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Health Physics Considerations in Decontamination and Decommissioning

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Health Physics Considerations in Decontamination and Decommissioning CONF-860203-- CONF-860203 (DE86900357) DE86 900357 December 1985 Distribution Category UC-41 HEALTH PHYSICS CONSIDERATIONS IN DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING Proceedings of the Nineteenth Midyear Topical Symposium HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY February 2-6,1986 Knoxville,Te Hotted by the East TeaaeMee Chapter HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY Officers for 1985-1986 JAMES E. WATSON, JR., President JOHN W. POSTON, t'resident-Elect DUANE C. HALL, Treasurer CARLYLE J. ROBERTS, Secretary RICHARD J. BURK, JR., Executive Secretary Board of Directors James E. Watson, Jr., Chairperson of the Board, '87 Robert E. Alexander, '86 William J. Bair, '86 Ernest A. Belvin, Jr., '87 Bruce B. Boecker '88 John P. Corley, '86 Thomas R. Crites, '88 Duane C. Hall, '88 Roscoe M. HaU, Jr., '87 Constantine J. Maletskos, '87 Francis X. Massee, '86 Kenneth L. Miller, '88 Mary E. Moore, '86 John W. Potton, '88 Carlyle J. Roberts, '87 NINETEENTH MIDYEAR TOPICAL SYMPOSIUM Tom W. Oakes, General Chairperson Terry J. Oakes, Administrative Assistant Alice C. Wittmer, Secretary Executive ComadUet "*—•-£ n-J "-"T "imrlttr- Tom W. Oakes, Chairperson Richard D. Smith, Chairperson William A. Alexander John A. Auxier James S. Bogard Carol D. Berger Emily D. Copenhaver Hal M. Butler Howard W. Dickson Roger J. Ckwtier Joe D. Eddlemon Howard W. Dickson Ray D. Foley Donald G. Jacobs John R. Frazier Dennis C. Parzyck William A. Goldsmith James E. Turner Jerry B. Hunt Tom W. Oakes - Ex Officio Donald G. Jacobs Dennis C. Parzyck Paul S. Rohwer Tecfcafcal Pngrta CMM*tee David R. Simpson David R. Simpson, Chairperson Richard D. Smith James D. Berger Rick V. Stachowiak John H. Coobi Harvel A. Wright Fred F. Haywood PaMictty CasMittee Troyce D. Jones Emily D. Copenhaver, Chairperson Tim E. Myrick Helen M. Braunstein Dana K. Jennings Victor L. Turner PatMc Rshtf a» O> Ray D. Foley, Chairperson FfauuKe CaMcJttee Emily D. Copenhaver Howard W. Dickson, Chairperson Brian A. Kelly Ray D. Foley Jerry B. Hunt Tom W. Oakes Local Atnwgiaiwti Ciwwktet Phil T. Perdue Donald G. Jacobs, Chairperson Marvin H. Shanks John F. Alexander Belgin D. Barkenbus \»ih Tlml ••! "iwli atlim fiMlttir Hal M. Butler William A. Alexander, Chairperson Howard W. Dickson B. Annette Campbell Fred F. Haywood Billy M. Eisenhower Paul S. Rohwer Edward B. Wagner RtftorattM< FiMsMaii Ctrnmttu William A. Goldsmith, Chairperson Harvel A. Wright, Chairperson William L. Beck Carol D. Berger Bill D. Carden JoeD. Eddlemon Phyllis R. Gotten Robert N. Hamm R. Dan Glenn Fred D. Haywood J. Michael Mahathy Wilma S. Nichols R. Scott Moore Tony A. Rnea Alice C. Wittmer Paula A. Trinoskey iii Special Events Committee Fred F. Haywood Jerry B. Hunt, Chaiiperson Cathy R. Hickey John E. Buddenbaum Edward N. Lazo Howard M. Hubbard Michael G. Stabin Marcia L. Thomas Vendors Committee Technical Tours and Transportation Joe D. Eddlemon, Chairperson James S. Bogard, Chairperson Karen B. Abbott Alex J. Boerner Ken J. Babeaux John E. Buddenbaum William A. Cross, III Gerry R. Eisele David Katzman John R. Frazier Harold H. Koppell Joe C. lochamy Spouses Committee Marvin G. Nushan Rick V. Stochowiak, Chairperson David Silverstein Rita Dickson John P. Smalling Patti P. Frazier H. Dwane Stevens Terry J. Oakes Al Zirkes Walt F. Ohnesorge, Jr. Penny Parzyck Special Arrangements Committee Sandy Rohwer Paul S. Rohwer, Chairperson Bill D. Carden East Tennessee Chepter liaison Committee Shilling F. Huang Dennis C. Parzyck, Chairperson James R. Muir Carol D. Berger R. Keith Owenby James R. Muir M. Guvan Yalcintas Paul S. Rohwer Food and Refreskmeats Publications Committee M. Guvan Yalcintas John R. Frazier, Chairperson William L. Beck Coatinuiag Education James S. Bogard Paul W. Frame IV Technical Program Foreword The East Tennessee Chapter of the Health Physics Society (ETC-HPS) is pleased to host this sympo- sium to discuss "Health Physics Considerations in Decontamination and Decommissioning." We strongly believe this timely topic will be of great benefit to all those attending. Interest in decontam- inating and decommissioning (D&D) outmoded nuclear facilities is rapidly increasing. Many govern- ment facilities built during the 1940s and early 1950s have been retired for a number of years and are being examined for final disposition. In the private sector, D&D is an increasing concern as early nuclear power reactors approach the end of their operational lifetime. There is great interest in the progress of the decommissioning effort at the Shippingport Station and the expertise used in recover- ing Unit II at Three Mile Island (TMI). The TMI work has major applications to future decontami- nation techniques and methods for dealing with highly contaminated equipment and components. Given the current life expectancies of nuclear power reactors, 20 additional reactors may need decom- missioning within the next 15 years. Decontaminating and decommissioning experience to date has primarily involved relatively low lev- els of radiation, so the health physics problems have not been significant. However, as alternatives for D&D are examined, both the immediate and long-term radiological hazards need to be explored in more detail. Therefore, a symposium dedicated to the health physics considerations is especially appropriate at this time. There are many reasons for having this symposium. Here are a few. • The "art" of D&D is currently evolving. The number of health physicists with experience in the various aspects of D&D is presently quite small, but the demand is growing rapidly as more facilities reach the end of their operating life. • The D&D activities of retired facilities can involve the full spectrum of radiation protection needs such as high exposure rates, large collective doses, airborne hazards, etc. • The D&D objectives differ greatly from routine maintenance or repair. Routine maintenance entails some decontamination, but D&D involves decontamination to levels acceptable for landfill or recycle. • Major waste management problems for health physicists may be created if D&D activities are not planned responsibly. • Health physics activities must be carefully considered to avoid "surprises" such as the "niobium problem" discussed in the January 22, 1982 issue of Science. Health physicists must convince the public that we are conducting D&D activities in a responsible, professional manner. • The D&D involves applications of advanced remote technology at sites which were not ini- tially designed for such methods. Size and space limitations will require precise engineering, and health physics aspects of these operations must be considered. Many goals are possible for this symposium, but special emphasis has been placed on: • Sharing methods for reducing radiation exposure and contamination. • Comparing rationales for selecting various D&D options (i.e., immediate dismantlement, pro- tective storage, etc.) both for the near-term risk to on-site personnel and the long-term risk to the public. • Establishing personal communications between health physicists and other professionals with common problems, and on providing means for the continued exchange of information. • Providing an opportunity to show the public that the industry is aware of the coining prob- lems and is developing the expertise and methodology to safely decommission the nuclear facilities constructed over the past 40 years. In conclusion, we hope that all those attending this symposium will be rewarded with a greater appreciation and understanding of the total role of health physics in the decontamination and decom- missioning of nuclear facilities. David R. Simpson, Ph.D., CHP Technical Program Chairman VI CONTENTS CRITERIA/LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS I Page DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDUAL RADIOACTIVITY CRITERIA 1 Stanley Lichtman and Melinda Ronca-Battista NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A DE MINIMIS DOSE 9 David Kocher ALLOWABLE RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION LEVELS FOR DECOMMISSIONING: REVISIONS TO THE METHOD 19 W. E. Kennedy, Jr. and B. A. Napier DOSE GUIDELINES FOR DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING PROJECTS 27 Paul C. Voilleque A MANUAL FOR IMPLEMENTING RESIDUAL RADIOACTIVITY GUIDELINES 37 Thomas L. Gilbert, K. F. Eckerman, W. R. Hansen, J. W. Healy, W. E. Kennedy, B. A. Napier, and J. K. Solday RESIDUAL SURFACE CONTAMINATON LIMITS: PROBLEMS IN INTERPRETATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 39 R. A. Wynveen, H. J. Moe, M. J. Robinet, and V. R. Veluri DECISION MAKING DURING RADIOLOGICAL DESIGNATION SURVEYS 51 Jeanette Eng UMTRA CONSENT FORM ACQUISITION: A SURVEY OF NONRESPONDENTS 53 Laura L. Gonsalves, Dena Carpenter, Thomas B. Borak, and Philip Kearney APPLIED HEALTH PHYSICS I HEALTH PHYSICS PROGRAM FOR THE EDGEMONT URANIUM MILL DECOMMISSIONING PROJECT 63 J. L. Polehn, R. G. Wallace, R. P. Reed, and G. T. Wilson ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE COST-EFFECTIVE RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION PROGRAM FOR DECOMMISSIONING PROJECT « M, A. Maan, R. P. Nair, and S. Schafer INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PHYSICS INTERACTIONS DURING SLURRY TRANSFER OF 1000 CURIES OF RADIUM RESIDUES AT THE NIAGARA FALLS STORAGE SITE (NFSS) 79 Peter A. Williami HEALTH PHYSICS EXPERIENCE DURING A URANIUM AND THORIUM POND CLOSURE 81 Leslie W. Cole end Stephen V. Prewett ASSESSMENT AN OVERVIEW OF DECOMMISSIONING AND DECONTAMINATON TECHNICAL INFORMATION SUPPORT ACTIVITIES FUNDED BY THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S REMEDIAL ACTION PROGRAMS S9 Park T. Owen vii DECOMMISSIONING PLANNING AND THE ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE HANFORD PRODUCTION REACTORS 95 C. E. Miller, R. F. Potter, and J. C. Chattin ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT RELATING TO THE DECOMMISSIONING
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