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Permodelan Pengembangan Angkutan Pelajar Khusus Smp Negeri Di Kota Pontianak

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Permodelan Pengembangan Angkutan Pelajar Khusus Smp Negeri Di Kota Pontianak PERMODELAN PENGEMBANGAN ANGKUTAN PELAJAR KHUSUS SMP NEGERI DI KOTA PONTIANAK Robi Dahriansyah1), Nana Novita Pratiwi2) Agustiah Wulandari2). 1. Mahasiswa Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura 2. Dosen Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura Abstrak Pemerintah Kota Pontianak telah menyediakan bus rapid transit yang ditargetkan untuk pelajar dalam penerapan Undang-Undang No.22 Tahun 2009, namun pelayanan bus tersebut belum mencakup seluruh wilayah Kota Pontianak sehingga masih ada beberapa pelajar yang menggunakan kendaraan pribadi. Sehingga diperlukan adanya permodelan pengembangan angkutan pelajar khusus SMP negeri di Kota Pontianak. Tujuan penelitian ini menyusun rekomendasi pengembangan angkutan umum khusus pelajar SMP Negeri di Kota Pontianak berupa pengoptimalan operasional angkutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis model gravitasi DCGR dan pembobotan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Kecamatan Pontianak Selatan dan Kecamatan Pontianak Utara memiliki jumlah SMP Negeri terbanyak di Kota Pontianak, sehingga berpotensi sebagai zona penarik yang tinggi dibandingkan kecamatan lainnya. Namun, saat ini pelayanan bus tersebut belum mencakup Kecamatan Pontianak Utara sehingga diperlukannya perluasan cakupan pelayanan dengan pengintegrasian terhadap angkutan lokal. Hasil permodelan gravity DCGR menunjukan persebaran pergerakan terbesar berada pada zona internal Kecamatan Pontianak Barat, sedangkan pergerakan antar zona sedikit. Hal ini disebabkan rute yang dilalui angkutan pelajar lebih banyak melayani Kecamatan Pontianak Barat. Dalam penyetaraan persebaran penumpang memerlukan penambahan rute dan armada bus untuk melayani kawasan antar zona. Persebaran halte di Kota Pontianak tersebar ditempat keramaian dan disekolah, serta jumlahnya kurang sehingga diperlukannya penambahan halte. Kata kunci: Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Persebaran Pergerakan, Pemilihan Moda, Kota Pontianak Abstract [Development of Student Transportation Modeling For State Junior High School in Pontianak City]. Pontianak City Government has provided bus rapid transit for students on implementing Law Number 22 of 2009, but the bus service does not cover the entire area of Pontianak City so there are still some students who use private vehicles. So that there is a need for modeling of the development of special public transportation for state junior high schools in Pontianak City. The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations for the development of student transport for junior high school students in the Pontianak City in the form of operational optimization of transportation. The method used is quantitative with analysis gravity models DCGR and weighting. The results of this study show that South Pontianak Subdistrict and North Pontianak Subdistrict have the highest number of junior high school in Pontianak City, so that they have the highest potential to be attraction zone compared to other subdistricts. However, at present the bus service does not cover North Pontianak Subdistrict so that it is necessary to expand the coverage of student transportation services by integrating local transportation. Gravity model DCGR results show the widest distribution is in the internal zone of West Pontianak Subdistrict, while the movement between zones is small. This is due to the route through which student transportation is more serving the West Pontianak Subdistrict. In equalizing the distribution of passengers, it requires additional routes and bus to serve the area between zones. The distribution of shelters in Pontianak City is spread out in crowded places and in schools, and the number is less so the need for additional shelters is needed. Keyword: Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Trip Distribution, Moda Choice, Pontianak City. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Pendahuluan *) Angkutan pelajar dalam SK.967 Dirjen Penulis Korespondensi. Perhubungan Darat Tahun 2007, merupakan suatu E-mail: [email protected] angkutan sekolah yang perlu diselenggarakan dalam 1 rangka mengantisipasi kebutuhan angkutan sekolah yang sehingga masih ada beberapa pelajar yang menggunakan efektif dan efisien. Agar efektif dan efisien diperlukan kendaraan pribadi. adanya pemodelan sebaran pergerakan. Pemodelan Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh sebaran pergerakan merupakan sebuah tahapan Haridan (2018), armada bus yang optimal untuk pemodelan yang memperkirakan jumlah distribusi melayani Kota Pontianak seharusnya berjumlah 20 pergerakan yang berasal dari suatu zona menuju ke zona armada bus. Sedangkan menurut Nugroho (2018), tujuan. Model sebaran perjalanan melibatkan proses berdasarkan analisis multi kriteria rute yang layak kalibrasi persamaan yang akan menghasilkan diprioritaskan sebagai rute untuk trayek Ternimal ALBN permodelan pola pergerakan asal-tujuan lalu lintas yang – Jl. A. Yani – Jl. Sultan Abdurahman – Jl. Uray Bawadi akurat terhadap hasil observasi lapangan (Wells dalam – Jl. P. Natakusuma – Jl. Dr. Wahidin. S. – Jl. Husin Tamin, 1997). Hamzah – Jl. Tabrani - Jl. Karet – Jl. Kom. Yos. Laju tingkat konsumtif penduduk terhadap Sudarso (terminal Nipah Kuning) – Jl. Pak Kasih – Jl. kendaraan bermotor membuat transportasi bertambah Rahadi Usman – Jl. Tanjungpura – Jl. Imam Bonjol – Jl. setiap tahunnya sebagai salah satu faktor yang sangat Adisucipto – Terminal ALBN. mempengaruhi tingkat kemacetan (Wicaksono et. al. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun 2009). Oleh karena itu, penduduk tidak bisa dipisahkan rekomendasi pengembangan angkutan umum khusus dengan transportasi karena penduduk sangat pelajar SMP Negeri di Kota Pontianak berupa membutuhkan transportasi untuk menunjang hidupnya. pengoptimalan operasional angkutan. Berdasarkan data BPS Kota Pontianak tahun 2018, jumlah kendaraan yang berada di Kota Pontianak 2. Metode Penelitian pada tahun 2017 mencapai 202.095 unit, dimana 90% 2.1. Teknik Pengumpulan Data dan Pendekatan atau 181.886 unit di antaranya merupakan kendaraan Penelitian roda 2 dan sisanya 20.209 unit merupakan kendaraan Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan roda 3 atau lebih. Hal ini menunjukan kepemilikan deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dalam kendaraan pribadi di Kota Pontianak lebih dominan penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dan metode sebagai sehingga pada jam-jam tertentu menjadi sangat padat berikut: sehingga sering menimbulkan kemacetan. Hal ini 1. Observasi lapangan, berupa pengamatan di lapangan diperparah dengan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas dan rinci akan aturan lalu lintas, misalnya penggunaan kendaraan mengenai angkutan pelajar pribadi oleh anak dibawah umur. Berdasarkan penelitian 2. Kuesioner, yaitu pengumpulan data melalui yang dilakukan oleh Sutanto (2014), pelanggaran lalu penyebaran angket. lintas di Kota Pontianak didominasi oleh kalangan 3. Dokumentasi, berupa foto yang didapat saat pelajar tingkat SMP dan SMA karena alasan para pelajar observasi lapangan dilakukan untuk mempertegas belum bisa memiliki SIM C. Menurut data BPS Kota kondisi obyek wilayah penelitian. Pontianak tahun 2018, pelanggaran aturan lalu lintas Adapun jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini oleh anak dibawah umur di Kota Pontianak pada tahun berjumlah 100 sampel. Kemudian sampel dibagi 2017 berjumlah 1.290 pelanggaran dimana angka dari presentase jumlah sekolah pada tiap kecamatan untuk pelanggaran tersebut terdapat 172 kecelakaan. disebar pada masing–masing responden. Penentuan Berdasarkan penelitian Ramelia (2015), Penggunaan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin. kendaraan pribadi disebabkan oleh minimnya angkutan umum dan trayek pelayanan bus kota kurang 2.2. Teknik Analisis menyeluruh. Teknik analisis yang akan digunakan dalam studi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pontianak telah ini yaitu dengan metode Analisis Deskriptif Kuantitatif menerapkan aturan yang melarang siswa membawa dan Model Gravity (GR). Model Gravity merupakan kendaraan pribadinya untuk aktifitas ke sekolah. Aturan metode interaksi spasial yang sering dipergunakan tersebut disambut dengan baik oleh semua pihak, namun karena mudah digunakan, sangat sederhana, dan mudah aturan tersebut masih memiliki kelemahan terhadap dimengerti. Menurut Tamin (1997), bentuk gravity siswa yang tidak bisa diantar-jemput oleh orang tuanya. model secara umum adalah : Sampai saat ini, pemerintah Kota Pontianak telah , dengan nilai (1) meneyediakan bus rapid transit yang ditargetkan untuk pelajar, akan tetapi pelayanan bus tersebut belum untuk seluruh i (2) mencakup seluruh wilayah Kota Pontianak, khususnya pada Kecamatan Pontianak Utara. Selain itu persebaran untuk seluruh d (3) halte sebagai tempat pemberhentian bus rapid transit Keterangan: tersebut belum tersebar merata di Kota Pontianak T id = Pergerakan dari zona asal i ke zona tujuan d 2 Oi = Jumlah pergerakan yang berasal dari zona asal i transit untuk mengangkut pelajar. Data yang digunakan Dd = Jumlah pergerakan yang menuju ke zona tujuan d dalam pengisian matrik asal-tujuan merupakan data yang diperoleh langsung di lapangan yang dilakukan f id = Parameter fungsi hambatan dengan survei ikut naik bus. Terdapat 4 bus dengan Fungsi hambatan yang terdapat pada persamaan masing – masing koridor yang berbeda sehingga tersebut merupakan salah satu hal terpenting yang harus pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan pada hari Senin diketahui untuk mengestimasi model gravity. Fungsi sampai Kamis pada tanggal 17 – 20 September 2018 hambatan 푓(푐푖d) diartikan sebagai ukuran aksesibilitas pada pukul
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