30568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 DERWINSKI, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. FRE­ entitled to social security benefits at least By Mr. FISHER: LINGHUYSEN, Mr. FRENZEL, Mr. GUB­ half of the 1972 increase in such benefits, H.R. 16651. A rill for the relief of M. Sgt. SER, Mr. HARRINGTON, Mrs. HICKS of either by disregarding it in determining their Ronald J. Hodgkinson, U.S. Army (retired); Massachusetts, Mr. HOGAN, Mr. KEAT­ need for assistance or otherwise; to the Com­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. ING, Mr. JONES of North Carolina, Inittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HICKS of Washington: Mr. KYROS, Mr. MCCLOSKEY, Mr.° By Mr. LUJAN: H.R. 16652. A bill for the relief of Rene MIKVA, :Mr. REUSS, Mr. ROBINSON of H. Con. Res. 703. Concurrent resolution Huhr Allen, Roger Huhr Allen, and Chong Virginia, Mr. STOKES, and Mr. expressing the sense of the Congress that Suk Kim; to the Committee on the Judiciary. THONE): the Soviet Union should be condemned for By Mr.LUJAN: H.R. 16649. A bill to amend title 38 of the its policy of demanding a ransom from edu­ H.R. 16653. A bill for the relief of Samuel T. United States Code to provide that one-half cated Jews who want to emigrate to Israel; Ansley; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of any social security benefit increases pro­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. BRASCO: vided for by Public Law 92-336 be disre­ By Mr. WYDLER: H. Con. Res. 704. Concurrent resolution garded in determining eligibility for pension H. Res. 1117. Resolution expressing the expressing the sense of the Congress that the or compensation under such title; to the support of the House of Representatives for Soviet Union should permit Gavriel Yako­ Committee on Veterans' Affairs. the veto by the United States of the United vievitch Shapiro to travel to the United By Mr. MALLARY (for hiinsel!, Mr. Nations resolution on military operations in States to be with his wife, the former Judith ALEXANDER, Mr. ANDERSON of Ten­ the Middle East; to the Cominittee on For­ Beth Silver; to the Committee on Foreign nessee, Mr. BAKER, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. eign Affairs. Affairs. BIESTER, Mr. BRINKLEY, Mr. CONOVER, By Mr.DOW: Mr. DENT, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mr. FOR­ H. Res. 1118. Resolution to authorize the SYTHE, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. Judiciary Committee to conduct an investi­ FRENZEL, Mr. GUBSER, Mr. HARRING­ gation and study of Federal grand jury prac­ PETITIONS, ETC. TON, Mrs. HICKS of Massachusetts, tices; to the Comxnittee on Rules. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Mr. HOGAN, Mr. KEATING, Mr. JONES 282. The SPEAKER presented a petition of of North Carolina, Mr. KYROS, Mr. the M111tary Order of the World Wars, Wash­ MCCLOSKEY, Mr. MlKVA, Mr. ROBIN­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ington, D.C., relative to summer encamp­ SON of Virginia, Mr. STOKES, and Mr. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private ments for qualHied Junior ROTC cadets, THONE): which was referred to the Committee on H.R. 16650. A blll to require States to pass bills and resolutions were introduced and along to public assistance recipients who are severally referred as follows: Armed Services.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS REFUGEE PROBLEMS INTENSIFY recently has been emphasized by the DEPUTY HIGH COMMAND SPOKESMAN ON Cambodian Government itself after a MILITARY SITUATION [EDITED] IN CAMBODIA Deputy High Command spokesman Maj. long period of relative silence by them Chhang Song stated this morning that at on the subject. Following these remarks 0230 hours this morning the Viet Cong-North HON. DONALD M. FRASER I will insert several recent statements by Vietnamese attacked our position at Phnom OF MINNESOTA the Cambodian Government on the sub­ Bak.heng hill, northwest of Angkor Wat tem­ ject. ple, where furious combat between our troops IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The clear indication is that the situa­ and the communist attackers took place. Tuesday, September 12, 1972 tion of the refugees and other war vic­ Communist pressure forced our forces to tims in Cambodia has deteriorated con­ withdraw from the position at 0500 hours. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the plight . . . Cambodian nationals forced to serve of refugees in cambodia has concerned, siderably in recent weeks and that the the enemy continued to rally our authorities. a number of us in Congress for some time. need for assistance has intensified. Recently three Khmer nationals were report­ This concern has persisted despite ef­ It is my hope that the U.S. Govern­ ed to have joined the national community in forts by executive branch officials, par­ ment, heeding the will of Congress, will the Rumduol town of Svay Rieng Province, ticularly in the Department of State, to provide direct aid to Cambodian refugees bringing with them a Chinese-made PM despite the delay in enacting the foreign machinepistol. An increasing number of ref­ play down the refugee situation in war­ ugees has fled to Svay Rieng town to escape tom Cambodia and to disavow any re­ aid bill with its $2 million fund for Cam­ bodian refugees. communist barbarism. On 9 August, several spansibility on the part of the United refugee families---slx men, six women and 18 States to assist directly Khmer war vic­ The items follow: children-arrived in Svay Rieng town for help tims. LON NOL DISCUSSES PROBLEMS OF WAR and protection from our authorities. On 27 Reports on the situation have been de­ REFUGEES [EDITED] July several famllies from Svay Donkeo town veloped by the Government Accounting At the Chamcarmon Republican City Hall in Parsat Province staged a demonstration at 1000 hours on 10 August, Marshal Lon Nol against the communists for kidnaping an ab­ Otnce, by the Senate Judiciary Subcom­ opened an important work session to discuss bot and forcing the inhabitants to fly the mittee on Refugees and Escapees, and by war refugee problems, land on which to con­ communist red flag. investigators for the House Cbmmittee struct refugees camps, and construction of a on Foreign Affairs. These reports por­ new road from Stung Meanchey to Prey Sor. CAMBODIAN GOVERNMENT ON REFUGEES, ENEMY tray a different picture of the Cambodian Present were high-ranking ministers, govern­ USE OF TANKS [EDITED] refugee situation than that described by ment functionaries and officers from all de­ partments.... (Statement of the Government of the U.S. officials. Khmer Republic) These congressionally sponsored The president briefed the meeting on ref­ ugee problems, especially those concerning The Government of the Khmer Republic studies have indicated that large num­ refugees from Svay Rieng town, whose would like to draw the attention of the gov­ bers of refugees in Cambodia are living in evacuation to Phnom Penh will be immedi­ ernments of friendly countries and world extremely undesirable circumstances and ately entrusted to Lt. Gen. Mao Sikhem. The public opinion to two serious developments are suffering, because of inadequate nu­ president then drew the attention of the au­ in the current war imposed by North Viet­ trition, miserable living quarters, and in­ thorities in charge of the refugees and gov­ nam on the Khmer Republic, an independent sumcient medical attention. ernors of each zone to the necessity for hous­ and peace-loving country. Believing that the United States bears ing, feeding and clothing these brothers. The Recently we have been faced with a grow­ president also raised the issue of rice, a prob­ ing number of refugees who have escaped some responsibility for the plight of these lem which he has taken necessary measures, from the enemy-controlled regions. At the war victims, I sponsored an amendment including the founding of a committee to im­ same time, we have been witnessing the ex­ to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1972 ear­ port rice. tensive use of sophisticated weapons and marking $2 million for their assistance. Following the discussion, the president and heavy tanks by the invading forces of North The amendment was accepted by the all participants visited construction sites of Vietnam in their aggression against our na­ committee and ultimately passed by the refugees camps located west of Stung Mean­ tional defense forces. These two new develop­ House. On the Senate side, Senator Ken­ chey. At the building sites, the president ments in the flagrant war of aggression per­ nedy was successful in having a similar showed his colleagues the projects drawn on petrated by North Vietnam against the a map and explained various plans of the re­ Khmer Republic are the reasons for this amendment adopted as part of the Sen­ sponsible authorities. A high-ranking engi­ statement. The Cambodian Government be­ ate foreign aid measure which ultimately neering om:cer constructing the camps gave a lieves it is imperative to inform world public was defeated. detailed report on the materialization of the opinion a.bout a situation that is no longer The necessity of aiding these refugees projects.••• tolerable. September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30569 The problem of refugees: The number of Kanda!, Takeo and Ka.mpot provinces. This leagues, to accomplish this end, which is the refugees has been growing in the pa.st statement emphasized the growing number long overdue. few months since the start of the North Viet­ of refugees, citing the example of Svay Rieng These are the Jewish high holidays, namese offensive in South Vietnam. The town where the number of refugees has now already splattered with the newly shed regions most affected are located in the south passed 47,000 and where the supply and blood of 11 innocent Israeli athletes at and southeastern parts of Cambodia adja­ housing problems have been aggravated by cent to the South Vietnamese frontier, that the cutting of communications lines by the the Olympic games by Arab assassins. is, the provinces of Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, enemy and because of evacuation difficulties. The Russians did not attend any of the Kanda!, Takeo and Kampot. In these regions, The latter was pointed up when 20 refugees, memorial services. This is easy to under­ the North Vietnamese forces and their allies mostly children and women, were killed on stand. They are today's pharaohs. the Viet Cong have forced people from sev­ their way to Neak Luong when their heli­ Such happenings are not new in Jew­ eral villages to follow them and live in various copter was shot down by the enemy. ish history. Such forced separations are forested zones. Their aim is to depopulate The Cambodian Government appealed to familiar events in the chronicle of that these regions and consolidate their rule over a.11 international organizations to help ease people. What is new is that there are the captive population. The North Viet­ the suffering and misery of the refugees namese forces intend to continue to use Cam­ whose number has grown dally since the war voices in the world that will speak out bodian territory for military purposes in erupted 2 years ago. Refugees are not con­ against such oppression. their operations against South Vietnam. fined to Svay Rleng Province alone but are It is my hope that for once, a modem They have inhumanly recruited thousands everywhere. It is high time for the Interna­ despot will see fit to let go of his cap­ of Cambodian citizens. Thousands of other tional Red Cross to take action. Now that tive. Surely the Russians have little to citizens have succeeded in escaping from the the enemy has kldnaped thousands of fam­ lose and everything to gain by showing invaders and thus have escaped oppression. ilies and held them captive the International compassion to this one man, an emo­ This is the case especially in Svay Rieng Red Cross should help to contact and rescue tion they have been so singularly lacking Province, where the number of refugees these victims who, according to reports since the beginning of the general offensive gathered from refugees, are being massacr.ed in in recent weeks. of the North Vietnamese forces has reached by the Hanoi forces together with prisoners over 47,000. The offensive of the North Viet­ of war-an act which ls counter to interna­ namese is not confined only to South Viet­ tional law. nam but has also affected Svay Rieng Prov­ HOIST WITH OUR OWN PETARD ince and other neighboring provinces. At present the situation of the refugees in Svay GAVRIEL YAKOVIEVITCH SHAPIRO Rieng has deteriorated dramatically, because HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Svay Rieng town ls experiencing increasing OF ILLINOIS supply difficulties following the cutting of a. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES highway at a. point where the invaders are HON. FRANK J. BRASCO launching heavy attacks. OF NEW YORK Wednesday, September 13, 1972 In addition, the evacuation of these ref­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, a nec­ ugees by helicopter has become another Wednesday, September 13, 1972 essarily hard-hitting editorial in the Chi­ grave problem, since the invaders do not cago Tribune of Sunday, September 10, hesitate to fl.re at these helicopters. On 8 Au­ Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, these are gust they shot down one of our helicopters. commented on some of the recent devel­ This new criminal act of war of the commu­ times in \Vhich no petty evil is too nasty opments at the United Nations. nist Vietnamese caused the death of 20 ref­ for some regimes to inflict upon innocent We should be especially alert to the ugees, consisting mostly of women and chil­ people. These days, the title of chief determination of Communist and other dren who p,re being evacuated to Neak persecutor must go to the Soviet Union. misguided nations in the U.N. to abuse Luong, as well as the loss of four crewmen. Not content with roiling the waters the United States on the subject of It is not only in Svay Rieng Province that wherever it profits her politically, Russia Puerto Rico, whereas our record in that the number of refugees ls growing every day. uses the full might of the state to crush This problem ts also reported in Phnom regard is, in my judgment, excellent. those who will not conform to her The editorial follows: Penh and other towns. The refugees have demands. left their property behind and fled from the HOIST WITH OUR OWN PETARD invaders. This exodus of refugees has created Today, that unequal struggle con­ One thing in common between the United more serious problems. tinues to rage between 3% ~illion Rus­ Nations and the United States is that they At the same time, it is clear that the war sian Jews and the Soviet authorities. A are not good at minding their own business. aggression of North Vietnam is being waged significant number of these people, per­ We have been dragged into a number of U.N. against the whole Cambodian people and is haps even a majority, seek to leave that follies, such as ostracizing Rhodesia and aimed at completely annihilating the Cam­ country permanently. Most of them cer­ South Africa and demanding that South bodian people .... tainly wish to be allowed to practice Africa. confer independence on the mandated In conclusion, the Government of the Kh­ their religion in peace. All such efforts, territory of South West Africa, which was mer Republic would like to inform the world, consigned to its trust by the old League of on the one hand, about the tragedy of the from printing prayer books and educat­ Nations half a century a.go. Cambodian ref~ees, who are direct victims ing children to living as Jews and leav­ What concern such matters are to us is not of the war of aggression of North Vietnam ing Russia, are looked upon by the Soviet readily apparent, but on the recent 25th an­ and the general offensive of the Hanoi forces authorities as criminal acts against their niversary of U.N. Charles W. Yost, the Ameri­ at present, and on the other hand, about the oppressive despotism. can delegate, gratuitously informed that expansion of the war of aggression with the One such individual who wishes to body that South West Africa may expect no use of heavy tanks by North Vietnam against leave is Gavriel Yakovievitch Shapiro. American financial aid as long as it remains our national defense armed forces, who at under the tutelage of South Africa. present have no weapons that can match On June 8, 1972, he was married in a Now the U.N. Colonialism Committee has such tanks. Moreover, the Government of religious ceremony in Moscow to Judith repaid Mr. Yost's expression of loyalty by the Khmer Republic would like to humbly Beth Silver. As religious ceremonies are voting 12 to O, with 10 abstentions, that the appeal to peace-loving international public not recognized in the Soviet Union, ap­ former American territory of Puerto Rico, opinion and to international cooperation to plication was made for a civil ceremony now a free commonwealth associated with exert pressure on the Hanoi Government to at the Moscow Palace of Marriages. The the United States, is being repressed by halt the unreasonable expansionist aggres­ date scheduled by Soviet authorities for American "colonialism." sion of North Vietnam against the Khmer The resolution recognized the "inalienable Republic. this civil ceremony was August 30, 1972, right of the people of Puerto Rico to self­ after Miss Silver's visa would expire. Her determination and independence." It com­ U.N., RED CROSS ACTION SAID NECESSARY IN efforts to obtain a new visa have been missioned an inquiry into the status of the CAMBODIA (EDITED] futile. commonwealth, which has never shown any On 13 August the Cambodian Government On June 29, 1972, Gavriel contracted a inclination to cut loose from the United issued a statement calling on the govern­ civil marriage with Miss Silver by proxy, States. In a referendum in 1967, Puerto ments of friendly countries and world public in the District of Columbia. This mar­ Ricans strongly favored contliiuation of opinion to witness the expansion CY! this war riage is recognized as valid here in the commonwealth status. The vote was: com­ that Hanoi has waged with the aim of swal­ United States. monwealth, 425,081; statehood (with the lowing up Cambodian territory. In the state­ United States), 273,315; independence, 4,205. ment the Cambodian Government charged Yet the Soviet Government sees fit to The least the U.N. could have done before Hanoi with being the aggressor and pointed prevent this man from leaving Russia in going off half-cocked was to consult the out that the offensive of the Hanoi forces fol­ order to be reunited with his wife. I am Puerto Ricans themselves, but the lordly as­ lowing the general offensive in Vietnam has pleased to sponsor a resolution on the sumption that guides the busybodies in the greatly endangered Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, part of the Congress, with 24 of my col- glass crypt on the East River in New York lS 30570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 that everybody's business is their business. stant source of irritation to tourists. The great deal of time, talent, and money to put Fortunately, Gov. Luis A. Ferre. of Puerto proposed legislation would remove these re­ the traveling public on notice as to these re­ Rico wlll have no part of this nonsense. He strictions in the case of persons entering strictions, experience has shown that the vast announced, "The vote of the Colonialism the United States with goods whlch they pur­ majority of violations occur because the re­ Committee doesn't mean a thing." Puerto chased abroad for personal purposes and not turning traveler is unaware of the law. This Rico, he said, will "refuse to cooperate" with for resale. The types and quantities of such situation creates a great deal of ill will not any U.N. committee poking its nose into goods would be determined by tne Secretary only for Customs but for the trade-mark Puerto Rico's affairs. Any attempt by the of the Treasury and published in the Fed­ owner as well. U.N. to hold hearings in Puerto Rico, he eral Register. In all other instances, trade­ The draft bill would grant a limited ex­ added, "would be completely out of place" mark owners will continue to have pro­ empt ion from such trademark restrictions by and "we will refuse to have them." cedural remedies presently found in existing permitting the Secretary of the Treasury to So, if Mr. Yost has not much sense, Gov. law. authorize the importation of limited quanti­ Ferre has it in abundance. The U .N. attempt ties of trade-mark merchandise accompany­ to meddle is a direct product of our own silli­ ing persons arriving in the United States, if ness in going along with its past meddling. ANALYSIS OF H.R.16600, To AMEND THE TARIFF such merchandise is intended for personal South West Afrlca has been given a U.N. ACT OF 1930 To PROVIDE AN EXEMPl'ION FROM use and not for resale. designation as "Namibia" and the U.N. has THE RESTRICTIONS OF THE TRADEMARK LAWS, The first section of the bill would amend created a paper commission to run it. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES section 526 of the Tariff Act of 1930 by adding The South Africans simply ignore the hol­ Section 42 of the Act of July 1946 ( 15 thereto a new subsection (d) dealing with low U.N. command. South West Africa is U.S.C. 1124) hereinafter called "the 1946 the personal exemption, and adding language principally a burden on them. It is composed Act", which reenacted without change the at the beginning of subsection ( e) to except of disparate tribes, 19 in number, with little provisions of section 27 of the Act of Febru­ merchandise entered under new subsection in common except for the seven tribes of ary 20, 1905 (33 Stat. 730), prohibits the im­ (d) from the trade-mark restrictions of sec­ Ovambo. South Africa plows back any reve­ portation of merchandise that copies or simu­ tion 526. nue the territory produces and. its principal lates the name of any domestic manufacture, New subsection (d) would establish an ex­ concern is to keep the lengthy coastal stretch manufacturer or trEl'der, or of any manufac­ emption for imported merchandise accom­ from falling to a Soviet navy on the prowl in turer or trader located in a foreign country panying persons arriving in the United all waters. The Communists have agitated be­ whi-ch affords similar privileges to United States, for their personal use, within limita­ hind the scenes to get the Afro-Asian bloc in States citizens, or which copies or simulates tion s of type and quantity to be specified by U.N. to press action for divestiture. a trade-mark registered in accordance with the Secretary of the Treasury in regulations, Our only interest in South West Africa is the 1946 Act or which bears any mark or provided that such an exemption has not the ann u al importation of $11 million worth name calculated to induce belief that the been claimed by the same person within the of frozen rock lobster. For such stakes as this merchandise is manufactured in the United preceding 30 days. If any article exempted are we to lower the boom on South Africa? St ates. Section 42 of the 1946 Act also au­ under the subsection is sold within one year thorizes a procedure pursuant to which man­ following its importation, the article or its ufacturers or traders may record their names value (to be recovered from the importer) ls and registered trade-marks with the De­ subject to forfeiture. REMARKS OF THE HONORABLE part ment of the Treasury and provide iden­ In establishing the quantitative limits, it JOHN W. BYRNES ON INTRODUC­ tifying facsimiles for its use as an aid to en­ is contemplated that the Secretary, through ING THREE BILLS AMENDING forcement. the Bureau of Customs, would conduct a Section 526 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as survey to determine the quantities in which CUSTOMS LAW amended (19 U.S.C. 1526), makes, it unlaw­ particular types of articles are usually pur­ ful to import any merchandise of foreign chased at retail for personal use. The in­ manufacture if such merchandise, or its label quiry would be directed to types of articles HON. JOHN W. BYRNES or wrapper, bears a trade-mark owned by a rather than individual trade-marks. For ex­ OF WISCONSIN corporate or real citizen of the United States ample, if the type of article were cameras, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and registered in accordance with the 1946 it is believed that a study would show that Act, unless written consent of such owner Wednesday, September 13, 1972 such articles, if for personal use, are usually to its importation is produced at the time purchased singly. Therefore, the Secretary Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. of making customs entry of the marked mer­ would probably establish the quantitative Speaker, I am today introducing three chandise. This section has been consistently limits for cameras at one. Also, it is con­ bills at the request of the administration interpreted by the Bureau of Customs for the templated that before any list of such types past 20 years as excluding from protection of articles is given effect, a list giving tenta­ which amend the customs laws in several foreign-produced merchandise bearing a tive determinations with respect to quanti­ respects. The bills incorporate admin­ genuine trade-mark created, owned, and reg­ tative limits for each type of article would istrative changes in our customs laws istered by a citizen of the United States lf be published in the Federal Register and all that the administration feels are de­ the foreign producer has been authorized by interested persons given an opportunity to sirable on the basis of experience and the American trademark owner to produce state their views in writing. study. and sell abroad goods bearing the recorded The. draft bill would limit this privilege to In view of the limited time remaining trade-mark. Protection is accorded under sec­ articles accompanying persons arriving in the in the 92d Congress, it is not expect,ed tion 526 to trade-mark owners if an attempt United States. This will eliminate a burden­ is made to import such merchandise in vio­ some administrative problem and is in keep­ that there will be time to formally con­ lation of an agreement authorizing the for­ ing with the practice at the present time sider these measures during the present eign producers to sell only to the trade-mark since trade-mark owners granting consents session of Congress. However, I am in­ owner. In addition, lf merchandise bears a to the importation of limited numbers of ar­ troducing them on behalf of the admin­ genuine trade-mark created outside the ticles bearing their trade-marks generally do istration so that interested members of United States the rights to which have been not extend such consent to include "articles the public will have them available for assigned to and recorded by a United States to follow." study and comment. citizen, protection ls also granted. Section The provisions of the present law which I am attaching to my remarks a brief 526 also provides specific remedies to enforce require Customs to apply the restrictions on compliance with its provisions. importation against articles for personal use description of each bill and where it will The continued automatic exclusion under acquired abroad by tourists and other travel­ facilitate understanding, a more detailed section 526 of most merchandise bearing a ers impose an inordinate administrative bur­ analysis: genuine trade-mark, without distinguishing den upon the Bureau of Customs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF H.R. 16600, To AMEND between merchandise arriving in commercial Section 2 of the blll would amend section THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930 To PROVIDE AN EX­ quantities and merchandise accompanying a 42 of the Act of July 5, 1946, by adding at the EMPTION FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF THE person arriving in the United States and in­ beginning of that section language which ex­ TRADEMARK LAWS, AND FOR OTHER PuRPOSES tended for personal use, has generated sub­ cepts from the general trade-mark restric­ Under existing law, trade-mark owners stantial controversy in regard to the impact tions merchandise which falls within new may absolutely prohibit the importation of of this policy on Americans traveling abroad subsection (d) of section 526 of the Tar11f items bes.ring the trade-marks which they and purchasing, in good faith, articles bear­ Act of 1930. control. Many of the kinds of things which ing a genuine mark. Section 3 of the draft bill would amend Amerioan tourists normally buy abroad, for Frequent complaints are received from sections 4 and 7 of the Anti-Smuggling Act example, perfumes, watches, and cameras, these persons when they find on their return of 1935 (49 Stat. 519 and 520; 19 U.S.C. 1704 a.re subject to these restrictions by trade­ to the United States that such articles are and 1707) to substitute the terms "appro­ mark owners. Customs is therefore reqUired prohibited importation under the trade-mark priate customs officer" or "customs officer" to interfere with thousands of return.lng laws unless the written consent of the trade­ for the terms "collector of customs" or "col­ Americg.n tourists annually. This provision mark owner is obtained or the offending lector." This section would also amend sec­ serves little or no useful purpose, 1s expen­ trade-mark is obliterated or removed from tion 401(b) of the Anti-Smuggling Act (49 sive for Customs to admln1ster, and 1s a. COU• the articles. Al though Customs expends a Stat. 529; 19 U.S.C. 1709(b)) to redefine "of- September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30571 ficer of the customs" and "customs officer" to and disciplining brokers who fail to perform creases the work necessary by the Bureau of eliminate the reference to appointment by a their duties and responsibllities adequately. Customs to supervise customs broker's ac­ collector. The Tarl.ft' Act of 1930 was simllarly Accordingly, a Bureau of Customs task tivities. amended in Title Ill of Public Law 91-271, force was established to make a comprehen­ Another major feature of the revised li­ but through oversight the Anti-Smuggling sive review of au activities, laws and regula­ censing procedures is the elimination of the Act was not included. This section would im­ tions relating to licensed customhouse requirement of present law and regulations plement the authority granted to the Secre­ brokers, and to make such recommendations that an individual, partnership, corporation tary of the Treasury under Reorganization as might be appropriate for the revision of or association seeking to transact business in Plan No. 1 (1965) and No. 26 (1950). the existing statute and regulations. The more than one customs district obtain a Section 4 of the draft bill would amend recommendations of the task force are re­ separate license for ea.ch district. Instead, the the Tariff Classification Act of 1962 (76 Stat. flected in the proposed bill. proposed bill provides for the granting of a 72) to perm.it the Tarl.ft' Schedules of the The proposed bill substitutes the term single national license together with a per­ United States to be cited as TSUS, which has "customs broker" for the term "customhouse mit system in which a licensed customs become the standard reference to the tarl.ft' broker" wherever it appears in section 641. broker wishing to operate a customs broker­ schedules. This amendment reflects the changing char­ age business within a particular customs dis­ aicter of the industry; brokers no longer con­ trict or districts would be required to obtain duct business exclusively from offices at cus­ a separate permit to do business in each BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF H.R. 16601, To MODERN­ tomhouses, but now deal with Customs such district or districts. IZE THE PROCEDU RES FOR LICENSING AND wherever imported cargo is handled. Under existing regulations, a corporation, DISCIPLINING CUSTOMS BROKERS, AND FOR The first section revises the requirement association, or partnership licensed to do OTHER PURPOSES for securing customs broker's licenses by business in a customs district is only re­ The Customs Brokers' legislation would corporations, associations or partnerships by quired to have a "qualified" employee super­ modernize procedures for licensing and dis­ reducing t he number of licensed officers or vising the activities of the business in that ciplining customs brokers. The proposed bill members; limits to five years the period for district. Under the proposed bill the quality is designed to ( 1) improve the qualit y of su­ which a license is valid without being re­ of the supervision exercised over the business pervision exercised by the customs broker newed; and eliminates the requirement that transacted in a district would be improved by over his business; (2) to prot ect the importer a license be obtained by a customs broker for requiring a permitted broker to employ and by requiring the broker to post a perform­ every district in which he wishes to transact assign to that district an individually li­ ance bond; and (3) to provide the Bureau of busin ess by substituting a simpler, more censed broker to exercise responsible super­ Customs with great er supervisory control manageable system of permits. vision and control over all of the customs over the activities of customs brokers. The As under existing law, licenses would be business transacted in that district. A three disciplinary hearing procedure would also be granted only where an applicant clearly year delay provision is established, however, modernized by substit u t ing an independent demonstrates his knowledge of Customs and in order to allow brokers who are already es­ hearing examiner for the customs officer who relat ed laws, regulations and procedures, as tablished to bring themselves into com­ now presides over such hearings. well as an awareness of his obligation to pliance with this requirement. perform his services for his clients in ac­ Also included in the first section of the ANALYSIS OF H.R. 16601, To MODERNIZE THE cordance with the standards of conduct im­ proposed bill is an amendment to the exist­ PROCEDURES FOR LICENSING AND DISCIPLIN­ posed under applicable laws and regulations. ing provision dealing with the revocation of ING CUSTOMS BROKERS, AND FOR OTHER Under existing law, a customs broker's a corporate, association or partnership cus­ PURPOSES license cannot be granted to a corporation, toms broker's license by operation of law for The proposed bill would amend section associat ion, or partnership unless individual failure for more than sixty days to have the 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 licenses as customs brokers have been issued required number of individually licensed of­ U.S.C. 1641), to modernize the procedures to at least two of the members of such part­ ficers or members associated with such busi­ for the licensing and disciplining of cus­ nership or two of the officers of such corpora­ ness. The required number is reduced from tomhouse brokers. The existing statute is tion or association. The proposed bill reduces two to one in conformity with the proposal substantially a reenactment of the original t o one the number of officers or members who to reduce the number of qualifying license statute authorizing the licensing of custom­ must hold a customs broker's license for holders for such corporate, association or house brokers (Act of June 10, 1910, 36 Stat. such purpose. To require two individually partnership Ucense. 464) , and continues the basic licensing and licensed officers deprives a small business­ A similar amendment is proposed in re­ disciplinary scheme developed in that act man of tax advantages which may be gained gard to the revocation by operation of law With the addition of provisions to regulate from incorporating his business. Existing of a permit to operate a customs broker­ the licensing of partnerships, corporations, law may also require some businesses to age business in a particular customs dis­ and associations. Thus, for 60 years the law secure the services of a licensed broker solely trict. The amendment provides that the per­ regulating customhouse brokers has been al­ to qualify the entity without the licensee mit for a district shall be deemed revoked most unchanged. ever assuming any real role of responsible if for any continuous period of more than The same cannot be said for the Bureau supervision. In such cases the licensees serve sixty days after the issuance of such permit, of Customs or the customs brokerage busi­ only as figureheads in order that partner­ an individually licensed broker is not em­ ness. Pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 1 ships, corporations or associations can com­ ployed within that district. A delay of three of 1965 (30 F.R. 7035), Reorganization Plan ply with existing law. Such a requirement is years in the effective date of this require­ No. 26 of 1950 (3 CFR ch. III), section 1 of not meaningful in terms of assuring respon­ ment is provided so that brokers may bring the Act of August 1, 1914, as amended, 38 sible supervision of the customs business of themselves into compliance with it. Such a Stat. 623 (19 U.S.C. 2), and Executive Order a corporation, association or partnership by provision is intended to insure that a cus­ No. 10289, September 17, 1951 (3 CFR ch. a licensed officer or member. toms business permitted to operate in a dis­ III), the operational a.nd administrative or­ The proposed bill further provides that a trict will be properly supervised. ganization of the Bureau of Customs was customs broker's Ucense shall be valid for Section 2 amends subsection (b) of section modernized by a.bolishing customs-collection five years from the date of issuance and shall 641 dealing with the procedures for revoca­ districts and by creating fewer and more be automatically renewable upon application tion or suspension of a customs broker's 11- manageable customs regions and districts. In therefor in accordance with regulations pre­ cense. The proposed bill substitutes an in­ 1968, the Secretary of the Treasury issued a scribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. It 1s dependent hearing examiner in place of the revised Part 31 of the Customs Regulations intended that the implementing regulations customs officer who now presides over sus­ ( 19 CFR Part 31) to refiect the changes made wlll provide that the renewal appllcation may pension and revocation hearings; provides necessary by this reorganization, but the not be filed prior to the last six months of for decision by default in appropriate cases Department has ~und that many problems the Ucense period, but may be filed within where the accused broker fails to appear in still exist in certain areas of customhouse one year following the date of expiration of person or by counsel; and provides a sum­ brokers' activities. This is due in large part such Ucense. However, no person shall be per­ mary procedure in which the appropriate to the fact that the customs brokerage busi­ mitted to transact business as a customs officer of the customs may on written notice ness has not remained static since 1910. broker without a valid license, unless a re­ and decision suspend the broker's right to From small one-man businesses operating newal application filed prior to the date of make entries for a period not to exceed thir­ exclusively at the customhouse, the average, expiration is pending. These provisions would ty days with written appeal to the Secretary modern Cl,lStoms brokerage firm is a corpora­ replace the provisions under the present law of the Treasury or his designee. tion employing people to deal with customs providing for the issuance of Ucenses with­ Under existing procedures the district di­ at piers, container stations, warehouses, air­ out any expiration date. The present provi­ rector of customs is placed in the seemingly ports and truck terminals among other sion has resulted in a situation in which incompatible position of both complainant places, and frequently carrying on multi­ there are an unknown number of dormant and hearing officer. The proposed bill sub­ district operations. The supervisory respon­ licenses outstanding because brokers have stitutes an independent hearing examiner sibility over many employees and the re­ died or gone out of business and the Bureau designated pursuant to section 3105 of title quirement that all customs trans&ctions be of Customs has not been advised of these 5, United States Code, for the district di­ accurately accounted for has become ex­ facts. Consequently, it has not been possible rector as the hearing officer in proceedings tremely difficult for the broker and for the to maintain an up-to-date roster of licensed brought to suspend or revoke a broker's li­ Bureau of Customs which under existing law brokers who are actively engaged in the cus­ cense. is responsible to the public for supervising tom brokerage business. This greatly in- In addition, the proposed bill would direct 30572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 the hearing examiner to conclude the hear­ formance bond. A proviso is included in the Wheat, however, was bringing $1.32, two ing at whatever point has been reached in proposed amendment stating that any pro­ cents less than a year ago. the proceeding if the customs broker fails ceeding instituted prior to the effective date Cost of farm production has risen steadily to appear in person or through legal coun­ of the subsection for revocation or suspen­ for several years, according to the Agricul­ sel, thereby eliminating the time and ex­ sion of a license shall b-e governed by the ture Department, with farm operating ex­ pense necessitated when the Government is law in force at the time the proceeding was penses increasing 27 per cent in the last required to introduce unchallenged testi­ instituted. five years. mony and documentary evidence in support Section 4 imposes a new requirement on The disparity between farm prices and of charges against a broker. The Secretary customs brokers to post a performance bond farm costs is even greater when figures be­ of the Treasury is permitted, upon default, for the protection of clients and the Gov­ fore 1971 are considered. to accept the written charges as proven and ernment. No such performance bond is now Overalls in 1969, for example, oost $5.17 at revoke or suspend the broker's license, or, required. If the broker misapplies or mis­ a time when wheat sold for $1.22 per bushel. upon the showing of good and sufficient rea­ uses funds belonging to his client, the cli­ A comparable grain combine in 1969 aver­ sons for the default of the broker, to order ent may have no recourse against the aged about $11,000. that the hearing be reopened or a new hear­ broker. By the time the defalcations are dis­ Corn in June 1969 brought $1.18 per ing held. covered, the broker is often bankrupt and bushel, five cents more than in that month A technical amendment included in the the client may be unable to recover. The of this year. Cattle averaged $28 per 100 proposed bill permits the Secretary of the posting of performance bonds would alle­ pounds in June 1969; about $28.50 last sum­ Treasury to revoke or suspend the license of viate this situation. mer, then rose to a record $34.60 last month. a broker who has failed to comply with the There are some hopes for improvement of rules and -regulations governing customs BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF H.R. 16602, To AMEND the farmers' lot, though, the economists say. brokers. While the present statute is worded THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930 TO GRANT ADDI­ Higher prices for c:a.ttle and hogs this year in terms of a refusal to comply with such TIONAL ARREST AUTHORITY TO OFFICERS OF have generated a trend of improvement with rules and regulations, there has been a long­ THE CuSTOMS SERVICE net farm income expected to rise about $2 continued administrative practice reflected This bill would grant additional arrest au­ billion this year over last year. in Part 31 of the Customs Regulations to thority to custoCTs officers. At present such Meantime, while the farmers face a tight­ consider failure to comply as a refusal. The officers may make arrests without warrant ening squeeze between production costs and amendment conforms the law and regula­ for violations of the narcotic drug or mari­ income, consumers face increasing food tions by using the words "has failed or re­ huana. laws, and for violations of the Cus­ prices with the price boost in many cases far fused." toms or navigation laws or any law respect­ outstripping the rate of rise in personal The proposed bill also includes a summary ing the revenue where the violation is com­ income. procedure without a hearing for the tempo­ mitted in his presence or where he. has rea­ rary suspension of a broker's right to make son to believe that the person to be arrested entries. Under existing practice, the appro­ has committed or is committing such viola­ POW'S AND POLITICS priFte customs officer may, for good and tion. Since Customs has become engaged in sufficient reasons, recommend to the Secre­ expanded Federal enforcement programs, this tary of the Treasury either suspension or limited authority has proved to be inade­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK revocation of a customs broker's license after quate. Because of the lack of arrest authority OF LOUISIANA a hearing, or issue a written reprimand with without warrant, Customs personnel have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the approval of the Commissioner of Cus­ been sworn in as deputy United States mar­ toms. There is no provision for a situation shals to function effectively in the U.S. Sky Wednesday, September 13, 1972 where the broker's dereliction is not serious Marshal program. Also, special agents of the Mr. enough to justify the filing of charges looking Customs Agency Service have been similarly RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in last to suspension or revocation of his license deputized in order to protect Government night's gossip outlet which passes itself but is serious enough to warrant more than employees and property. This need to obtain as a nonpartisan newspaper, we read the a reprimand. The blll provides that the ap­ ad hoc arrest authority has proved to be heartrending story of how a naval cap­ propriate customs officer may at any time cumbersome and inefficient. The Department tain held as a U.S. POW in Vietnam had order the broker to show cause why his right of Justice, under whose law Customs officers written his mother to give a $25 donation to make entries in a district should not be have been designated United States Marshals, from his Navy pay to a campaign com­ temporarily suspended for a period of not has requested this Department to seek ex­ mittee of the presidential candidate of more than thirty days. The show cause or­ panded arrest authority for Customs officers der must be in writing and must include to obviate the problem. my party. the allegations or complaints against the As a former POW myself, I can cer­ broker. It affords him the opportunity to tainly understand the mother's desire to respond to such charges in writing witlfin FARM PRODUCTION COSTS carry out her son's wish. In fact, when I five days. After considering the allegations CONTINUE TO INCREASE was a POW, I would probably have given or complaints and the response thereto, the my entire military salary for a year to customs officer shall issue a written decision. A summary suspension is appealable in writ­ defeat the then President Franklin ing to the Secretary of the Treasury or his HON. JOHN M. ZWACH Delano Roosevelt. I am glad that the designee and upon the receipt of such appeal OF MINNESOTA POW's request is being given every con­ the suspension shall be stayed until a deci­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sideration as well as publicity. sion upon the appeal is made. The only thing that worries me is how Also, in order to provide more flexibility Wednesday, September 13, 1972 a Navy captain, a POW since last May, in penalizing the improper actions of Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, while the even knows that the Democratic Party brokers against whom formal charges have economy of our country in general is on candidate has a million-member club. been brought a provision is included allow­ ing the Secretary to suspend the right to a steady increase, our farm economy still Apparently, communications are good to make entry. leaves much to be desired. This is not North Vietnam. Section 3 repeals subsection (c) of sec­ only my concern, it is the concern of edi­ As for myself, I am still waiting to hear tion 641, Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 torial writers throughout our Minnesota why the Presidential candidates cannot U.S.C. 1641(c)), and substitutes a new sub­ Sixth Congressional District. get a U.S. POW out of the Fort Benning section (c). The existing subsection protects An example of the writing on this sub­ stockade; that is, Lt. William Calley. licenses in effect prior to August 26, 1935, ject is the following from the Brainerd The whole episode is but another indi­ the date when this provision was last re­ Daily Dispatch, which, I would like to cation of manipulated emotionalism vised. The proposed amendment protects li­ insert into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, too censes in effect on the date of enactment that often characterizes American of this bill for a period of five years. There­ so it can be read by my colleagues and all Politics. after, licensees a.re subject to the renewal the other readers of this publication: A related news story follows: provisions provided for in this proposed bill. FARM PRODUCTION COSTS CONTINUE (From the Washington Star and Daily News, Licenses in effect on the date of enactment To INCREASE Sept. 12,1972] also serve as permits to operate a customs Farm economists say that agricultural pro­ A NEW CAMPAIGN CAPER! brokerage business for the same five-year duotion costs still are outstripping farm period in all distriots where the broker is income despite the high prices which con­ (By Isabelle Shelton) licensed without requiring applications for sumers are paying for food. A $25 check, drawn on the U.S. Treasury, permits or the employment of a licensed For example, figures cited in a repo:rrt by the made its way into the McGovern-for-Presi­ broker in each district where the license Agriculture Department, show that farmers dent campaign yesterday. holder is permitted to operate. However, this summer had to pay $6.43 for a pair of The familiar blue cardboard, recognizable such licensees are still subject to the amend­ overalls which a year ago cost them $6.02 to anyone who ever got a paycheck, tax re­ ed provisions dealing with suspension, revo­ and the cost of one combine has increased bate or Social Security benefit from Uncle cation, renewal and the posting of a per- from $17,820 to $19,300 in one year. Sam, raised a few eyebrows among the press September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30573 who had come to watch McGovern's wue, THE APPALLING STATE OF PROD­ child's nightdress and put a match close Eleanor, formally accept it. UCT SAFETY IN AMERICA to it. Such is the kind of outrage we live But it was all on the up and up. The check was a contribution from Navy Capt. Joseph with today, and it can strike any of our Kernan, 26, who has been a prisoner of war in children or grandchildren at any time. North Vietnam since last May 7 after his HON. FRANK J. BRASCO The Safe Toy Act is still another plane was shot down over Qhan Hoa. OF NEW YORK scandal, as the FDA finally is beginning Kernan wrote his mother, Mrs. Marion to move slowly in the direction of elimi­ Kernan, of the District, asking her to take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nating thousands of dangerous toys from $25 from his savings, and give it to McGovern. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 the shelves of literally thousands of She had to get a $25 check from the Navy Department-after showing them her son's Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, the aver­ stores. Yet our minimal progress to date letter-she explained, because "his money is age American goes about his or her daily has taken maximum outrage and pres­ tied up and is not available to me." affairs confident that somewhere and sure upon the Product Safety Division of Yesterday, as she handed the check to somehow his or her Government is pro­ the Food and Drug Administration. Eleanor McGovern, she read a part of her viding an umbrella of protection against Power lawnmowers extract a toll of son's letter. certain elementary hazards. approximately 1 million accidents per "What I would ask, Mom, is that you take year, yet nothing has been done about $25 of my money and join me in McGovern's I refer to bad foods, unsafe drugs, im­ Million Member Club. It isn't just for our own properly tested items, and dangerous setting safety standards these machines sake that we need McGovern to become Presi­ products that can be purchased in all in­ must conform to. Another failure by the dent of the United States, but the country's. nocence across the retail counters of Government. I'm sure I don't need to encourage all of you America's stores. We know of these situations. In some to really get out and work for the man. We Our average consumer feels that pure instances, we have even legislated in need him." food and drug laws and product safety order to put an end to abuses. Yet, over­ Mrs. Kernan, mother of nine (Joseph is the laws are right there on the statute books; all, there is either no Government legis­ oldest) , said she did not know how her son had learned of the Million Member Club, a insuring that before any shady operator lative initiative or there is a lack of will­ McGovern fund-raising device. places such items on any store shelf, the ingness on the part of Government She has received just two letters from her swift, steady hand of Federal protection agencies to enforce existing laws. son since his capture, the mother said, and will catch him before he can get away In sum, as far as product safety for the "to the best of my knowledge he did not with such a shady deed. Such in fact is average citizen is concerned, his Na­ get my letters." not the case. In fact, the very opposite is tional Government is by and large as She assumes her son must have learned true. great a disaster as the products he is about the Million Member Club "from the It has been my surprised discovery to utilizing. news media," she added. Thanking the mother, Eleanor McGovern find that of all the fallacies we are prone A classic instance is that of commer­ said: "As you know, my husband has long to believe in, this is perhaps the most all­ cial glass. At least 250,000 needless acci­ been opposed to the Vietnam war. I know pervasive. Until very recently, when I dents happen with glass doors every year one of the first things he will do as Presi­ began to delve into this area, I, too, in this country. Why? Because wherever dent is end it." placed significant credibllity in that possible, contractors utilize weak, easily She and her husband were "very proud" shadowy, amorphous "something" called breakable glass. In most States, no law to add Kernan's name to the Million Member Federal protection. Orange groves in roll, she said, and "I hope that 90 days after requires that sturdy glass be used in next January I will have a chance to meet Greenland are more certain than Fed­ glass doors in residential buildings. I your son." eral product safety protection for the refer to shower, patio, storm, and simple (McGovern has pledged he would pull all American consuming public. entry doors. U.S. forces out of Vietnam 90 days after he I have already dealt with the American More than half of those victimized by took office, and that he is confident Hanoi hotdog, which turns out to be a non­ such tragedies are children under age 15. then would release U.S. prisoners they are nutritious, chemical-loaded, fat-filled Efforts are being made to get the States holding.) fraud with a lesser protein content than to pass a model law requiring use of one Young Kernan is a 1968 graduate of Notre its depression-era predecessor. of several kinds of sturdy glass or plastic Dame University, who joined the Navy short­ I ly thereafter. He went into the Navy in order have also touched upon no enforce­ in such doors. to escape the draft, his mother said. ment by various Government agencies of Oppo'Sition in the State legislatures, Did he want to go to war? a reporter asked. perfectly sensible laws passed by this mainly from builders and hardware "Does anyone want to go to war?" she Congress. The Food and Drug Adminis­ dealers, has been growing. Why? Simple. responded. tration is a classic example of a con­ They would rather that the toll continue While she was in the building, Mrs. Mc­ sumer protection agency that is neither than make the better kind of materials Govern toured the entire headquarters, ask­ oriented towarrd consumer protection, or available. And remember that such better ing endless questions of volunteers and staff even toward protection, except for members. materials cost money, and we would not In the day nursery where volunteers de­ major industries. want to have to spend any more money posit their small children, Mrs. McGovern The Poison Prevention Packaging Act, to save say, 175,000 of those 250,000 small squatted down so that she could address the designed to insure that child deaths will children every year, would we? tots eyeball-to-eyeball. be minimized through emplacement of So the home builders and the hard­ It was, she was told by some of the childproof safety closures on containers ware merchants have fought off the mothers taking their turn in the nursery, holding hazardous substances is still not challenge in one State legislature after "the prettiest room in the building." being actually enforced by FDA. There another. have been minimal efforts to place such And because most State and local closures onto aspirin containers as a building codes do not require use of MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ result of FDA action, but even this small HOW LONG? safety glass in glass doors in residential effort comes some 19 months after the buildings, the carnage will continue. Only law was signed. in commercial buildings are there found HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE The Commerce Department has not some requirements of this sort. Where OF IOWA enforced the Flammable Fabrics Act. are those mighty champions of the rights IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nearly half a decade old already, this of the States to do their own thing? Here basically simple law is designed to insure is their chance. Yet they do nothing. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 that children's sleepwear is flame­ No better illustration can be found of Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child proofed. Several thousand small young­ the desperate need for a new product asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: sters annually are turned into miniature safety law or act. An opportunity will "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my funeral pyres because the textile industry shortly be given the House of Represen­ husband alive or dead?" has had the political clout to prevent tatives to act on this and a score of other Communist North Vietnam is sadistic­ high standards from being set and en­ similar issues. ally practicing spiritual and mental forced. Only one major company today is The other body has passed, by a vote genocide on over 1,757 American prison­ carrying a line of flameproofed small of 63 to 10, an excellent Product Safety ers of war and their famlles. children's sleepwear. If anyone does not Act. Among other things, this measure How long? believe this, just patronize a store, buy a would set up an independent Product 30574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 Safety Commission empowered to estab­ Pride in Retirement, Inc. is a non-profit, I msert that editorial in the RECORD at tax exempt organimtion which was founded this point: lish safety standards for consumer prod­ in 1965. This was prior to the time of local ucts. SN AIL SERVICE government's realization of the needs of older Few New Yorkers would describe the trip This measure has been years in the people of which many were being forced into making, being the distillation of stag­ across Manhattan, from the East River to retirement because of age and automation. the Hudson, as a pleasure trip. It seems it gering quantities of man-hours, investi­ The format for Pride in Retirement sen­ was ever thus: at the turn of the century, it gations, testimony, and creative legis­ ior center was based on the opinions & re­ was ruefully a.dmited that, because of the lative thought. It is a strong measure, and quests of retired persons from the south­ tra.ftlc that choked the streets during busi­ one is desperately needed. Such a prod­ eastern area of Baltimore County. It was sub­ ness hours, the journey consumed eleven uct safety commission as is envisioned mitted in its entirety to Congressman Clar­ minutes. Today the trip can take something in the Senate version could eventually ence D. Long for approval & assistance. Dr. more than twice as long. Long was so impressed with the proposal that The blessings of modern methods have set standards for glass doors that would he rea.d it into the Congressional Record in in fact set a national requirement for transformed many facets of our lives, but July, 1965. He guided the organization to a perhaps none so completely as the postal safer doors. The same type of action federal grant under the Maryland State Com­ service. We have had occasion to advert to could be taken in regard to literally mission on Aging for a period of three years. second-class mail, which is the method by dozens of kinds of products which an­ After two yea.rs & one month, the Officers which any periodical reaches its subscribers, nually take a dreadful toll from the con­ of Pride in Retirement, Inc. withdrew from and is thus of great importance to us at The suming public in terms of crippling in­ the federal grant & became a self-sustaining Nation. Present proposals call for an increase juries and deaths. independent organization. Since that time, in the next five years to second-class charges Pride in Retirement senior center has been nearly two and a half times the present This bill is based substantially upon marching steadily forward. Approximately recommendations made in 1970 by the rates, which burden could be carried only 300 individuals are on the roll book of which by an appropriate increase in subscription National Product Safety Commission, approximately 80 are active participants. rates for magazines and newspapers. But we which identified at least 16 hazardous The immedia.te goal of Pride in Retirement, would like for a moment to turn to first-class products. Glass doors were one of the 16. Inc. is enjoyment of good health, companion­ mail, from which also there is a lesson to be Mr. Speaker, we have reached a point ship & social togetherness. The long range learned. where we either make a move towards goal is a complete senior center which will Many of us can remember the days when the kind of protection the public must embody elderly housing, convalescent--nurs­ one stuck a two-cent stamp on a letter, and ing home, medical center plus a complete dropped it in the corner mailbox which was have or go backward in terms of the ele­ activity complex to meet the needs of the mentary protection of the average citi­ emptied five or six times every day, six days greater Dundalk area. a week. Three times a day, on the average, zen. Immunity in some form to the worst In summation, Pride in Retirement, Inc. is the mailman would appear at the door with dangers of life is what, in the end, the planned to give to the elderly that fourth incoming mail. It was no ca.use for astonish­ average citizen pays taxes for. priority position so well defined in the ment to receive letters mailed the day before It is the elementary duty of any gov­ Fourth Commandment, namely, "Honor thy in Boston or Washington, each more than ernment to provide such protection. Now father & thy mother". 200 miles away. we are not offering it. When this measure Since then, the cost of a stamp has gone comes before us, I hope this body will act from two, to three, to four, to five, to six, and finally to eight cents, in a.ccelera.ndo­ accordingly. SNAIL SERVICE MAIL SERVICE tempo. But collection and delivery of first­ cla.ss mail, far from accelerating, has been grievously retarded. Mail is picked up from HON. J. J. PICKLE most postboxes only once or twice a day­ PRIDE IN RETffiEMENT OF TEXAS and in many cases, not at all on Saturdays. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Deliveries, in most areas, have dropped from three to one a day. According to a survey Wednesday, September 13, 1972 ma.de by Reader's Digest, the average letter HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, we are all takes five days and seven hours to be deliv­ OF :MARYLAND aware, through daily experience, of a ered; three yea.rs a.go, it was in the recipient's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hands in less than three days. Why, in a deterioration in our Nation's mail serv­ time of stunning and rapid technological Wednesday, September 13, 1972 ice. advances, does it take almost twice as long Postal rates go UP--and service gets Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, to deliver a letter as it did in 1969? slower. One is tempted, in searching for an an­ I want to pay tribute to the members and Post offices are closed right and left-­ swer, mischievously to formulate a princi­ founders of Pride in Retirement, Inc., an and service gets slower. ple synthesizing Gresham's and Parkinson's organization to bring retired people to­ Fancy equipment is installed-and Laws. It might be called the General Theory gether for companionship and construc­ service gets slower. of Diminishing Returns. As bad money tive activities. drives out good, currency is debased, and Old age can be the loneliest time in a Personnel is cut back-and service gets more buys less. person's life because many of his friends slower. And as any given work will tend to absorb No one doubts that the Postal Service somewhat more than the available time, have died, and his family may be too busy has a horrendous task ahead of it in try­ space and manpower, so successive increases to spend much time with him. Pride in ing to revamp our mail service to fit the in resources will result in less and less work Retirement is an answer to the problem modern world. But I think it is time we being done. It's not the way it's supposed to of loneliness. be, but the way, it seems, it happens. At this point, I insert in the RECORD should be making some visible inroads Postal deficits undeniably stem from geo­ an article from the Dundalk Eagle de­ in that direction. metrically increasing costs. To the extent scribing the activities and goals of Pride An editorial in the September 4 edi­ that they are reflected in better wages, hours tion of the Nation magazine sees attitude and working conditions for letter carriers and in Retirement. as the real touchstone. other postal employees, there can be no criti­ The article follows: "The key word, after all," it reads, "is cism. But we do not view labor's gains as the PRIDE IN RETIREMENT OPENING SEASON 'service.' " Much has been said about the chief expense. The fa.ct is that the Postal Pride in Retirement, Inc. announces the need for the U.S. mail to pay its way, Service, in its rules and regulations, its table opening of the 1972 fall season beginning of organization and its business procedures, but there is surely no more need for that remains a 19th-century enterprise. The pro­ next Friday, Sept. 8 at 10:30 a.m. A guest than for the U.S. Army, or a police de­ speaker from the Dunda.lk Community Col­ liferation of highway vehicles and air routes lege wlll expla.ln the new program for senior partment, or school system, to pay its and consequent decline of the railways, the citizens at the college which w1ll be offered way. Such desiderata should be emphati­ rise of direct-mail merchandising and adver­ free of charge. cally put aside in favor of the immediate tising, the explosion of personal credit, the Pride in Retirement has just concluded a need to bring the service to 20th century appearance of giant conglomerate enter­ successful summer recess during which the standards. "It is even possible,'' the edi­ prises, multinational corporations, and other organization was given the privilege of ap­ torial suggests, "that the :financial prob­ factors have placed demands on the system pearing on the Betty Cox program "Better lems would simultaneously yield to that patchwork and improvisation obviously with Age" on WBAL-TV Sunday, Aug. 20, at cannot meet. The horrendous snarls which 6:30 p.m. A display of many of the items progress." began about five yea.rs ago wlll continue to made by the members was shown & a brief Certainly we would stand a better occur, and service will go on deteriorating, outline of the desires & purposes was quoted chance than we do the way things are until the most sophisticated business meth­ as follows: headed now. ods and modern computer technology can be September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30575 put to work. It was the intent of the Congress research, in a recent visit to this country and development to protect an ABM sys­ that this would happen when the corporate did not predict the imminent advent of tem limited to one city. Postal Service was set up more than two yea.rs ago. It is to be sure an enormous task, and controlled thermonuclear energy sources There is no need for an expenditure of Postmaster Elmer Klassen estimates it will initiated by lasers. $10 million for the Submarine Launched take at least another five years to accomplish. It is absolutely misleading and a great Cruise Missile System-abandoned years Such candor is praiseworthy, but can the disservice to the American people to tell ago because of its inferiority to our country afford five more years of deteriorat­ them that if the United States would Polaris/Poseidon System. ing mall service? We feel strongly that the only forgo the development effort on There is no need for an expenditure delay is far too long, and that more immedi­ the breeder reactor, for which plans are of $10 million for expanded command ate-and more Draconian-methods a.re underway to build a demonstration plant, called for. and control capabilities. While the SALT The key word, after all, is "service." Since we would have fusion tomorrow. agreements are specifically aimed at les­ Benjamin Pranklin's day the assumption has Regardless of what some Nobel laure­ sening the danger of nuclear war and in­ been that Americans were entitled to postal ates have said in comparing the develop­ creasing our security, it seems ironic service as good as any in the world, at rea­ ment of controlled fusion to sending a that at the same time we should be sonable cost. Much has been said about the man to the moon, there is no direct spending additional funds to improve our need for the U.S. mall to pay its way, but relationship. There were no mysteries military communications system in case there is surely no more need for that than for the U.S. Army, or a police department or about what size rockets we needed and of nuclear attack. school system, to pay its way. Such desiderata what life support facilities we needed to It is true that the money appropriat­ should be emphatically put aside in favor of send men to the surface of the moon; ed represents just over half of the De­ the immediate need to bring the service to it was just a question of scale. fense Department's request. But it is 20th-century standards. It is even possible clear that once we appropriate money to that the financial problems would simultane­ begin these programs, we will inevitably ously yield to progress. continue to appropriate money for these NAY VOTE ON MILITARY PROCURE­ projects until they are concluded to the MENT BILL THE ROAD TO CONTROLLED satisfaction of the Defense Department. NUCLEAR FUSION Therefore, after closely scrutinizing the defense budget as a member of the HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Armed Services Committee, I can only HON. CRAIG HOSMER OF MASSACHUSETTS conclude that our tax dollars are being OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES squandered by the Pentagon with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acquiescence of a majority in Congress. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 This year, the administration appar­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, to­ ently in cooperation with the pro-Pen­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, time and day I will vote nay on the military pro­ tagon congressional leadership deviated again many distinguished Members of curement bill. I do so for reasons of deep from House procedure by including an the Congress state that if only the conviction about the direction and size authorization for aircraft and equipment Government would spend more money on of our Defense Establishment. to Israel. fusion research, electricity from con­ Three months ago, I offered a series This was a cynical effort to use the trolled thermonuclear sources could be­ of amendments intended to alter this legitimate defense needs of the State of come a reality within a very short time. course, and after they were defeated, Israel as a hostage to coerce anti-war There are those who take the results voted against this bill. Today I find no Congressmen into voting for the bloated from the Seventh International Elec­ changes effected by the conference re­ Pentagon budget. I have consistently tronics Conference, which was held in port that would cause me to change my supported military and economic aid to Montreal during May of this year, and mind. This bill still provides for a mili­ Israel since coming to Congress and I use them to indicate that fusion is tary force far larger than what is re­ will continue to do so as long as I serve. essentially at hand. Scientists from the quired to defend the United States. This In January of this year, I voted for the country which has invested the greatest bill does nothing to halt the extraordi­ Foreign Relations Authorization Act amount of time and hard-to-come-by re­ nary costs of such unnecessary, expen­ which included millions in assistance to sources in this field of fusion-the Soviet sive and wasteful programs as the B-1 Israel. Then last month, I was recorded Union-are not and have not been as manned bomber and the Trident sub­ in favor of the Foreign Assistance Act optimistic as the politicians in the United marine. which also provided funds for Israel. States. This bill still appropriates another In addition, I have sponsored exten­ I would like to call attention to an $2 % billion in aid to the South Viet­ sive legislation to help secure Israel's article in the September 1, 1972, issue of namese military. There is no justifica­ defenses, particularly House Resolution Nature magazine by Soviet academician tion for funding the Vietnamese as if 665 on October 27, 1971, which called for L. Artsimovich, in which he describes the they were a branch of the American shipment of Phantom F-4 aircraft to status of controlled nuclear fusion re­ war effort-particularly since the admin­ Israel. search as he sees it. It should be under­ istration loudly proclaims the de-Amer­ But I cannot allow myself to be bludg­ stood that Professor Artsimovich is rec­ icanization of the war. eoned by this kind of manuever into ap­ ognized throughout the world as one of The SALT agreements mark an im­ proving the Pentagon's wasteful spend­ the leading researchers in the field of portant breakthrough in our foreign re­ ing policies. The administration and the magnetic confinement systems. lations. However, the President's com­ congressional leadership know very well In concluding his article, Artsimovich mendable achievement in Moscow has that an overwhelming majority of Con­ states that while there has been some now been followed by an action which gressmen and Senators are prepared to progress, it has been exceedingly slow in will retard the progress made at the sum­ vote aid to Israel as a separate bill, or as developing controlled fusion. He expects mit conference. part of any relevant noncontroversial that technological feasibilty can be The request by Secretary Laird for legislation. There was no need for them achieved within this decade. However, he more funds to build up certain strategic to attach this provision to the defense feels that it would be a brave man indeed arms systems as a consequence of the bill. They did it simply to aid the Penta­ who would try to describe a thermo­ SALT, is in direct contradiction to the gon, not to aid Israel. nuclear reactor of the future. Not only spirit of the arms limitation agreement. And along with many other supporters must physical principles be proved out, While the conference committee has of Israel who are critical of wasteful but the scientists and engineers involved reduced the $110 million appropriation Pentagon spending, such as Representa­ must proceed on these proved scientific to $60 million, it has failed to come to tives WOLFF, DRINAN, HALPERN, and KOCH, principles and then decide how the re­ grips with the real issue. The United I voted against the measure because I actor might be built which could convert States simply does not need the new will not give in to these kind of tactics. thermonuclear energy to electricity. hardware requested by the Defense De­ It is the administration which is en­ I would like to point out that the Soviet partment. dangering Israel's interests by this kind Union Nobel Laureate, Professor Basov, There is no need for an expenditure of shallow political maneuver and those who won the prize for his work on laser of $40 million for site defense research of us who support Israel.

• 30576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 THEY SOMETIMES FIGHT FIRES and put them onto the wheeled stretchers p .B. Because I have scientific degree, and back away as the nurses swiftly go to Doctor degree. work. I glance at the arms of these young H.K. I see. Tell me have you been receiv- women and, see the marks of innumerable ing any phone calls at all? HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING shots of heroin. Oh God it ls horrible. P.B. No. OF OHIO About twenty years ago I envisioned my H.K. I see. Nobody else has called you? career as one involving death-defying aerial P.B. Not since last time no. 'IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ladder rescues catching jumpers in nets, di­ H.K. I see. Because we understood that Wednesday, September 13, 1972 recting mighty jets of water into infernos and some of the phone calls were not getting such nonsense. The nitty-gritty of the job is through; we were having trouble contacting Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, Joseph far removed from those youthful and naive you. Galvin, a firefighter and chief of Bat­ flights of fancy and I'm just a.s glad. The P.B. Yes, I know. I know it is very d11ficult talion 12 in New York City, recently au­ name of the game now is service, and it takes to receive the call. thored an article in the New York Times many forms. To the aspiring firefighters, I H.K. I see. Is there any other news you which graphically points out the horror say brace yourself. can tell me about wha.t's going on in Riga? P.B. No, I feel that now the greatest prob­ of heroin addiction. lem is about this money; because if earlier Mr. Galvin is a firefighter by profes­ the problem was to receive the visa and now sion; not a newspaper reporter employed it's only about the money what we must pay by the New York Times, nor an expert "EDUCATIONAL FEE" FOR JEWS in the case when they receive the visa. on the drug addiction problem that is REALLY A RANSOM TO FILL H.K. I understand. Are any of the people crippling our Nation. But his story is SOVIET TREASURIES able to leave at all? P.B. Yes, yes. The people that have no worth studying. diploma's and they don't know anything. I have been fortunate to be able for They receive the visa in about 10-27 weeks the past year to hear firsthand testi­ HON. BILL FRENZEL to receive permission to go. For such people mony of the problems of drug addiction OF MINNESOTA that have no diplomas it is not any change as a member of the House Select Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the question. Such people received must pay about $1,000.00 for each man and then mittee on Crime when the committee Wednesday, September 13, 1972 conducted hearings on drug addiction in they can go. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, recently, H.K. But because you have scientific in­ the Nation's schools. formation, is it? I wish to share with my colleagues the the Soviet Government instituted an "educational fee" for Jews who wish to P.B. Yes, I have a Doctor degree, a Doctor experiences recorded by Chief Galvin: emigrate to Israel. This fee is nothing of Science. THEY SOMETIMES FIGHT FmES H.K. In what science? more than a ransom to fill Soviet treas­ P.B. I am a Hydrodynamics, but the most (By Joseph Galvin) uries. It is nearly impossible in the So­ amusing thing is that I'm not active about 2 Fire alarm box 1459 stands sentrylike, im­ viet Union for a person to save the kind years in science. I was ill for a longer time bedded in concrete on the northwest corner of money needed to pay these education­ and about 1 ~ years I receive a little pension, of 123d street and Lexington Avenue in Ea.st al fees. and I'm not working all this time. Harlem. It is neither unique nor impressive. One case of a person not being able to H.K. So that's been for about 2 years? Ostensibly, the pulling of the handle of P.B. Yes, yes. 1459 is to summon us to a fire and/or an leave, because of these fees is that of H.K. I see. I will convey this message to emergency. I've responded to 1459 many Prof. Herman Branover from Riga, Lat­ my friends here, and I want to tell you that times and the jobs have run the gamut; stab­ via, now a province in the Soviet empire. the community here is with you, and we a.re bings, fatal automobile collisions, shootings, Dr. Branover is a world renowned mag­ supporting you; if there's any way that we murders, drug overdoses, brawls, a poisoning, netic hydrodynamics specialist who is at­ can help you, we'll be glad to. stuffed up toilets, massive evacuation of hun­ tempting to emigrate to Israel. On two P.B. Thank you very much to all. I want dreds of subway passengers via the emer­ different occasions, Mr. Herbert A. Kohn to send my best thanks & greetings to all gency exit with the temperature in the cars the people that pay attention to our ques­ at over a hundred degrees, multiple lllegal from the Minnesota Action Committee tion. hydrant usage making the intersection re­ for Soviet Jewry talked with Dr. Bran­ H.K. We want you to know that the com­ semble a lake, false alarms and of course over on the telephone. I submit for the munity here supports your brave efforts, and some fires. RECORD, Mr. Speaker, the transcript of we are your friends and we wish to call you The activities going on at that intersection these phone conversations which are again; what's a good time to call you? on a summer's day are the embodiment of further evidence of the abuses of the P .B. The best time here is in the evening. hum.an degradation. Junkies and winos stand Soviet regime: It means that the difference is about eight zombie-like against the walls of the tene­ hours. It means 1f in New York City it is ments and lean on automobiles. Empty wine CoNVERSATION IN ENGLISH wrm PROFESSOR 2:00 then here it is about midnight. That bottles are strewn everywhere, and an odor BRANOVER AND HERBERT KOHN is the best time for calling. of filth and misery pervades the air. Prosti­ (NoTE.-H.K.-Herbert Kohn and P.B.- H.K. O.K. We wlll try to call you two weeks tutes glance at us, and I notice that some of Professor Branover.) from today between 10 & 12 Moscow time. It them are almost in a trance. A young boy H.K. Professor Branover, can you hear me? was nice talking to you. Shabbot Shalom. playfully kicks through a pile of empty beer P.B. Yes, sir. P.B. Shabbot Shalom-Goodbye. cans at the curb in front of a bodega. Small H.K. My name is Herb Kohn and I'm calling groups of :firefighters walk up and down the from Minneapolis, Minnesota. CONVERSATION WITH HERMAN BRANOVER OF streets to determine the reason for the trans­ P.B. Yes, sir. I understand, I think. RIGA, RUSSIA, AND HERBERT KOHN OF mission of 1459. I get out of the battalion H.K. Do you understand? MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., SEP'l\EMBER 3, 1972. automobile, and as I do, glance into a tene­ P.B. Yes. (NOTE.-H.K.-Herbert Kohn and P.B.- ment doorway on Lexington Avenue. The H.K. Good, how are you? Professor Branover.) forms of two hum.ans are visible on the fioor P.B. News of what I can tell you. You know H.K. Professor Branover? and I go over to see what has happened. now the most terrible thing is that we must P.B. Yes. Lying on the vestibule fioor, unconscious, pay for the visa today with hard money. H.K. Shalom. Herb Kohn from Minneapo­ are two young women. They appear to be in You know about this? lis, Minnesota calling. their twenties, and one is lying partly atop H.K. Yes. P.B. Ah, you called me before two weeks, the other. The one on the bottom has vom­ P.B. Now it is the most terrible thing today. yes? ited, and in addition, her slacks are soaked H.K. How much does it cost? Can you H.K. Yes, What is new in Riga? from her own urine. An occupant comes down hear ree? P.B. What can I say? Each two weeks the stairs, glances at them impassively, (Some telephone interruption.) a.bout twenty f·amilies receive permission for curses and leaves. The battalion car, a sta­ P.B. Now I can hear you again. leaving for Israel, but at the same time there tion wagon, is quickly "setup," the resuscita­ H.K. You say you have to pay for the visa are refusals too. And amongst those people tor is readied and set on inhalate, the fire­ now? that receive the permission there are many fighters don their work gloves and the girls P.B. Yes I have not got the permission 'tll of those that have diplomas and they don't are carried over to the car and swiftly placed now. But 'I shall get it. I don't know 1f I know what to do because they must pay the in the rear. Two oxygen facepieces are posi­ can go to Israel because the money is im­ large monies as the ransom. tioned and we take o1f for the hospital two possible to get such big money. H.K. I understand. Are you free to talk blocks away. At times the wait for an am­ H.K. I see. How much does the visa cost? about it, Professor? bulance in that area can be interminable so P .B. In my case it's almost 35,000 to 33,000 P.B. Yes. we do the job. rubles. It's about $40,000,00. H.K. Have any of them that paid the We carry the girls into the emergency room H.K. Why is it so much? money been able to get out?

• September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30577 p .B. There are already, I think, about ten H.K. My name is Herbert Kohn. My ad- THINKING THINGS OVER or fifteen families that paid this money. dress is 2633 Monterey. The city is Min­ They get it from all the relatives and friends neapolis, Minnesota. 55416. My telephone here and paid, but farther it will be harder, number is 612-922-6392. this question, because there remains noli P.B. I repeat it-612-922-6392, yes? HON. RICHARD BOLLING such people who can pay this money. You H.K. That is correct. Now, are there people OF MISSOURI underst:iand because from the personal there now who have the O.K. on their visa? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES monies it is impossible to pay such large That do not have the money to get out? sums of money, and then the authorities · P.B. Yes. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 here, the local authorities say to these peo- HK. Can you write me their names? Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, Vermont ple that they must turn to their relatives P.B. I cannot do it this moment, I'm not abroad, and ask them to pay to the Holland ready to di:t it; I think I can do it later, then Royster in the column which follows de­ (Dutch) embassy, in Moscow. it will be possible. picts the agony of those who must make H.K. I see, Is it true that they only have H.K. O.K. the most difficult of decisions, those that thirty days to pay? P.B. And perhaps the best thing is if these may mean life or death to the innocent. P .B. Yes, about two or three weeks. people write to you, personally. The column appeared in the Wall Street H.K. And then what happens to their H.K. O.K. That's fine, or else, let them Journal of September 12 and is worth visas? send a telegram. reading. P.B. And then they take back the visas. P.B. A telegram, yes. The article follows: H.K. How do the people there feel about H.K. You understand? it? Do they feel that people outside the P.B. I understand, but a.t the same ad- THl:NKING THl:NGS OVER: AGONY OF DECISION country should furnish the money? dress? (By Vermont Royster) P.B. I'm afraid that there are many peo- H.K. Yes. In Nicholras Monsarrat's story of man a.nd ple that are completely hopeless. They are P.B. Yes, because you understand that the war, "The Cruel Sea," there is a haunting in the listlessness of despair, and they don't struggle is one thing, but for those people scene about the agony of decision where good know what to do. They hope that perhaps that already received the necessary permis­ and evil meet confused and death hangs in American Jewry will help. sion to go out. It is a pidyon sh'vuyim the balance. H.K. I understand. We are trying to do all (Hebrew for redemption of captives) you Perhaps you remember it. A German sub­ that we can. We are having demonstrations, understand? marine has oaughrt a World War II Allied con­ we are having meetings about it, and we are H.K. Yes, I understand. Let me ask you voy, sunk some ships and let'it the sea dotted trying to make arrangements and find a way some questions. You mentioned about your with survivors. The Uttle escort vessel has to help as many people as we can; there are illness before. How are you feeling? made sound contact witih the submarine and many articles in the newspaper about it. P.B. Now it is, thanks to God, a bit better. is moving in to attack the aittacker. P.B. I understand, I see. H.K. What is your illness? But then to his horror the captain of the H.K. can you tell me, has the government P.B. It is a complicated question, because corvette discovers tha.t his attack paith takes published a list of the fees or anything, or do I have several diseases. I got ill during my him through these swimming men, his they just let the people know individually scientific work before several years, and now friends, his compatriots, who think now res­ how much it will be. I am sick almost all the time. And in sum- cue is at hand. For the sub skipper with dia­ P.B. Only individually. It was not published mer I was ill with the nerves which had to do bolical cunning has placed himself just below until now. with my struggle for leaving for Israel. them, so that there is no way for the English H.K. O.K. They are still asking $40,000 H.K. When were you let go of your work? captain to kill the killer without killing from you? · P.B. I don't work, I don't work about a year his own. P.B. Yes, but I have not the permission, and a half. Here then is his agony: If he drops his you understand, I have not got the permis- H.K. Were you let go of your job? depth charges the men in the wart;er, just as sion now. P.B. I was gone from the job before I they aTe cheering in the hope of rescue, will H.K. O.K. If you were to get the permission, handed in the application. Because in an­ be blown to bits. If he does not drop his that means you would only have two weeks to other way it was impossible for me before depth charges, the submarine will go un­ get the money. I handed in the application. scathed to sink again other sh!J.ps and kill P .B. Yes, about two or three weeks and H.K. I understand. One more question. again other men. during these weeks I must pay this ransom; When I called you two weeks ago, it took me Even that choice is not clear-cut. For if he and if not, they take back the permission. three days to get through to your tele­ drops those depth charges it is a certainJty H.K. I see, tell me about your family. How phone. that his countrymen will die. Yet it is not are they? P.B. I know, I know. It is not so much be- certain that, even at this price, he will de­ P.B. Thank you, now they are all right. cause of another people tell me that it takes stroy the submarine. He could miss, and in H.K. I see, you have one or two children. sometimes more. th81t case the struggMng swimmers would P.B. I have one child, a son, eight years H.K. I see, but you were home during those have died in vain. old. three days. Is that correct? The captain, wretched man, makes his H.K. Is there anything that you need? P.B. Yes, yes. choice. He kills his own, those there before Anything that we could send you? H.K. Is it all right with you if we send his eyes, in the hopes that in doing so he P.B. No, thank you. Thank you very much. letters to the government officials and to the has saved others of his countrymen unknown But what can I tell the people that have American officials on your behalf? to him. But that is a hope only; he can never now the permission, that received already the P.B. O.K. I think it may be to help, may­ know whait migbJt have been if he had done permission, and they sit and wait for help, be. But you must underline that I am an ill otherwise. The only certainty is that men they don't know what to do. What can I tell man. That I suffer from several diseases and have died for what he did. them? I am a religious man, and my most, impor- Monsarrat's story is a tale o! war, and one H.K. Tell the people that the people in tant reason why I want to go to Israel is for might say tha.t the evil here is war itself, America, and the rest of the world, are try- religious reasons. It is very important to whioh can kill men's souls as well as their ing to do everything they can, we are asking underline this. bodies. But that only begs the agony. For too the American Government to talk to the H.K. I want you to know that we hope you much of late we are being reminded that it Russian Government. we are asking indi- will have strength to go to Israel. is a parable for our times. viduals, congressmen, to speak up in con- P .B. Thank you and I want to wish you and Consider that blood-bath at the Olympics. gress, to tell everybody about this, to see if all of the American Jewry a very he.ppy new Here were men and women assembled from we cannot get or work out some kind of year, and the best prosperity in the new year all over the world in the name of brother­ agreement. and much thanks for the support, and for hood, white, black, brown, yellow, Jews, P.B. Yes, yes, I hear. the encouragement. gentiles, Aryan and Arab, political friends H.K. Do you understand? H.K. Yes, and to your family and to all of and political foes. It was a place where, for P.B. I understand, but you know that it is the Jews in Riga and in Russia. a brief moment, all the sentimental cliches all very well. But if a man has only two or P.B. Thank you. about the common bonds of humanity were three weeks, he cannot wait so long if he has H.K. And we want you to know that we very nea.rly true. the permission. are doing everything we can to help you. Then a handful of men burst the bonds. H.K. How will we know if somebody has P .B. Thank you. In sheer cold blood they killed at once two gotten the permission? H.K. I will say shalom. men against whom they had no grievance P.B. Perhaps you can give me your ad- P.B. Shalom, and will you call me another save that they came from a. different country. dress and telephone number. I can tell these time? They bound and blindfolded others, demand­ people and perhaps they can turn to you. H.K. Yes, I will call you again in one ing the right to take them away to a. fate no H.K. O.K. I wlll give you my telephone month. Four weeks. one knew what, proclaiming that if they number, my name and address. Do you ha.ve P .B. Yes. were denied they would kill all the hostages. a pencil handy? H.K. I wlll do that. Shalom. And there, once more, was the agony for P .B. Yes, yes. P .B. Shalom. good men. Those who had to decide could CXVIII--1926-Part 23 30578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 have let the assassins go, taking their hos­ HAWAII'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE He also holds the dubious distinction of tages with them and leaving behind the in­ NINTH CCA; JUDGE HERBERT Y. C. traveling 5,000 miles round-trip in order to nocent dead. Had they done so, no one knows CHOY get to his job in San Francisco from his home what would have happened. Perhaps the oth­ in Honolulu. This is farther than any other ers would not have died; perhaps they would judge in the United States has to go. have anyway in some far distant pl~e. HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA The Ninth Circuit Judges usually meet On the other hand, one certainty would once a month for five days of hearings. Since have been that two murders would have OF HAWAll being appointed by President Nixon in May gone unanswered for, and the men who did IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1971, Choy has made 14 trips to San Fran­ them would be free to do them again. The Wednesday, September 13, 1972 cisco for a total logging of 70,000 miles. certainty would have been also that other Choy, 56, of Korean descent, said he does murderers of like mind would be embold­ Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, for not mind the extensive airplane travel. ened, at what cost in the future to other many years before gaining statehood. "I kind of like the five-hour fiights; it gives innocents no one can know. Hawaii was the destination of what was me time to relax and study my briefs," said Those who had to decide decided other­ then frequently called, not in the uncom­ Choy. wise. They chose to meet force with force, plimentary sense,· "mainland talent." In his 15 months on the bench, Choy, who hoping with all their heart.s to save the inno­ also is the first person ever appointed to the cent but determined at least that evil should These were men and women, generally Ninth Circuit from Hawaii, said he has been not pass unchallenged or unscathed. specialists in certain fields of endeavor, leading an ever-increasingly busy life. The certainty from this is that some sev­ who were sent to the Territory of Hawaii "The court holds hearings with any three enteen men have died and others lie wound­ on assignments. Since becoming the 50th of the 13 judges," Choy said. "This means ed, the innocent with the rest. If we a.re State of the Union, however, Hawaii, to we could actually meet simultaneously In to measure the good and evil of our deeds the great credit of her citizens, has re­ four different locations to hear an appeal. solely by the innocent dead, without any versed the ft.ow of talent. Many Hawaii The entire 13 judges would only sit together regard for the evil that went before and citizens now serve in important positions on a case of tremendous importance. forced the agonizing choice upon good men, "We have a case load of about 2,000 cases then the decision was wrong. not only in the continental United a year-for all the judges. I've heard about But the world allows us no such simple States, but also throughout the entire 300 cases so far myself and have written the measure. It ls no longer fashionable to speak world. opinions in about 100 cases. On three oc­ of the struggle of good and evll, as theolo­ A recent outstanding example of such casions, I've written a dissenting opinion." gia.n.s were wont to do. Yet the pracrticalities talent ft.ow reversal, from Hawaii to the Choy said he usually hears appeals cases of the world confront us with it, whatever mainland, was the appointment of prom­ about two or three days a week in Los An­ name we put upon it. We cannot escape th~ inent Honolulu Attorney Herbert Y. C. geles, with the remaining days in San Fran­ question, When some men burst forth in vi<> · cisco. He does not own or rent a house or lence, what are good men to do about it? Choy to the Ninth Circuit Court of Ap­ apartment in San Francisco, but lives in a On a small scale it confronts us dailJ. peals in San Francisco. Mr. Choy, who hotel while the court is in session. Some men rob a roadside store, shotgun an began his working life, quite significantly, "Our case load is building up because of old man behind the counter, grab two cus­ in one of Hawaii's pineapple canneries, the decisions allowing indigents to get free tomers as hostages. Or they shoot up a court­ sits as one of 13 judges in a court just attorneys and free transcripts to carry their room and kidnap a judge. Or they throw below the level of the U.S. Supreme cases on appeal,'' Choy said. bombs in the street and barricade themselves Court. As the first Hawaii laWYer to be "The court reporters are unable to keep in a rooming-house. What response can good appointed to the Ninth Circuit Court, he up with all the transcripts being demand­ men make when innocents are the pawns of also holds the highest Federal judicial ed and the work is piling up." fortune? Choy said he spends his time in Honolulu It is easy to buy peace from men of vio­ post for any person of Asian descent. studying briefs and working on opinions. lence. The hijacker will not blow up your The son of immigrants from Korea, 'The time we spend actually hearing cases airplane if you give him what he wants. The Judge Choy epitomizes the child-rearing in court is the least part of our work,'' Choy pursued gunman will promise to shoot no philosophy of many parents of Asian said. "Most of our time is spent in research more if you let him walk away in safety. origin: Hard work and a good education. and studying." Hitler would have given us peace in our time I first became acquainted with Judge Choy said he has been extremely well re­ if only the world had yielded what he asked; Choy at the University of Hawaii, where ceived by his fellow judges, but thinks it indeed a British prime minister just that may still be a long time before a person of we belonged to the varsity debate team. Oriental ancestry makes it to the U.S. Su­ way bought it for a time-and at Munich. He and I went on to Harvard Law School, So what happened last week in Munich is preme Court. a parable of wide dimensions. It ls perfectly where we earned our law degrees but at "You have to remember that most of the true, as so many are saying, that we can now different times. Both in school and later Japanese, Chinese, and Korean lawyers and easily have peace in Vietnam and stop the in the practice of law, Judge Choy earned judges we have today are all first genera­ slaughter of the Innocents. Indeed, we could the respect and esteem of those who tion," Choy said. "I think it is strictly a. have had peace at any time these many knew him. Indeed, today he is a fine ex­ mathematical thing. You can't expect a U.S. Supreme Court justice out of a first gen­ years; the men of Hanoi have offered it time ample of "Island talent," Hawaii's con­ eration crop of lawyers." and time again. The people of South Viet­ tribution to the Federal judiciary. nam need only to stop resisting, and we to Choy was born in the sugar plantation Mr. Speaker, in order to bring the town of Makaweli, Kauai. His parents were stop helping them. story of Judge Choy in greater depth to both born in southern Korea and came to There could be peace too In the Middle my colleagues and to others, I submit for Hawaii as immigrant children. East if only the Israelis would not meet force inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD He graduated from the University of with force. Not only would there be no more Ha.wail in 1938 and got his law degree from war, there would be no more innocent Jews Drew McKillips' Honolulu Advertiser story entitled "Day in the Life of a Harvard in 1941. He enlisted in the Army on blown up in school buses nor innocent Arabs Dec. 8, 1941. As a member of the ROTC, he killed in counter-raids. There would be no Judge." ent ered t h e Army as a lieuten ant and left as spur to fanatics to murder at an Olympic The article fallows: a. captain, having served in both Korea. and village. DAY IN THE LIFE OF A J UDGE Japan. He is tri-lingual. He speaks Korean, But always the question is, What of the (By Drew McKillips) J apanese, and English. price? Would it have been better to let Hitler After Army service, Choy went int o pri­ have his Europe, better to let Hanoi have its SAN FRANCISCO.-In 1930, when Herbert vate practice with a firm t hat included conquest, to let Israel vanish, to let the gun­ Young Cho Choy was only 14, he worked 10 Hiram Fong and Kat su ro Miho. Fong is now men of Munich have their peaceful exit, hours a day in a pineapple processing plant a U.S. sen ator from Hawaii and Miho is hostages and all? Should good men have paid in Honolulu. He was paid 12¥2 cents an hour still in privat e practice, alt hough serving as it, and ransomed the innocent dead at Cov­ and, as he recalled yesterday, "I was mighty a. part-time federal judge on Wake Island. entry, at Jerusalem, or in those paddy fields? glad to get it. There were people waiting in Choy was in private pract ice from 1946 It has been a long time since I read "The line behind me." until 1957. He spent 1957 and 1958 as attor­ Cruel Sea" and I still do not know how to Today, the slim, 56-year-old, silver-gray ney general for the Territory of Hawaii, re­ judge that captain's decision. Nor can I judge ha.ired Choy sits in a graceful, tastefully turning to private practice until he was decorated office in San Francisco that comes n amed to the Ninth Circuit last year. now that decision in the night at Fuersten­ complete with a fireplace and study. He earns feldbruck airport. Choy is married t o t h e former Helen $42,500 a year as one of the 13 judges of Shular, whom he met during the war while All I am sure of is that so long as there are the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. attending the School of Military Govern­ evil men who will demand such ransom of Choy has the distinction of holding the ment in Charlottesville, Va. good men then there is no escaping the highest judicial post in American history An avid surfer for 40 years, Choy gave the agony of choosing. for any person of Oriental descent. sport up a few years ago when he was seri- September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS -OF REMARKS 30579 ously injured in a surfing accident off ica, headquartered in the District of over a four-year span. When modernized, t his; reworked, " A3" version will not be the bes.t. Waikiki. Columbia. "I've ta.ken up tennis now," Choy said. "I I would like to join his many friends tank on the European battlefield by any might get tennis elbow but I won't drown." stretch of the imagination. in wishing him well as he enters the With all this, we continue to pour money­ civilian world and congratulate him for down the hole represented by the M60AZ his years of dedicated service to his fel­ missile-firing tank. When that exercise is low servicemen. finished, we will field what is called a product: FIRST OPTOMETRIST CHIEF OF improvement, some 540 tanks costing $450,- CORPS RETIRES 000 each which the Army at this very moment. WE NEED A NEW TANK is trying to decide how to both employ and maintain. In 1966 as assistant chief of staff HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT for force development, I recommended that we cut our losses and drop this particular OF CALIFORNIA HON. JOHN J. FLYNT, JR. OF GEORGIA product but was overruled because t he sunk IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES costs were too high and, besides, the prob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, September 13, 1972 lems could be "fixed." We are still fixing Wednesday, September 13, 1972 them and the sunk costs have doubled. Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, this The la.test act in this tragedy of errors oc­ month the first optometry officer in the Mr. FLYNT. Mr. Speaker, the June curred in December, 1971, when the joint Armed Forces to reach the position of issue of Army magazine featured a highly Senate-House commit tee killed the main chief of a corps, retires after over 30 intelligent article entitled "We Need a battle tank program (MBT 70) , despit e a years of service to his country. Col. Floyd New Tank' by Gen. James A. Polk, U.S. rather half-hearted reclama by t h e Army Army, retired. General Polk discusses the staff an d the expenditure of about $400 mil­ M. Morris, chief, Biomedical Sciences lion in research and development. Th e joint Corps, U.S. Air Force, as he retires, leaves current concentration on defensive sys­ & committee's recommendat ion, as approved in a number of firsts behind him. tems in our R. D. effort at the expense the Appropriation Act for 1972, allocated· $20 He was the first doctor of optometry to of the infantry-armor team with its million to terminate the program and another receive a commission in the U.S. Air asociated combat vehicles and weapons. $20 million to begin all over again. Force as an optometry officer. Sixteen Basing his discussion on the principle of So died the greatest tank ever built--the years later, he was the first to fill the po­ mobile defense, General Polk points out one that met and exceeded Robert McNa­ a very real need for a new tank design mara's directive to push the st ate of the art sition of associate chief for optometry in every feature of performance. in the Biomedical Sciences Corps. He was and outlines its basic requirements. The implications of this article deserve Why did the project fail and why was the the first optometry officer to reach the program terminated? First and foremost, it rank of full colonel. He was the first our careful attention: appears to have been a mat ter of per copy optometry officer to be named deputy WE NEED A NEW TANK cost and some curious associated logic. While chief of a corps. As every military man knows, some of the we are quite willing to pay staggering sums In February 1970, Colonel Morris re­ most momentous struggles in which his pro­ for aircraft or missiles or nuclear weapons t <> fession engages are not necessarily confined support the infantry-armor close-combat ceived his next "first" when he was ap­ to the battlefield. These are the tussles over bat talions, we are unwilling to arm them with pointed as the chief of the Biomedical a new weapon' system or concept--bloodless the very best close-combat equipment, de­ Sciences Corps, which is composed of in a liberal sense, but whose outcome is so spite the cost. In the new fiscal 1973 DOD optometrists, pharmacists, physical ther­ vital that it can spell the difference between budget request, the Army has asked for $48.9· apists, occupational therapists, clinical success and failure when troops take to the million to buy 166 M60Al tanks (about. psychologists, health physicists, aero­ field. $300,000 each). Also requested is $104.8 mil­ space physiologists, and other allied Such an issue is the current debate over lion to retrofit the M60A2 tanks so they can health professionals. the future of the tank in the U.S. Army, a at last enter service, making the total pro.­ future which 1s becoming increasingly cloudy curement budget for t anks about $154 mil­ In 1942, Colonel Morris enlisted in the as exponents seek to move its development lion. At the same time, the budget for Arrn.y· then Army Air Corps and, a year later, forward against such criticism as that it is missile procurement is $1.33 billion. was commissioned, receiving his navi­ too expensive to be cost-effective or that it However, here is another interesting figure:· gator's wings. represents an outdated system that cannot The total procurement bill for m111tary air-· Graduating from Northern Illinois live on r. modern battlefield. craft (Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines) College of Optometry, he. was assigned as And yet, no nation, corporation or research in the FY 73 budget ls about $5,4-00 billion. . chief of Optometry Services at Wright­ and development agency has ever invented Or put another way, we are requesting S& Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. Dur­ a suitable substitute for the tank. In pro­ times as much money to spend on aircraft viding mobile, armor-protected firepower 1Il as we are on tanks, and most of these all'­ ing his 10-years as chief of the Physical­ any kind of weather, day or night, under any craft are scheduled for employment by gen.­ Physiological Optics Section in the intensity of battlefield conditions, no other era! purpose forces, to be used in support of· Ophthalmology Department of the Air weapon system is its equal in all character­ the ground-force battle. Apparently, in. Force School of Aerospace Medicine at istics. building the deterrent and war-fighting arm­ Brooks Air Force Base, Tex., he earned Moreover, unless we build a new tank to ed forces for the mid-1970s, we believe that his M.S. degree in physiological optics at replace the tired, old secon'd-rate M60 series aircraft are much more important than tanks Indiana University. In 1967, he was there is no doubt that we will be in an on the outworn theory that if we win the inferior position among the world's armored air war, the enemy will surely capitulate. One awarded the honorary degree of doctor forces. Today, both the West German Leopard more statistic: the Army ls spending 13-times of ocular science from Southern College and the British Chieftain tanks exceed our as much money on missiles as it ls on tanks. of Optometry and in 1971, gave the con­ M60Al in both gunnery an d mobility; more­ One can only conclude tha.t the close-combat vocation address at Illinois College of over, the U.S. tank presents the highest fOrces a.re relatively not very important in Optometry when he was awarded the target silhouette on the modern battlefield. the overall equation. honorary degree of doctor of science in It is clear that the lessons of h istory are Another way to view the money and em­ optometry. going unheeded as we drift into a run ner-up phasis devoted to the new main battle tank Before being assigned to the Capital, spot in the quality of our armor. In World and associated direct combat systems is to War II, the German Panther and Tiger were look at the 1973 Army R&D budget request. he was chief of the Optometry Service far bet ter than our Sherman in both hitting First, Army Materiel Command wtll con­ at U.S. Air Force Hospital in Wiesbaden, power and armor protection, and we paid for tinue to develop those major tank com­ Germany, and consultant to the Sur­ this inferiority with much American blood. ponents from the XMSOS (formerly the MBT geon of the U.S. Air Force in Europe. When the Korean War broke out, the closest 70) project that appear to be likely candl­ Colonel Morris has been active in his U.S. tanks were in Hawaii and, to our shame, da.tes for consideration in the new program, national professional organizations, The the first battalion of (nfantry troops to make and requests $19.7 milllon for the task. Armed Forces Optometric Society and a. stand in Korea was overrun by the old Moreover, all ~jor research and develop­ the American Optometric Association. Russian T34. ment that can be considered close-combat­ The new Leopard II now in production will oriented are requested as follows: He served on national committees on far exceed our M60Al, most of which have Million military affairs and visual problems in been returned to the U.S. Army tank plant at 'Bushmaster automatic cannon______$5. 6 aeronautics and space. Mainz, Germany, for their second or third Prototype infantry combat vehicle___ 10. 8 Armored SCtOUt vehicle------15.6 Colonel Morris lives with his wife and rebuild. In a. belated effort to correct this New tank components ______19.7 children in Potomac, Md., and on retire­ situation, the Army now ls engaged in a pro­ ment, will join the professional staff of gram to "modernl.Ze" the M60Al fleet in the Group Health Association of Amer- Europe on the third or fourth rebuild cycle Total ------51.7 30580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 131 1972 The total Army R&D request ls $2,069.7 The innovation of spaced amor, intelligent observation and long-range fields of fire. The million, of which about 2.5 percent 18 de­ fuel storage with self-sealing tanks, bulk­ 5YStem has a high firepower score, !or it is voted to the three combat vehicles as noted heads and fire doors as well as 1'1owout vents extremely effeotive against moving and sta­ e.bove. In contrast, the Army is requesting for ammunition stowage areas were all In­ tionary tanks, even under marginal visib!lity $132.6 m.lllion, or 6.4 percent, to develop three corporated-of course, at some considerable oonditions. Since the missiles are so expensive helicopter types that wlll be used in support cost. This made the XM803 the safest tb.nk in and a.re issued to crews only in lim.lrted num­ ·of the three new fighting vehicles. These the Allied inventory as well as the most difii­ bers, these must be husbanded and used gen­ .second-generation helicopters (attack, utllity cult to hit or kill. erally against tank targets only; that is, as a and heavy-lift) a.re to replace first-generation By contrast, when considering cost effec­ single-purpose weapon system. Moreover, the helios that were produced well after the older tiveness it is almost axiomatic tha.t the most system's vUlnerablliity score is poor, for the generation of ground combat vehicles entered vulnerable, most oostly and least survivable weapon has a strong signature and both crew 'the inventory but by the testimony of the system on the modern battlefield today is and weapon can be destroyed readily by any -chief of R&D, highest priority is nonethe­ the fighter-bomber. Considering the tremen­ battlefield weapon that engages it. Finally, less to be given to air mobility in the 1973 dous quantity and sophistication of Soviet the system is mobile in ·the sense thait it ca.n program. air defenses, there is real doubt that our be readily lifted by helicopter, truck or jeep. Continuing on oost, one is struck by the most modern fighter can accomplish the However, it is difficult to man-carry and slow attitude of our defense legislators and their close-support mission in the traditional to set up !for action and, of course, has nb reasoning that a competition between two sense. To survive, it appears that the fighter combat potellitial while in motion. Its value new tank prototypes will bring costs of the must come in very low and very fast with in an aittack is virtually zero exceprt in a final product down and "get us out of the poor target identification or it must attack very lim.lted suppol'lting and overwatching doldrums" in the tank program. Surely they in a. standoff or fire-and-forget mode. To role. However, and most important, it gives have set back the program from six to eight quote John Foster, director of defense re­ the illlfantry baJttallon a strong defense years and the new R&D costs will undoubted­ search and engineering, the Air Force in against enemy tank attacks and thus corrects ly exceed the requirements of the old devel­ the FY73 R&D budget is "spending large a serious weakness of many years' standing. opment program by from $100 mlllion to $200 amounts of money to detect, identify, locate, Of the new weapon systems, the attack million. Any chance we may have enjoyed confuse, deceive, suppress and destroy enemy helicopter is another that has aroused great to build a modern, first-class tank for about ground-based air-defense systems." It ap­ interest and considerable controversy. And $600,000 is gone, what with infiation and the pears that we will soon be in a position where again, this system has a very high firepower cost of technological advance, unless we are the single fire-and-forget missile will cost score with its cannon, rockets and antitank willing to settle for another "catch-up" prod­ more than the tank it destroys, or it will take missiles all capable of destroying almost any­ uct. With a totally new requirements docu­ five confusing and suppressing aircraft to thing in the battle arena; and unlike the ment due in the Penta~on by August, the support the one in the close-support sortie. TOW it has a multipurpose weapon capa­ whole dreary process begins anew, meaning The limited utility, low survivability and bility. It is also highly mobile and agile and that our armor-infantry team will continue high cost of aircraft in this role brings into can fiy in weather that grounds fixed-wing to be second-best well into the late 1970s. question its value in terms of other alterna­ craft. These valuable characteristics are off­ A realy vitriolic and detailed attack on the tives. set by extreme vulnerability to automatic Army's armor program is included in "An But to return to survivability, the tank is weapons as well as to the regular antiair­ Evaluation of the Austere MBT70/XM803 and often cast in the role of moving down a road craft and Redeye type of weapons as demon­ an Analysis of the Overall Armored Vehicle or crossing a.n open space where it stumbles strated in Vietnam. Thus, vulnerab111ty de­ Program," a report by the Surveys and In­ onto an antitank crew in runbush and is termines the tactics and technique of em­ vestiga.tions Staff of the House Committee on destroyed. While there may be some doubt ployment, and the attack helicopter attains Appropriations. It is published as an ap­ as to the winner in this encounter, there maximum utility in a war of movement when pendix to Part 5 of the DOD procurement is no doubt as to what would happen if the employed in an ambush type of action. Em­ hearings for 1972 and is a classic in incorrect roles were reversed and the TOW crew, how­ ploying speed, mobility, surprise and an im­ data and poor logic, although it does give a ever mounted, stumbled onto the tank. pressive array of weapons, it can harass, delay clear insight into why Congress killed the However, engagements are not fought as and infiict casualties among advancing en­ new tank. duels but rather as all-arms attacks, wherein emy columns and armor thrusts while sup­ The report emphasizes the engine and the TOW and Dragon antitank crews, in the porting the ground counterattack with :fire­ transmission development controversy and open or in foxholes, must faoe and survive power. The parallel is somewhat like the the problem of excessive costs. With regard an artillery preparaition, followed by the di­ Minutemen at Lexington-but recall that the to the first, curiously enough, the Army had rect and area fires of tank cannon and coaxial British never repeated that error. Since the elected to continue development and test of machine guns and finally the assaulting in­ system cannot attack or defend in the true the Tledyne engine and Allison transmission fantry while they in turn are enga.ging en­ sense of constant domination of the enemy instead of the German Bentz and Renk com­ emy tanks. And since these new AT weapons and his position, it must be cast as a sup­ bination. The latter choice seemed not only have a considerable firing signature [features porting system similar to tactical aircraft. In technically correct but wise in view of cur­ of a weapon's :fire--for exam.pie, muzzle this supporting role, it adds new dimensions rent gold flow and budget problems; yet the flash-that make lit vulnerable to detection and possibilities to the commander and as­ report is most critical of this "buy Ameri­ by the enemy] and tanks attack generally in sists the infantry-armor team in a new and can" approach. The report quotes some un­ platoons or companies, any brave and un­ exciting dimension. Unfortunately, by itself identified experts who are obviously enemies protected AT crew can be sure that upon it does not win battles. of the program and are careless with thelr scoring a hit on the first tank, the remaining In this vein, somehow in the past decade facts. At the same time, the report ignores tanks will be hunting that crew like the we have gone in very heavily for defensive the unbiased opinions of some very eminent hounds of hell. To destroy a tank requires a systems in our R&D effort, in tune with the civilian scientists who checked the program well-trained crew with a special-purpose inherent defensive nature of our alliances in detail as late as the summer of 1971. The weapon at the right place and at the right but not actually in tune with the philosophy opinion of these outside scientists was that time, and even then the outcome is in some of flexible response. Thus mines, sensors, ra­ the three items originally considered a tech­ doubt and the ultimate survival of the AT dars, antitank weapons and barriers get nical risk (power pack, caseless ammunition crew is highly questionable. much attention while the infantry-armor and automatic loader) had been resolved In order to understand the relationship of team with its associated combat vehicles and and that what was now required was no the various battlefield weapon systems and weapons has been neglected. Despite this longer a risk but rather an integration-and­ their conitribution to the overall combat re­ trend, any good defense-as countless his­ test program. sults, one must understand both their limita­ torical examples have demonstrated--cannot Moving on to the question of survivability, tions as well as their ideal utility. Purt another be structured as a linear and rigid occupa­ a tank's quotient or score in this area is made way, under certain conditions of terrain, tion of key terrain or position. Rather than up of a complex mix of mob111ty, silhouette, weather and situation, a particular system to stand and die in place, the modem defense slope and quality of armor along with in­ becomes dominant while a major change in must consist of a light security force, a rea­ terior arrangement and stowage. For in­ these conditions may cause the same system sonably held defended area (not a static po­ stance, the T54/55 se:-ies is smaller and lower to almost become a passive observer. To illus­ sition area) and a sizable counterattack force than the M60 and about the came in mobil­ trate, in the battle of El Alamein (1942), the ready to intervene at the point of enemy ity, but is extremely vulnerable because these infantry and comba.t engineers spearheaded main effort. This principle, called the mobile Soviet models carry fuel in exterior con­ the aittack and were critical to breaching the defense and the very foundation of NATO's tainers and both fuel and ammo are stowed minefields; yet once the British attackers mission, is so basic as to seem ridiculous to together inside the hull. For this reason, a were clear of these defensive barriers, the restate, yet it needs reiteration and much penetrating hit on the right side of the tank forces were dominant and settled the more emphasis. The forward defensive strat­ frontal plate (beside the driver) is a gu9,r­ issue. Obviously, each was essential to the egy needs the counterattacking tank-infantry anteed catastrophic klll. success of the other at some phase of the op­ team to make it work, to blunt main efforts, From lessons of the Arab-Israeli Six-Day eration. to hit the flanks of breakthroughs and to War, considerable thought and careful de­ In examining the TOW and Dragon anrti­ clean up the spillovers around our strong sign were devoted tJ'reducing vulnerab111ties tank system and its contribution, one must points. If our defense is to succeed, we must in the XM803 so that in mobllity and sil­ a.gree tha.t 1rti obtains maximum utility in the maintain an impressive capacity to carry houette it was far a.head of its competitors. defense when carefully emplaced, wirth good combat power to our adversary, to counter- September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30581 attack and to drive him and dominate him track at 800 yards. The skill required is some­ at a. geometric rate as comparable attrition' and destroy him. To do otherwise is to fall. what like that of a. trap or skeet shooter and widens the disparity between the forces. Sec­ At least one historian maintains that it was requires superb hand and eye coordination ondly, and probably more important, the lack not corruption and dissipation that led to with sufficient practice to judge the lead from of an automatic loader will significantly re­ the fall of the Roman empire; rather, it was almost any angle of observation. By compari­ duce the abllity to fire on the move and w11l that the Roman army forgot how to coun­ son, the skill required to hit with a missile is require a return to the burst-on-target or the­ terattack. child's play. short-ha.lt technique, discussed earlier. It A brief comparison of the Soviet T62 with The Soviets reaUze full well that their gun­ simply is not possible for a strapped-in crew­ our M60Al may help shed some addttion.al ammunition-fire control combination is in­ man in a highly mobile and lurching vehicle­ light on future requirements. First, the T62 ferior to most Allied tanks out beyond 1,000 to be efficient in selecting the proper type ot 1s considered the best ba.llistica.lly shaped and 1,200 meters, primarily because their round and to load it, even when the round 1s modern tank and is exceeded in mobility tanks a.re not equipped with a range finder within reach. Moreover, it should be clear at only by the German Leopard. With an over­ and the gunner must estimate the range to this point that the counterattacking tank, in all height of only 2.3 meters, the T62 is al­ the target. On the other hand, a.t 1,000 yards order to fire accurately and quickly while ad­ most one meter lower than the silhouette of or closer the Soviet gunner can employ the vancing toward the enemy threat, requires a the M60Al at 3.26 meters. Whtle it 1s light­ simple telescope for direct laying and does high order of agllity, improved suspension, er, faster and lower than the U.S. combat not need to range as the trajectory drop of advanced stabilization and an automatic tank and hence hard to hit, it 1s prob&bly the projectile at that distance is not suffi­ loader. more fire-prone and more vulnerable to cient to cause a miss. Because of this, in both Although quite costly, we simply cannot ca.ta.strophic kills because of exterior fuel doctrine and in actual practice, to be certain afford to economize on the recently developed tanks, inferior armorplate and a magnesium of hitting they attempt to rush the objective night viewing and sighting optics, as these a.Uoy engine housing. and close the range as rapidly as possible. give us a very real and important advantage The T62 mounts a 115-mm smooth-bore They are willing to pay the price in this over our potential a.dversa.rles thBlt they can gun that fires fin-sta.bilized hollow charge somewhat desperate tactic, just as they did hardly afford to match. as well as APDS (armor-piercing, discarding during World War II in the human sea at­ These new developments give the tank sabot) rounds, the latter at more than 5,000 tack. Thus, a decision to give up on an abllity commander excellent passive night vision feet a second. The gun is considered a very to kill moving tanks at extended ranges is a and the gunner a laser illuminator sight for good performer out to a.bout 1,500 meters, serious one, demanding careful study of the precision shooting. Not only a.re these refined but at longer ranges develops sevm-e inac­ trade-offs involved. devices a considerable improvement over the curacies. It has a stabtllzer but no range Next, the new prototype tank can forgo current infra.red and white searchlight sys­ finder, carries the T55 tank's infra.red nlght­ the hydromatic variable suspension system tem; they lack the searchlight's vulnerability fighting equipment and mounts the stand­ and adopt a tube-over-bar substitute, a to detection and destruction. Interestingly ard coaxial ma.chine gun. In the assault, rather modest product improvement over the enough, the Israeli forces have given up on Soviet platoons of three tanks each norma.1.­ current torsion bar method. the searchlight due to what they call its in­ ly employ the short-halt technique and at In such a pure mechanical system, the stant battlefield mortality. extended ranges will fire by platoon a.t a. variable silhouette is lost but, more impor­ Finally, it is indeed regrettable that the single target. tant, far greater demands are placed on a six second-generation XM803 prototypes were The M60Al, with an excellent gun, am­ gun stabilization system than did the more never built after the expenditure of so much munition, range finger and fire-control com­ responsive hydromatic system. Obviously, the R&D money. Any new or different features bination is unquestionably superior to the better the suspension sysitem and the that may be incorporated or developed in T62 in engagements a.t more than a.bout 1,200 smoother the ride over varied terrain at the new tank cannot be measured against meters range. At shorter distances, the sys­ speed, the less demanding is the performance the XM803 except in the abstract. tems a.re a.bout even and the first tank to required of the gun stabilizer. At some point We will never know the relative merits of fire is prob&bly the first to hit and win. The in a degraded performance, the a.bllity to fire the two systems. However, we do know that U.S. infrared and white-Ught equipment is the main gun accurately on the move is lost we have lost six to eight years; we will in­ generally simllar to Soviet equipment and and the gunner is forced to adopt the "short crease R&D costs by $100 million to $200 mil­ suffers from the same limitations so that halt" method. lion; and we may hope to produce a tank there appears to be no net advantage be­ The short halt has been used for some that w1l1 be clearly superior to the projected tween the two in night fighting. years as an accepted technique by the War­ Soviet tank of the late 1970s. That it will be In general, one can conclude that the saw Pact nations as well as by British tank­ cheaper than the XM803 is indeed doubtful; American M60Al tank has a. distinct advan­ ers, and will be used by the Germans with that it will be the best tank on the battle­ tage in clear weather at extended ranges, their Leopard II. The Soviets teach that their field is by no means clear. But it must be. partLcularly in defense or ambush situa­ rather gross order stabilizer permits the I, for one, believe that the U.S. tanker de­ tions, but that the T62 ls better in the at­ gunner to identify the target and to aim and serves the best: a tank that can dominate the tack or counterstroke role. In sum, it ap­ hold the tank common in rather close align­ battlefield in the years ahead. Thus, it should pears that in any large present-day tank­ ment to it, thus enhancing survivability by have the expensive built-in survivabllity of versus-ta.nk battle, the U.S. tankers must maintaining motion. At the short halt, the the );(M803, an impressive ability to fire and cut the Soviets down to near equivalent gunner then refines his aim to a precise gun hit on the move and be able to kill moving numbers at long range and early in the en­ lay, fires, and the tank automaitically moves targets out to extended ranges. gagement if they hope to win. out again-all in less than 15 seconds. Unlike Furthermore, it requires the la.test and The real gut question now is to determine our accepted technique, he does not wait ~ best and admittedly expensive night viewing what direction the Army should take in determine his success in order to fire an ad­ and sighting devices to give it the required drawing up the new requirements document justed second round but goes through the 24-hour combat day. All these characteris­ and in building the subsequent prototypes. short halt procedure again, as often as re­ tics a.re attainable without technical risk, so Presumably to satisfy Congress, the tank quired for a sure hit. In addition, the sta­ if the price in maintainab111ty and sophisti­ must be fairly cheap. should a.void complexity bilizer refines the accuracy of fire of the co­ cation is high, we should be prepared to pay and excessive sophistication and yet handle axial machine gun in the final phases of an it. If the price in dollars ls high, we can the Soviet threat in all its aspects-a very assault. Obviously, a sita.bilizer with this kind forgo or delay some other expensive system large order indeed. There is also an implied of general accuracy is cheap, fairly simple used in the supporting role. To do otherwise Congressional requirement that the new pro­ and reliable and will be installed in the re­ is false economy at its worst. totype be significantly different from the built M60Al series, giving our old workhorse rejected XM803. Unfortunately, in none of tank a capability at least equal to that of its deliberations did Congress say what sort the T54/ 55. of performance is desired in the new tank, Another way to simplify the design and POSTAL SERVICE KEEPS RATES yet this is surely the overriding determinant save money is to eliminate the automatic DOWN of the final product. loader and go back to the four-man crew, First, if we a.re forced to cut cc>sts and re­ with one crewman manually loading, prob­ duce performance, the new tank can forego ably with some kind of mechanical help. Un­ the missile and rely primarily on a. high­ fortunately, this solution requires a whole HON. ROBERT B. (BOB) MATHIAS velocity kinetic energy (KE) round as its new tank design which is probably the case OF CALIFORNIA primary tank-killer. Since the cross-over in any event. However, the automatic loader IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES point of effectiveness between the KE round gives the combat tank two important attri­ and the missile against moving targets in the but es by insuring both a faster rate of fire Wednesday, Septernber 13, 1972 XM803 system was somewhere between 1,500 and the ability to load and fire on the move. Mr. MATHIAS of California. Mr. and 2,000 meters, this decision means that we The former is important in short-range en­ Speaker, our Postal Service has seldom will not be able to hit moving targets beyond gagements where it is fairly easy to hit and this point except by chance. To illustrate, speed of engagement becomes the critical been credited with anything new. It was, with our current M60Al system and despite factor. Put another way, when one side is therefore, surprising to hear that Post­ much intensive practice and training, the outnumbered and to hit is to kill, the rate master General E. T. Klassen told the gunner has great difficulty in hitting a target of hitting will determine the outcome; other­ recent Postal Forum that because of moviing at a constant speed and a crossing wise the large force will defes.t the smaller commendable economies he will not ask ~0582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 for the additional $450 million in post­ whose Statue and that of the Portuguese CONGRESSMAN REUSS SPEAKS age rate increases or~inally buclR:eted Children adorn the lawn at our Clubhouse, OUT for early 1973. and Whereas the area fronting 712-714 and 716 It is rare for any Federal agency to Hudson Street, in the City of Hoboken, HON. J. J. PICKLE give up budgeted money. For the Postal County of Hudson, State of New Jersey, OF TEXAS Service, such action was unprecedented. United States of America, has been officially Postmaster General Klassen deserves · designated by the Council of the City of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES credit for this astonishing and welcome Hoboken as "Our Lady of Fatima Place", an Wednesday, September 13, 1972 development. honor unique to the Knights of Columbus, with a membership of over 1,000,000: There­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, a colleague fore be it whose judgment and expertise com­ Resolved, That to properly mark the 200th mands high regard in this Congress is Anniversary of the Founding of the United the Honorable HENRY REuss, of Wiscon­ HOBOKEN KNIGHTS OF COLUM­ States of America, there be erected directly sin. behind the "Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima", BUS BUILD CHAPEL FOR NATION'S Especially in ~he difficult and compli­ 200TH BIRTHDAY a one story cinder block building to be known as "Our Lady of Fatima Chapel" in cated realm of finance, few steps are which the Ceremonial Memorials and other taken in this body without first sounding HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS aspects of the Knights of Columbus would be out the views af Mr. REUSS. OF NEW JERSEY properly presented, and be it further Now, in an interview in the September Resolved, That the general public be in­ issue of the Government Executive, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vited to join with us in honoring the Holy REuss speaks his mind on problems of Wednesday, September 13, 1972 Mother of God under her title "Our Lady of Fatima." finance and on another issue of abiding Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey. Mr. Presented on the Feast of the Assumption, importance to him and to the Nation­ Speaker, I am very proud to report to the August 15, 1972. the environment. Members of this House that a most The respect accorded him has been unique observation of the 200th birth­ hard earned. He is known as a man who day of this Nation is being prepared by has applied his able talents to every the members of Hoboken Council No. PENSION RIGHTS FOR THE NA­ detail. He does his homework, as we are 159 of the Knights of Columbus. I would TION'S DEFENSE WORKERS fond of saying, and he knows his subject like to bring this fact to the attention matter. of all Members of this House. I would like to share this interview by On Hudson Street, in Hoboken, N .J ., HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. placing it in the RECORD at this time: is the nationally known Shrine of Our OF CALIFORNIA IN ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY-WISCONSIN'S Lady of Fatima which each day attracts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HENRY REUSS: WHERE WILL ALL THE DOL­ persons of all religious faiths who wish Wednesday, September 13, 1972 LARS Go? to pause for a moment of prayer and (By Scot MacDonald) meditation. Those who have been in Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, I HIGHLIGHTS have grown increasingly concerned over Hoboken will recall that the city coun­ 1. The next Chairman of the House Bank­ cil of Hoboken has renamed the area as the loss of pensions for the employees of ing and Currency Committee will probably be Our Lady of Fatima Place. defense contractors. Thousands of loyal Rep. Henry Reuss (D-Wisc.) . The Hoboken Knights have decided to Americans have lost all pension rights 2. He believes a successful approach to in­ honor the patron saint of this Nation, durmg derense cutbacks these past 2 dustrial polluters is an effiuent charge (or or 3 years. fine). Our Lady of the Immaculate Concep­ 3. He strongly supports tax reform early tion, and the 200th anniversary of the These employees were planning on the pension as security when they become 65 next year. Declaration of Independence by build­ 4. "I would lift (wage-price) controls on ing a chapel to be known as "Our Lady years of age. Through no fault of their all except the very major segments of the of Fatima Chapel." own, a contract may be reduced on elim­ economy." Matthew A. Grimley and Fred Pesca­ inated, and they lose not only their 5. "We have to restore a sound domestic tore, both members of the Hoboken jobs, but their pensions as well. economy: full employment without infla­ Council for more than two decades, are For this reason, I plan to offer an tion." amendment to the Defense Appropria­ 6. An international banking agency should the cochairmen of the building commit­ be made "the main, if not exclusive, instru­ tee. tions bill on Thursday, which would di­ rect the Secretary of Defense to insure ment of whatever development aid we give." Mr. Speaker, on August 15, 1972, at 7. He suggests where the national budget the feast of the assumption of the that all employees working on a defense should be cut and how the Banking and Cur­ Blessed Virgin Mary, the following reso­ contract are covered by a vested retire­ rency Committee can be improved. lution was adopted by the Knights of ment pension program. The amendment To have a Germanic-sounding name in Columbus Columbian Club: would give the Secretary the discretion Milwaukee is an asset for a politician. To be to issue standards for these retirement a liberal Democrat is another, particularly in Whereas the 200th Anniversary of the plans. I firmly believe all pension plans the Fifth District with a 29 percent black Founding of the United States of Am~rica should be vested within 5 years, and that population. To be shrewd without being will be marked on July 4, 1976 with appro­ shrill, sincere without recourse to shllbbo­ priate ceremonies throughout the Fifty an employee should be able to transfer leths, are others. States and the Territories, and his pension between contractors. But all these, and other attributes do not Whereas the commission appointed by It is my hope that if this program be­ guarantee election, as Henry Reuss (pro­ President Nixon to properly mark the occa­ comes a reality, it will serve as a model nounced Royce) found out in his first three sion has suggested that in addition to the for all private pension plans. I hope my attempts at public office-mayor, state's at­ Major ceremonies at certain locations, each colleagues will join with me tomorrow torney general, and U.S. Senator. In 1964, he City, Town and Hamlet mark the 200th An­ and SUPPort this prOPoSal. succeeded in the race for U.S. Representative, niversary by erecting a suitable monument The amendment follows: and has been returned to Congress each or building of a lasting nature that will for­ election without interruption. It takes no ever remind future generations of the great­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 16593, PROPOSED BY political pun dit to predict that in the up­ ness of these Fifty States so greatly Blessed MR . GOLDWATER coming election, history will repeat itself. by Almighty God, and On page 52, after line 8, insert the fol­ He is a power house at the polls, garnering Whereas the United States of America is lowing: 76 percent of the votes last general election. dedicated to the Holy Mother of God under SEC. 745. No part of the funds appropriated Reuss' success formula is patience, em­ the title of "Our Lady of the Immaculate under title IV or V of the Act shall be made pathy and knowledge-in about equal Conception" and has been ever mindful of available in regard to contracts awarded or amounts. These are reflected in his two ma­ her intercession, and n egotiated after the enactment of this act jor interests in Congress, the environment Whereas the K-C Columbi3.n Club of Ho­ unless t he Secretary of Defense shall first and economics-with an understandable boken, Inc. and Hoboken Council No. 159 of find that all persons employed under such preference for t he latter: he comes from a the Knights of Columbus (whose members con tract or subcontract thereunder, are Milwaukee banking family. are equal owners of the K-C Columbian Club covered by a vested retirement pension pro­ For a number of years, he was chairman of Hoboken, Inc.) have been blessed through gram approved under such standards as the of the House Banking and Currency COin­ the intercession of "Our Lady of Fatima" Secretary of Defense shall prescribe. mittee's subcommittee on International Fi- September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30583 na.nce. "I simply got into it,'' he told Govern­ "The justified part is, of course, the idea Turning back to the economic scene, he ment Executive, "because nobody else really of no more economic growth. It doesn't make emphasized need for tax reform. was doing it, and I thought it important any sense 1f we're going to choke o1f all eco­ "The first reason," he said, "is that the that Congress have a.t least one person who nomic growth. How are we, for example, going average taxpayer is fed up with the idea that studied up on these difficult matters." to find the wherewithal! to clean up our en­ a relatively small number of taxpayers, due These studies have been spectacularly suc­ vironment? How are we going to provide jobs to one loophole or another, are not paying cessful. He has gained the reputation of be­ for our citizens?" their fair share of the tax burden. This ing a man to be listened to in economic ma. t­ It makes no sense, he said, to act as if the means (the average taxpayer's) burden is ters. Indeed, he frequently dines with Rob­ Nation did not need new and more important increased, whether his burden is the local ert McNamara, president of the World Bank, sources of electric power-"be it fossil fuel property tax, or the st.e.te sales tax, or the and Pierre Paul Schweitzer of the Interna­ or nuclear." Federal payroll tax for Social Security, or tional Monetary Fund. In response to a query, When he cites the unjustified part of the his own income tax. he explained, "hardly a day goes by that backlash: "I have reference to industries "If he's a wage earner ma.king from $8,000 somebody from somewhere in the world­ that should have cleaned up and flown to $20,000 a year, the chances are that he either the president of the Central Bank, or straight long ago," instead of "trying to pays a · rather full tax on every penny of in­ a Finance Minister. or a Member of Pa.rlia­ string things out, trying to use every political come he makes. men t concerned wtth these matters, or a and other pressure they can, to avoid doing "On the other hand, if he is in a higher private banker or industrialist will come in what they should have done some time ago." bracket, he probably has found out some to see me." The explanation waa given with­ And he's tough. He does not believe the way-through tax-exempt bonds, or oil de­ out boast, and qualified: "O! course, it's very Government should bail out a company who pletion, or capital gains-to very substan­ helpful to me. I learn what they're think­ could not find it economically feasible to tially reduce, if not entirely eliminate, his ing." adopt devices that would cut down the effiu­ tax burden. Among other things, "they" are thinking ence to an acceptable level. "I would not be "So, from the standpoint of equity, I think that Reuss, barring some unforeseen circum­ inclined to think that anything useful can you have to do something.'' stance, will probably be the next chair­ be done by a subsidy to keep an obvious un­ He also cited revenue as a governing fac­ man of the House Banking and Currency economic company in being." tor. "The fact is that we are now running Committee-currently held by 79-year-old He believes a successful approach to in­ budget deficits that are simply unconscion­ Wright Patman (D-Texss). dustrial polluters would be levying of an able. The current $35-40 billion deficit pro­ Despite his inconspicuousness in the eye effiuent charge. "Impose a charge on indus­ jected for fiscal 1973 is going to sow the seeds of the general public, albeit he is a head­ try," he said, to the extent that it uses pub­ for another inflation if we continue." line hunt er, he has scored significant suc­ lic resources of water or air-and thus give Finally, he noted the need for "keeping our cesses that should cause the public eye to it an incentive to avoid having to pay the economy going and seeing that there's be more discerning. Among them: effiuent charge by developing new methods enough purchasing power to take the prod­ In 1970, he introduced a bill that would of pollution control." And this, he feels, uct off the market. That, after all, is the way permit the President to impose a wage-price stands a very good chance of becoming law, business prospers, through having custom­ freeze, and successfully guided it through describing it as a dis-incentive to pollute. ers." Only if income is divided with some the Congress. A year went by before Nixon "I think what is needed, actually," he am­ semblance of fairness "do we see that the exercised that power-with reluctance and plified, "is a combination of the stick and average consumer has enough purchasing discernible effect. carrot--the carrot being tax breaks-to en­ power to buy the goods and services that In 1971, his subcommittee issued a report able industry to install the very costly anti­ our factories and people are capable of that recommended divorcing the dollar from pollution equipment .. . sometimes a whole producing." gold, and within a fortnight the dollar was new plant; and the stick being an effiuent Regardless of the immediate need, there floating against other currencies. charge--0r if you want to use a less pleasant will be no opportunity to pass a tax reform "I don't do much talking about it at home word, a fine-which is remitted once t.he pol­ bill this year. Reuss wants it high on the (Milwaukee)," Reuss said, "other than be­ luting has been stopped. I think you probably agenda. for next year. fore special groups-like financial people or need both." In a somewhat related area, he believes trade people. It is very difficult for the aver­ Regulations, he firmly believes, should many aspects of the Social Security Syst.em age man in the street to see how his live­ be Federal. are bad. lihood is affected by what happens in the "We're talking about national interest in "For one thing," he said, "the provision international monetary matters. His liveli­ clean waters. I don't think it would be fair that prevents anyone from making more hood is, in fact, affected, but it's compli­ to the state of Washington, which has an ag­ than $1,680 a year in outside employment. I cated." gravated problem of papermill pollution on see no reason why older people shouldn't be Of these same constituents: "You would Puget Sound (as well as an aerospace prob­ allowed to make a considerably larger sum.'' be surprised at the number of people who lem), to foot the entire bill. I think that H~ would raise the ceiling to somewhere you would not think would have the slight­ should be a national expenditure." nearer $3,000. Paul Getty, who makes sev­ est interest in international monetary mat­ His own state has environmental prob­ eral hundred million on dividends and in­ ters, who do give me their views or ask me lems-in dairy, tanning and paper industries. terest a year, he noted, also presumably gets for mine. But I would be misleading you 1f "That's why I am as insistent about national a Social Security check. I said this was a great popular issue." standards as I am. Although Reuss set into motion the legis­ Reuss gave up his chairmanship of the In­ "What shall it profit the state of Wiscon­ lation that made it possible for the Presi­ ternational Finance subcommittee (he is still sin if it purifies its pa.per industry only to dent to call a wage-price freeze, Reuss would a member) to head the Government Opera­ see if all move to states that advertise water now "enormously contract the scope of wage­ tions subcommittee on Conservation and is plentiful: 'Come and pollute our streams; price control, early next year. Natural Resources (which he set up in 1969). we'll be delighted to have you.' That merely "I would lift controls on all except the Conservation has been a lifelong enthusiasm; transfers the problem for a few years and very major segments of the economy-steel, he is an ardent camper, fisherman and skier. ruins a few more bodies of water." automobiles, rubber, heavy chemicals, alu­ It was typical then, when Reuss tackled In the dairy industry: "Our creamery minum.'' the Department of Interior last April, on its wastes consist largely of whey, which is report on the state of the domestic mining poured into marshes. And the first time it THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE and minerals industries. Joined by Rep. John rains, the rain water pushes the creamery Having removed controls on 60 percent of D. Dingell (D-Mich.), chairman of the sub­ waste down to the nearest lake. And there the country's economy, he would do much committee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con­ are lakes in Wisconsin that closely resemble more than is now being done on the supply servation, he charged, "the report reads as cottage cheese, where the creamery waste side. If there aren't enough medical men to 1f it were written by the American Mining has been poured." bring health ca.re to people at reasonable Congress, rather than a Federal agency with In other countries, whey is a valuable dairy fees, he feels the country ought to increase broad environmental responsibilities." He product, with a taste suggestive of sour the number of medical school slots. further described the report as "an industry­ cream. Dairies in this country have not found "If oil for heating and transportation ts in oriented cop-out." it profitable to market. short supply and too expensive, we ought to But this heavy attack may have been Animal excrement is another befouler of relax oil import quotas and get more into largely political even though his personal. the environment, particularly since the in­ this country. concern for the environment is very real. vention of concentrated feedlots for cattle "If Government agencies, such as the ICC Reuss' fiscal background has tempered natu­ some 10 years ago. Previously manure was in the transportation case, are actually con­ ral concern with the world of reality. used to fertilize the following yea.r's crop of tributing to higher prices, we ought to re­ "Just as surely as this (national) environ­ alfalfa. "Well, I think we ought to consider form our Governmental agencies so they act mentalist movement got underway," he told whether we aren't flouting Mother Nature in as an influence for lower prices rather than Government Executive, "you could be sure an uneconomic way," Reuss observed. higher. The ICC traditionally, and for many there would be some kind of backlash against SOCIAL SECURITY yea.rs-and it hasn't really changed yet--has, it. And that too has occurred, is occurring." "All I'm saying is that the two things I'm by its regulations, prevented railroads from THI: BACKLASH interested in--economics and ecology-have entering competitive fields." The backlash, in his opinion, is both justi­ to be much more happily married than they On the international scene, he feels that fied and unjustified. a.re now." progress must begin at home. "We have to 30584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 restore a sound domestic economy: full "Peculiarly, these controls on what finan­ BICENTENNIAL BULLETIN, SEPTEMBER 11, 1972 employment without inflation. Until you do cial institutions can pay people who lend Chairman David Mahoney addressed Third that, foreigners aren't going to have much them money affects matters throughout the Century, planners of Miami's participation confidence in the dollar. When you do it, economy, and it's a good thing to get rid of." in the Bicentennial, on August 22nd. The you're going to find tremendous amounts of On budget cuts: "The defense budget Chairman said he welcomed a congressional foreign funds coming into this country, look­ could well be cut back from its present level investigation into the Commission. "We're ing for what is obviously going to be a very by at least $10- to $15-billions. I can't quite waiting to hear just exactly what Congress profitable investment. That helps our bal­ see my friend George McGovern's $30 billion, wants to do. I haven't found anything I ance of payments, makes jobs." but let's lop 15 billion o1f and see where would consider irregular with our organiza­ He would also move promptly toward re­ we are .... tion." forming the international monetary system "The Department of Agriculture spends At a presentation in the office of Lt. Gov­ toward using special drawing rights as a sub­ far too much on subsidizing large corporate ernor T. Clark Hull at the State Capitol in stitute, and ultimately a substitute for gold farms, and also continues to give so-called Hartford on August 9, Connecticut received in the dollar. services long after their need has expired. For its grant check for $45,000 from new Com­ "We have to make exchange rates easier example, the Soil Conservation Service, for­ mission Member Roy Lavon Brooks of Storrs. to change, increase flexibility, and we have merly an excellent outfit, now spends much Also present was Eric Hatch, chairman of the to have some method of staunching the of its time channelizlng streams, and thus Connecticut Commission. It was announced short term capital fiow, such as produced ruining them." that the money will be used in the purchase problems for the sterling and the dollar in He is not prepared to put a dollar figure oL of the 200-year old Viets Tavern adjacent to the last couple of months." space programs. "I think a major belt-tight­ the Old NewGate Prison in East Granby. He is very high on the World Bank, the ening has already occurred. All I'm saying is The Idaho Bicentennial Commission will International Monetary Fund, the Inter­ that it should not now be increased." launch a large scale oral history project in American Bank, and how they affect our posi­ And in HEW, he can see "plentiful oppor­ cooperation with the Idaho Historical Society tion. "They apply to a much greater extent tunity for cutback-in the social programs." Auxiliary and others around the state who than we do in bilateral aid programs,'' Reuss Finally, he believes there are many things have already begun to gather tape recordings said, "a fairly sound economic analysis to that need to be done by the Banking and of old timers' reminiscences. The Commis­ their loans. That doesn't mean that their Currency Committee. sion wm aid in the collection of the tapes loans are all perfect. But they use economic "There needs to be a major study of the and their transcription into print. J. Mere­ standards." country's whole financial system," he said, dith Neil, Executive Director of the Com­ Another reason: "Because they're an in­ "-banking, savings and loans, credit unions, mission, said, "This collection will be an ternational agency, they can get away with mutual savings banks, insurance companies­ irreplaceable source for future historians." imposing conditions on the recipient country any institution which gives credit." He rec­ Gov. Edgar D. Whitcomb recently accepted which the U.S. can't." ommends members of the Committee, the fi­ the recommendations of the Indiana State Finally, "and very importantly, when you nancial community, academic experts and Bicentennial Commission. Former Gov. Roger deal through an international agency, you representatives of the public sit down and do Branigin, Commission Chairman, said that get others to bear a large share of the burden. what has never been done in history: namely, Indiana would not have much official state In the Asian-Development Bank, Japan's block out a program of redoing the laws af­ pageantry, but cities and counties would be contribution is even greater than our own­ fecting our financial institutions in such a encouraged to hold their own celebrations. which is as it should be. way that it would stand some chance of Con­ He emphasized the state's role in the cele­ "For all these reasons, as far as I'm con­ gressional passage." bration would be "nonpartisan and nonpo­ cerned, I would be ready to make them the The recent recommendations of the Presi­ litical and appealing to everyone." Plans in­ main, 1f not the exclusive, instrument of dent's Commission on Financial Institutions clude the publication of a textbook for all whatever development aid we give." had no hope of Congressional attention be­ high school students describing the exploits His views are further cemented by some cause, Reuss said, there were no members of of Revolutionary War hero George Rogers of his activities on the Joint Economics Com­ Congress on the commission and thus, legis­ Clark and an inventory of treasures of Ameri­ mittee, of which he is also a member. lative know-how was lacking. can history in Indiana museums. The Administration's efforts to increase "There would be one re-look at our Na­ The Wyoming State Bicentennial Commis­ international trade have not been successful tion's financial laws, which hasn't been un­ sion has set up area meetings during the next yet. "That, however," he observed, "is not dertaken for half a century. And it's terribly four months in Sheridan, Thermopolis, Rock necessarily an indictment of them, since important. Springs and Cheyenne. Purpose, according to it takes some time. The devaluation of la.st "The same approach applies to our housing Mrs. Peggy Curry, Commission Chairman, is December, for instance, should take a year laws, despite the fact that we're working on to collect "major ideas" on how Wyoming or two to produce a somewhat better trade a housing bill which eliminates many of the should observe the celebration in order to picture than what we now have. abuses that have been uncovered. make proposals for funding to the State "I personally believe the Administration's "A third area: (the Banking and Currency Legislature. trade ambitions are too ambitious. For ex­ Committee) does not now have any subcom­ Items from The Correspondent, quarterly ample, we now have about a $4 billion trade mittee or organization dedicated to the really publication of the New York State ARBC: deficit on an annual basis. They want to turn central question of the economy-full em­ In New York City the National Shrines As­ that around and have an $8 billion surplus. ployment without infiation. There just isn't sociation, in cooperation with the federal and Well, that's a 12 billion turnaround, and anybody who is in charge of that store. Of state Bicentennial Commissions and the New that to me is too much. I think it's a little course, it's the most important grocery store York City Bicentennial Committee, spon­ irrational to expect us to do that. of all. The Banking and Currency, unlike sored Independence Day events at Fraunces "And indeed, 1f we did do it, I think we'd Joint Economics, can legislate. And this ls Tavern, "The Commons" (now City Hall make a lot of our trading partners mad, be­ too good an opportunity to be missed." Park) and Van Cortlandt Manor in Croton­ cause we'd be profiteering at their expense. on-Hudson. "So, I would like to see us bring our pay­ The ceremony at the Tavern emphasized ments into rough balance, which has to be French participation in the American Rev­ done-not by putting all our eggs in the trade NEWS BULLETIN OF THE AMERI­ olution and France's plans for cooperating basket, but by a whole series of things, such CAN REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL in the Bicentennial. as cutting down on military assistance pro­ COMMISSION The reading of the Declaration was heard grams, which frequently are a big spender at "The Commons" on the site where Ameri­ of foreign exchange." can troops first heard Jefferson's document. WHERE TO CUT THE BUDGET HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST Van Cortlandt Manor was the locale for the reenactment of the reading of the Declara­ To attempt to balance the budget without OF VIRGINIA full employment is to invite another De­ tion at Whit.e Plains July 11, 1776 by order pression. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the New York Provincial Congress. The As to Depression: "May God have mercy Wednesday, September 13, 1972 ceremony was conducted by 85 uniformed on us 1f we are so improvident as to run into members of the Brigade of the American another. No, I think we have learned some Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I Revolution. things since the Depression of 1929 and the am inserting in the RECORD the Septem­ The Oyster Bay Bicentennial Commission Thirties. We've learned that it is absolutely ber 11, 1972, edition of the news bul­ chose July 4th to launch its Bicentennial Era unnecessary to sit still for a Depression, that letin of the American Revolution Bicen­ and to honor the Centennial of the National the methods advocated by Lord John May­ tennial Commission-ARBC. I take this Park Service. The activities were jointly nard Keynes are of some effect. All the action to help my colleagues be informed sponsored by the Old Bethpage Village Res­ countries in Europe use them with good re­ toration, the Nassau County Museum and of the activities and plans being made National Park Service. sults." across the country to help celebrate the On Regulation Q, governing allowable bank In Frankfort, Kentucky, the newly ap­ interests: "If I had my druthers, we would Nation's 200th birthday in 1976. The bul­ pointed. Executive Director of the Kentucky repeal Regulation Q and not have any celling letin is written and compiled by the Historical Events Celebration Commission, on what banks and savings and loans and ARBC communications committee staff. Charles Hellman, stated, "We are about to others may pay people who lend them money. The bulletin follows: begin a continuing series of events that will September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30585 embrace two great happenings. . . . Ken­ trading and ownership by American citi­ bank that eventually might issue a common tucky's 200th anniversary to be celebrated in zens; but, a~ this rate this will not currency. 1974 and the nation's in 1976." Hellmann em­ Meeting separately, foreign ministers of the phasized the cooperation between the state occur until all U.S. gold has been sold 10 mapped token action against terrorism in and national Bicentennial Commissions and abroad. Presumably the individual Amer­ a discussion spurred by last week's massacre noted Kentucky's enviable position of being ican, who is forbidden to own gold here of Israelis a.t the Munich Olympics and the "geared up and staffed up" two years prior to in America, will consider going abroad to shooting of an Israeli diplomat in Brussels the national celebration because of this co­ buy gold and bring it back to the United yesterday. operation coupled with the liaison among the States. If enough Americans bring The ministers agreed that terrorist opera­ regional and county representatives on plan­ enough gold back home, then foreseeably tions should not be blamed on the govern­ ning committees already at work. He expects under another administration, we could ment of any country, an Italian informant to have his staff completed by October 1. said. This was apparently designed to avoid Statewide advisory committees a.re being have another gold confiscation siege. provoking Arab retaliation against Western formed and include historians, educators and I insert related newsclippings: oil interests. representatives in the fields of religion, sports [From the Washington Star & Dally News, Instead they agreed to take a. united stand and the cultural fields of art, drama, music Sept.12,1972] when terrorism comes before the United Na­ and literature. UNITED STATES MAy PROPOSE Two MOVES To tions and to step up cooperation among their An international Bicentennial symposium, CUT MONETARY GOLD ROLE police forces and interior ministries, the Medicine and Surgery in America, the First Italia.n said. 200 Years: Prologue 1976 will be held at the (By Lee M. Cohn) The monetary fund agreement made it Boston Museum of Science, Morse Audito­ The Nixon administration may propose likely that a Common Market summit con­ rium, Saturday, October 21, 1972. The sym.. international action soon to sell government­ ference will convene as scheduled Oct. 19 in posium will be open to the genera.I public. held gold on foreign markets to depress the Paris. It is designed to give new directions to Outstanding and historic achievements in price, and favors eventually permitting gold the market after Britain and Ireland-and American medicine and surgery since 1900 trading by American citizens. perhaps Norway and Denmark-become will be emphasized and discussed. The sym­ Both moves would be intended to reduce members Jan. 1. posium will feature an address by Senator the role of gold in the monetary system and The summit meeting would officiaJ.ly create Joseph C. Dicarlo, Chairman of the Massa­ treait it as an ordinary commodity, Paul A. the fund, putting the Common Market fur­ chusetts Revolutionary War Bicentennial Volcker, undersecretary for monetary affairs, ther on the road to full economic and mone­ Commission entitled, "Prologue, A Vision for told Congress yesterday. tary unity. Up to now, it has been mainly a America. in Century III." Testifying before the International Mone­ custom union with the beginnings of a joint Archaeological excavations are underway tary subcommittee of the Joint Economic farm policy. at two important colonial Virginia plantation Committee, Volcker was more optimistic than The fund would have one main initial sites as a preliminary to the Bicentennial pe­ previously about chances for negotiating a task-keeping the values of European cur­ riod. One dig is underway at Richard Henry basic agreement on reforming the world's rencies closer together than the currencies of Lee's Northern Neck plantation site of Chan­ monetary system by late next summer. the rest of the world-a 2% percent margin tilly in Westmoreland County. Further plans Formal negotiations wlll start during the of :fluctuation around fixed exchange rates of the Westmoreland Bicentennial group in­ International Monetary Funds' annual meet­ instead of 4¥2 percent. To help do this the clude a celebration of the 200th anniversary ing here beginning Sept. 25. Most authorities member countries would make about $1.5 of Richard Henry Lee's introduction of the expect difficult barga.ining, and some of them blll'ion available to one another on one-year Virginia Resolutions for Independence at the fear a deadlock. credits. Continental Congress in Philadelphia. on June Without necessarily waiting for completion 7, 1976. Excavations a.re also in progress at the of a reform package, Volcker said, it might site of the 17th and 18th century Kingsmlll be desirable to take interim action encourag­ DAVE SMITH: ASSET TO GREATER Plantation on the James River near Williams­ ing sales of gold on foreign markets by gov­ burg under the direction of the Landmarks ernment central banks. NEW HAVEN Commission. The work is financed by a. grant The existing two-price system bars govern•­ from the Anheuser-Busch interests. ment sales on gold markets. Governments HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO Mrs. Gene Riddle, Executive Director of the maintain a fixed official price of $38 an ounce ARBC of Texas, reports that seven cities have for transactions among themselves and let OF CONNECTICUT appointed committees and established bicen­ the market price :fluctuate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tennial goals, including new parks, museums Because of strong industrial and specula­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 and historical restora.tions--Temple, Belton, tive demand and limited supplies, the market Wichita Falls, San Antonio, Lubbock, San price of gold has soared close to $70 an Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, Dave Smith Marcos and Seguin-and another 18 are com­ ounce. The wide gap between the offic:ia.l and serves in my district as president and mitted to do so. Each city in Texas has been market price has both reflected and ag­ general manager of the Greater New asked by the Commission to make "at least gravated monetary turbulence. one permanent improvement which will bene­ Haven Chamber of Commerce. During Volcker emphatically rejected proposals, the years I have known him it has been fit the community and be dedicated to the mainly by France, to narrow the gap by bicentennnial." raising the official price. Instead, he sug­ a genuine pleasure for me to work with gested, it might be a good idea to depress the Dave, and I was delighted to see that the market price by selling government gold. August 1 edition of the Connecticut Busi­ American citizens now are prohibited by ness Journal had run an article illustrat­ THE GOLD GAME law from buying, selllng and holding gold ing the qualities that have made Dave except under license for industrial, artistic an asset to the entire Greater New Haven and dental uses. community. For psychological reasons, Volcker said, it I would like to insert this article, there­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK would be a mistake to lift the prohibition OF LOUISIANA during the monetary reform negotiations. fore, not only as a tribute to Dave Smith IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Allowing Americans to trade gold during and his administration of the New Haven this interim might inject "further specula­ chamber, but to call attention to the Wednesday, September 13, 1972 tive elements into an already volatile and chamber managers throughout the Na­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the latest artificial gold market" by augmenting de­ tion whose goals, hard work and diligence public opinion balloon to be released is mand, he said. make them all-and their Chambers of But he indicated clearly that the admin­ Commerce--such very imPortant re­ that the administration is considering istration favors eventual elimination of the selling the American people's gold. Not gold trading ban. sources in our communities. to American interests, of course, but to If the reform negotiations produce a new The article follows: international banking cells operating as monetary system "fully insulated from in­ DAVE SMITH, NEW HAVEN CHAMBER OF COM­ foreign governments and on foreign mar­ stabllity in private gold markets," he testi­ MERCE PRESIDENT, SEES GREAT FuTURE IN kets. The theory sought to justify the fied, removal of the gold trading restrictions FIELD OF CHAMBER MANAGEMENT sale of American gold to foreigners is should receive "sympathetic consideration." (By David E. Moore) that it will depress the price of gold­ R. David Smith has been president and which has now soared close to $70 an [From the Evening Star and Dally News, general manager of the Greater New Haven ounce-while our progressive "share the (D.C.), Sept. 12, 1972] Chamber of Commerce for nearly three years. He's been in the chamber executive field Just wealth" financial bureaucracy maintains COMMART NATIONS ACT ON CURRENCY a.bout six years, and entered it by accident. our gold at a maximum price of $38 an RoME.-Finance ministers of the 10 Euro­ "Few people see it a.s a career," he sa.id ounce available to foreigners only. pean Common Market countries announced the other day. "I guess everyone knows there The present administration gives lip agreement today to set up a European Mone­ is a chamber of commerce in their commu­ service toward eventually permitting gold tary Fund, probable forerunner of a central nity. They all have an idea about what a CXVIII--1927-Part 23 30586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 19 72 chamber does but it's something they don't staff' head. That's not the case here in New as the Service Core of Retired Executives, the think about. This doesn't upset me." Haven. The business community is in the Greater New Haven Business and Professional "My advice to young people today would be habit of making its own decisions. It wants Men's Association, the Connecticut Society to take a close look at chamber work," he to be involved. And so we support it with of Certified Public Accountants and the continued. "Chamber management combines a good professional staff'. I work with the banks that have made over $1 million in all the things I wanted to do and gave me chamber's executive committee and a board loans to minority black businesses over the the freedom to do it. In addition, I think of 33. We meet frequently, two or three times pa.st five years. "This ls a good chamber. chamber work is a green pasture-it could a week. Twenty-eight percent of New Haven's pop­ use young blood in many instances. It's "They set the overall policy but the ad­ ulation ls black. Less than two percent of packed with opportunities. And it's been kind ministration is my responsibility. Adminis­ the businesses are owned by blacks. This to me." tration is a new thing to me but I like it. isn't healthy. Everybody has to have a piece Dave Smith paused, thought a moment, Finance is new to me, too, and now I spend of the action." said, "I've moved so fa.st that I honestly think 35 to 40 percent of my time on it. Either the PERSONAL there's only one more move left in me." He numbers add up or they don't. There are Mr. Smith went on, "It's never a question attributes his fa.st rise in the field to what no mirrors with finance. of me getting bored on the job. It's a ques­ went on in his life before he stumbled into "We do things differently from some other tion of doing the job. I believe all of us have chamber work. chambers but what we do works. For exam­ a limited bag of tricks and I assume a man BACKGROUND ple, we reevaluate our membership every year, knows when he's nearing the bottom of his ask for more money every year. This system bag. It takes a rare individual to work for Dave Smith's father wa.s killed in World seems to work better for us than asking for War II and by the time Dave wa.s nine yea.rs a community like this for 10 years and still a big hike every five years. be at the same level of horsepower." But he of age he was working full time as a washer "My wife says the first thing I do when in a bakery in his hometown of Brunswick, cited one exception to his rule: Arthur J. I wake up in the morning is start to sell. Lumsden, who's been president of the Maine, from 4 to 8 a.m. and after school. Dave I'm selllng the chamber all the time-what graduated from Brunswick High in 1955 and Greater Hartford ChambeT of Commerce it stands for. I can't divorce myself from since 1956. "I have the greatest respect for though he wa.s offered a number of athletic what happens in this organization because scholarships he couldn't afford to go to col­ him," he said. it excites me and I believe in it." Dave used to be a golfer with a handicap lege. He was reconciled, he recalled, to join­ Dave Smith described the chamber board ing the ranks of blue collar workers. He went of three. But after their first child Mrs. as being composed of New Haven's top deci­ Smith asked him to cut down on his golf to work for the Central Maine Power Co, sion-makers. "My boa.rd watches me careful­ right after high school. games. "Because I'm really competitive this ly, they analyze my decisions and keep score. took the edge off my game," he said. "I don't After 5 Y2 years he was promoted to first I have a feedback network so I pick up the like to looe so I gave up golf." Now the class lineman. "I thought I'd been rewarded reaction. This way you sense how you're do­ Smiths have four daughters ranging in age for my work and I wondered what the next ing. This feedback wasn't. started conscious­ from less than one month to eight yea.rs. step would be. So I asked and quiakly got ly, it just seemed to happen automatically." the message-'bide your time, ability doesn't Dave describes himself as "a family man" THE CHAMBER and he spends his free time at home in Mad­ count, in a few years you'll be a foreman.' I ison, mowing the lawn and playing with his wished I'd known that 5¥2 years before," he The Greater New Haven Chamber of Com­ youngsters. He's immediate past president sa.id. merce, founded in 1794, ls composed of some of Madison's Five Fields Homeowners Asso­ "I gave notice. I was about 23 and still 1,500 members and operates on a budget of ciation. single but after I gave notice I was fright­ $750,000 a year. Now that it's taken over the He takes time out every year to attend the ened." But not for long, evidently. Through region's National Alliance of Businessmen U.S. Chamber of Commerce institute for or­ a friend Mr. Smith soon found employment program, it's working with another $1 mil­ ganization management. And he serves as with an insurance company. He was sent to lion a. year. Altogether, the chamber has a vice president of the Connecticut Association training school in Boston and soon found staff' of 30. success in sales work. "But where do you go Dave Smith sees the chamber's first goal of Chamber of Commerce Executives and on the board of directors and executive com­ from there?" he asked. "Insurance manage­ as paying attention to the needs of New mittee of the New England Association of ment wasn't attractive to me." Haven's business community. And so its re­ Chamber of Commerce Executives. He's also Mr. Smith left to take a position with a search and development department ls ac­ on the board of directors of Business Ven­ franchising operation. He was put in charge tively pursuing programs in aviation, harbor, tures, Inc., Olin's MESBIC which ls operated of training development for salesmen, a job industrial, environmental and transportation by the chamber. which had him on the road nine weeks out development of the New Haven region. Retail of 10. "By this time I'd met the girl who ls a vital interest, too, along with trade de­ became my wife." So it was back to Maine velopment, public affairs, manufacturing and for Mr. and Mrs. Smith-and the launching membership. HISTORIC CUSTOMHOUSE IN of the Kennebec Valley Shoppers Guide in He spoke particularly of the chamber's YORKTOWN, VA. Augusta. Along with selling advertising for services in the community development area. his shoppers' guide, a pennysaver, Dave soon "I don't know of any chamber in the United got involved with a company that makes States that's as involved in minority enter­ maps for chambers of commerce and makes prises as we are," he said. "We have the only HON. THOMAS N. DOWNING lits profit by selling advertising on the maps. MESBIC in the country run by a chamber. OF vmGINIA Dave thought he could combine this opera­ We were licensed to operate the MESBIC in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion with his pennysaver. 1970 when there were only 14 others in the He did-for a while. But when he visited U.S." He explained that the MESBIC (Minor­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 the Rockland chamber office to get that of­ ity Enterprise Small Business Investment Mr. DOWNING. Mr. Speaker, a pic­ fice's blessing for selling space in the com­ Company) was initially funded by $150,000 turesque 18th-century building, reputed munity, he fell into a discussion with the put up by Olin Corp. and Olin was licensed to be the oldest customhouse in the Orig­ Rockland chamber executive. It turned out by the Small Business Administration to that he was about to retire and he told young sponsor the company. Mr. Smith attributed inal Thirteen Colonies, was recently des­ Dave all about the pleasures and challenges the chamber's active involvement to the work ignated "historic" by U.S. Commissioner of running a cnamber. of New Haven business leaders and the pre­ of Customs, Vernon D. Acree. "I liked what he told me, it sounded sim­ ceding chamber director. In a ceremony at the Yorktown, Va., ple, yet interesting. I talked to the president He spoke of the chamber's small business customhouse, built in 1706, Commission­ and was hired," he recalled. "It was strictly loan committee which through the end of er Acree explained that the designation by accident. Yet it uniquely represents what last year saw loan gua,rantees of nearly $1 is part of the agency's contribution to I want to do in business. My first lesson in million by the SBA. And then there's the the bicentennial era which culminates in business was that all businessmen are not small business management assistance com­ fat cats." mittee, active in securing resource assistance 1976. TODAY for many businesses in areas such as ac­ Emphasizing customs' financial role Mr. Smith's background was in selling in­ counting, bookkeeping, legal, production op­ in the Nation's history, Commissioner tangibles (insurance and advertising) and in erations, financial and organizational man­ Acree explained that customs duties sales training. Today he feels he's added a agement, marketing, feasibility studies and were the mainstay of the early Republic few new skills. "We're both selling and man­ site locations. Mr. Smith said thwt the cham­ and continued to provide the largest aging people," he said. "In chamber work ber expects to be funded as one of the first share of Federal funds until 1913. you try to take the real leadership of the Business Resource Centers. Working During the ceremony, a proclamation community, dump ideas on the table, sift through a consortium, the BRC wlll fill a them, set priorities, come up with the funds vacuum in New Haven, providing full time and bronze plaque were presented to the to implement them and then make things management assistance for minority busi­ Comte de Grasse chapter of the Daugh­ happen. nessmen, he explained. ters of the American Revolution, owners "There's no right way or wrong way to run Mr. Smith spoke highly of the commu­ of the building. A tour of the building a chamber. Some operate well with a strong nity's cooperation-from such organizations followed the ceremony. September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30587 The Yorktown customhouse which Newport, Alexandria., Folly-Landing, Cherry­ preserve those timeless qualities and tradi­ served continuously for almost 140 years, Stone, South-Quay, and Louisville." tions of our service. began life as Richard Ambler's "large Then the story continues: La.st year President Nixon proclaimed the "To the District of Yorktown shall be an­ years 1971 through 1976 the Bicentennial brick storehouse." It is believed to have nexed West Point and Cumberland, as ports Era for this nation and asked each Federal been used to collect revenue for the king of delivery only, and a Collector of the Dis­ agency to undertake a program within their after the owner was appointed collector trict shall be appointed, to reside at York­ respective area of responsibility. for the York River district. At the time, town, which shall be the sole port of entry." After reviewing all of its activities back the district covered the greater part of The Yorktown Customhouse was the first through history, the CustoinS Service decided the east coast, including Philadelphia in the thirteen colonies, and at various peri­ for its part upon the dedication of historic and New York. ods, it served as headquarters for Confed­ customhouses. This is in keeping with Fed­ erate General John B. Magruder, a store, a eral government efforts to accelerate historic From the standpoint of growth and school, and a bank. preservation programs by identifying land­ prosperity, Yorktown reached its apex In the Spring of 1781, jurt when the fate marks, in anticipation of the Bicentennial about 1750. The commercial life of the of the American Revolution seemed darkest, observance of the American Revolution. town continued, however, for another General Washington received word that a As President Nixon has expressed it, "the quarter of a century. But traces of de­ French fleet was on its way to help him. Bicentennial year will be one of the great cline appeared even before the outbreak It was early September when Admiral opportunities for our nation to look back, of the Revolution. Comte Francois de Grasse brought his fleet to look around us, to look ahead-and join The siege of Yorktown in 1781, ruined from the West Indies to the Chesapeake Bay. in both jubilation and resolve as we enter De Grasse's transport picked up Washington's the third century." commercial and business activity in the troops at Elkton, Annapolis, and Baltimore By commemorating the customhouse­ Virginia village. Trade fell off and fam­ and brought them here to the Yorkt own symbol of Federal authority for nearly two ilies moved away. Peninsula to join Lafayette. The result of centuries-we hope to insure an opportunity Nevertheless, the customhouse con­ the ensuing battle is history. for future generations to appreciate the con­ tinued to collect revenue on incoming The furious cannonade shattered the Brit­ tributions the U.S. CustoinS Service has cargoes for nearly two centuries. Its ish defenses, brought a surrender from Corn­ made to our nation. doors were closed for Federal business wallis and the end of the Revolutionary War. And we deeply appreciate your participa­ on December 31, 1845. But ending the war did not bring an end to tion in this ceremony here this morning. the financial troubles which plagued the new Thank you. I think my colleagues in the Congress nat ion. Long years of war had left the will be interested in the remarks made c<;mntry bankrupt. by the U.S. Commissioner of customs, On July 4, 1789, Congress passed the Tari.ff DEFENDS RIGHT TO OPINION Vernon D. Acree on that occasion. Act establishing the machinery for taxing The remarks follow: imported merchandise. It was hailed by the REMARKS BY U.S. COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS press as the "second Declaration of Inde­ VERNON D . ACREE AT THE CUSTOMHOUSE pendence." Four weeks later on July 31 , 1789, HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. DEDICATION , YORKT OWN, VA., AUGUST 26, by the Second Act of the First Congress OF CALIFORNIA the United States Customs Service was 1972 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ladies of the Daughters-of-the-American formed. Revolut ion, friends of the Yorkt own Custom­ When President George Washington looked Wednesday, Septemper 13, 1972 for civil servant s to staff his new Customs house, Past or Barkley, distinguished guests, Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, since Regional Commissioner Paul Lawrence, Dis­ Service he didn't have to look beyond those trict Director Singleton Garrett, and my fel­ wh o fought alongside him in the Battle of America was founded, it has unfortu­ low-Virginians. Yorktown. nately been customary, during times or First, may I say how pleased and honored Colonel John Lamb, whose Second Con ti­ great controversy, that Americans bit­ I am to be here in h ist oric Yorktown to par­ nental Artillery Regiment played an impor­ terly criticize the patriotism of those of ticipate with you in this ceremony. We a.re tant role in the battle, became Collector of opposing views. This is unfortunate, be­ here to dedicate an ancient and famous Customs in New York. cause as time passes, people on both sides structure as a n historic Unit ed States Others who served with him durin g the war and later accept ed posts in the Customs of controversial issues generally come to customhouse. recognize, if not respect, the service If you will forgive a short aggression into Service were: General Benjamin Lin coln who the personal, I would also like to say that became Collect or of CustoinS in Bost on, Gen­ to the Nation of those of their former this ceremony has a deep personal meaning eral Delaney in Philadelphia., and General opponents whose integrity is beyond for me. For, in the immediate area, my fore­ Otho WilliainS in Baltimore. question. bearers first settled in this new land from One who acquitted himself brilliantly in George Washington, Abraham Lin­ t raceable eight generations ago in the pre­ a command during the Yorktown campaign coln, and Woodrow Wilson were bitterly Revolutionary War era. I n deed, just a few was Lieutenant Colonel Alexan der Hamilton, maligned in their own time by erstwhile miles from here, at Old Providence Church an aide-de-camp. In September of 1789 when the Treasury Department was created, Hamil­ "patriots." This alone should be lesson in York County, rest my grandfather, my enough suggest that neither SPIRO great-gran dfather, and my great-great­ ton became the first Secretary of the Treas­ to grandfat her. And I lived for a few years of ury. His appointment marked the end of an AGNEW nor Ramsey Clark are anything my early childhood in nearby Gloucester. era of bankruptcy, and the beginning of a but patriotic Americans, and that the If there is a single state which can be sound economy for the new republic. eyewitness accounts of persons of recog­ described as t he cradle of American civiliza­ From 1789 to 1791 Customs provided near­ nized integrity such as Jane Fonda and tion, it must be Virginia. For it was in Vir­ ly all the Federal income. And in spite of in­ former Attorney General Clark are en­ gina where the first English settlement was ternal taxes, Customs continued to produce the lion's share of Federal funds for almost titled to as much weight as say the Air establishe~ . . . a Virginian named Richard Force's General Lavalle who until re­ Henry Lee in troduced the motion for sepa­ 125 years-up until 1913 when the first per­ ration of t he 13 colonies from England ... sonal income tax was voted. cently commanded the air war against Virginian Thomas Jefferson was the author of Modern-day Customs is still vitally in­ North Vietnam and was disciplined for the Declaration of Independence ... eight volved in the commercial and financial life deliberately deceiving his superiors as to Presidents of the United States were Vir­ of our nation. During the fl.seal year which the nature and reasons for the bombing ginians . . . eight other st ates were formed ended June 30, we collected $4.3 billion in attacks he had ordered. from Virginia, "the mother of states." revenue. A great national controversy has arisen One cannot stand on this hallowed ground With international trade and travel reach­ over the effects of history's most devas­ without recalling some of the events two ing unprecedented heights, it is a challenge centuries ago, which shaped the destiny of for Customs just to keep pace. Today our tating aerial bombardment on the dikes our nation. agency's responsibilities extend beyond col­ which hold back the death by drowning The town itself was established as a United lecting and protecting the revenue: over the of the bulk of the population of North States port of entry on August 7, 1789 by years, our responsibilities have multiplied. Vietnam-and several hundred American Congress assembled in the City of New York. In addition to controlling more than 90,000 prisoners of war as well. The Air Force A contemporary newspaper, an original copy miles of border and coastline, we a.re now contends damage is minor; a number of of which I have in my possession, reports concerned with new threats to our society. foreign visitors to North Vietnam con­ that "in the State of Virginia shall be twelve Drug smuggling, skyjacking and cargo tend that such damage has created great districts; to wit, Hampton as one port; Nor­ theft are some of the national problems we folk and Portsmouth as one port; Bermuda.­ are fighting today. We are also deeply in­ danger of flooding. Hundred and City Point as one port; York­ volved in world trade and tariff matters. We have not been able to get the Air town, Tappahannock, Yeocomico River, While we cope with change and the chal­ Force to release the best evidence of including Kinsale, Dumfries, including lenges of today's society, we also seek to who is telling the truth-the photographs 30588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 which are so laboriously and perilously While 20 foreign correspondents were in the people are reported to have moved 120 taken and compiled. the process of examining the damage to the million cubic meters of earth, which is more Thai Binh dike, they witnessed a second at­ than in all the 80 years under French colon­ For some reason the Defense Depart­ tack by a dozen Phantoms (F-4's) and A-7's ialism. "The Vietnamese are big movers of ment refuses to release these immensely which they said, "went into a dive and re­ earth. And it is all done with no machinery. accurate and comprehensive aerial pho­ leased several bombs and rockets against the It is the people of every village who partici­ tographs of the dikes and villages now dike on which we were standing." The Agence pate. It ls part of our national origin," said being struck by U.S. bombers. France Press correspondent reported on Nguyen Dinh Thi, laughing, putting things Under these circumstances, it seems July 11 that they "all felt the attack was into their social context, helping me compre­ reasonable to consider the eyewitness clearly against the dike system." hend the resistance. accounts of individuals who have per­ As I stood on the Thall Binh dike the fol­ NEW DIMENSION sonally visited those dikes and villages. lowing day, the fiat rice paddies stretched The bombing of the dikes has given the out into the distance. Here and there a war a new dimension. The danger lies not One such account, that of Jane Fonda, cluster of hamlets could be seen. No major is appended for consideration: only in people drowning, but most terrible for routes, no major communication lines, no a small agrarian society, the destruction o! WE HAVE NEVER BUILT So MANY ROADS industry and no military targets were vis­ the land and the famine that would ensue. AND BRIDGES ible. What were visible were the bomb craters If the dikes a.re unable to withstand the wa­ (By Jane Fonda) that have accumulated on both sides of the ter because of the bombing, it will be a HANoI.-We live with the earth-in strict dike. tragedy for years to come. Both dike segments in Nam Sa.ch which collaboration with the earth. It ls because of It is not just a question of manpower, but this that we can withstand the bombing." I have been bombed are the most strategic, for of time, for it will take the earth, packed into was listening to Nguyen Dinh Thi, renown they hold back the waters of six rivers which place to form the new dikes, many years to be author, poet, and playwright of North Viet­ converge at this vital point. If these dikes solid enough to hold. nam. I had never experienced a people who are broken, it will endanger the lives and The Vietnamese are wasting no time. Each cherish their earth, not only because it is crops of an immense region of the eastern family has a boat and are reinforcing their their source of life, but because most of them part of the Delta. top fioors and roofs. Much thought ls being can remember the days before the revolution As one French journalist told me, "From given to what kind of crops can be grown when the land belonged to the French, and what Nixon is saying, one would have to as­ under water. They face what appears to be an they were "coolies." Now it is theirs, and their sume that the North Vietnamese are blow­ attempt to obliterate their country with the clothes are stained with it, the walls of their ing up their own fiood control system in same determinism and optimism with which houses are made from it. The rivers are col­ order to effect Western opinion." they have faced everyhing else. ored red by it. Everywhere, people standing INDmECT BOMBING MOST DAMAGING Professor Pham Huy Thong, of the Asso­ knee-deep in their land, backs bent, planting Examining dikes one realizes that the more ciation of Science and History of North Viet­ their tear-shaped rice. serious damage is not necessarily caused by nam, said to me, as the bombs shook my hotel The very existence of the land in the Red direct hits, but by the bombs falling on the in the center of Hanoi, "If the principal route River Delta represents a victory of the people sides of the dike. These bombs create shock is destroyed, we have to construct second­ who wrested it from the sea thousands of waves that cause multiple cracks at the dike ary routes. That way we are enriching our years ago through the construction of an in­ base, the most vulnerable part. Delayed-Re­ systems of roads. We have never built so many tricate network of earthen dikes. These dikes action Perforation Bombs are being used, as roads and bridges." protect them from the waters raging down well, which enter the dikes on a slant and "Nixon forgets one thing,'' he continued, the mountains during the monsoon season lodge underneath their foundations, explod­ "that in destroying all this, especially the and from the sea water, an annual threat to ing later. This causes ser!ous weaknesses dikes, he is consolidating us because to re­ this region, which is below sea level. which are difficult, sometimes impossible, to build the dikes we have to mobilize and The overwhelming sense one has of unity detect, and repair work becomes hazardous. unite tens of thousands of our people." and collective spirit isn't a product only nt If these weakneses aren't discovered and the war of resistance, but results from the repaired in time, the pressure of the tor­ century-old struggle against water and rential waters which reach their highest drought. The early development of a Viet­ level towards the end of this month, may VOICE OF THE "500"-SID COLLINS namese state with a centralized administra­ cause the entire section of the dike to be tion was brought about by the need to mo­ washed away. bilize the mlllions of people required in On July 28, President Nixon said of the HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. building the dikes. The dikes and the nation dikes, "We could take them out, the signifi­ OF INDIANA grew up together. cant part of them, in a week." However, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As we waited out an air raid in a bomb will not be necessary to "take them out", shelter in Hanoi one afternoon, Thi said, hit them directly, in order to disastrous dam­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 "We don't build big houses or palaces. Our age-damage which will not necessarily be Pagodas are beautiful, but none are very big. visible on an aerial reconaisance photo. Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, Hoosiers, of What is big in Vietnam are the dikes. They Attacks against dike repair crews don't course, have much to be proud of. And are our monuments." show up on aerial reconnaisance photos, we are much proud of Sid Collins who These monuments, according to the Vice­ either. I talked with To Minh Nguyet, a 22- is both an institution and a legend in Minister of Water Conservancy in North Viet­ year old journalism student. In a whisper his own time. nam, were bombed 18 times in April of this she told me about being in a village ("It used The following is an article by Frederic year; 46 times in May; 46 in June; and in the to be beautiful, with many eo<:onut trees") A. Birmingham in the magazine which first 27 days of July they were bombed 63 on the Ma River in Thanh Hoa Province. She times. is an institution and a legend of many was there on June 14, when the dikes were times, the Saturday Evening Post. CORRESPONDENTS DESCRIBE AN ATI'ACK bombed three times. "After the bombing, many student teach­ The article follows: At his July 28th press conference, Presi­ ers and medical students came to mend the dent Nixon described reports of these bomb­ VOICE OF THE "600": Sm COLLINS dikes," she said. "The planes came back and (By Frederic A. Birmingham) ings as "enemy inspired propaganda". Admit­ dropped anti-personnel bombs. Many people ting to some bomb hits on the dikes, he told were killed, mostly woman and children." Once a year, deep down in Texas, comes the news conference they were "accidental." greenup time and the blooming of the yel­ Outside Nam Dinh city, former textile capi­ BUILDING, REINFORCING, REPAIBING low rose. Also, once a year, a lady of some tal of Vietnam which ls now 60 % rubble, I The people here say that they have con­ eighty summers mounts her pickup truck saw the Nghia Minh dike. On June 18th, 50 quered the Red River, and there is basis for and drives out of the holler where she lives, bombs had done extensive damage in three their pride. In the ftocd of 1946, two million making tracks for a hill some miles distant. places, each 30 yards long, a.nd caused many people d ied of famine. During last summer's That hill is not Pike's Peak nor is it Mt. deep cracks in the surface. One portion was fiood, the worst in the last century, only 600 McKinley er Mt. Marcy. But '. t will do. Be­ cut in two by one-thousand- and two-thou­ people died and the Red River dike system cause when she unfurls the fantastic sky­ sand-pound bombs. held fast. They say, in fact, that last year's scratching aerial she has rigged up for her In the town of Phu Ly, between Nam Dinh fioods enabled them to see where the weak­ truck radio, she will hear the voice of a man and Hanoi, I saw another bombed dike, and nesses in the dikes were, and to reinforce in Indiana who will tell her what she wants the entire hydraulic system destroyed. On them. to know. He will tell her about what is hap­ July 12, I visited Nam Sa.ch district 40 miles I could see people everywhere carrying earth pening in a 500-mile race fer horseless car­ east of Hanoi, in Hal Hung Province. The in baskets and carts, packing it in, building, riages. And she will listen, enthralled, for a whole district of Nam Sach is surrounded by reinforcing, repairing their dikes. According full four and cne-half hours. two rivers, the Thai Binh and the Kinh Thai. to the Water Conservancy Ministry, in the Once a year, also, in Indiana, a crowd Two vital points on these dikes had been first six months of this year the people have variously estimated at from 300,000 to 500,- bombed on July 9 and 11. One portion on the moved 16 million cubic meters of earth, three 000 souls will congregate on a t ract of 539 Kinh Thai River had been severed by 2,000- times more than during the whole of 1971. a, '.)res to witness the same race. They are prob­ pounders. During the entire 12 years prior to 1970, a.bly more informed about automobiles as September 13, 19 1?2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30589 a group than any other. Husbands, wives, or watched the brave blur of the-racing mon­ official voice all over the globe-and not say kids are there to witness the famed "500" sters streaking around the Speedway, you that Sid has played a real part in its devel­ which may well be the most exciting sports may still ponder the causes of it all and seek opment. For instance, he has become a celeb­ event in the world. They may have driven to know the answers to what they are. The . rity in his own right and enjoyed some of for many days to get there. Perhaps they country of Amerioa has so much to be proud the usual privileges accorded such public have found · only somebody's lawn to park of-its natural resources, the vision of its recognition: he is a Kentucky Colonel, a on, because the city of Indianapolis, where founding fathers, the fl.ow of lifeblood from Sagamore of the Wabash, an Admiral of the the race is run, suddenly swells its popula­ other nations into its strength-that it takes Great Navy of the State of Nebraska, an tion to a bursting point; and perhaps the conquering for granted and wastes little Honora.ry Mayor of Helena, Montana, a Texas family has had to sleep in their car and find emotion on it. It builds cities, conquers Ranger, Variety's "Man of the Year." And meals where they could, so as to be on hand prairies, bridges rivers, even penetrates the out in the farm country where they take for the st art. Well, they are there, right on universe without so much as a backward such things as animal husbandry seriously, a the spot. And what do they do? Chances are glance. Americans are usually divided in champion hog is named after him (who it that, as they watch the race from their cov­ their loves as well as their opinions, but in must be presumed will perpetuate the name eted seats (the grandstands are sold out all the clash of their personalities and be­ through generations of piglets to come) . He months in advance and even general admis­ liefs, they have held unanimously and firmly has had his picture taken with practically sion tickets are regarded as prized posses­ to one fundamental love-they have been every famous racing driver since 1948, with sions) they will not only have the advantage carrying on an affair with the automobile Cyd Charisse among a bevy of other beauties, of seeing what is going on before their eyes since the first puny little pretender puffed and there is always the chance that he may in this big racing event, they may also be ad­ its smoky challenge to the horse, and their someday be kissed by Andy Kranatelli, the vised throughout by their immediate neigh­ affection for the fuel-driven pony gets more tough car builder who becomes ecstatic in bors---who are bound to be racing buffs-and intense by the year. victory. Sid wears these and a dozen more also by the loudspeaker system of the Speed­ Oddly enough, the love affair is not neces­ similar honors lightly, but there a.re a couple way, keeping them informed on what is hap­ sarily a passion for speed in itself. Mr. Anton of other accolades which a.re perhaps more pening down there on t he track. But the odds Bulman, known as Tony to everyone who meaningful to him and to us here. In 1962, on are that with all of this inside dope, they also knows him and to millions who do not, is Sid's fifteenth anniversary as the 500 "voice," will come equipped with transistor radios to the patrician owner of the Indianapolis he was surprised by a trophy which now rests hear the broadcast of the race, and to listen Speedway, and even he has to wonder a bit in his study, donated by the thirty-three to the same voice which the little old lady what gives between the American and the drivers starting in the race that year. Strictly in Texas is straining her ears to catch at the automobile. He recalls with a laugh the year a matter of spontaneously passing the hat same time. of 1945 when he bought the "brickyard" from from garage to garage, with 1960 winner Jim The voice is that of Sid Collins, the man Eddie Rickenbacker. "The war was over, air­ Ra.thmann doing the collecting. It is a hand­ who has for twenty-five years now-with a craft were flying four and five hundred miles some one indeed ... but not more handsome staff he calls "the greatest in the world"­ an hour, and people were saying that no one than the inscription which says in part, "In broadcast the news of the race, over more would bother to come and see cars running appreciation for his valued service to the than 1200 stations this year to over one hun­ around a track at a hundred or so. They said racing fraternity as t he voice of the 500." dred million listeners. And the plain fact is, that automobile racing was through. We Racing drivers don't usually take that kindly whether you are two thousand miles away or weren't sure we were even going to sell a to specialists in another craft. This was the just a few yards from the track, until you see seait." He laughs with understandable relish only time, before or since, that the drivers the race through his eyes and hear him tell as he says this. The 500 was more jammed have so honored anybody. Sid also owns a it like it is, you just ain't in on the big 500. in 1972 than ever before. similar award given by the National Car Because something about this man, some­ Why? ... well, no one has told me, not Owners Association, stimulated by his pal thing in his knowledge of racing, in his love even Tony Hulman, but I think that it is J. C. Agajanian, the veteran car owner. Sid for the sport, in his insatiable search for the because racing an aut.omoblle has something too has received the Edenburn Trophy. A pertinent fact about driver, car, owner, to do with man's fate and the brief moment good five feet in height, it stands in the mechanic, or parts engineer, has through the he can-or thinks he can--d.irect it here on Speedway Museum, flanked by such marvels years convinced untold hordes of listeners earth. Sid Collins points out that drivtng a as the Marmon Wasp which won the 500 in that you can't experience this fantastic event racing car is a solitary test of a man's heart, 1911 and the big, Wide-wheeled sinister without Sid, whether you're right there next stamina, and "the fear that is sometimes powerhouses of later years. Sid's name was to the checkered flag or half the globe re­ known as courage." The driver has five hun­ added in 1969 to a long list of racing greats moved from it. dred miles to go, against thirty-two oppo­ including Tony Hulman, Raymond Firestone Everywhere in the world where U.S. serv­ nents of highly refined abilities, men he will and Wilbur Shaw. Only one name is so hon­ ice personnel are deployed! Sid's voice will be joust with at over 200 miles per hour in the ored annually. heard describing the race as only he can. In straightaways, in traffic jams only a few Sportswriters as a breed are not much given South America and Central America, his inches away from the death whirling in the to praise of others in the reporting ga.me, broadcast will be translated into Spanish and ca.r's wheels, on turns lashed at by cen­ whether vocal or otherwise. But Jim Murray, Portuguese; in other areas, into French and trifugal force that shakes a pulverization of one of the best, whose syndicated column Italian. In Canada, fifty stations will relay man and machine against the wall down to emanates from the Los Angeles Times, has his words. The director of the network, an a matter of a slight pressure of the fingers this to say about Sid: "I guess the toughest ex-race driver himself, Elmer George, ar­ on the steering wheel. athletic event . . . to call by radio or TV ranges with AT&T for approximately 50,000 It is man's will and skill against fantastic is the Indianapolis 500 . . . It is widely be­ miles of telephone lines over which the race odds, and the penalty of a mistake is often lieved that more people know the Einstein and the four time-trial broadcasts are car­ death or injury. Somehow or other, that test Theory than were able to figure out who was ried. One of TV's highest-paid stars recently of the man alone has clung to racing while leading the 500 for the last twenty laps this chortled that he had reached forty million aircraft at their higher speeds, and the tech­ year (1966). In the first place (for the sec­ viewers on a special broadcast, highly adver­ nical ma.rvels of computers, even war itself ond yea.r in the past three) the field had been tised and promoted wt.th fantastic hoopla. as a sad soience have become mere mechani­ shriveled by two-thirds. Even before the Well, bully for him. Sid Collins can double cal equations. Every kid yearns to tinker race was really started, the air was full of it and still walk away with twenty million with a car engine and turn it into a master­ flying rivets, wheels, axles, and cars and driv­ to the good. Because the 500 is his thing­ piece of screaming power that will skim his ers were scaling fences and heading for the what Ernie Pyle called "the most exciting buggy faster across mother earth than that Ohio border on the double. They even had a event in terms of human suspense that I've of his best friend and rival. On the other traffic jam in Victory Lane at the end. Two ever known." · end of the scale, Sid Collins has an interest­ oars showed up to claim the win. One of the What has really happened here 1s that a ing observation to make: Almost all of the guys out of the 300,000 on hand who knew uniquely engrossing sports event has found a racing drivers would like to be astronauts. Graham Hill was a winner was a Speedway man who is an artist in hiis own way at mak­ But almost all of the astronauts have come fixture, a man known as 'the voice of the ing it come alive to others who share the around to the track at some time or another. 500' ..." And .Jim went on to praise Sid same deep-seated affection for the spectacle. And the funny thing is that the astronauts, for a full column. It gets down to the right man at the right fascinated as they a.re by the ca.rs, nearly all So it becomes pretty clear that our man place at the right time, and now this has say the same thing-You couldn't get me has a lot more going for him than just being happened for twenty-five years running. And into one of those ... they're too dangerous." out there on his own in front of the biggest since Sid is a big, powerful man in his prime, That's part of it, then. The enduring love sports crowd gathered in any one year at and the sport of racing and the 500 in par­ affair between Americans and the automobile. one place. One thing may be his experience, ticular are booming like never before, we It would not be wholly fair to say that the of course. Sid is a well set-up guy who wears are witnessing in his performance the crea­ efforts of Sid Collins a.lone complete the pic­ his middle years wen. But just the same he tion of an institution which seems to get ture at the Indianapolis Speedway, since started out with and survived many great better every year, and which everybody who there are hundreds of others involved who names in announcing that were s1.mila.rly has ever heard it devoutly hopes will go on contribute to that enormous accomplish­ connected with one particular sport--men into the infinite. ment. Yet he plays a key role, and it would like Bill Stern, Bill Corum, Clem McCarthy, If you are one of those wretched wights be ha.rd to talk about the 500--a!ter these Ted Husing-the Curt Gowdys and Chris who has never listened to Sid's broadcasts twenty-five years in which he has been its Schenkels of another era. No other a.nnounc- 30590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 er's voice has been so integral to and identi­ a quarter of a mile, which puts the action all of his field men: a tangle of cars here, an fied with any one sport as Sid Collin's has across two and a half miles, not a hundred unexpected pit stop there, a quick change with auto racing. yards. There are thirty-three racers out there of places on the straightaway two and a half Some of Sid's assets hark back to those at the start and it ts not long, what with en­ miles away from him across the Speedway, years. He talks with a kind of old-fashioned gine trouble, cars passing and or making pit and much, much more. authority in his somewhat courtly manner, stops, and possibly a tangle or two, before All this makes tremendous demands on the and it sits well today, when not everyone on to the neophyte the track is just one long stamina, brains, reflexes, and judgment of the air has a comparable vocabulary, backed parade of snarling cars, with no recognizable the man in the tower. (Old-timers still call by a tendency to speak for himself when he leader and no tall runner. it the "pagoda" after the Oriental-styled wants to, or believes that the broadcast will Well, Sid stands high in the tower rignt wooden tower erected by the first owner of gain by it. above the finish line ("hanging on the clouds the Speedway, Carl G. Fisher. The pagoda One of the jokes Sid has to field as grace­ by my thumbs") but on this enormous oval went down in 1958, the victim of old age, fully as he can several million times between even he cannot follow the full run of the and Sid recalls that he expected to go down races is that he has the softest job in the cars. He can see perhaps seventy-five yards up with it that year, in a losing race with its world since he works only one day a year. the straightaway to his right-where the cars vast colony of termites.} This is not precisely the case. Sid is the come slamming down towards the main Sid is up to all this or he wouldn't be there sports director of station WIBC in Indian­ stands--about 100 yards to his left as far as year after year, getting better all the time. apolis and has been for over two decades. He the first turn, and only about 15 percent of Not long out of Indiana University (where he has broadcast over 9000 consecutive nightly the pit action. Naturally he knows the track graduated as an officer of his senior class in sports programs on the station, including like the palm of his hand. In fact he drove 1944 just in time to hop into a U.S. Army calling Big Ten football and basketball games me around it in solitary splendor in his truck and go on to K.P. that evening at Fort and Olympic swimming and ice-skating trials, Caddy, not trying for speed ("Yellow is my Benjamin Harrison and the European theater not to mention Indiana's high-school basket­ racing color," he says with a grin) but still somewhat later). Sid got his first chance a.t ball tournament, where one misplaced word putting across the sight and sense of the track announcing in 1948 when they set him in that hoop-oriented Hoosier state could racing driver taking those banked (9 degrees to working the south turn, under Bill Slater well earn him a ride out of town on a rail. and 12 minutes) turns and then heavy-foot­ in the pagoda. Sid's big break came in 1950, He has shared the TV mike with people like ing it down the chute of the grandstands on when Slater took ill and Sid moved into the Garry Moore and Steve Allen. Sid is also Di­ the straightaways at better than 200 miles top spot under emergency pressures. He didn't rector of Auto Racing for radio station KLAC an liour. It is an eerie sensation and it cannot crack, and that's how the sorcerer's appren­ in Los Angeles, hotbed of the sport. Besides help but tighten up the stomach muscles a tice first got the magic wand in his land. Tony this, Sid has served as anchor man for the bit on the first time around, just at the very Hulman's faith in Sid has never wavered. nationally televised series of auto races on thought of what these men go through for Hulman shows a gentleman sportsman's reti­ the 180-st ation TVS network in New York. 200 laps, i/ they make it to the finish. (They cence in comparing Sid to other race-track He makes talks all over America and is much might as well, by the way, no matter how far announcers, but his inner message is clear. sought after as an MC and banquet toast­ back in the pack they a.re: the last man Says he with a meaningful look: "I've heard master. What it all comes down to is that usually earns at least $10,000 in the above-a.­ announcers at tracks all over the world, and Collins is a freelance sports announcer with million given out to the winner and those I would say that Sid is easily . . . er . . . a number of clients, and his heart given who are back there eating his exhaust.) one of the best." Freely translated: Sid is It. completely to on e of them, the 500. So what Sid must do is to orchestrate a Collins started out wanting to be a doctor, Tony Hulman praises Sid not only for his barrage of reports from his team of spotters during his boyhood in Indianapolis. He hus­ accomplished delivery and poise but for the out there at various vantage points on the tled in his father's store, delivered news­ mass of information the announcer has track. He has binoculars, but he needs their papers, and attended college with that in stashed away somewhere in his mind. This is eyes more. Sid's stand-in eyes and ears out view. But three years in the Army broke up probably true, but Sid denies being a walk­ there are Mike Ahearn, turn one; Howdy the pre-med pattern of study, and he became ing computer. "I really don't need to be, do Bel, turn two; Doug Zink, middle back­ a broadcaster in Kokomo, on then WKMO, I, when I can call on the greatest drivers stretch; Ron Carrell, turn three; Jim Shelton, now WIOJ. What makes Sid tick today in his and mechanics and track historians to help turn four. He handles the start and finish specialty is a gift for dramatizing racing, me out at a minute's notice , right there on straightaway himself. Chuck Marlowe patrols which he loves wholeheartedly, wit hout over­ the track?" Just the same, Sid comes to the the north pit, Luke Walton the center pit, doing it. He sees the color of it all : the pag­ track every 500 day with a two-suiter and Lou Palmer the south pit and Victory eant of 50,000 parked cars in the infield un­ crammed with his homework-histories of all Lane the minute the winner comes in. Sid der the banners of the fifty states and all the the drivers, mechanical breakdowns of the used to cover Victory Lane himself, but in nations of the world, the huge democracy of cars, dope on the mechanics, owners, the pit 1950, when the race was stopped early at the 500--millionaires and farmers, business­ crews themselves, and anything else that ex­ 345 miles by rain, he had to blast his way men and carhops, straining their eyes and perience has taught him might suddenly be­ down there in a surprise dash. "Like a horse, ears at the same spectacle-the drama of the come the focus of his broadcast, in the swirl there is a wrong side to a race car," he says, race drivers, such as one who came to the of events and accidents beyond his power to remembering that he approached winner track first as a dishwasher hoping to wind -control or manipulate. "Happily" (Sid's Johnny Parsons from the side where the up in Victory Lane. word), he does not need to call on his stash­ white-hot exhaust pipe was. The crowd forced Sid talks to all these drivers and the crews. -away library very often. To begin with, he him against it until his trousers smoked. In the month preceding the big day, he strolls has a team of experts right at his elbow. For He got out of that by bracing both feet around the garages and workpits, passing a the past fourteen years, it has included against the side of the car and pushing back casual word here and there to a friend, mak­ Freddie Agabashian-and currently Len Sut­ against the crowd with all he had. ing new contacts and learning his job from ton-both racing drivers of yore. In addition, the inside. People take to Sid. He is free and -a young Englishman named Donald Davidson Sid has a producer, Jack Morrow, but the easy, with no "side" to him at all. He has came all the way from London at his own orchestration on the broadcast is a duet of played golf with President Eisenhower, but -expense to prove that he had memorized timing-including even when to slide in a he doesn't change his manner when he's everything there was to know about the 500 commercial. He is not the one to permit a swapping remarks with a lad who's a special­ -since its inception. He had, too, to the as­ break in any action even for the sake of a ist at changing a left rear wheel, and learn­ tonishment of 500 regulars who are no paid announcement (a situation the sponsors ing how to buy seconds of time which could ·slouches themselves at that game. So he respect and condone, by the way). Collins mean a race won or lost. That same manner stayed on as a member of Sid's team. John has a couple of runners constantly check­ _gets into his broadcasting, and perhaps that de Camp, Purdue engineering graduate, han­ ing the thirty-three track "spotters" on the may be his greatest strength. Many announ­ dles statistics. tower deck below, to make sure that the cers pontificate to the world at large, or Sid Collins can use a team, despite the fact time and order of the race are known to mumble a.way to themselves. But something that in the long four-and-one-half-hour him continuously. He also has two men just about Sid's special delivery in that easy bari­ broadcast he does about 80 percent of the to keep an eye on the lead car, whatever that tone, with just a touch of a soft down-home­ talking himself. But what makes his accom­ one is, as well as another standing by in the in-Indiana accent, is one-to-one. The listener plishment border virtually on the miraculous hospital area in case news takes a sudden gets the idea that Sid is talking only to him, is that he cannot see all of the race himself shift down there. All in all, his team numbers telling how it is over a beer or so. That's (nor can anyone at the Speedway). If you are thirty-five members, every last man dedicated what glues GI's in North African stations to oriented to the sight of a football stadium to getting the right news to Sid as it hap­ the radios in their tents when the tempera­ holding say, 100,000 spectators and thinking pens. The decisions are entirely up to him. ture is 106 in the shade, and sailors on Ber­ of this as being something pretty big, the Even as he is broadcasting his topic of the ing Straits icebreakers to their earphones, Indianapolis Speedway will set your sights moment-he cannot talk about the lead car when Sid is giving out with the 500 dope. agoggllng. The stands hold 200,000, and the for the entire !our hours of the race, of One hundred mlliion listeners. The post­ sections on the backstretch are merely a blur course, and must take side excursions into marks of the mail received include one from as seen from the finish line, more than a cou­ interviews, racing anecdotes, personal sides of a submerged submarine, and range to Dennis ple of miles away. -The straightaways are each the drivers, and the like-he must keep flick­ Hulme, a fan listening in Australia. And all a mile long, and the turns at the ends each ing his eyes at communiques coming in from in the palm of his hand. September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30591 Most of us can tell our entire life history in to find a minister so quickly to speak those This is not to say or even suggest that five minutes and the rest of what we know words-they could hardly credit a broad­ the parents of the young blonde and in about eight to ten minutes more. It's sur­ caster with such spiritual eloquence. One brunette athletes who represented the prising how much you can say in sixty sec­ hardbitten curmudgeon accused Sid of hav­ onds, and how long just a twenty-minute ing prepared thirty-three such eulogies in Soviet Union in the Olympics are in con­ spiel on any subject can be. But four and advance, one for each driver, to produce at trol of the Soviet Government-actually one-half hours of it! Perhaps Sid's greatest such a moment! But Sid needs no prepara­ they have less voice and chance in Mos­ test came in 1964. To begin with, he had tion to speak from the heart. He does it all cow politics than do their distant cousins developed a temperature of 102 and a sore the time, on and off the track. That day in the U.S.A. here in Washington-but throat the day before the race. He lost his he and his staff had to talk for six hours it does suggest that in individual com­ voice, in fact, and had to walk around With straight, two hours of improvisation with petition they must distinguish themselves a card asking people not to make him talk. Agabashian over a race red-flagged to a He managed to squeak out the first hushed halt for the first time in the 500's to the great disappointment of the So­ few minutes of the race. Which is in itself history. After six hours of steady broadcast­ viet egalitarians. not easy .. Sid confesses that every time Tony ing, they wrapped up the marathon broad­ A genetic study of the classless, race­ Hulman intones that heart-stirring com­ cast at last at 4:27. Sid had been on :3ince less Soviet Union in conjunction with the mand-"Gentlemen, start your engines!"­ 10: 30. Psychologists please note: at 4: 30, his Soviet Olympic team must prove most he is so greatly moved he has all he can do sore throat was gone. embarrassing to the environmentalists. to announce the start and then quickly He smiles often and easily. One time the I include a recent editorial by Mr. Ned throw the switch to Ahearn on the first turn. joke was on him (or perhaps not), having Touchstone, editor of the Councilor, 1827 "Then professionalism takes over," and he to do with his little habit of dreaming the rolls through the rest of the race in stride. winner of the 500 and placing the name in a Texas Avenue, Shreveport, La., following 1964 demanded his all, however. Sick and sealed envelope before the race. He correct­ my remarks along with a selected portion shaky already from his lllness, and just hop­ ly dreamed Walla.rd in '51, Ward in '59, and of a Senate Judiciary Committee print ing to get through the day. And then it hap­ Andretti in '69. Sid psyched the Andretti entitled "The Soviet Empire: A Study in pened. On the second lap there was a gigant ic prediction a bit and broke his rule of secrecy Discrimination and Abuse of Power": pile up coming out of the Number 4 turn. by announcing at a dinner two weeks before One by one the cars emerged to tool down 0LYMPICS BE'IRAY T1tUTH ABOUT SOVIET UNION the race that he had dreamed of Andretti AND RACE the track. The cries went up in the grand­ as the winner. Mario himself was in the stand: "There's Foyt !-There's Unser!­ audience that evening. That gave Sid some­ MuNICH.-The Soviet Union and the Com­ They're OK! They made it ..." thing of a name as a dreamboat. And so the munist Party lead the world in claiming that But two were missing. Driver Eddie Sachs next year he was beseiged by drivers asking racial distinctions are only skin deep. and Dave McDonald were fatally injured in him to divulge who it was he had dreamed But tens of millions of television viewers the accident. about this time. Sid obliged, with his char­ saw the hypocrisy of these claims as Soviet Now, Sid knew Eddie a long time as a acteristic wide grin: "Raquel Welch." athletes performed in the Olympics. Members friend, a man everyone loved, the so-called Unlike other sportscasters, Sid always signs of the Red team failed to reflect the wide "clown prince of racing." The race was off quoting a serious thought or a bit of range of tribes and races which comprise the halted. After the announcement there was poetry, dedicating it to the Indianapolis 500 230 m1llion or so inhabitants of the USSR. not a sound in the stands. Men took off thei!' winner. Among many he has used over the Take for instance the Soviet Union's gym­ hats. People were weeping. Sid closed his years was this by Henry David Thoreau: nastic team which walked off with top hon­ eyes, picked up his mike, and spoke softly "If one advances confidently in the direc­ ors. Russia is a land in which t here are far into it. This is what he ad libbed, in part. tion of his dreams and endeavors to live the more dark visaged people than blondes or "Some men try to conquer life in a num­ life which he has imagined, he will meet with brown-haired people. Yet the Soviet cham­ ber of ways. In these days of our outer-space a success unexpected." pions seen on TV screens around the world attempts, some men try to conquer the uni­ It would appear that those words can be were far more Nordic or Germanic than a verse. Race drivers are courageous men who applied to Sid Collins. cross-section of the population of the North­ try to conquer life and death. They calculate eastern United States. The Soviet girls closely their risks and in our talking with them resembled the Scandinavian girls one might over the years. I think we know their inner find at the University of Minnesota, or the thoughts. In regard to racing, they take it as Scots-Irish (Ulster) lassies of the University a part of living. THE SOVIET OLYMPIC TEAM­ of Alabama. "The race driver who leaves this earth A STUDY IN GENETICS The Soviet Union follows the lead of the mentally when he straps himself into the USA in selection of astronauts, also. Virtu­ cockpit, to try for what is to him the biggest ally all of the Soviet astronauts have been conquest he can make, is aware o! the odds­ and Eddie Sachs played the odds. He was HON. JOHN R. RARICK of stock similar to USA astronauts. serious and frivolous ... he was fun ... he The Nordic-Germanic people of the USSR OF LOUISIANA do not control the Soviet government. They was a wonderful gentleman. ~e took much needling and gave much needling and just as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have even less voice in Moscow politics than do their distant cousins in the USA in Wash­ the astronauts do perhaps, these boys on the Wednesday, September 13, 1972 race track ask no quarter and they give ington. none. If they succeed they're heroes, and if Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, while the Part of the fair people of the USSR are they fail, they have tried and it was Eddie's final total gave the Soviets an Olympic descended from Germans who settled in the desire, I am sure, and his will to try with victory in team points, the televised ac­ Volga Valley in the 18th century at the in­ everything he had, which he al ways did. tivities were most revealing. vitation of Catherine the Great. "So the only healthy way perhaps we can Other groups in Russia include the com­ The Communists repeatedly call them­ mercially and politically talented Khazars; approach the tragedy of the loss of a friend selves a Union of Socialist Republics, like Eddie Sachs is to know that he would Mongol Tatars; Kazaks; Kalmyks; Turkic have wanted us to face it as he did ... as it which supposedly comprise a wide range Uzbeks; Kirghiz; Georgians; Armenians; has happened . . . not as we wish it would of races, tribes, and ethnic groups. But Byelorussians; Slavs; Koreans; Chinese; have happened ... We're all speeding toward the Soviet champions seen on the world's Lapps; and Ukrainians. death at the rate of sixty minutes every TV screens were far more Nordic or Red propagandists in the USA constantly hour--only difference is that we don't know Germanic than even a cross section of press for intermarriage of races, but have a how to speed and Eddie Sachs did. And so, the population of the Northeast United double standard on this subject in the since death has a thousand or more doors, States. USSR. Lenin entertained the "melting pot" Eddie Sachs exits this earth in a race car, and idea when he came to power 50 years ago. knowing Eddie, I assume that is the way he Missing in the Soviet team representa­ But he abandoned the scheme when it be­ would have wanted it. tion were individuals readily identified came apparent that Red Russia would need "Bryon said, 'Whom the Gods love die as Mongol Tatars, Kazaks, Kalmyks, all the vigor and cultural vitality that it young' . . . Eddie was thirty-seven. To his Turkic Uzbeks, Kirghiz, Georgians, Ar­ could get--and mongrelized nations such as widow Nancy and to his two children, we ex­ menians, Slavs, Koreans, Chinese, Lapps, Egypt, Brazil and India have historically tend our extreme sympathy and regret. This and Ukrainians. faded in direct relation to mongrellzation. boy won the pole in 1961 and 1962 ... and On the contrary, the blonde and bru­ (EDITOR'S NOTE.-When I was briefly held was a proud race driver. nette Soviet women participants more captive by the 29th Soviet Army in July, 1946 "Well, as we do at Indianapolis and in rac­ I noted that the privates were Asiatics, some ing, the race continues ... unfortunately to­ closely resembled the Scandanivian of the non-coms were Slavics, the junior om­ day without Eddie Sachs." American girls one would expect to find cers were Nordics and the political officers After the race 30,000 letters poured in to at the University of Minnesota or the were Khazars. Their female camp followers Sid acclaiming his eulogy and/or asking for Scotch-Irish American belles of the Uni­ looked like a cross between a Mack truck a copy. Some wondered how he had been able versity of Alabama. and an Eskimo.) 30592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 (89th Con., first Sess., committee print] national, Inc., which has helped millions Percent THE SOVIET EMPIRE: A STUDY IN DIS­ Republic and nationality Population distribution of people the world over to conquer their CRIMINATION AND ABUSE OF POWER weight problem. (Prepared by the Legislative Reference Serv­ Georgia S.S.R ______4,044 100.0 Characteristic of its acknowledged ice, Library of Congress, at the request of leadership, Weight Watchers recently the Subcommittee to Investigate the Ad­ Georgian ______------___ _ 2, 601 64.3 Osetin ______------____ _ introduced a new weight reduction pro­ ministration of the Internal Security Act Abkhaz ______141 3. 5 and Other Internal Security Laws of the 63 1.6 gram, the result of the most advanced Armenian ______443 11. 0 scientific information available on Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate) Russian ______408 10. 1 Azerbaidzhan ______154 3.8 health, nutrition, and the causes of APPENDIX C Greek ______73 1.8 obesity. Ukrainian ______52 1. 3 NATIONALITY COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE Jewish ______------__ ------52 1. 3 Perhaps the most significant feature Ku rd ______------U.S.S.R., BY REPUBLIC , JAN. 15, 1959 Other ______16 .4 of the new program is that members of 41 1.0 Weight Watchers now are permitted to [Population figures in thousands) Azerbaidzhan S.S.R ______3,698 100.0 eat, in moderation, such formerly Azerbaidzhan ______------__ _ "taboo" foods as spaghetti, macaroni, Percent Russian ______2, 494 67.4 Republic and nationality Population distribution 501 13. 5 potatoes, and cereals. Armenian ______442 12. 0 However, because of Weight Watchers' Lezgin ______------2. 7 0th er ______98 117, 534 163 4.4 efforts in reeducating members' eating R.S.F.S.R ___ ------______100. 0 habits, foods such as these can be han­ Russian ______97, 864 83. 3 Lithuanian S.S.R ______2, 711 100. 0 dled intelligently, yet with the same Tatar ______------4, 075 3. 5 Lithuanian ______Ukrainian ______3, 359 2. 9 2, 151 79. 3 determination to get rid of unwanted Chuvash .. ______------1,436 1. 2 Russian ______231 8. 5 pounds. Mordvian ______1, 211 1.0 Polish. ______------______230 8.5 Bashki ______- Byelorussian ______Although this program was introduced 954 . 8 Jewish ______30 1.1 Jewish ______---- ___ -- __ _ 875 • 7 25 . 9 a few months ago, I am told it already Byelorussian . ______Ukrainian ______844 • 7 Other ______18 . 7 German ______--- __ _ 820 .7 26 1. 0 has met with success in many cases, and Peoples of Dagestan ______797 • 7 that people are turning in increasing Udmurt______616 . 5 Moldavian S.S.R ______2, 885 100. 0 Mari. . ______numbers to Weight Watchers for help 498 .4 Moldavian ______Komi and Komi-Permyak ______426 .4 1, 887 65. 4 in getting rid of excess weight. Ukrainian ______14.6 Kazakh ______------382 . 3 Russian ______421 Jean Nidetch, founder and president Armenian ______256 .2 293 10.2 Gagauz ______------______----- of Weight Watchers; Albert Lippert, Buryat_ __ ------__ ------252 .2 96 3.3 Osetin ______- Jewish ______------__ ------__ _ 95 3.3 248 .2 Bulgarian ______board chairman and chief executive offi­ Yakut. _------236 .2 Other ______62 2.1 Karbardin ______------201 .2 31 1.1 cer and Mrs. Felice Lippert, secretary Karelian ______----- 164 . 1 Latvian S.S.R ______and director of food research, Dr. Wil­ Peoples of the North ______126 . 1 2, 093 100. 0 Polish ______-- ______- _- - - -- liam H. Sebren, Jr., medical adviser and 118 • 1 Latvian ______------_ 101 • 1 Russian ______l, 298 62.0 Fay Burnett, nutritionist, merit special 100 .1 556 26.6 commendation for the role they have ~~~rli~"=Korean ______======_____======______== == _ 91 • 1 Byelorussian ______------____ ----- 62 3.0 Adygey ______------79 .1 Polish ______------60 2. 9 played in the development of this new Jewish ______------_ 37 1. 8 Gypsy ______------72 • 1 Lithuanian ______program, and for their continuing efforts Finnish ______- _- - - 72 . 1 32 1. 5 Ukrainian ______------_ to enhance Weight Watchers' position in Azerbaidzhan ______------71 • 1 Other ______29 1.4 Moldavian ______62 . 1 19 .9 the weight control field. Georgian ______58 (1) Kirgiz s.s.R ______======Khakas ______56 (1) 2, 066 100. 0 Greek ______--- _- __ ------47 (1) Altay _____ -- ______------45 (1) Kirgiz. •• ___ ------__ ------837 40.5 Other ______922 . 8 Russian ______------______624 30. 2 Uzbek __ ------__ ------219 10.6 WATER DESALINATION Ukrainian S.S.R ______41, 869 100. 0 Ukrainian ___ ------______-- _ 137 6.6 Tatar______------__ ------56 2. 7 Kazakh •• ______Ukrainian ______32, 158 76.8 20 1.0 Russian ______-- ____ - __ 7, 091 16. 9 Tadzhik. ___ ------15 .7 HON. JOHN J. RHODES Jewish ______-- __ ------840 2. 0 Polish ______----_ ------363 . 9 OF ARIZONA Byelorussian ______291 . 7 1 Less than 0.5 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Moldavian __ ------__ 242 .6 Bulgarian ______- ___ - 219 . 5 Wednesday, September 13, 1972 Hungarian ______------149 .4 Greek ______104 .2 Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I recently Rumanian ______101 .2 GOOD HEALTH AND WEIGHT Other ______-- ______311 . 7 had the opportunity to read an editorial ======WATCHING from the San Mateo Times and Daily Byelorussian S.S.R ______8, 055 100. 0 News Leader. ~~~~~~~~ Byelorussian ______6, 532 81.1 The editorial comments on water re­ Russian ______659 8. 2 HON. EDWARD I. KOCH sources and our efforts to research eco­ Polish ______539 6. 7 Jewish ______150 1. 9 OF NEW YORK nomically feasible desalting methods. Ukrainian ______--_- _- _- _- - - 133 1. 7 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I urge my colleagues to give it their Other ______---- __ ------42 . 5 ======Wednesday, September 13, 1972 consideration. Uzbek S.S.R______8, 106 100. 0 WATER DESALTING METHODS NEED SPEEDING UP ~~~~~~~~ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, one of the Uzbek •• ______- _------5,038 62. 2 Most of the United States is abundantly Russian ______- __ 1, 091 13. 5 most pervasive needs throughout our endowed with water resources. Only a few Tatar ______------445 5. 5 country is for programs to assure the Kazakh ______--- ____ _ states and some of the larger metropolitan 335 4. 1 health and well-being of our people. areas are greatly concerned about present Tadzhik __------311 3. 8 Karakalpak ___ ------______168 2. 1 Indeed, the fact that this country's supplies. Korean ______138 1. 7 But what of the future, after the popula­ Jewish ______"health bill" every year runs into the 94 1. 2 tens of billions of dollars offers ample tion has doubled and industrial water re­ Ki rgiz ______--_------93 1.1 quirements have multiplied several times? Ukrainian ______------88 1.1 evidence that ours is a health-conscious A number of desalting operations are under­ Turkmen ______------55 . 7 society. Other ______---- _------2~ 3. 1 way to tap the endless resources of the As one who has long been concerned Kazakh S.S.R ______======oceans, but none as yet operates efficiently 9,310 100.0 with efforts to improve health care, I enough to supply commercial water needs Kazakh ______--- __ - 2, 795 30. 0 am mindful of the relationship of obesity economically. Russian ______3, 974 42. 7 to both physical and mental health, I Starvation, abetted by arid land incapable Ukrainian ______---- ___ - --- 762 8. 2 of producing any living thing, ls a serious Tatar ______-- _------192 2. 1 believe we should recognize programs Uzbek ______------____ _ 137 1. 5 designed to help the "overweight Amer­ problem in large parts of Asia and smaller Byelorussian ______------107 1. 1 sections of Europe, Africa and Latin Amer­ Korean ______74 .8 ican." ica. Population growth, attempts to improve Uygur ____ ------____ _ 60 . 6 An organization that has made a standards of living in undeveloped lands­ Polish ______53 .6 Dungan ______--______- 10 . 1 significant contribution in the weight and the geometric growth of food require­ Other __ ------1, 146 12. 3 control field is Weight Watchers Inter- ments caused by both-will falter on a lack September 13, 19 ?2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30593 of adequate water 1f a major breakthrough in ing, away from confidence in "what's right payroll taxes by executive order is headed desalting processes does not come soon. with America" and towards anx~ety about towards a 1973 day of reckoning. The anemic All other problems concerned with bring­ "what's wrong with America.'• One issue is erosion of the stock market is fl.ashing a ing water to people who need it at low cost claiming priority over all the rest. historic signal that Nixon is still fiddling add up to little compared to the struggle to Where is the money coming from? is now while the dollar is already burning. tap earth's mightiest reserves. A break­ the big question America is on trial to McGovern's "Mills move" represents his through in this area would be one of the answer before she c.an dare move forward first coup scored at Nixon's expense. As the richest scientific gifts of the century. to her rendezvous with destiny, domestically baseball writers say of a hitter in a slump, or internationally. The more America. now "he was overdue for a hit." I spoke on the comes under pressure and the more America phone to chairman Mills after McGovern had now feels inspired or obliged to do--morally, hit the news stream with his indication that "MILLS MOVE" IS McGOVERN'S socially, educationally, economically, mili­ he had opened a hot line to Mills and with FffiST COUP tarily and diplomatically-the more she will his promise to the country-and, indeed, to feel the need to do financially. the outside world-that he wants to continue Wilbur Mills is universally recognized and using it. By way of hello, I said "Not just HON. LESTER L. WOLFF respected as "Mr. Money"-and not just in one title, but two, came your way today. Mr. Third Force is the second one. And that's OF NEW YORK the conventional sense of the fiscal responsi­ bility he personifies. In the direction of Amer­ the important one. Now there are three top IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ica's humanitarian commitment, his respon­ names in the national picture-Nixon's, Mc­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 sibilities range from keeping the Social Se­ Govern's and yours." curity dollars coming to guaranteeing their My twin premise is that America's crisis Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, few men integrity. In the direction of America's pur­ of political leadership has already exploded are more celebrated in this body than suit of enlightened self-interest, his responsi­ into one of financial management and that the distinguished chairman of the Com­ bilities encompass the problem of trading her time is now ticking a.way against the chances mittee on Ways and Means, Mr. MILLS. way back into competitiveness in the world of avoiding world monetary collapse and His particular genius has served as the and arranging for the world to trade itself on domestic financial chaos. Accordingly, it is towards the peace and prosperity which only my judgment that the most urgent order occasion for more than a few provoca­ a revived international dollar can under­ of business pending for the debtor in White tive essays. Eliot Janeway, one of Amer­ write. House residence, whether Nixon or McGovern, ica's leading economist, has just written Of course, Sen. McGovern hardly discover­ is to arrive at what the bankruptcy lawyers for N ewsday, the Long Island newspa­ ed the wheel, so to speak, in converting the call a "composition" of obligations outstand­ per, one of the more interesting essays old liability represented by his theoretical ing with receiver Mills. Without this, no new about Mr. MILLS and his magic. It is an economic package into the practical new recommendations will be relevant, and all of I asset personified by his "Mills move." The them will add up either to self-serving par­ essay think well worth reading, for it tisanship or to self-indulgent daisy-picking. honors Mr. MILLS, something that vir­ pressure on both candidates to continue making a. "Mills move" is surely bipartisan. Ironically, the points McGovern scored tually all of us believe in doing. After all, the appropriate authority for any­ with his "Mills move" and the point-gap in The essay follows: one with a brain tumor to consult is a brain the polls he will now begin to close as a VIEWPOINTS: "MILLS MOVE" Is McGOVERN'S surgeon, not a chiropodist. A bankruptcy result of it depends more on Mills remaining FmsT COUP calls for a receiver. This is now the role that operative in his receivership on Capitol Hill (By Eliot Janeway) has been thrust on Mills by the bankruptcy than on Mills doing more than considering Uncle Sam has thrust on himself. this effective new challenge McGovern has When George McGovern came to Wall at last offered to Nixon. Street this week, his campaign was limping. Ever since the fiscal bankruptcy of govern­ The burden of carrying his controversial ment in America at all levels surfaced and economic program has become too heavy for began its cancerous compounding, I have any presidentia.l candidate to explain and been calling attention to this new role for still stay on the right side of the well-known Mills. I have been at pains particularly to ex­ MAJOR FEDERAL COLLEGE plausibility gap. plain that the dollar-holding powers now AID PROGRAMS But by the time McGovern faced back to­ hold the U.S. Treasury in pawn by virtue of wards Main Street later that afternoon, his financing its out-of-hand deficits. I have also campaign was off and running again. Hard been reporting that they now look to Mills to HON. CHARLES A. YANIK evidence was reassuring his dismayed and take the lead in staving off the catastrophe OF OHIO demoralized followers that his a.ma.teurishly of another world monetary crisis, before IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conceived and amateurishly presented cam­ America's staggering rate of overseas bor­ paign had belatedly hit bottom and was at rowing breaks her foreign bankers too. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 last beginning to bounce back. At the turn of the year, Newsday included Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, during the The ~eason surfaced with the headlines me on the roster of "the nation's leading economists" to whom it put the question, "If past few weeks, my office has been del­ he made. To be sure, the net of his populist uged with calls and letters concerning text left him free to reassure his academic I were President Nixon, I'd . . . " The answer economic advisers that he was still 1,000 per I offered differed from the other recom­ the need for financial assistance for cent behind the package of proposals they mendations by rising above the level of issues meeting the expenses of higher educa­ had la.ced together for him. But he himself and coming to grips with the personalities tion. There has been a great deal of con­ was quick to acknowledge that he could behind them. fusion as to the details and impact of credit the big plus he scored not to any Where Galbraith, Okun, Samuelson, Fried­ the new 1972 Higher Education Amend­ vague and theoretical new deal he had been man and the others still judged the crisis of ments. Many families have found it very proposing, but to a very specific and practi­ fiscal bankruptcy and monetary instability difficult to discover exactly what assist­ cal new deal he wa.s advertising his intent controllable enough for progr.ammatic rec­ ance is available to help meet their fam­ 1x> make. ommendations to be relevant, my answer The pragmatic test for his new political assumed that time was no longer working on ily's particular educational and training deal was what Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the side of stability. "If I were President needs. It is my hope that the fallowing in his day, liked to describe as "iffy." Only Nixon," I accordingly wrote, "I would call information will provide valuable infor­ if McGovern won would he have a chance to up Wilbur Mills personally and ask him 1f mation to help clear up much of the ex­ do anything about this new deal he was pro­ I could come over and have a drink with him. isting confusion and assist in family edu­ posing; and then, only if he could persuade If Nixon can't make his problems with cation planning for the future. the able and powerful man to whom he was Mills negotiable, he will never come to grips The choice of a college or vocational making the offer to go along with it. Mean­ with the money problems blooming before school should not be based on cost alone while, however, the mere fact of his remain­ hlin. ing general about his origin.al proposals and President Nixon has yet to try. In his but on career objectives. The future of getting specific a.bout the most important capacity as the incumbent candidate, he is this country and its productivity is de­ negotiating relationship confronting him running very scared of the euphoria of his pendent on the talent of our young peo­ gave him his lift. supporters. But in his capacity as chief ple. A country that does not attempt to His promise to offer the secretaryship of executive, he is opera,ting under a spell of provide educational opportunity com­ the Treasury to Chairman Wilbur Mills of the comparable complacence. The first cost of his mensurate with talent or desire is House Ways and Means Committee did more spiraling-out-of-hand deficit is already being doomed to die from within. tha.n turn his half-f'8.l'cical campaign seri­ levied by the inexorable upward creep of in­ The information follows: ous. It turned the aimless, listless and point­ terest rates. The inescapability of higher tax less contest between the two candidates seri­ rates, too, is depriving America of her choice FOUR MAJOR FEDERAL EDUCATION AND TRAIN­ ous. of either horn of the inflationary dilemma. ING Am PROGRAMS PRESENTLY IN EFFECT Many issues at many levels a.re plaguing Both dire consequences await her once the General information on Four Major Aid the American people. At the rate a.t which season for campaign oratory is over. Programs: the nation.al mood is ''tilting,'' as deputy The explosive issue of 1972's illegal and, ( 1) Eligibility for all student assistance President Henry Kissinger is given to say- indeed, unconstitutional overwithholding of programs is extended to half-time students. 30594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 (2) Accredited post-secondary voca.tiona.1 and textbook allowance for military courses. tion from campus professor of aerospace school a.nd accredited public a.nd private in­ In the third and fourth year, he also receives studies or Air Force ROTC, Maxwell Air Force stitutions a.re eligible for these programs. $50 a month. A number of full scholarships Base, Alabama, 23112. (3) Students a.re required to sign a.mda.vits are available especially for those interested Navy: Approximately 2,000 new scholar­ stating that the funds wlll go for educational in science. ships. Deadline for applications, November expenses. Notes: During normal course of study stu­ 1, 1972. Information and forms available from Title 1: Direct loans (NDEA). dent takes a number of military science NROTC, Navy Recruiting Command, Depart­ Eligibility: Based on need. courses during a 2-year or 4-year program, ment of the Navy, Washington, D.C., 20370. Assistance: Loans up to $2,500 tota.1 ma.y and attends 1 summer ca.mp, and at gradua­ In return, a student who accepts this be made during the first two yea.rs45,000 tion is commissioned a 2nd lieutenant or an scholarship assistance pledges to serve four ceiling for four years. $10,000 aggregate for ensign. Obligation is up to 6 years' service in years of active duty a.s an officer after gradu­ graduate students (including undergraduate Active and Reserve units. ation-longer if he enters flight training loans). Title 3: College-level education programs. with the Air Force, Navy, or Marin es. Notes: Payment of principal plus 3% in­ Eligibility: All military personnel on terest begins within one year of completion active duty. MAJOR NON-FEDERAL UNDERGRADUATE of studies. Assistance: Most programs incude full pay SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOANS Title 2: College Work Study. and allowances for college expenses. Title: National Merit Schol•arships. Eligibility: Schools select students who Notes: Programs a.re usually based on re­ Eligibility: Any high school student can be demonstrate need. quirements in the various specialties and eligible by ta.king the NMSQT (National Merit Assistance: School decides the type of job personnel so educated acquire obligated serv­ Scholarship Qualifying Test) in March of his and rate of pay. ice for the time spent in school. junior year. Title 3: Guaranteed Student Loan. Title 4: Career Training. Assistance: Merit Scholars receive stipends Eligibility: A Student whose family's ad­ Eligibility: All military personnel on ac­ ranging from an honorary $100 to a maxi­ justed gross income is below $15,000; or a stu­ tive duty. mum $1500 per year--after a student quali­ dent with a.n adjusted gross income above Assistance: At both the omcer and en­ fies, the degree of need determines the $15,000 who can establish need. listed level, the serviceman receives career stipend. Assistance: Loan limits a.re $500 per year, schooling or on-the-job training to assist Notes: For further information contact: with total limits of $7,500. him with career progression in his military National Merit Corporation, 990 Grove Street, Notes: In March of 1973, new regulations specialty. Evanston, Illinois 60201. may be issued on this program, raising the Notes: Much of this training is civilian Ti.tie: National Honor Society Scholarships. family income and loan limitation. convertible in v·arious technical and pro­ Eligibility: A student must be a member Title 4: Educational Opportunity Grants. fessional occupational areas. The training in­ of the NHS in his school and must be selected Eligibillty: Enrolled students in good cludes courses ranging from the elementary as a semi-finalist on the basis of scores on standing and in such need that they could to the college level. the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test. not continue their education without such a. Title 5: General education programs. Assistance: National Honor Society Schol­ grant. Eligibility: All military personnel on ac­ arships range in value from $500 to $6000. Assistance: Maximum grant $1 ,500, but no tive duty. Notes: For further information contact student could get more than $4,000 during 4 Assistance: All the services have programs high school counselor. years (or $5,000 under special circumstances). to provide voluntary educational opportuni­ Ti·tle: Unit ed Student Aid Funds. Notes: See your financial aid omcer at your ~ies to all personnel, regardless of their as­ Eligibility: Undergraduates may borrow up school.1 signment, through which they may raise to a maximum of $1000 per year~total Basi c Educational Opportunity Grants their educational level and their value to the service. amount of loans for one student may not such sums as ma.y be necessary are author­ exceed $6000. ized through fiscal year 1975 for a. new pro­ Notes: These opportunities extend from Assistance: Student must have completed gram of basic educational opportunity grants elementary school to graduate degree pro­ his freshman year, have need, be enrolled in grams and include a. wide variety of school­ one of 900 colleges--parent or guardian must for all students, not just those of exceptional ing: group study classes on the military sta­ need. Such grants cannot exceed 50 percent tion, courses offered by local high schools and approve application if the studerut is under of the actual cost of attendance at an in­ 21. accredited colleges on station and in the Notes: For further information contact: stitution and cannot be more than $1,400 per civilian community, service, and U.S. Armed student per year minus the student's ex­ United Student Aid Funds, 5259 North Ta­ Forces Institute correspondence courses, and coma Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220. pected family contribution. Basic grants can­ correspondence courses offered by almost 50 not exceed the difference between the family universities and colleges through the insti­ contribution and the actual cost of attend­ tute. Services also make their correspondence ance at the institution. In the event appro­ courses available to personnel on inactive priations are insumcient to meet full entitle­ duty. ment, then basic grants cannot exceed one­ SILVER ANNIVERSARY Title 6: Armed Forces tuition assistance. CELEBRATION half the student's actual need, unless the ap­ Eligibility: All military personnel on ac­ propriation a.mounts to 75 percent or more of tive duty. full entitlement, in which case the grant can­ Assistance: The services offer up to 75 % of not exceed 60 percent of the student's a.ctua.l tuition assistance for off-duty study. HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER need. For less than full-time students, the Notes: Personnel may use this program to OF MASSACHUSETTS basic educational opportunity grant is pro­ advance themselves in areas not necessarily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portionately reduced. tied to their military specialty. Obligation: 2 years' further service for officers, none for Wednesday, September 13, 1972 MILITARY AsSISTANCE IN EDUCATION AND enlisted personnel. TRAINING Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. The Air Force, Army and Navy will award Speaker, the Arnold Greene Testing Lab­ Title 1: Military academies: Army, Navy, 6,300 new ROTC scholarships for the 1973- Air Force. 74 college year on the basis of applications oratories, Inc., headquartered in Natick, Eligibillty: Single males, 17 to 22, high in the weeks just ahead. In all, 19,000 stu­ Mass. with branches in Springfield, school graduates, meeting various physical dents will receive financial aid, including Everett, and Auburn, Mass., Warwick, and qualifying test requirements. renewals. R.I., and Puerto Rico, is one of the Na­ Assistance: 4-yea.r courses leading to B.S. ROTC scholarships. The successful appli­ tion's leading, independent, gener~l test­ with tuition, room, board, a.nd salary sup­ cants wlll have their tuition, fees and costs ing companies for industry, as well as an plied. of books pa.id to participating R.0.T.C. col­ Notes: There is a 5-year service obligation. active member of the American Coun­ leges they attend, and will receive $100 a. cil of Independent Laboratories. Although not mllita.ry academies, the Coast month toward room and board. At an ex­ Guard and Merchant Marine have similar pensive university, a scholarship could be It is currently celebrating a silver an­ institutions. worth up to $16,000, over the four years to niversary in the Commonwealth of Mas­ Title 2: Reserve Officers Training Corps: graduation. sachusetts with a year-long program and Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine. Highlights on scholarships, by branch of also recently received a "Faith in Mas­ Eligibillty: Meet age, physical, and quall­ service: sachusetts" Award from the Massachu­ fying test requirements. Army: About 2,200 new scholarships. in­ Eligibility: The student receives uniforms setts Department of Commerce and De­ cluding some for two and three years. Dead­ velopment. line for applications, December 31, 1972. In Information and forms from Army ROTC on an era when the role of independent 1 In September of 1973 the new Basic Edu­ testing laboratories is so vital to con­ cational Opportunity Grants program is ex­ campus or from Army ROTC, Fort Monroe, pected to be in effect. The following is a Virginia, 23351. sumers, the public interest and environ­ description of the newly-defined program Air Force: 2,100 new scholarships, includ­ mental betterment, I am very pleased to that is not yet in effect but may be in effect ing some for two and three years. Applica­ insert the text of a letter to Mr. Arnold in September 1973: tions deadline, November 15, 1972. Informs.- Greene of Newton, Mass., president and September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30595 fonnder of the firm, from Gov. Francis A I reviewed the requirements of the We believe it ls equally manifest that the W. Sargent of Massachusetts, who very Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Commissioner has no legal authority to and the intent of Congress, it appeared vitiate or modify the operation of these .adequately expresses my own feelings. statutory provisions. The Commissioner's THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, clear to me that the DES premixes, and authority and discretion under section Boston, May 25, 1972. the animal feeds containing them, had 512(e) (1) (B) is limited to the determination ARNOLD GREENE, become adulterated \Vithin the meaning of whether or not a condition for withdrawal President, The Arnold Greene Testing Lab­ of the law and, therefore, could not be of approval specified therein is presented. If oratories, Inc., Natick, Mass. shipped in interstate commerce aE of the it is, the Commissioner "shall • • • Issue an DEAR MR. GREENE: I am pleased to convey effective date of FDA's order withdraw­ order withdrawing approval • • • ." There is the congratulations of the Commonwealth, ing approval of the new animal drug nothing in section 512, or in any other pro­ as well as my own, upon the occasion of the vision of the Act, expressly or implicitly au­ Open House on May 25 , which highlights the applications for those premixes. thorizing the Commissioner to withdraw Silver Anniversary Celebration of the Arnold In addressing the House on August 7, approval for some purposes but not for Greene Testing Laboratories, Inc. 1972, I questioned the authority and dis­ others; or to delimit which legal con­ In sending my best wishes to those present cretion of the Commissioner to allow sequences of withdrawal shall take effect. On for the events, I would particularly like to continued interstate shipment and use the contrary, the legal consequences of with­ call attention to your important role in of animal drugs after approval of their drawal specifically set forth in sections establishing the highest standards of prac­ 512(a), 501and402 of the Act arise by opera­ tice for laboratories in New England. I am new drug applications haci been revoked. Subsequently, on August 15, 1972, the tion of law. Thus the Commissioner has no also most grateful for your confidence in the function or authority, discretionary or other­ economy of Massachusetts, as reflected in subcommittee which I chair held a pub­ wise, With respect to these effects. your expansion in Springfield, Everett and lic hearing on this matter. Auburn. In opening that hea1ing, I stated: To summarize-the Comptroller Gen­ Sincerely, As I understand it, the DES premixes are eral, in responding to three specific ques­ FRANCIS W. SARGENT, new animal drugs and ur.til this month were tions I raised, concluded that: Governor. covered by approved animal new drug ap­ !irst. The existing stocks of DES pre­ plications, as required by law. They were rmxes are now deemed to be nnsafe new legally on the market. But their status was animal drugs and therefore adulterated completely changed with the publication of COMPTROLLER GENERAL FINDS the July 31, 1972, order withdrawing the ap­ within the meaning of the act. THAT CONTINUED SHIPMENT OF proval of these N.A.D.A.'s. It would appear Second. Shipment of existing stocks DES PREMIXES IS ILLEGAL that the premixes were converted by this would violate the prohibitions in chap­ order from legal new animal drugs to new ter III .of the Federal Food, Drug, and animal drugs which must now be deemed Cosmetic Act against the interstate to be unsafe and adulterated Within the shipment of an adulterated drug and HON. L. H. FOUNTAIN meaning of Section 501(a, (5). OF NORTH CAROLINA against the use of any substance which We will explore this more fully in ques­ would cause adulteration of a food or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tioning. If they are indeed adulterated in drug after it had been received in inter­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 this way, it would further appear that their continued shipment in interstate commerce state commerce and while held for sale. Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, I have is expressly prohibited by Section 301 (a) , Third. FDA withdrawal of approval of just received an opinion from the Comp­ which makes it a punishable crime, and 8: new drug application may not be par­ troller General of the United States hold­ under some circuinStances a felonious crime, tial so as to prohibit further manufac­ ing that the Commissioner of the Food to ship an adulterated drug in interstate ture of the drug while permitting its con­ and Drug Administration has acted commerce. tinued shipment and use. I know of no circumstances under which The FDA Commissioner has explained without legal authority and contrary to the Secretary may set this prohibition aside the law in permitting a "phaseout" for an adulterated new animal drug which h.is decision to allow a "phase-out" pe­ period for existing stocks of DES pre­ is deemed to be unsafe, as the DER premixes riod for DES premixes by stating that: mixes used in livestock feeds. now appear to be. If such authority exists Because there is no evidence of a public On July 31, 1972, FDA issued an order under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or health hazard, there is no justificwtion for elsewhere, I haven't been able to find it. I an abrupt disruption of the nwtion's meat withdrawing approval of the new animal supply. drug applications of DES liquid and dry must, therefore, question FDA's legal auth­ premixes for use in the feed of cattle ority for authorizing continued shipments The Comptroller General rightly dis­ and sheep. This order became effective of DES liquid and dry premixes. poses of this reasoning on two grounds: on August 4, 1972, the date of its publi­ At the hearing FDA witnesses con­ The existence of a public health hazard cation in the Federal Register. The order tended that the agency's action allowing is not a necessary prerequisite to Withdrawal required the immediate cessation of the the continued shipment of DES premixes of approval under section 512(e) (1) (B) ..., manufacture of DES premixes, but per­ was legal, but no supporting legal docu­ and the practical consequences cited by the Commissioner, whether real or not, are, sim­ mitted the continued shipment and use mentation was provided. In view of this ply, immaterial under the statutory provi­ of existing stocks of the premixes until situation, I requested the Comptroller sions governing Withdrawals of approval and January 1, 1973. General to rule on the legality of the their legal effects. During the past year and a half, the "phase-out" period for DES premixes Intergovernmental Relations Subcom­ permitted by the FDA order. The Comp­ While the health issue is in fact ''im­ mittee of the Committee on Govern­ troller General's opinion of Septem­ material" in this legal context, I want to ment Operations has thoroughly reviewed ber 11, 1972, fully supports my own con­ caution my colleagues against the argu­ FDA's regulation of the new animal drug clusion that the FDA Commissioner has ment that there is no proof that the very diethylstilbestrol-DES. This drug has acted illegally. small residues of DES f onnd in livers been widely used as a growth stimulant I call the attention of my colleagues have harmed humans. This is not a very in animal food production. It is a power­ particularly to the Comptroller General's reassuring statement. It is virtually im­ ful synthetic estrogenic hormone which, conclusion that the FDA Commissioner passible to prove in the time period DES unfortunately, is also an extremely po­ lacks authority for granting a "phase­ has been used in livestock feed that small tent cancer-promoting substance. out" period intended to permit the con­ amonnts of any carcinogen, no matter Despite new and more stringent con­ tinued shipment and use of DES pre­ how potent, have harmed humans, be­ trols instituted by FDA and USDA at mixes nntil January 1, 1973. The cause cancers in many may not become the beginning of this year to prevent Comptroller General states that: apparent nntil considerably more than a decade after exposure has taken place. DES residues in edible animal tissue, In the absence of approved new animal such residues are being found in the drug applications for DES premixes, such new Moreover, there is no available scientific livers of almost 2.5 percent of all cattle animal drugs, and feeds containing them, method for demonstrating that a very and sheep marketed. are adulterated drugs; foods containing such widely used carcinogen, such as DES in The so-called Delaney Clause in the drugs are adulterated foods; an'd all of the livestock feed, is or is not the causative New Animal Drug Amendments of 1968 products are covered by the prohibitions, agent for any form of cancer which de­ sanctions and remedies set forth in sections velops in humans. requires the banning of any new animal 301 through 304. drug which is carcinogenic if drug resi­ What we do know is that DES, which dues are fonnd in edible animal tissue. The Comptroller General continues: has long been known to cause cancer in 30596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 numerous species of experimental ani­ deemed to be unsafe new animal drugs under (d) [the Delaney Amendment] applies to mals, was associated for the first time 21 U.S.C. 360b, and, therefore, adulterated such drug • • •." last year with human cancer. Medical within the meaning of Section 351 (a) (5). The adininistrative action culininatin g in "I would also appreciate your opinion as to the order of July 31 was initiated with the scientists found that a very rare type of whether shipment of the existing stocks publication on March 11, 1972, of a notice vaginal cancer had developed in a large would violate 21 U.S.C. 331 (a); and whether of opportunity for a hearing announcing number of young women whose mothers their use in feed would result in the adulter­ that the Commissioner proposed to with­ had been given DES during pregnancy in ation of the feed within the meaning of 21 draw approval of new animal drug appli­ the 1950's to prevent miscarriage. U.S.C. 351(a) (6); and whether such use in cations for DES liquid premixes used in the It is important to point out that lead­ feed violates 21 U.S.C. 331 (b) or (k) ? manufacture of feeds for cattle and sheep. ing experts in the causation of cancer "Finally, I would appreciate your legal 37 F.R. 5264. On June 21, 1972, a similar agree that exposure to low levels of any opinion as to whether the withdrawal of ap­ notice and announcement was published proval of an application may be partial so as with respect to DES liquid and dry premixes carcinogen should not be permitted if to prohibit further manufacture of the drug and DES implants for cattle and sheep. 37 the carcinogen is avoidable, since no one while permitting its continued shipment and F.R. 12251. Objections and requests for a can say how much of a carcinogen or use." public hearing were submitted by a number how long an exposure to it will produce The instant matter arises under the Fed­ of holders of the applications affected. How­ cancer. eral Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (hereafter ever, a hearing was denied as to the liquid Mr. Speaker, this is not the first time "the Act"), approved June 25, 1938, ch. 675, and dry premixes on the basis that "the ob­ that the FDA Commissioner has disre­ 52 Stat. 1040, as amended, 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq. jections fall to demonstrate the existence of garded the law and the intent of Congress The administration of the Act is vested gen­ a genuine and substantial issue of fact erally in the Commissioner of Food and Drugs * * * ." Discussion and order, infra, 37 F.R. under the guise of "administrative dis­ (hereafter "the Commissiorer"). See 21 CFR 15749. cretion." Only last month, Judge Wil­ § 2.120. There appears to be no question but The Commissioner's actual order of July 31, liam B. Bryant of the U.S. Dis­ that the premixes involved in the Commis­ 1972, 37 F.R. at page 15750, is as follows: trict Court for the District of Columbia-­ sioner's order of July 31, 1972, and published "* * * [P]ursuant to the provisions of the in American Public Health Association in the Federal Register on August 4, 1972, 37 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Sec. and National Council of Senior Citizens F.R. 15747, are "new animal drugs" within the 512, 82 Stat. 343-51; 21 U.S.C. 360b) and un­ against Acting Secretary of HEW and application of the Act. See section 201 (w), der authority delegated to the Commissioner as amended, 21 U.S.C. 321 (w); see also S. (21 CFR 2.120), the requests for evidentiary Commissioner of FDA--criticized FDA Rept. No. 1308, 90th Cong., 2d sess., page 3. It hearings with respect to the above-listed for contravening the efficacy require­ also seems t.o be unquestioned that DES is a new animal drug applications for DES liquid ments of the Federal Food, Drug and cancer-causing, or carcinogenic, drug. and dry premixes for cattle and sheep are Cosmetic Act. Judge Bryant said: Under section 512 of the Act, as amended, denied and approval of the applications. When, as is the case here, the Congress has 21 U.S.C. 360b, new animal drugs must be including all amendments and supplements shown an awareness of a problem and has cleared prior to marketing by the filing of a thereto, is hereby withdrawn. Manufactur­ acted accordingly, it seems inappropriate for "new animal drug application" with the Com­ ing of such premixes shall stop immediately. an agency to adopt procedures which extend missioner pursuant to subsection (b}, and and feeding of existing supplies of such the grace period far beyond that envisioned the approval of the application in accordance premixes shall stop as soon as existing sup­ by the statute, and which effectively stay im­ with subsection (c). Subsection 512(d} plies are exhausted but in any event no later plementation of the Congressional mandate specifically provides several grounds upon than January 1, 1973. The Commissioner de­ that drugs in the marketplace be both safe which the Commissioner shall refuse to ap­ fers a ruling on withdrawal of the above and effective. prove a new animal drug application. Among listed new animal drug applications for DES these provisions is subsection 512 (d) (1) implants for cattle and sheep. This order Legislation is now pending before the (H)-the so-called "Delaney Amendment"­ shall be effective on its date of publication in Congress to provide an immediate b~n O? which requires disapproval if- the Federal Register (8-4-72) ." the use of DES in animal feed. I thmk it "such drug induces cancer when ingested The discussion of this order at pages 15748- is a distortion of the legislative process by man or animal or, after tests which are 9 reads, in part, as follows: for Congress to have to spend its time appropriate for the evaluation of the safety "The effectiveness of DES as a growth pro­ of such drug, induces cancer in man or ani­ motan.t has not been and is not questioned. considering special bills which purport to mal, except that the foregoing provisions of Until Friday, July 28, 1972, the Com.mis­ force a regulatory agency to take an ac­ this subparagraph shall not apply with re­ sioner was unaware of the existence of any tion already required of it under existing spect to such drug if the Secretary [ Commis­ data indicating that use under the condi­ law. Congress, in my judgment, shou~d sioner] finds that, under the conditions of tions contained in the approved label would use its powers for securing bureaucratic use specified in proposed labeling and rea­ result in detectable residues of DES in the responsibility in the enforcement of the sonably certain to be followed in practice ( i) edible portion of animals. Prior studies, using laws so that remedial legislation will not such drug will not adversely affect the ani­ the most sensitive research tools available, be required on a case-by-case basis. I mals for which it is intended, and (ii) no showed no detectable residues in the animal residue of such drug will be found (by meth­ liver after 48 hours and even in inedible have transmitted the Comptroller Gen­ ods of examination prescribed or approved by waste after 132 hours. On December 8, 1971 eral's opinion to the FDA Commissioner the Secretary by regulations, which regula­ (36 F.R. 23292), the withdrawal period was and to the Secretary of Health, Educa­ tions shall not be subject to subsections extended from 48 hours to 7 days as a pru­ tion and Welfare for their informa­ (c), (d), and (h}), in any edible portion of dent precautionary measure to provide an tion: and for appropriate action. such animals after slaughter or in any food extra margin of safety. The full text of the Comptroller Gen­ yielded by or delivered from the living ani­ "On Friday, July 28, 1972, the Cominis­ eral's opinion follows: mals • • •." sioner was informed of the results of a re­ Section 512(e) of the Act provides for the search study undertaken by the U.S. Depart­ COMPTROLLER GENERAL, ment of Agriculture in which it was found, Washington, D.C., September 11, 197 2. subsequent withdrawal of approval for new animal drug applications; and reads, in part, using radioactive-tagged DES in six steers, Hon. L. H. FOUNTAIN, that detectable residues occurred in the liver Chairman, Intergovernmental Relations Sub­ as follows: " ( 1) The Secretary [Commissioner] shall, from a single 10 mg. oral dose of DES after committee Committee on Government withdrawal for 3, 5, and even 7 days. • • • Operation;, House of Representatives, after due notice and opportunity for hear­ ing to the applicant, issue an order with­ Washington, D.C. drawing approval of an application filed pur­ • • • • • DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Reference is made to "From earlier data, it was thought that your letter of August 16, 1972, which reads, suant to subsection (b) with respect to any the half-life of DES in the animal was 12 new animal drug if the Secretary finds- in part, as follows: hours. The new data show that, after 3 days, "The Federal Register of [August 4, 1972], * * * • the elimination rate appears to decrease sub­ contains an order of the Food and Drug Com­ "(B) that new evidence not contained in stantially. Because the experiment has not missioner withdrawing approval of the New such application or not available to the been carried out for longer than 7 days, it Animal Drug Applications of a. number of Secretary until after such application was 1s impossible at this time to determine the premixes containing diethylstilbestrol (DES), approved, or tests by new methods, or tests rate of residue elimination beyond this pe­ which is a cancer-promoting drug. The other by methods not deemed reasonably appli­ riod. It is hypothesized that, after 30 days became effective on the date of its pub­ cable when such application was approved, withdrawal, the residue would be reduced to lication, but the Food and Drug Administra­ evaluated together with the evidence avail­ the practical equivalent of zero. There are, tion is permitting continued shipment and able to the Secretary when the application however, no data available to substantiate use of the premixes until January 1, 1973. was approved, shows that such drug is not this hypothesis. The law requires the.t the "I would appreciate an analysis of the ef­ shown to be safe for use under the condi­ holder of a new animal drug application sub­ fect of the order on the legal status of the tions of use upon the basis of which the Init all data necessary to show that it is pos­ premixes and your opinion as to whether application was approved or that subpara­ sible to use the drug without any residue existing stocks of these premixes are now graph (H) of paragraph (1) of subsection remaining in the edible portions of the ani- Septernber 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30597 mal. In the absence of such data, the new missioner had determined that the manufac­ foods, drugs and devices liable to seizure and animal drug application must be withdrawn. ture of liquid and dry premixes will be dis­ condemnation undar the conditions set forth "Even if data were available to demon­ continued effective immediately, Feeding of therein. stratE: a suitable withdrawal period, it is now DES will be discontinued as soon as existing Sections 301 through 304, 402, 501, and questionable whether a sufficiently precise supplies are used up, but no later than Jan­ 512(a) of the Act constitute a comprehensive regulatory surveillance method is available uary 1, 1973. This will permit both an order­ and precise statutory system for the treat­ to permit continued approval of the drug in ly phaseout of the use of the drug in animal ment of new animal drugs not having in animal feed. In view of the new USDA study, feed and an opportunity for the animal feed­ effect approved new animal drug applications. it now appears that the test results thought ing industry to switch to DES implants and The operation of this statutory system is, possibly to be false positives may indeed other implants have been shown to be ap­ in our judgment, manifest: such new animal have been true positives. The Commissioner proximately as effective for growth promo­ drugs, and feeds containing them, are adul­ is unaware of any data which could reason­ tant purposes as DES in feed." terated drugs; foods containing such drugs ably be interpreted to show that a 30-day The above-quoted portions of the order and are adulterated foods; and all of these prod­ feed withdrawal period, which in any event discussion of July 31 demonstrate that the ucts are covered by the prohibitions, sanc­ can only be hypothesized as a suitable with­ Commissioner's actual withdrawal of approval tions and remedies set forth in sections 301 drawal period, would be reasonably certain to for the DES liquid and dry premix new ani­ through 304. be followed in practice. Even if a 30-day mal drug applications was unequivocal and We believe it is equally manifest that the withdrawal period were ordered, no regula­ unconditional. In fact, the Commissioner ap­ Commissioner has no legal authority to viti­ tory surveillance method now available parently considered that, under the circum­ ate or modify the operation of these statutory would be sufficiently sensitive to detect viola­ stances discussed, such withdrawal was man­ provisions. The Commissioner's authority and tions of this requirement. The imposition of dated by section 512(e) of the Act. What discretion under section 512(e) (1) (B) is lim­ new and more stringent restrictions on the the Commissioner's disposition purports to ited to the determination of whether or not use of DES in feed, such as an increased condition by the "phaseout" approach is the a condition for withdrawal of approval speci­ withdrawal period, measures to avoid cross­ legal effect of his withdrawal of approval. fied therein is presented. If it is, the Com­ contamination, and similar requirements, is Accordingly, for purposes of responding to missioner "shall • • • issue an order with­ therefore no longer a controlling factor in the questions presented in your letter, we drawing approval • • •." There is nothing view of the new USDA study showing that treat the Commissioner's action as a with­ in section 512, or in any other provision of even proper use of the drug under existing drawal of approval under section 512(e), and the Act, expressly or implicitly authorizing restrictions may result in violative residues." address only its "phaseout" aspect. In view of the Commissioner to withdraw approval for It was also noted that the results of the this, we express no opinion concerning the some purposes but not for others; or to de­ USDA study were considered equally appli­ substantive and procedural validity of the limit which legal consequences of withdrawal cable to sheep, but not necessarily applicable withdrawal itself. shall take effect; or to specify when and how where DES was introduced into cattle and Section 512 (a) (1) (A) of the Act, as amend­ such legal consequences shall take effect. On sheep by the use of implants. The discussion ed, 21 U.S.C. 360b(a) (1) (A), provides: the contrary, the legal consequences of with­ as to withdrawal of approval for the new "A new animal drug shall, with respect to drawal specifically set forth in sections 512 animal drug applications concluded at page any particular use or intended use of such (a), 501 and 402 of the Act arise by opera­ 15749 as follows: drug, be deemed unsafe for the purposes of tion of law. Thus the Commissioner has no "This action is required under the strict section 501(a) (5) and section 402(a) (2) (D) function or authority, discretionary or other­ terms of sections 512(d) (1) (H) and 512(e) unless- (1) (B) of the act. These provisions, which wise, with respect to these effects. contain the so-called Delaney Clause, require "There is in effect an approval of .an appli­ We have no reason to question the Com­ that there be no detectable residue. The new cation filed pursuant to subsection (b) of missioner's sincerity in minimizing the sig­ USDA study clearly shows residues at levels this section with respect to such use or nificance of the DES problem from a health that are in the range of current detection intended use of such drug • • • ." standpoint; and in seeking to ameliorate the methodology; new detection methodology is Section 501 (a) (5), as amended, 21 U.S.C. practical difflculties which he apparently being developed that would be significantly 35l(a) (5), provides the "[a] drug or device foresees as a result of withdrawal. However, more sensitive. Thus, under the law there shall be deemed to be adulterated • • • if it the existence of a public health hazard is is no alternative but to withdraw approval is a new animal drug which is unsafe with­ not a necessary prerequisite to withdrawal of the drug, even though there is no known in the meaning of section 512 • • • ." Sec­ of approval under section 512(e) (1) (B) or public health hazard resulting from its use. tion 402(a.) (2) (D), .as a.mended, 21 U.S.C. to the operation of the legal consequences "It should be emphasized that the Com­ 342(a) (2) (D), provides that "[a] food shall arising therefrom. Compare the last para­ missioner has no reason to believe that use be deemed to be adulterated • • • if it is, graph of section 512(e) (l)e which does pro­ of DES in animal feed represents a public or it bears or contains, a new animal drug vide for suspension of approval and special health hazard. No human harm has been (or conversion product thereof) which is procedures in cases of imminent hazard to demonstrated in over 17 years of use. Under unsafe within the meaning of section the health of man or animals. Moreover, the the law, however, this continued use of the 512 •• *." practical consequences cited by the Commis­ drug may no longer be permitted. Animal feeds are generally treated sepa­ sioner, whether real or not, a.re simply, imma­ "The Commissioner has concluded that rately under the Act, see section 201 (x) of terial under the statutory provisions govern­ withdrawal of approval of the new animal the Act, as amended, 21 U.S.C. 321 (x), and ing withdrawals of approval and their legal drug applications for the DES liquid and are subject to prema.rketing clearance pro­ effects. dry premixes should be effective immediately. cedures as set forth in section 512 (m), as For the reasons stated herein, lt is our This means that these premixes may not be amended, 21 U.S.C. 360b (m). However, if an opinion that your first two questions must manufactured effective as of the date of animal feed bears or contains a new animal be answered in the affirmative and your last publication of this order in the Federal drug for which an approved new animal drug question in the negative. Register." application is not in effect, the feed is "un­ Sincerely yours, The Commissioner's approach of "phasing safe" under section 512(a.) (2) (A), as a.mend­ R. F. KELLER, out" the effects of his order withdrawing ed, 21 U.S.C. 360b(a) (2) (A), and is itself an Acting Comptroller General of the approval was explained at page 15748 as "adulterated drug or device" under section United States. - follows: 501 (a) (6), as amended, 21 U.S.C. 351 (a) (6). "This matter is a regulatory, not a public Section 301 of the Act, as amended, 21 health, problem. The animal feeding in­ U.S.C. 331, prohibits, inter alia, the follow­ dustry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the ing acts and the causing thereof: U.S. Department of Agriculture have been The introduction or delivery for intro­ CARDINAL O'BOYLE APPEALS FOR unable to come forward with restrictions and duction into interstate commerce of any AGRICULTURAL LABOR LEGISLA­ controls on the use of DES in animal feed adulterated food, drug or device [subsection TION that are reasonably certain to be followed (a)]; in practice and that will result in the ab­ The adulteration of any food, drug or sence of detectable residues in the edible device in interstate commerce [subsection HON. VICTOR V. VEYSEY portions of the animals. Accordingly, the law (b) ]; requires that use of the drug must be dis­ The receipt in interstate commerce of any OF CALIFORNIA continued. adulterated food, drug or device, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Because there is no evidence of a pub­ delivery or proffered delivery thereof for pay Wednesday, September 13, 1972 lic health hazard, however, there is no justi­ or otherwise [subsection ( c) ] ; fication for an abrupt disruption of the pro­ The manufacture within any Territory of Mr. VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, 2 days ago duction of the nation's meat supply. An im­ any adulterated food, drug or device [sub­ one of our colleagues reprinted the Labor mediate ban on use of DES in feed could section (g)]. Day statement of His Eminence, Patrick result in an unwarranted public concern and Violations of section 301 are subject to an unjustified increase in meat prices. It is civil injunctive remedies under section 302, Cardinal O'Boyle, endorsing the lettuce estimated that there is about a 4-months as amended, 21 U.S.C. 332, and to criminal boycott. supply of DES liquid and dry premixes already penalties under section 303, as amended, 21 In speaking of the 2,5(}0,000 migrant manufactured and at various stages in the U.S.C. 333. In addition, section 304, as agricultural workers, Cardinal O'Boyle chain of distribution. Accordingly, the Com- amended, 21 U.S.C. 334, makes adulterated stated: 30598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 These workers, mainly Mexican-Americans, to protect air bases that first brought Amer­ POSTAL WORKERS DISENCHANTED Fllipinos, and migrant blacks, are truly the ican air power directly into the war; in Feb­ WITH NEW POSTAL SERVICE forgotten people of the United States. They ruary 1965 infiltrators blew up a number of are not covered-indeed they have been delib­ American airer.a.ft at Pleiku, and President erately excluded from coverage-under most Johnson sent the bombers north in retalia­ HON. BILL ALEXANDER of the social legislation enacted during the tion. More than seven years later, the South OF ARKANSAS past 40-odd years. Their wages and working Vietnamese stm can't protect their aircraft conditions are pitifully below standard, and which is one eloquent comment on the "suc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their housing, by and large, is totally in­ cess" of Vietnamtzation. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 adequate. Moreover, until very recently, they Another is the continuing display of North have not been able to organize into a union Vietnamese and Viet Cong m111tary enter­ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, un­ of their own choosing. prise in South Vietnam despite the incredible fortunately my daily mail more often weight of American bombing in North and than not seems to contain a letter com­ I join the Cardinal in calling for these South, and despite the mining of Hanoi's plaining about the mail service itself ~ workers to have the right to organize ports. American officers now are claiming Mrs. Mae Bock Porter's letter which I into a union of their own choosing. There that the North Vietnamese threat t.o Hue wish to share with you today is typical are at least 12 bills that have been in­ has been ended, but in the last week Saigon loot an important. base camp in the central of those I have been receiving. All ex­ troduced to accomplish precisely this press the frustrations of the slowness of purpose. All are now just languishing in highlands a.nd sufiered setbacks Slit Tien Phuoc 35 miles south of the important city the delivery of the mail, especially in the Farm Labor Subcommittee, which is o:f Da Nang. smaller communities. The letter from chaired by the Member who reprinted Together with vigorous North Vietnamese Mrs. Porter included an article from the Cardinal O'Boyle's statement. and Viet Cong activity in the Mekong Delta, Memphis Commercial Appeal which was What irony. If our colleague truly all this suggests that neither Vietnamtzation a bit untypical. The complaints and crit­ shares His Eminence's concern for agri­ nor Nixon's air power and mines have tipped the balance of fighting in favor of Saigon; icism aired in this article are not from cultural workers, what better way to the recipients of the mail, but from the manifest that concern than by bringing indeed, without American planes and pilots, the Communist spring offensive might well postal workers themselves. one of these bills to the floor for a vote. have been a knockout punch. Here is that article along with excerpts Let those who pick the crops pick their Politically, the new Viet Cong peace pro­ from Mrs. Porter's correspondence: own unions. posal-"for a provisional government of na­ WEST HELENA, ARK., August 26, 1972. tional concord that shall be dominated by DEAR Sm: The U.S. Government mail neither side"-may be pronounced by Amer­ worries me. I have t wo papers sent to me ican analysts to be the same old stuff clad from Stuttgart, Ark. on Hiway 79 and they THE TRUE ISSUE OF 1972 IS in new rhetoric. On paper, however, it ap­ are from two to three days getting here. I VIETNAM pears fair enough and is so stated that it may am sure my mail is not the only one that is prove hard for Nixon to ignore. delayed. I am sure the holdup is in Memphis This is particularly so since the proposal some place. I am en'closing a clipping from HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN appears to demand something less than what a Memphis paper. Why was this not ironed Nixon calls "the overthrow of the Saigon out before they offered so many their retire­ OF MASSACHUSETTS government." It would specifically permit ment? People like me a.re the loser. IN THE HOUSE OF REP RESENTATIVES participation by members of that govern­ Today, Saturday-I did not receive my ment, excluding only President Thieu him­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 Friday paper and won't until Monday or self--and the eviden ce is mounting that this Tuesday. By that t ime the fiys will be in Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the New exclusion is a splendid idea. them. I could walk to 79 and on to Stut t gart York Times' superb columnist, Tom Having already wrested from the Senate and back by that time and I am 70 years the right to govern by decree in the economy old. Wicker, has written an article published and fin.anoe, having int imidated and vir­ September 12 entitled, "The True Issue If you ask me, which you did not--nor the tually silenced the opposition press by Dra­ P .O. Department, did not either, too many of 1972 is Vietnam." conian publication rules, having-since the have been cut off. Too many routes have In this eloqtJ&nt analysis Mr. Wicker spring offensive began-thrown into prison been combined. But still they raise our states: literally thousands of Vietnamese on nothing postage rates. It's not the fault of the service The American people do not seem to realize more than suspicion, Thieu has now in Helena nor Stuttgart either. that their air power is carrying out one of abolished popular Democratic election of of­ The mail going from Helena to 79, namely the most terrible mass exterminations in ficials in his country's 10,775 hamlets. town of Roe, is n ot much better. Last week history, not only in the North but in the These moves ma ke it clear that as Amer­ a letter was mailed to me from Helena on South Vietnam t hat it is supposed to be de­ icans have been withdrawn from Vietnam, Monday and I got the letter Thursday morn­ fen ding and over which the squalid Thieu while Nixon's comml:tment to the Thieu ing at Roe Post; Offi ce. It was not the fault of regime has been continued and perhaps h as been giver. !':~l ch dictatorial sway. either Post Office. There was no other solidified, Thieu himself has seized the op­ stamped (P.O.) on the letter saying that it The text of this moving statement fol­ portunity to concentrate all power in his had been missent. lows: own hands. So much for all the talk by the Thanking you in advance for any help you THE TRUE ISSUE OF 1972 Is VIETNAM Nixon administration and its predecessors can give us on the mail matter and I did about democr.acy and self-determination in (By Tom Wicker) not intend for this to be as thick as Sear's South Vietna.m. catalog. President Nixon has taken American To its credit, the Nixon administration has Your friend, ground combat troops out of the war and prote.:.""ted again&t attacks by Thieu's con­ therefore American casualties are down, but trolled radio and television network (fi­ Mrs. MAE PORTER. nanced by American money) on George Mc­ American war prisoners are nowhere near SERVICE SUFFERS WrrH NEW POSTAL freedom, Vietnamization has never looked Govern as a "mad dog" and "mentally ill." more dubious, the Thieu regime has never The question is whether the nation that fi­ "STEPSONS" seemed a less attractive ally, and neither nances South Vietnam, and guarantees its (By Michael Lollar) lethal bombing nor mining of its ha.r·bors has existence with the most destructive air as­ When the United States Postal Service was ended North Vietnam's ability to carry on sault in history, has the power left even to born last year, it adopted more than 750,000 and perhaps intensify the war. stop this presumptuous behavior. men and women with the intention of turn­ Even Congress continues to pick at Nixon's Sad to say, none of this seems to be cost­ ing them into an increasingly efficient self­ Vietnam policy, despite his success in fend­ ing Nixon any votes at home. The American supporting mail delivery machine. ing off en d-the-war legislation. In supporting people do not seem to realize that their air A year has elapsed in the transformation the biggest defense b111 ($74.6 b1111on) since power is carrying out one of the most terrible and the results do not appear startling. World War II, for instance, the House never­ mass exterminations in history, not only in The mails do not move noticeably faster theless cut $450 million from the $2.8 billion the North but in the South Vietnam that than last year, postal rates are climbing Nixon had requested for increased military it is supposed to be defending and over which and a substantial number of the adopted operations. These cuts included trimming the squalid Thieu has been given such dicta­ postal workers feel "like a bunch of red-head­ from 252 to 180 the number of helicopters to torial sway. ed stepchildren," as one disenchanted clerk be sent to South Vietnam just one day after That is the message George McGovern put s it. 70 of those they already he.ve were destroyed ought to be carrying day by day and S·tate by A representative of the Postal Service's or damaged at Bien Hoa, in the worst air­ state to the American people. That is the Southern Region admits, "We haven't been craft loss of the war. theme that brought him t}!e Democratic any great shakes this year, but we're on the Those with long memories will reoa.11 that presidential nomination, and if it is not the road to improvement, especially over the old it was the South Vietnamese army's lnabllity true issue of 1972, then there is no issue. system." September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30599 Employee complaints are to be expected avoid postal rate increases amounting to Post al clerks in three Northern Mississippi during any massive reorganization. In the 450 million dollars next year." towns say they often volunteer to work over­ Southern Region there are about 121,000 em­ "I think in the long run this is just good time sorting mail at night. "I've known the ployes, many of whom echo similar com­ business," says Mr. Curtis, who is district people in this t own for years," says one. "And plaints, including loss of morale, loss of work­ manager of the 261 post offices scattered I feel like I owe it to them. People who live ing hours and ineffective union representa­ a.cross West Tennessee, Northern Mississippi on Social Security checks might go for two tion. and Ea.stern Arkansas. days with nothing to eat if those checks "I think it's a matter of wonderment in a Mr. Curtis says he must give his approval don't arrive on time." way," says Memphis Postmaster James C. to any cutbacks in his district, adding, "I Asked if he thought some postal employes Curtis. "There may be a loss of morale in have to live within a budget provided by the might intentionally try to slow down postal some areas, but, in any case, a reorganization region. And, let's face it: Right now, we're operations because of their own dissatisfac­ will cause some people to wonder what's just spending people's money unnecessarily." tion, Mr. Curtis said, "No. All in all, I think going to happen to them." He said his budget during the last fiscal our people, at least in Memphis, have good Many of the postal employes, particularly year under the old Post Office system was 52 morale. They've shown a complete willing­ in small towns, have already found out. Their million dollars. His budget for the new Postal ness to buckle down and help us do the best hours have been cut, even forcing them into Service's 1973 fiscal year is 55 million dollars. we can do." retirement in some cases. Re"-uctions nation­ He says he has no specific figures to show "If anybody in our service has a complaint, wide have cut the force about 20,000. how many employes have been cut back. But I just wish he would write it down, mark "I had no choice but to get out," says one the small town employes are most affected, it personal and send it to me. I'll do the woman, slightly past middle age in a small because "In some of those areas post offices best I can to help him." Northern Mississippi town. are no more than two miles apart. That's a Meanwhile, some Memphis citizens com­ "I worked as a clerk for the old Post Office holdover from the old days. Today, we just plain that their mail is sometimes delayed for more than 30 years. Then, these new don't need that many people in rural or as much as one or two hours from day to people came in. They came down here and cut small-town areas." day. "That IS sometunes tne case wnen a me from eight hours to four hours on Satur­ Of those employes, the hourly workers will large number of new families move into a day. I had to quit. I liked my job, but I'm be hardest hit. Called "substitutes" or "part­ part icular area such as when a new apart­ making $14 a month more retired than I time fiexibles,'' the hourly workers make up ment complex is opened," Mr. Curtis says. could make working." about 10 per cent of the region's work force "And, too, when a new route carrier takes A. high source in the American Postal (about 12,000 employes), Mr. Curtis says. over, it takes him a while to learn his n ew Workers Union says, "It's like the new pos1:al Some job classifications have more substi­ route." service has used a meat ax on its little people. tute workers than others. For instance, Mr. It's really hurting them. Hourly workers a.re Saul says there are a.bout 49,000 clerks in this Delivery of mail to Memphis from ot her losing big chunks of salary and morale is region, about 30 per cent substitutes. cities may also be late. For instance, the going down everywhere." The postal employment freeze does not spe­ Commercial Appeal mailed 25 let ters from It was never this bad under the old setup," cifically allow the Post Office to fire regular Cincinnati to Memphis on Friday and Sat­ claims a clerk at the Airport Mall Facility employes, except for normal reasons such as urday, July 14 and July 15. Iron ically, all (AMF) . They won't replace people when they poor attendance, insubordination or inepti­ lett ers malled on Saturday arrived Monday, retire, and they won't give us enough over­ tude. July 17, but four of the letters malled Fri­ t ime to sort the mail." But, like the now-retired Mississippi wo­ day did n ot arrive u ntil Tuesday, July 18. At least three AMF workers claim that since man, all hourly workers are subject to a loss And , one lett er mailed t o the newspaper the postal reorganization an eight-cent stamp of work hours. from Holly Springs, Miss., arrived prompt ly will move a letter just as fast as an 11-cent Charles M. Allmon, a retired postal employe 13 days after it was postmarked. airmail stamp. who still serves as a consultant with the "There's a greater chance for mail to be Mr. Curtis claims Memphis area mall serv­ American Postal Workers Union, says the late now," Mr. Curtis says. "We have more ice has not been much affected by the reorga­ postal employe turnover rate is slightly less people a nd with t hem more letters every nization. "We try to assure next-day delivery than 20 per cent a year in Memphis. year, and, t h erefore, more chan ces for mis­ of local mail within a radius of 150 miles and "With the cutbacks in hours we're getting t akes." of local airmail within a radius of 600 miles." and the loss of employes through attrition During t h e pa.st year, the Southern Re­ He says the Post Office meets the deadline (retirement or resignation) during the gion han dled about 14 billion pieces of mail, at least 95 per cent of the tim"3. freeze, the little people who are left have to the region al figures show. "That's nice to say," says one AMF worker. carry a much heavier burden." And, we can no longer rely on trains to "But, a lot of times we have stacks of airmail "They say they have no politics now, but, help deliver our mail. There used to be more lying around for eight hours before it's in fa.ct, the politics are just of a different than 100 trains leaving Memphis every day. even sorted. I've seen mall miss three flights kind," Mr. Allmon says. "And, the union Airlines have been cutting out their night in a row because we didn't have enough peo­ can't do anything about it." fligh ts, so. more and more, we have to rely ple to sort it. That kind of a thing means a Under t he old Post Office, postal workers on over-the-road (trucks) delivery and air 24-hour delay before an airmail letter ever were covered by the Civil Service. taxi service (small planes) which don't fly gets off the ground." "We could complain to the Civil Service, in inclement weather," Mr. Curtis says. However, T . D. Tittle, superintendent of and our complaints would be heard," says "And we do make mistakes. I don't be­ the AMF, says the only times mail is allowed one worker. "But, the APWU is stymied. It grudge the individual the right to gripe," to miss a :flight is when "it can be put on cc..n only do so much, and 1f we complain he says, "but the Post Office is at least 96 another :flight oand still be delivered the next we're afraid of being fired." per cen t accurate. I mean, we could be 99 morning. Say there are :flights at 8 p.m. and One worker at first agreed to be quoted and 99-100 per cent accurate and still mis­ 10 p.m. A batch of mail misses the 8 p.m. in this story, but, after checking with union handle as many as eight million pieces of flight. Well, so what? It goes on the 10 p.m. officials, he refused. "They told me they can't mail a year." :flight, and is sorted and delivered in another protect me, and I might lose my job." Some employes, particularly unionized city the next day." Another veteran Memphis postal clerk dis­ workers, complain that new trends in auto­ The management personnel of the Postal agrees with the whole new setup. "The gov­ mation are partly the cause of mistakes. Mr. Service make no attempt to disguise their ernment sold the public on the idea the Allmon claims a letter-sorting machine in­ almost strictly business attitude in the mat­ old pcstal system was just a bunch of politi­ stalled last year at DeSoto Station here has ter. a rejection rate a.bout 20 per cen t higher Officials in the Memphis headquarters of cal hacks, but I'd like to know just what's the Southern Region say cutbacks in em­ wrong with politics. That's what made this than manual sorting. ploye hours are part of a nationwide postal country great. If a person gets in that you Regional Postmaster General Carl C. Ul­ economy drive begun March 29. On that don't like, you can just kick him out." saker sums up the past year very briefly: day, United States Postmaster General E. T. "The point is that the public is the loser," "Measurable progress has been made in serv­ Klassen announced a "temporary hiring says one Memphis letter carrier. "Service is ice, productivity and customer relations, but freeze" which forbids the hiring of new em­ deteriorating." we still have a long way to go to meet all ployes except to fill "critical" positions. Is it really? "For crying out loud, yes," of our goals and objectives of providing im­ "Personnel costs make up about 85 per cent a Mississippi mail clerk exhorts. "The post­ proved service to our customers. of the region's budget," says Gustave Saul, master up in (another Mississippi town) "I am extremely proud of the performance a communications and public relations em­ had mail stacked up as high as his head the of the employes in the Southern Region dur­ ploye in the regional headquarters. other day. We just don't have enough hours ing this difficult transition period . . . We "Mainly by cutting down on our personnel, to operate. And, God only knows, there isn't have had some uncertainty during the transi­ the Southern Region has planned a budget such a thing as overtime anymore." tion, but the aggressiveness and enthusiasm that projects a regional savings of about 100 The West Memphis City Council and with which nearly everyone has approached million dollars next year. The savings would Chamber of Commerce last week voted to the problems day to day have been instru­ be our contribution to the nationwide goal, draft resolutions to send their congressmen mental in getting the region off to a good which is to save enough money to be able to deploring "deteriorated postal service" there. start." 30600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 SAVING FACE OR SAVING PROS­ tioned, the rigid and outdated policy held proach the next roWld of IMF talks, PERITY IN THE WORLD MARKET by the administration. Many of us have however, I fear that we are not going warned for years that our favorable trade to take the next step. That next step balance could not last and that we should may very well be in the direction of the HON. RICHARD T. HANNA be planning for the day when the post­ Special Drawing Rights-SDR's-sug­ OF CALIFORNIA World War II industrialization powers gested by the IMF Executive Board. The reached maturity. Our warnings went stark lack of flexibility in the use of gold IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wlheeded and, as a result, we have seen a and dollars as reserves makes it appar­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 reversal in our trade balance in recent ent that some move of the sort suggested Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, the time is years. It is even more frustrating to find by the board is not only in our best in­ rapidly approaching for the United that the lessons of the past decade are terest but also in those of the other 120 States to grasp the opportunity of leader­ still Wlleamed. IMF nations. ship in the field of international mone­ Instead of asking other countries to The primary barrier to a move toward tary reform. I refer to the September 25 stop their export incentive policy, we SDR's seems to be the insistence of the meeting of the International Monetary should adopt our own export incentive United States on maintaining large dol­ FWld here in Washington. The executive policy. It is the height of U.S. arro­ lar liabilities abroad. The reluctance of directors of the IMF have laid out a gance to expect other countries to change other nations to hold large amounts of summary of the alternative courses of their policies to benefit U.S. interest. A dollar reserves is Wlderstandable from action which the 121-member nations mature policy must accept the practical their viewpoints. Our reluctance to ac­ could follow. It is generally recognized­ fact that all nations will establish and knowledge their feelings only serves to at least, outside the United States-that alter their policies in terms of their own damage our general economic relations meaningful progress depends on a pos­ national interest as they define it. It is with the very coWltries with which we ture of farsighted leadership on the part self-defeating to assume or expect other­ should be seeking stronger economic ties. of the United States. wise. I fear, Mr. Speaker, that our long-term I wish to present here what I think Our policy is also unrealistic to the ex­ economic best interests may be over­ is, in terms of international trade and tent that its objective is to restore the looked because of short-sighted national finance, the larger context in which this kind of long-term trade advantage we pride and monetary myopia. Our con­ meeting takes place. That context, I sub­ enjoyed in the 1950's and 1960's. We must cern should be to save for the future a mit, makes it imperative that we, in our realize that we cannot go back to the soWld economic health for international own long-term interest, do just that-­ horse-and-buggy days in international trade. Many Europeans and some Amer­ assume a leadership posture. To do this economics. We are now and will be for icans seem to prefer to simply save face. effectively, however, we will have to up­ some time to come living in an economic date and rationalize our own self-image environment of increasing competitive­ and our assessment of our national inter­ ness. The policies and protestations of est. We cannot assume such a posture this administration are viewed abroad as CONGRESSIONAL ACTION FUND with the assumptions and policies we now both arrogant and immature. DEFENSE REPORT hold and insist upon. We need to get our decisionmaking out It is my conviction that the relatively of the fetters of control forged in the HON. LES ASPIN weak leadership position of the United cold war period. The Export Control Board has by the throat the giant poten­ OF WISCONSIN States stems from two factors, each of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which could be overcome, given the ap­ tial of our high-technology industry. propriate application of statesmanship. They throttle our East-West trade po­ Wednesday, September 13, 1972 The first of these factors is the rigid tential while our so-called allies are tak­ Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, I have been posture we have maintained both in ing our technology to the very markets asked to insert into the RECORD a series terms of our trade balance and in terms our industries are denied. We need to free of discussions of the defense budget pre­ of the volume of the dollar reserve. The the fetters we are continually fastening pared by the congressional action fWld. second factor is the fragmented ap­ to the Export-Import Bank and allow its This chapter on the defense budget is proach of the IMF's Big Ten, non-EEC credits to grow where our export poten­ one of eight being prepared by the or­ nations, in the face of a united EEC tials are the strongest. Technology, man­ ganization for use by congressional front. agement, and food are our present best candidates. Taking the second factor first, if the exports. As historically pragmatic peo­ In the section I am introducing today United States were to reach an agree­ ple, we must realize the importance of there is an excellent discussion of some ment on IMF positions with Japan and aggressively and immediately maximizing specific differences between the admin­ the lower tier of 10, such an alliance the movement of these exports to all po­ istration's proposal, the Brookings In­ could dominate the IMF bargaining. At tential customers. stitution lower option proposal, and the first glance, this suggestion may seem Our policies with respect to the balance McGovern proposal. utopian, but there are common interests of payments are equally out of touch In succeeding days I will be introduc­ among these nations. We have discussed with the realities of the modem world ing other sections of this excellent report. on many occasions the future market economy. Here again we are perceived I call it to the attention of my col­ potential of the developing nations of abroad as a spoiled nation, afraid to leagues for their study: the world. These COWltries not only have compete on equal terms. We should adopt COMPARISONS IN TERMS OF FORCE LEVELS need of an ally in the top tier of 10, but a posture which encourages currency (NUMBERS OF MAJOR UNITS) also, my experience tells me, they are flexibility as an alternative to the dollar In general, the Ad.ministration views the prepared to find that ally in the United as a world standard. Most of us have general purpose force structure planned for States. realized at long last that the leadership the end of fiscal 1973 as the baseline force to The nations in the lower tier of 10 are position of the U.S. dollar has been a be maintained through the end of the decade. dubious honor at best. These force levels represent considerable justifiably frustrated by the seeming in­ reductions from those maintained. at the difference of the leaders in the interna­ We should encourage the use of a col­ Vietnam peak (1968), and are somewhat tional monetary field. They need a lection of strong currencies as acceptable lower than those in 1964, the last peacetime spokesman in the top tier and we need units of reserves and usable by the IMF year. Of course, the effectiveness of individual their openness to American investment as a means for convertability of the dol­ weapons systems have increased considerable and export. We have, therefore, a golden lar. To the extent possible, we should in the interim, and so overall capabilities area. opportWlity to develop the economic ties begin to spread the burdens associated unlikely to have diminished. Strategic force with the designation of a "key" currency. levels will be kept at the max:l.mum permitted we desperately need in order to improve by the SALT agreements. Strategic bombers our balance of trade and insure domes­ Currently, the German and Swiss marks, and air defense forces will probably remain tic full employment. I am afraid that along with the Japanese yen, are likely near present levels until follow-on systems the administration may let this oppor­ candidates for such a role. become available. tWlity slip through its fingers. The United States has taken some con­ The McGovern proposal would reduce pres­ The other factor contributing to our structive steps toward a redefined in­ ent force levels considerably. In the strategic weak bargaining position is, as I men- ternational monetary position. As we ap- area, major reductions would occur with re- September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30601 ga.rd to the bomber force (from 460 to 200 for some time. In the general purpose force COMPARISON IN TERMS OF MANPOWER ISSUES aircraft). Smaller reductions involve the area: the naval shipbuilding program would It is becoming increasingly evident that elimination of the TITAN II missile force and be sharply reduced, the notable exception the size of the defense budget is more depend­ some air defense unit.s. Major cuts are con­ being submarines; both the F-14 and F-15 ent upon manpower-related matters than templated in general purpose forces, includ­ programs would be ended; work would con­ the widely publicized procurement decisions. ing: active Army division (from 13 to 10), tinue on the A-X and would be in1tiated on In fl.seal 1973, civllhtb. and military pay and active Marine Corps division/air wings (from a modified version of the present first-line related expenses will account for 56 % of the 3 to 2), Air Force tactical fighter wings (from fighter, the F-4. defense dollar, up from only 42 % as re­ 21 to 18), and Navy aircraft carriers and While these major programs are proininent cently as 1968. associated p.ir wings, escort ships, and re­ in the public eye, they actually constitute The Administration proposes to maintain plenishment vessels (from 16 to 6 task­ only a small portion of the overall U.S. R&D a.bout 2.4 million uniformed men and women forces) .1 program. Senator McGovern assert.she would in the active armed force in fl.seal '73, less The Brookings' "lower option" suggest.s the fund sufficient R&D to maintain America's than two-thirds the number in the force at elimination of older weapons which, it 1s technological superiority. His program calls the Vietnam peak, and close to the baseline claimed, do not contribut".} to American se­ for a total of $5.1 billion on R&D, as opposed force it desires for the future. Additionally, curity an amount proportional to their cost. to $7.2 billion in the Administration's fl.seal the Defense Department is placing increasing In this proposal, the largest force level re­ 1973 request. emphasis on reserve forces. This program. is ductions occur in the strategic area: land­ Table 2.-Major differences in the three to be increased by $600 million this year, in based missiles are cut to half their present modernization programs order to improve the force's readiness: To in­ number as older missiles are phased-out crease its training and modernize its equip­ ACQUISITION PROGRAMS PROPOSED IN THE AD­ ment. The number of people in the reserves (Minuteman II and TITAN II); the bomber MINISTRATION'S BUDGET REQUESTS AND AC­ force is reduced from 460 to 255 (only newer (about 1 million) is to be held nearly con­ TION RECOMMENDED stant, however. Secretary Laird, in his rebut­ model B-52s are retained); and major reduc­ Strategic forces tions occur in continental air defenses. Re­ tal to the McGovern proposal, has empha­ ductions in the general purpose force are Procedure 31 Poseidon Submarines: Brook­ sized the importance he sees in retaining the more selective. The number of a::tive Army ings' lower option, continue; McGovern pro­ reserves as a force prepared for conventional and Marine Corps divis:.ons is held constant, posal, terminate. combat against modern mllitary unit.s. but one brigade within each of 6 divisions Procure 550 Minuteman III Missiles: The Administration proposed to maintain stationed in the U.S. is replaced by a. re­ Brookings' lower option, continue; McGovern around 300,000 men in Europe, until mutual serve unit. The number of Air Force tactical proposal, termin:ate. and balanced force reductions can be agreed fighter wings is unchanged. The move to a. Accelerated TRIDENT Submarine Develop­ upon with the Soviet Union. The disposition 12 carrier task force Navy, projected by 1980 ment: Brookings' lower option, continue; Mc­ of this force and its organiZation have drawn in any case, is advanced to 1973. Govern proposal, slow-down. considerable criticism in recent years. In par­ B-1 bomber developmerut: Brookings' lower ticular, objections have been raised regarding COMPARISON IN TERMS OF MODERNIZATION option, continue; McGovern proposal, con­ the "teeth-to-tail" ratio-the number of men PROGRAMS tinue but re-direct. (or dollars) required to maintain each soldier Table 2 capsulizes the three modernization Airborne Warning and Control System with an actual combat mission on the front programs. (AWACS, for air defense): Brookings' lower line. For example, an observer noted recently The Administration program advocates a option, terminate; McGovern proposal, that it requires 42,000 U.S. troops to maintain vigorous modernization schedule for most terminate. a front-line force in Germany equivalent to types of weaponry. Particularly notable are SRAM/SCAD air-to-surface missiles: that maintained by 18,000 Soviet troops.a The the programs for modernizing U.S. strategic Brookings• lower option, continue; McGov­ U.S. also maintains sizable ground and air forces, estimated to account for two-thirds ern proposal, continue. forces in Korea, elsewhere in the Far East, of the projected real increase in defense Two-site SAFEGUARD ABM: Brookings' and in Latin America. spending. Many of these programs-e.g., the lower option, continue; McGovern proposal, Senator McGovern proposes to reduce ac­ new strategic submarine {Trident), the fol­ terminate. tive-duty military manpower to 1.7 million, low-on bomber (B-1), the airborne warning General purpose forces a drop of more than 25 percent from present and control system (AWACS) , and other air levels. The decrease would be distributed F-14 (Navy fighters) : Brookings' lower op­ fairly even among the services, with the Air defense systems-are still under development tion, terminate; McGovern proposal, termi­ and thus have not fully impacted on defense nate. Force bearing the sharpest proportional cut. His proposal advocates a radical change in budget as yet. Others a.re already in the pro­ F-15 (Air Force fighter): Brookings' lower curement state-e.g., short-range attack mis­ option, terminaite; McGovern proposal, termi­ the role of the National Guard, reducing it in sile (SRAM), and the programs to deploy nate. size and retraining it as a sort of domestic multiple warheads on strategic missiles {the militia, primarily designed to handle civil Minuteman III and Poseidon MIRVs). A-X (Air Support Aircraft): Brookings' disturbances, and national emergencies. He lower option, continue; McGovern proposal, also suggests steps to improve the readiness Additionally, the administration has ini­ continue. tiated three major tactical aircraft develop­ of the other Reserve components, but does ment programs-the Navy's F-14 and the ~A (Anti-Submarine warfare aircraft, not foresee increased procurement costs for Air Force's F-15, both of which are designed sea-based): Brookings' lower option, con­ such measures. In all, Reserve forces would to be aircraft capable of penetrating the tinue; McGovern proposal, terminate. be reduced by 15 percent to about 850,000 enemy's air spacer and defeating his most P-3C (Anti-submarine warfare aircraft, men. advanced fighters, and a less sophisticated land-based): Brookings' lower option, con­ The Senator's proposal expresses concern aircraft for close air support, the A-X. Fi­ tinue; McGovern proposal, continue. with inefficiencies in the present organization nally, Navy shipbuilding programs have been D-963 and PF escort ships: Brookings' lower of our military forces, particularly as ex­ accelerated in recent years and include nu­ option, continue; McGovern proposal, termi­ pressed in the ratio of support-to-combat clear-powered aircraft carriers, a new class nate. troops and in the ratio of officers-to-enlisted of large destroyers, and nuclear-powered at­ Authorization for Nuclear-power aircraft men. He urges adoption of the recommenda­ tack submarines. Future programs are likely carriers (3 projected by 1980): Brookings' tions of the Blue Ribbon Defense Panel' in to include additional carriers, a smaller escort lower option, 1 authorized; McGovern propo­ these areas and others, and estimates that ship (the "patrol frigate"), and a completely sal, none. this would save at least $1 billion per year. new type of vessel-the sea control ship.2 Authoriz81tion for Attack Submarines (42 In general. his proposal specifies cuts in the The McGovern proposal would terminate or projected by 1980): Brookings' lower option, support establishment proportional to those slow down many of these major programs. continue; McGovern proposal, continue. it espouses for combat forces. Some have The Poseidon, Minuteman III, and AWACS Again, the Brookings' "lower option" falls claimed that such proportionality is not pos­ would be cancelled; research on the B-1 between the other two. It would continue the sible, and that support-to-combat ratios would be redirected toward improving exist­ full modernization program for strategic of­ would rise if sizable cuts were made in the ing bombers; the SRAM program would be fensive forces at the administration's sched­ defense establishment. completed; TRIDENT is continued, but ule (Poseidon, Minuteman III, SRAM, TRI­ would not move into the procurement stage DENT, B-1). The air defense program would 3 Steven L. Canby, NATO Military Policy be cut, however, and AWACS and other de­ (Unpublished paper presented at the Wood­ velopment program deleted. With regard to 1 While 16 carriers a.re presently main­ row Wilson Conference on Military Strategy: tained in the force, the age of existing ves­ general purpose forces, the proposal would Washington: 1972). Much of this disparity sels, the long lead-time necessairy for their terminate the F-14 and F-15, but continue occurs because the U.S. has organized to construction, and their great cost lead to the A-X. Navy shipbuilding programs would fight a protracted war, while the Soviets the conclusion that the force will be re­ be reduced, but not to the extent advocated envision a short campaign. duced to 12 before the end of the decade, by Senator McGovern. One, rather than three 'The recommendations include: less fre­ even under the Administration's program. additional carriers would be authorized, and quent transfers of officers, ireduced paper­ 2 The sea control ship would be a small the escort ship program greatly reduced. work, greaiter consolidation of various func­ carrier capable only of helicopter or vertical/ Overall, Brookings' proposal retain R&D ex­ tions now provided by each of the three serv­ short take-off and landing (VISTOL) air­ penditures at the level proposed by the Ad­ ices (data. processing, recruiting medical), craft operations. ministration ($7.2 billion). and reductions il.n headquarters staffs. 30602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 Finally, Senator McGovern advocates a United States from the capital of the heard Senator BARRY GoLDWATER accuse major re-deployment of U.S. forces overseas. enemy who has killed and wounded over Ramsey Clark of violating the Logan He would return more than half of the American troops in Europe, as well as the re­ 350,000 Americans on the battlefields of Act, which prohibits negotiations by pri­ maining division in Korea, and pa.rt of the Southeast Asia. While in Hanoi, she made vate citizens with a foreign power, dur­ tactical air forces deployed to the Far East. many broadcasts which were monitored ing his visit to Hanoi. Since Senator The sizable cuts advocdted for naval forces and transcribed by the Foreign Broad­ GoLDWATER said that his speech was would also ca.use a marked reduction in the cast Information Service of the Federal made at the request and with the ap­ U.S. naval presence in the Pacific, and prob­ Government. In one of them she said proval of President Nixon, why then has ably in the Mediterranean as well. that she "was completely impressed by the President's own Justice Department The Brookings option would reduce a.ctive­ duty mllltary personnel to 2.0 million, a cut the Vietnamese people's solidarity and not already asked for the indictment of of 16 % . It would not change the size of the mutual sympathy and their determina­ Clark for the violation of law which reserve components, but advocates an in­ tion to materialize President Ho Chi Senator GOLDWATER rightly charged creasingly important role for them in con­ Minh's testament and bring the anti­ him with? tinental air defenses and, by urging the in­ U.S. aggression for national salvation to Now word has been received that at a tegration of 6 reserve brigades into active di­ complete victory." Broadcasting to U.S. secret court session August 14, all charges visions, attempts to improve their readiness. aircraft carriers July 17, she said: against a Soviet agent, arrested by the The proposal would not adopt McGovern's domestic militia role for the National Guard. The men who a.re ordering you to use these FBI while carrying classified documents The proposal would reduce the ratio of weapons are war criminals ... Why do you on the Navy's new F-14A Tomcat :fighter support-to-combat forces to that prevailing do this? Why do you follow orders telling plane, were dropped following consulta­ in 1968, through vast closures and changes you to destroy a hospital or bomb the schools? tions between the State and Justice De­ in policies dealing with personnel assignment On July 22, again broadcasting to partments. It would seem that the lead­ and training. It states that such measures pilots, she said: ership of both presently major parties in could save $2.7 billion per year. The proposal this country no longer regards espionage, takes no expllcit position on the stationing If they told you the truth you wouldn't fight, you wouldn't kill. 1ncitement to mutiny, and private deal­ of troops in Europe; elsewhere in the study, ings with enemy government in time of it is stated that this issue has little impact Of course, no one is giving American on the size of the defense budget. war, as crimes deserving punishment. pilots orders to destroy hospitals or bomb I just do not believe the American IN CONCLUSION schools. But these and other broadcasts people see it that way. Despite their considerable differences in by Jane Fonda seemed to me in clear the size and composition of the military establishment advocated, the three proposals violation of section 2387 of title 18 of have some notable similarities. For one, each the United States Code which provides assumes that military manpower will be that "whoever, with intent to interfere AMERICAN WOMEN IN TELEVISION provided by a voluntary system. with, impair, or influence the morale, or More importantly, each is based, funda­ discipline of the military or naval forces mentally, on these assumptions: of the United States: First, advises, (a) that the U.S. should maintain sufH­ counsels, urges, or in any manner causes HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN cient military forces to deter or counter or attempts to cause insubordination, OF CALIFORNIA foreseeable threats to our security, based on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conservative planning assumptions; disloyalty, mutiny or refusal of duty" is (b) that the Soviet Union, and, to a much breaking the law. On July 27 I wrote to Wednesday, September 13, 1972 lesser extent, China, provide the major the Attorney General of the United threats to U.S. interests, and that these States asking why Jane Fonda was not Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, on threats could well be activated if those na­ being prosecuted for violation of this Tuesday evening of this week, the Dis­ tions perceive themselves to be in a position section of the United States Code. Over trict of Columbia chapter, American of relative mllltary advantage; Women in Television, met to install its ( c) that plans concerning strategic forces a month has passed without a reply. new president. She is vivacious, attractive should be based on the requirements for the However, on my motion the House In­ Sally Foreman, secretary to NBC Vice maintenance of a secure retaliatory capabil­ ternal Security Committee has requested ity, and moreover, that this is best supplied the Justice Department to explain to the President Peter Kenney. by the retention of a multiple-mode deterrent committee at its next meeting, Septem­ Mrs. Foreman, who is not only married (land and sea-based missiles, and bombers); ber 14, what, if anything, it proposes to to a lawyer but is studying law herself, (d) that the defense of Western Europe is is at 30 the youngest president the Wash­ vital to the security of the United States do about "Hanoi Janie." ington chapter of AWRT has ever had. and, moreover, that the major requirements Next came the spectacle of former At­ torney General Ramsey Clark, who went One of her :first, and she says most for general purpose forces are derived from pleasant duties as president was the pres­ postulated threats to the security of NATO. to Hanoi via Moscow after receiving a The proposg,ls dUfer, of course, in terms of high-level briefing in Vietnamese affairs entation of awards from AWRT to Sen­ their respective evaluation of the actual from the U.S. State Department August ator WARREN MAGNUSON and Congress­ forces necessary to meet the requirements 8. He was invited by two Soviet "peace" man HARLEY STAGGERS. I would like to generated by these assumptions. Nonetheless, apparatuses--the World Peace Council include in the RECORD the remarks by despite an adjusted variance of some $24 Mrs. Foreman on the presentation of billion dollars, or 27 %, between the higheGt and the Stockholm Conference on Viet­ nam International Liaison Committee-­ these awards: and the lowest option, they share the same REMARKS OF MRS. FOREMAN conceptual framework. The Administration's specifically to investigate U.S. "war proposal is probably near the upper bound of crimes." Clark, having been Attorney Certainly this evening is a. highlight of my the budget that could reasonably be recom­ General, knows full well that the World life. I am honored to be able to serve as your mended within this set of assumptions; the Peace Council, formed in 1949, played a 1972-73 President. For this I am grateful to McGovern proposal is probably at or near the major part in spreading the false "germ you, the membership. I am also honored that bottom limit. This suggests that none of the this evening can be shared by so many. I am proposals should be considered radical, and warfare" charges against us in the Ko­ very fortunate to work for a. broadcasting that if one wished to reduce military spend­ rean war and that it included such well­ company that is willing to share me with ing beyond the levels suggested by Senator known Communist personages as W. E. B. you, and through you, the community. Among McGovern, it would probably be necessary DuBois, Herbert Aptheker, Paul Robeson the executives who have come down from to re-think the assumptions which have and Howard Fast. New York to share this evening with us, formed the basis of U.S. defense planning A government cannot commit men to may I introduce you to the two leaders of and foreign policy for more than 25 years. the National Broadcasting Company, Julian combat, risking and all too often experi­ Goodman, President, and David Ada.ms, encing death, wounds, and imprisonment, Boa.rd Ohairman. and not be asked with growing vehe­ Please meet a very special person-the man "HANOI JANIE" AND HER FRIENDS mence why the tormentors and detrac­ with whom I have worked most closely for tors of these :fighting men and those who the last six yea.rs and whose encouragement HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ play the enemy's game are allowed to and expertise I deeply value, my boss, Peter­ run free and do exactly as they please. Kenney, Vice President of NBC in Washing­ OF CALIFORNIA ton. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We are asking the Nixon administration this question; and we are getting no There is a most important part of my life Wednesday, September 13, 1972 that revolves around a man whose moral sup­ answer. port, soft shoulder and devotion bring it Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, on July 28, Millions of Americans watching the all together. I would like you to meet my "Hanoi Janie" Fonda returned to the Republican National Convention saw and husband, Edward Foreman. And I cannot September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30603 overlook the youngest member of our house­ Sena.tor, I am happy to present this award port on 29 cases of childhood schizophrenia hold, our daughter, Michele. to you on behalf of the Washington D. C. (Despert, 1938). Early infantile autism, first Television will celebrate its 25th birthday Chapter of American Women in Radio and delineated 6 years later (Kanner, 1943), was, this year. AWRT is celebrating its 21st year. Television. of course, unknown and not mentioned at It took many people to arrive at the prestigi­ Serving under five presidents, Harley Stag­ the time. As it happened, the concept of ous position we both now hold, nationally gers has compiled an outstanding record of chlldhood psychosis was challenged and and internationally. You are about to meet achievement during his tenure in the U. S. criticized by some psychiatrists and psychol­ some of the ladies with whom I will be House of Representatives. He is a man distin­ ogists. When one considers the topics com­ working this year to further the common guished by his sincerity, decency, friendliness prising the four volumes of communications interests and goals of our members and in­ and great pride for his home state of West presented at that time ( 1. General Psychia­ dustry. Virginia. as well as his unstinting attention try, 2. School Psychiatry, 3. Forensic Psychla­ Our elected officers: Vice Presldent--Jane to the concerns and needs of his constituents. try, 4. Discussions), it becomes rather evident Goodman, United Presbyterian Chu:-ch; During his career he has been engaged in that the emphasis was not on affective dis­ Treasurer, Ma.ry Boyette, American Associa­ such diverslfl.ed fields as teacher, county orders in children nor on recognition of a tion of University Women; Recording Secre­ sheriff, football coach, and the U. S. Naval syndrome which bore some analogy with one tary, Kathleen Day, National Association of Air corps. Chairman Staggers has served as long observed in adults (Despert, 1968). Broadcasters; Corresponding Secretary, Joan chairman of the Committee on Interstate In contrast, nearly 35 yea.rs later, we are Worden, President of Worden & Comi:any; and Foreign Commerce since 1965 where he confronted with undue popularization. Two Directors, Betty Dukert of NBC and Meet has become known as a leading proponent of recent letters which I received within 2 the Press; Dorese Bell, broadcast journalist, licensee responsibility as the vital keystone months from two girls, an 18-year-old high and Shirley Shanna.ban, Voice of America. of our free broadcasting system. It gives us school senior from Pennsylvania and a 14- These officers, plus our immediate past presi­ great plea.sure to present him with this year-old eighth grader at a junior high school dent, Bette Jerome, make up the Executive plaque and to have with us his wife, Mary, in Long Island, may be mentioned in this Board. and daughter, Susan. connection. Both girls, unbeknownst to each Our committee chairwoman, appointed Again, thank you all for being here. other, professed an interest in "autism." En­ by the Executive Board: Membership, Kay couraged by their instructor and counselor, Fisher, WMAL; Projects, Cynthia Williams, they sought my help, advice, and collabora­ Action; Educational Foundation, Ann Or­ tion in the preparation of a "thesis on au­ leans, broadcaster; Publications, Marty REFLECTIONS ON EARLY INFAN­ tism." One might gather from these letters Gable, American Association of School Ad­ TILE AUTI&M that such popularization, almost vulgariza­ ministrators; Public Relations, Jean Nowak, tion, reflects gains in knowledge about the HEW; and our Program Chairman, Eva disorder and the ensuing dissemination of Adams of Mutual of Omaha, who, along with HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON such knowledge. Regretfully, however, they merely reflect the spreading confusion about the assistance of her staff, and especially OF MASSACHUSETTS Julie Bail, put this lovely evening together. a syndrome formulated in the not too distant AWRT National is represented by its Sec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES past. retary-Treasurer, Jane Cohen, of WPHL-TV, Wednesday, September 13, 1972 Leo Kanner, the originator of the concept Philadelphia. of early infantile autism, has recently pub­ The Washington Chapter of AWRT is Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in lished a follow-up study of eleven autistic unique in that the people who help to run my efforts to focus some light on the children originally examined and reported by this country, and who regulate various problem of mental illness and autism, I him in 1943 (Kanner, 1971). In Kanner's own aspects of our industry, are in essence "our have included several articles on this words: next door neighbors." From this august body critical subject in my Extension of Re­ "This 30-year follow-up study has not in­ we have singled out two gentlemen who are marks. I wish to continue this, because dicated too much concrete progress from the most responsible for formulating the legisla­ time of the original report, beyond the refine­ tive guidelines which govern the broadcast­ it is my belief that too little is being done ment of diagnostic criteria." ing industry. We may not always see eye to to combat the problems of childhood Nevertheless, one progress of considerable eye. But we are mindful of the integrity, mental illness-particularly autism. importance is the worldwide recognition of honesty and concerns of these two dedicated Unfortunately, little is understood the syndrome. This ls evidenced by the for­ legislators. No offices of the Congress face a about the causes of childhood autism, mation of societies (national and local) for greater challenge than those of these two men like other mental diseases. Up until the autistic children in many parts of the world. in coping with the rapidly changing technol­ past decade, childhood mental illness A study ma.de in England in 1964 brought ogy of the communications industry, ranging was a neglected topic. Yet, the fact re­ out interesting data on infantile (or early from our current broadcasting system and childhood) autism. A systematic survey of telephone communications, cable systems, mains that there are nearly 4 million all children-normal, neurotic, autistic, and satellites, and the problems of developing an children under the age of 18 with be­ other 8-, 9-, and 10-year-old children who effective and efficient system of domestic and havioral disorders, 1.4 million are in resided in Middlesex County--dlsclosed the world-wide communications for the years acute need of psychiatric care. proportion of autistic children in the popu­ ahead. We are privileged to honor them this These children are in desperate need lation. This information is incorporated in evening. Ladies and gentlemen, may I present for care and attention. We cannot ignore an excellent book recently published by the Honorable Warren G. Magnuson, from the their problem any longer. Research pro­ Lorna Wing ( 1971) : State of Washington, Chairman of the Sen­ grams must be continued and expanded. "It seems that, in this age group at any ate Committee on Commerce; and the Honor­ rate, between four and five children in every able Harley 0. Staggers, from the State of Federal appropriations must be in­ 10,000 will have autistic behavior." West Virginia, Chairman of the House Com­ creased before we can hope to gain any A study completed in Denmark yielded mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. progress in discovering the causes of similar results concerning incidence. The Sena.tor Magnuson ranks third in seniority childhood mental illness and developing ratio of about three boys to one girl is an­ in the U.S. Senate. He is frequently referred successful treatment programs. other reported finding. Also, the fact that to as one of the most powerful men in the Dr. J. Louise Despert has written an parents of autistic children are more intel­ Senate because of his key leadership on two article entitled "Reftections on Early In­ ligent and better educated than average par­ major committees, Commerce and Appro­ fantile Autism," which appeared in the ents of Middlesex, confirms the observation priations, and his willingness to devote tire­ which Kanner made in 1943. less efforts to the enactment of legislation October issue of the Journal of Autism Although we cannot reliably compare the vital to the continued progress of our nation. and Childhood Schizophrenia. current incidence in any country with that He has been a great advocate of the consumer The article follows : of the past, we have at least some informa­ and authored the book, The Dark Side of the REFLECTIONS ON EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM tion about England on the basis of current Market Place. He has served as Chairman of (By J. Louise Despert) figures. A recent survey by the National So­ the Senate Committee on Commerce since The First International Congress of Child ciety for Autistic Children estimates that the 1956, was one of the principle authors of the total population of autistic children in Eng­ Public Broadcasting Act and introduced leg­ Psychiatry took place in Paris in July, 1937. Prior to this date, only a few articles on the land is 6,000. There are reasons to believe islation that resulted in the Communica­ that in the past l'idiot du village could have tions Satellite Act of 1962. In• a speech made subject of childhood schizophrenia. had been published. Three papers by Russian authors been a mentally retarded or an autistic child. by the Senator in 1967 he reflected on the Ssucharewa. (1932) and Grebelskaja.-Alba.tz How could one tell? Scrutiny of memoirs re­ most crucial element of our free broadcasting (1934, 1935) had appeared in a Swiss and a flecting centuries of the past failed to yield system by saying, "It is easy to believe in German journal, one by Potter (1933) in the specific data about what might have been freedom of the press when things are going American Journal of Psychiatry, and two by early infantile autism (Despert, 1965) . On well. It ls more difficult and far more impor­ Jakob Lutz (1937) in a Swiss journal. At the the other hand, our modern society, with its tant to believe in it when the going gets aforementioned Congress, Lutz read excerpts large agglomerations, its industrialization, rough." of his paper and this author presented a re- its family that tends more and more toward 30604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 13, 1972 dislocation, and its increased tensions, does language in which they are couched. They do URBAN DECAY not o:ffer optimal conditions for satisfactory not want to hear them anyway. I have found emotional development. It can be assumed that repeating what they have said. like an that early infantile autism and early chlld­ echo of their own pronouncements (pitch, hood schizophrenia are on the increase. This rhythm, and mimicry), seems to disturb them HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY interesting possib111ty appears to merit and interrupts their inner involvment. Pos­ OF OHIO investigation. sibly they are shaken in their isolation; this is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Surveying the presently available studies the moment to introduce some simple of infantile autism, particularly the series of thought which they can let in. Wednesday, September 13, 1972 eleven children in Leo Kanner's follow-up "This was the case with the now 26-year­ Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, George H. (Kanner, 1971), one ls inclined to give fur­ old boy. After 3 years of intensive "therapy," ther consideration to two features almost he was seen after irregular, usually long in­ Deff et, President of Deff et Companies, a uniformly present in these patients, in spite tervals. The mother was cooperative and fol­ major regional real estate developer, of the somewhat variegated symptoma.tology. lowed the child's progress closely. On his examined the problems of urban decay Early in life, in some of them from birth, a own, the boy initiated correspondence (3 to in a recent speech before the Columbus, failure to respond to tactile stimulation 4 letters a year). Throughout, the letters Ohio City Council. He took both city ad­ (cuddling, hugging, kissing, etc.) was noted. read like statistical reports, an enumeration ministrations and his fell ow developers In some cases, this failure was translated of activities, not one overlooked. Reports from to task for contributing to the decay of into a strong defense (resistance) against the several schools (some for emotionally dis­ such tactile stimulation from the mother or turbed children) which he attended repeat­ our cities through such things as lax en­ mother figure. This was often reported oy edly showed his d11Hculties with "comprehen­ forcement of housing codes and "slum­ parents as lack of interest, lack of response, sion." Abstract thinking 1s the stumbling lordism" and urged the developer-own­ apathy, or indl:fference. When later examined block. The boy was doing well in mathematics ers to form a partnership with city gov­ in the follow-up (patients now 32 to 40 and managed to graduate from high school. ernments to help save our cities. I com­ years of age) , aborted sexual development Against my advice, he went to a coeduca­ mend his remarks to the attention of my ls in evidence: Case 1 (36 years old} ls said tional college where, after repeated warnings, colleagues. by his mother to have "no interest in tlle it was finally suggested that he withdraw. INNER CITY DECAY: A FOOTRACE TO THE opposite sex" (even the same sex would do) . During five or six summers he had been Case 6 (40 years old) "desires to keep to her­ doing computer work (his father was able SUBURBS? self rather than to associate with other resi­ to arrange this). He 1s now earning his living Urban blight is the number one problem dents" (of a State Hospital}. There is no as a conscientious, obsessively punctual, and for most of America's major cities today. mention of sexual adjustment or development meticulous accountant. His employers are Our headquarters community, Columbus, in the other nine patients and it can be satisfied with his work even though they find Ohio, is no exception. It too has its ghettos, assumed that there was hardly anything him "odd." He has no sexual experience, has its dilapidated structures and dwellings, its worth reporting. never dated a girl, and masturbates infre­ blocks of abandoned buildings or substand­ Observers of autistic children are aware of quently. The Other seems to him hardly hu­ ard units. this and reports on sexual behavior are a man. One example: His mother took him to One of the things that must be done to rarity. Even masturbation, a natural phe­ an art exhibit. He knew the artist. As he en­ arrest urban decay ls strict code enforcement, nomenon in normal preschool children, pre­ tered the gallery, unaware of the Other, he equally and without exception. The "slum sents special characteristics in the children asked in a loud voice, "How many invitations lords" can hardly exist with a city govern­ under consideration. The erotic element did you send out?" Not waiting for the ment actively seeking to inspect and enforce (often associated with a sense of guilt) pres­ answer, he proceeded to count the viewers. He existing codes. The requirement, in most ent in the normally developing child is wanted to establish a ratio." cases, is not for new codes, rather, to enforce absent here. Masturbation by the autistic Looking over the developmental history of those already on the books. child ls an activity devoid of erotic conno­ these children, one wonders whether the If the "slum lord" will not comply with tation, just as picking the nose or experi­ early defective sensory phase might be re­ codes, refuses to make necessary repairs and menting with fingers in the ears, biting fin­ lated to the lack of sexual drive noted in keep building construction sound, then ac­ gers, etc. Lorna Wing sees their "interest in later years. ~s there not something la.eking, tion must be taken, ie., he must be brought sex" as one tending to be on an "immature some hormone perhaps, an ingredient which before the courts-"emlnent domain" of the level." She speaks of their "innocence" when, interferes with the early affective develop­ city or municipality must be exercised. And for instance, they try to undress other ment by its very absence? The lack of affect if compliance cannot be secured, the prop­ children. The children's interest in sex seems, or the stunted affect in early infantile erty should be demolished. The "slum lords" with years, to remain on an immature level autism is reiminiscent of the loss of affect must be taken to task! And it goes without and the sexual drive is not in evidence. This found in early childhood schizophrenia after saying there must be continued legislative has been my experience with autistic chil­ a normal period of development. provisions for those who would be dislocated dren I have been able to follow. One example REFERENCES by demolition or renewal programs. I believe the large developer-owner can be may suffice because I have known the patient Despert, J. L. Schizophrenla in children. consistently for 21 years, including the actual an active community force-he can urge Psychiatric Quarterly, 1938, 12, 366-371. self-policing policies be adopted and en­ therapy which lasted only 3 yee.rs (traveling Despert, J. L. The emotionally disturbed distances were an obstacle) :1 forced by existing city housing and apart­ child. New York: Brunner, 1965. ment associations. He can ask, or in other "He is now 26 years of age, living with his Despert, J. L. Schizophrenia in chilclren. family out of town as in the past. The father ways seek owner compliance with prevailing New York: Brunner, 1968. codes in various cities. The large, socially was a successful businessman, rigid and Grebelskaja-Albatz, E. Zur Kllnik der obsessive. The mother was a teacher in sev­ responsible owner-developer can speak out Schizophrenie des fruhen Kindersalters. and expose those individuals who would per­ eral private schools. The patient, first seen at Archive fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 1934, 5 years of age, ls the oldest of two boys petuate inner city problems. 34, 244-253. And I must say that the spirit and purpose (difference in age ls 4 years). Grebelskaja-Albatz, E. · Zur Klinik der "He presented at 5 a typical picture of of the tenant unions ls very important. It Schizophrenia des fruhen Kindersalters. brings to light deplorable conditions in the Infantile autism, resisting tactile stimula­ Archive fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 1935, tion, banging his head against the walls or core of deteriorating areas of cities through­ 35, 30-40. out this country. It brings home a simple the floor, and possessing minimal speech. The Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of af­ child had two obsessions: music and figures. fact: there ls improper code enforcement­ fective contact. Nervous Child, 1943, 2, 217- that slum lords will continue to let their He knew hundreds of music records, had 250. temper tantrums if they were not played in properties deteriorate while people live in­ Kanner, L. Follow-up study of eleven side; the tenant unions were formed out of his prearranged order, recognized musical autistic children. Journal of Autism and subtleties, and again had tantrums if the anguish and despair because no one seemed Chilclhood Schizophrenia, 1971, l, 119-145. to listen or care. Out of the desperation came record did not play the specific melody by a Lutz, J. Uber die Schizophrenie im Kinde­ specific composer of his choice. He had a organization. And if I lived in a rat infested salter. Schweizer Archtv fur Neurologie und slum or building and had no heat in winter, prodigious memory for figures and there was Psychiatrie, 1937, 39, 335-372. also a great deal of echolalia. These charac­ I too would form a tenant union, I would Lutz, J. Uber die Schizophenie im Kinde­ organize and would make someone listen, teristics were the basis for therapy." salter. Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie und One must recall that in the I-Other rela­ make someone do something. Psychiatrie, 1937, 40, 141-163. Tenant unions, or whatever one chooses to tionship (beginning with mother, father, sib­ Potter, R. W. Schizophrenia in children. lings, peers, school group, etc.), the Other ls call them, exist only because of the contin­ nonexistent or rather nonfunctional in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 1933, 89, ued injustic:!es visited upon dwellers of sub­ autistic child. To begin with, a note on echo­ 1253-1270. standard or inner city housing. They're ask­ lalla. Autistic children do not understand Ssucharewa, G. E. Uber den VerlaUf der ing for attention, they're asking for action. interpretations no matter how simple the Schizophrenien im Kindesalter. Zeitschrift City governments cannot turn their heads or fur die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie relax their enforcement procedures-to do so 1932, 142, 309-321. ls at the expense of those people already 1 Only a few pertinent points are selected Wing, L. Autistic children---ai guide for living in deteriorated neighborhoods. Cer­ for the sake of brevity. parents. London: Constable, 1971. tainly such inaction on the part of any city September 13, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30605 government deserves the wrath of its citi­ for-dollar with their increase in social this war now, not with promises but with zenry, be they called tenant unions or security. action. whatever. An additional 20,000 veterans receiving But there is no panacea or easy answer to The statements follow: the problems of inner city blight. A recent · pensions for other than service connect­ SPEAK UP, MR. NIXON mayor's conference in New Orleans put the ed disabilities will lose their entire vet­ {Mr. WoLFF asked and was given permis­ question to this nation. It was, quite simply, erans' pensions without a pass-along pro­ sion to address the House for 1 minute and "Who wlll save our ci·tles? Why wlll no one vision. to revise and extend his remarks.) hear our pleas?" Our failure to include this measure in Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, several months we think the large developer-owner in the 20-year social security increase is a.go the Republican presidential nominee said the private sector has an equally simple inconsistent with past legislative action. he had some secret plan certain to bring message. The cities can be saved-but it peace to Vietnam. Yes, Nixon's the one. He takes the cooperation of the private and Past social security increases have usu­ has repeated his promise time and again; public sector to accomplish the task. At ally included, or been followed by, a pass­ he says he knows how to end the war prompt­ least, it ls our message. along to recipients of effected welfare ly and honorably. It requires strict code enforcement, land and pension benefits for at least part of More than 4,000 American soldiers have clearance, a crack-down on "slum lordlsm", the increase. Thus, they recetve at least died in Vietnam since June 1, and Mr. NiXon innovative legislation, and experimental pro­ a percentage of the increase in their total travels around the country claiming he grams directed at important changes-The income. knows how to end the American involvement Housing and Urban Development experience This oversight is understandable, as in Vietnam. Well, Mr. Nixon, if you do know comes to mind with their direct subsidy pro­ how to end the bloodshed, then you must gram experiment now functioning in Kansas the legislation was considered with great carry the burden for the deaths of thousands City and similar programs wlll soon be im­ speed. Yet it must be corrected. of American servicemen. plemented in Pittsburgh and other cities The two bills I have cosponsored would I hope our Nation has not fallen to the around the country. Further, it requires leg­ allow recipients of AABD or veterans' point where the lives of American soldiers islation that would make available below pensions as well as social security to re­ are exploited for political gain. Yet this ap­ market interest rates for construction; the tain one-half of their social security in­ pears to be the case. New Jersey Home Financing Authority is a crease. If Mr. Nixon is telling the truth, if he good example. City Urban Renewal authori­ The urgent need for this legislation is has some secret path out of Vietnam, then ties should provide below market prices for let him speak up. sale of cleared land, and property tax subsi­ emphasized by the plight of this Nation's Otherwise let us dispense with idle, cruel dies would be most important in any redevel­ more than 2 million people now receiving promises. opment plan joining the private and public old age assistance. Sixty percent of these people also receive social security bene­ sector. SPEAK UP, MR. NIXON It wlll take dedicated men with vision, fits. courage, technical know-how and solid en­ None of these people will receive any {Mr. WoLFF asked and was given per­ trepreneural instinct to halt a creeping ur­ net benefit from the recent 20-percent mission to address the House for 1 minute ban deterioration that, if allowed to remain and to revise and extend his remarks and unchecked, wlll become a footrace to the increase, as they will lose in their AABD, include extraneous matter.) suburbs. The factors that I have mentioned, the amount of the increase in their social Mr. WoI:FF. Mr. Speaker, I have here code enforcement, land clearance, etc., must security checks. a casualty list from today's New York Times be implemented with visible leadership, pub­ Some veterans and veterans' widows listing the names of the American servicemen lic support and strong government. may be in an even worse position. It is from New York who have most recently been We must not fall prey to the incredibly estimated that 20,000 now receiving pen­ kllled in action in Vietnam. easy solution of writing off the urban areas Such tragic lists appear daily in news­ sions will be pushed over the $2,600 in­ papers from coast to coast. They are a grim of this nation's major cities-not applying come limitation by the increase in social our intellect to the problem-for that would reminder that we are fighting a war on the leave an unanswerable and unacceptable security, and will totally lose their VA other side of the world. question-what of the people? Wlll we write checks. Much has been said about possible solu­ them off? The need for such legislation has been tions to this war. Richard Nixon says he has It ls my hope that we can do more than established, and the immediacy of this a secret plan to end the war; it ls not some talk of the problem. The time to act and to need is obvious. On October 1, the social cold political box, that plan would mean the effect change ls now. security increase goes into effect. I urge end of lists such as the one I hold here today. If Mr. Nixon has such a secret but certain my colleagues to act now, so that on this peace plan, and if he continues to keep that date the social security increase becomes plan to himself, then he is doing a tragic a reality to its recipients, and not a myth. disservice to every American. Possible solu­ SOCIAL SECURITY AND INCOME tions to the war need not wait until after SUPPLEMENTATION SYSTEM IN­ election; they must be used as soon as pos­ CREASES-MYTH OR REALITY? sible to limit the deaths of American service­ SPEAK UP, MR. NIXON men. I hope Mr. Nixon wlll read this list and the others like it throughout the Nation and HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING break his silence on Vietnam. I do not imag­ OF OHIO HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ine he wants more killing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK Wednesday, September 13, 1972 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VIETNAM CASUALTIES Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, today I Wednesday, September 13, 1972 WASHINGTON, September 17.-The Defense Department today listed the names of the fol· have joined my colleague, Congressman Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Sp~aker, the opinion lowing servicemen from the New York area 'MALLARY, in sponsoring legislation to page of the New York Times contained as having been kllled in Vietnam: pass along 50 percent of the recently two articles concerning what has come to passed 20-percent social security in­ be called the President's "secret plan" to ARMY crease to those receiving aid to the aged, Abruzzesa, Michael J., Pfc., Valley Stream, end the war in Vietnam. N.Y. blind, and disabled; and a separate bill I am not going to join in what will Baldwin, Michael R., Sgt., Flemington, N.J. to pass along the same percentage to vet­ probably become a growing debate on Belcher, Fred A., Pfc., Lafayette, N.J. eran's receiving pensions. exactly what the President did say 4 Coulon, John G., Second Lieutenant, East On June 30, the House overwhelmingly years ago. Meadow, L.I. voted to increase social security benefits No matter what the President said or Giannelli, Alan R., Sgt., Massapequa, L.I. by 20 percent. Yet without these pass­ intimated, he did pledge to end the war Marino, Ariel, Specialist 4, Manhattan. along provisions, thousands of older and and win the peace. We are still waiting NAVY disabled citizens are unable to benefit to achieve that goal. Welker, Thomas E. Hospitalman, Darien from the intended increase. At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Speak­ Center, N.Y. Approximately 120,000 citizens receive er, I should like to include two state­ MARINE CORPS aid to the aged, blind, and disabled, as ments which I made in the fall of 1968 Feeley, Eugene J., Jr., Pvt., Irvington, N.J. well as social security benefits. Their here in this body on Mr. Nixon's position Wark, William E. 3d, Second Lieutenant, AABD payments will be reduced dollar- of the war. I say again that we must end Longport, N.J.