burlington Vanaf hier kun je met de ferry naar Seattle - Burlington/Anacortes KOA - Burlington RV Park Battle Ground - Battle Ground Lake State Park Chehalis - Rainbow Falls State Park Bay Center - Bay Center / Willapa Bay KOA Cheney Belfair - Ponderosa Falls RV Resort - Belfair State Park - Peaceful Pines RV Park & Campground - Tahuya Adventure Resort Chelan - Lake Chelan State Park Campground Bellingham - Lakeshore RV Park - Larrabee State Park Campground - Kamei Campground & RV Park - Bellingham RV Park Chinook Black Diamond - RV Park At The Bridge - Lake Sawyer Resort - KM Resorts - Columbia Shores RV Resort - Kansakat-Palmer State Park Clarkston Blaine - Premier RV Resort - Birch Bay State Park - Chief Timothy Park - Beachside RV Park - Hells Canyon Resort - Lighthouse by the Bay RV Resort - Hillview RV Park - Beachcomber RV Park at Birch Bay - Jawbone Flats RV Park - Ball Bayiew RV Park - Riverwalk RV Park Bremerton Colfax - Illahee State Park - Boyer Park & Marina/Snake River KOA Conconully Ephrata - Shady Pines Resort Conconully - Oasis RV Park and Golf Course Copalis Beach Electric City - The Driftwood RV Resort -
Seattle Alpine Scrambling Course 2020 Student Handbook
Seattle Alpine Scrambling Course 2020 Student Handbook Name __________________________________________ On the cover Photograph by Luke Helgeson Dumbell Mountain Seattle Alpine Scrambling Course – Student Handbook p 3 CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS ....................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 4 COURSE TIMELINE ........................................................... 5 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 6 COURSES AND BADGES REQUIRED TO GRADUATE ......... 7 RESPONSIBILITIES AND CLUB POLICIES ........................... 8 THE MOUNTAINEERS’ EMERGENCY PLAN ...................... 9 COURSE EXPECTATIONS - WORKSHOPS ........................ 10 COURSE EXPECTATIONS – FIELD TRIPS ......................... 11 COURSE EXPECTATIONS – EXPERIENCE TRIP ................ 12 CONDITIONING ............................................................. 13 CONDITIONING LOG ...................................................... 14 CHECKLIST – PRE-COURSE ............................................. 15 CHECKLIST – PRE-TRIP ................................................... 15 SCRAMBLE PACKING LIST .............................................. 16 10 ESSENTIALS ............................................................... 17 REQUIRED SCRAMBLING GEAR ..................................... 19 CAR KIT .......................................................................... 22 SUGGESTED GEAR ........................................................